KEY

CONCEPTS OF
RATIO AND
PROPORTION
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 LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Identify the different kinds of

proportions and write examples of
c

real-life situations for each.

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 Understanding
Proportions
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 Proportion

● Is a statement that two ratios are equal.

c

If = are two equal ratios, then the

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statement = is called proportion.

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 Each of the four numbers in a
proportion is called term of the
c

proportion.
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 From = , a is the first
term; b is the second term,
c is the third term, and d is
c

the fourth term.

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 =
The first and the fourth terms are
called extremes. c
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The second and the third are

called the means. (Licuanan, P., 2016)
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 Example:

In the proportion = , name the four

c

terms, the means and the extremes.

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 ●That is, if = , then ad=bc; or if
5:6=10:12; then ad=bc.
c
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 FUNDAMENT
AL PROPERTY
OF
PROPORTIONS
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 ● In any proportion, the product of the means is equal to the
product of the extremes. That is, the cross products of the
c
terms are equal In symbols,
If = , then ad=bc
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 Example:

● Do the ratios = form a proportion?

Explain. c
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 Solution:
We compute for the cross products of and . If they are equal, then and form a
proportion.
c

We have 8 x 22 = 176; while 10x18= 180.

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Since 176 = 180, and do not form a proportion.

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 Example:
● We also use the fundamental property of proportions to find the missing term
in a proportion
c

Given =
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 TYPES OF
PROPORTION
(VARIATION)
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 1. DIRECT PROPORTION

● Two variables say x and y, varying such that x

increases, y also increases
c or as x decreases, y
also decreases proportionally;
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