(not to scale) Basics of Nanotechnology: Nanomaterials Nanofabrication Approaches Products: Bare Nanostructures, Hybrid Nanostructures, Composite Nanostructures How do you build something so small? “Top-down” – building something by starting with a larger component and carving away material (like a sculpture). In nanotechnology: patterning (using photolithography) and etching away material, as in building integrated circuits “Bottom-up” – building something by assembling smaller components (like building a car engine). In nanotechnology: self-assembly of atoms and molecules, as in chemical and biological systems Fabrication Methods Bottom-up fabrication Self-assembly” of atoms and molecules (since top-down is very difficult for manufacturing at nanoscale level). Use of chemical and biological processes. Current day examples: Growth of nanowires from vapor, using gold nano-dot catalysts; Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) from solution.
More extreme example: Self-replicating robots.
• Molecular Self Assembly is very important? • How it really works? • Examples? Basis of New Era in Nanotechnology
C60 buckyball (Fullerene) (A)
Carbon nanotube (B) NENOWIRES AND CARBON NANOTUBES
NANOWIRES are wires with a very small diameter of 1nm or small.
We can hope to use them to build tiny transistors for computer chips.
CARBON NANOTUBES is a tubular form carbon with diameters of 1nm
and lengths over microns. CNT has overshadowed nanowires
• CNT’s exhibit extraordinary mechanical
properties, Tensile strength approximately 200Gpa • CNT can change it properties according to its alignment of atom. • It can be a good semiconductors. • Scientist are still working on making CNT to use in making transistor and other electronics. Other “Fullerenes” “Nanotube” discovered in 1991 A nano scale carbon sheet that folds in upon itself
Nanowire In Front of a Human
Hair The principle of molecular nanotechnology is based upon Richard Feynman’s vision of nanoscale factories using complex machines to build products. It deals with engineering nanoscale machines that operate on the molecular scale distinct from other areas of nanotechnology, such as nanoscale materials. Future Perspective: Application of Nanorobot (Nanobots) Nanorobots in Surgery, Gene Therapy, Cancer Detection and Nano Dentistry AVAILABLE PRODUCT WITH NANOTECHNOLOYGY Sunscreen- contain nanopraticles of zinc oxide. Self cleaning glass-To make the glass photo catalytic and hydrophilic Clothing Scratch resistant coatings- used aluminum silicate nano particles which uses from car to sunglass Antimicrobial bandages Swimming pool cleaner and disinfectants PROPOSED NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION • Supercomputer in your palm, perhaps made from silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, or organic material such as DNA • Very tiny motors, pumps, accelerometer; helicopters the size of flies or smaller • Tiny bio and chemical sensors; nano particles that track and destroy cancer cells • Artificial body parts and implantable drug delivery systems. • Nano-composite material which are more than 100 times stronger and 1/10 times less in weight compare to steel.