Unit II:- Alternator-

Synchronous generators.
Gom Dorji
Lecturer
Electrical Engineering Department
College of Science and Technology.

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 Unit Content

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 Unit Content

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 Voltage regulation
• The terminal voltage is
changed when not only
during loaded, but also the
type of load or power factor
the alternator is loaded.

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 Methods of voltage regulation
determination.

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 Voltage regulation
determination methods
1. Synchronous impedance or e.m.f method
In this method OCC and SCC test are conducted and plotted
as shown below.

• Consider the field current If. Corresponding to If, E1 is obtained from O.C.C.
Corresponding to If, I1 (short circuit current) is also obtained.
• Since terminals are shorted during S.C.C test, we assume all E1 is used to circulate I1
against synchronous impedance Zs.
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 After knowing Ra and Xs ,
calculate Eo and regulation.

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 Rothert’s M.M.F or Ampere turn
method.
• This method also involves O.C.C and S.C.C experiments.
• The field m.m.f required to induce the rated terminal
voltage is obtained from O.C.C.
• The corresponding field current is also known from the
O.C.C curve.
• The S.C.C test, field m.m.f is necessary to overcome the
effect of armature reaction.

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 • From the O.C.C and S.C.C test, corresponding to rated terminal
voltage and rated full load short circuit current, field current F O and FAR
is obtained respectively.
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• For alternator to supply the full
load current, total field m.m.f is
O A B
vector sum of FO and FAR and
resultant is given by FR. OA=FO
AB=FAR
OB=FR=FO+FAR
• For zero lagging pf, armature
reaction is demagnetizing,
hence FR is the algebraic sum
of FO and FAR.
• Field m.m.f is required to
produce rated terminal voltage
and armature reaction drops.

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 For the zero leading pf, field
m.m.f required is less to induce O A B
rated terminal voltage due to
magnetizing effect.
OA=FO
Hence FR is algebraic difference of AB=FAR
FO and FAR. OB=FR=FO- FAR
B

FR
For the unity pf, armature reaction
is cross magnetizing and its effect is FAR
to distort the main flux. FO
O A
Thus FO and FAR at right angles to
each other.
FR is resultant of FO and FAR.
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 FR
For cosΦ lagging ΦFAR
FO

FAR

FR Φ
For cosΦ leading
FO

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 FR

FAR

FO

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 313.8 A

5440 V

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