Reform and Revolution

- Reactions to the Spanish rule

EARLY NATIVE UPRISING

Filipino Revolts Against Spain
Causes of Revolts:
• 1. OUR LOVE FOR FREEDOM
AND INDEPENDENCE

• 2. ABUSES OF SPANISH
ENCOMENDEROS

• 3. TRIBUTE (RESIDENCE
TAX)
• 4. FORCE LABOR
• 5. LAND GRABBING BY THE FRIARS
• 6. BASI (WINE) MONOPOLY
• 7. RELIGION
Dagohoy’s revolt (1744-1829)

• Revolt of Francisco
Dagohoy in Bohol
• Longest revolt in the
Philippines history.
It lasted for 85 years.
• Dagohoy’s brother was
killed in a duel w/ a rebel.
The Catholic priest
refused to give him a
Christian burial. Dagohoy
got angry and led his
people in a revolt. They
killed 2 priests in the
island.
• 20 Spanish Governor Generals failed to stop this
rebellion

• 1827 – Gov. Manuel Ricafort ordered 2,200 Filipino

Spanish troops to attack the Bohol patriots. But
failed.

• 1828-1829 – another attack was made. After years

of fighting the patriots were finally defeated.
Dagohoy died 2 years before the Filipino Patriots
were defeated. 19,000 survivors were pardoned
and allowed to live in a new villages. (Batuan,
Bililihan, Cabulao, Catigoian, Vilar.
Silang’s Revolt (1762-1763)
• Diego Silang and his wife
Gabriela Silang led this famous
revolt in Ilocos.

• December 14,1762 – Diego

Silang proclaimed the
independence of his people and
made Vigan the capital of free
Ilocos.

• May 28,1763 – D. Silang was

killed by an assasin. Miguel
Vicos – the assasin who shoot
Silang in his back. D.Silang died
in the arms of his wife Gabriela.
• Gabriela Silang – continued the revolt. - She
won many battles. - She was called “Joan of
Arc of the Ilocos”. - But Gabriela was
defeated and executed at Vigan on
September 10, 1763.
 First Pampanga Revolt (1585)
• The abuses of Spanish encomenderos (holders
of encomienda) started this rebellion.
• Some brave Pampangueno leaders plotted w/
the people in Manila to enter Intramuros and
kill all Spanish officials there. But the plot did
not succeed. Because a native Filipina married
to a Spanish soldier reported it to the Spanish
authorities. The masterminds were arrested
and executed.
Revolts against the Tribute (1589)

• It started in Cagayan and

Ilocos . The Filipinos here
revolted because of the
abuses of the tribute
collectors. They killed many
Spaniards. Gov. Santiago de
Vera – pacified the rebel
patriots. - he pardoned many
of them and improve their tax
system.
 Sumuroy’s Revolt (1649-1650)
• Visayan alcaldes mayor ordered to send men
to work in the Cavite naval shipyards. The
Visayan men hated this order because they
don’t want to leave their homes and families.
• *Sumuroy – a native of Palapag, Samar, led
them in an armed revolt.
• *June 1, 1649 – he and his men killed their
priest because on those days Spanish priest
was really like the government.
• Sumuroy hated the system of POLO (forced
labor). Sumuroy and his men set up a free
government in the mountains of Samar. *July,
1650 – government troops attacked Sumuroy’s
camp. Sumuroy was caught alive and
executed.
Agrarian Revolt (1745-1746)
• Filipino landowners in Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite,
and Laguna revolted against Spanish rule. Their
revolt was due to the land grabbing by Spaniards
who took over their ancestral lands. Lian and
Nasugbu – the first spark of revolt. - The Filipinos in
this towns demanded the return of their land
occupied by the Spanish priest. The Filipinos burned
the local churches, looted the convents, ruined the
ranches of the priest.
• After some battles, the leaders were shot and
exiled. Others were pardoned after they
surrendered. King Philip IV ordered the priest to
return the stolen land to the Filipinos. But the
Spanish priest appealed the case and later won.
During American Era – American authorities bought
the friar lands owned by religious orders. The land
were subdivided and sold to Filipino farmers.
The Basi Revolt (1807)

• This was the most

unusual revolt in the
Philippine history. It was
all about the love for a
homemade wine from
sugarcane called basi.
• 1786 – the Spanish gov’t took over the making
and sale of wine. They banned people from
making wines. The Filipinos hated this order.
• September 28, 1807 – the rebels were
defeated by Superior Spanish power. Many
lives were unfortunately lost, all because of
the love for drinking wine.
The Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule
(1840-1841)
• Apolinario de la Cruz (Hermano Pule) -

from Barrio Pandak, Lukban, Tayabas

(Quezon) Apolinario started his own

religion in Lucban, it was called the

Cofradia de San Jose (Confraternity of

St. Joseph). But the Spanish officials did

not allow any other religion. So they

banned his religion. Thousands of

Filipinos in Tayabas, Laguna, Batangas,

and Manila had already joined it.

• So the Spanish officials sent troops to break up the
group. But Hermano and his followers took up arms and
protect themselves. October 1841 – at the Alitao, near
Mt. Cristobal the gov’t troops attacked their camp and
killed many followers including old, women,and children.
November 4, 1841 – Hermano Pule was executed in
Tayabas. But this war not the end of the story. Many
Filipino soldiers secretly planned to take revenge on the
hated Spaniards. The loyalist troops defeated the rebels
after a bloody combat. Srg. Samaniego and 81 followers
were shot at the Luneta at sunset on January 21, 1843.
 Why Revolts Failed

1. THE FILIPINOS WERE NOT UNITED.

INSTEAD OF HELPING EACH OTHER TO OUST THE

SPANIARDS , THE FILIPINOS FOUGHT EACH
OTHER. SO THE SPANIARDS USED THE FILIPINOS
LACK OF UNITY TO CONTINUE OPPRESSING
THEM.
2. THERE WERE NO
NATIONAL LEADERS
WHO UNITED THE
PEOPLE. THERE WERE
NO GOM-BUR-ZA, RIZAL,
BONIFACIO, OR
AGUINALDO THEN.THESE
NATIONAL LEADERS
ONLY CAME IN THE 1 9
TH C E N T U R Y .
Philippine Reform and Its Movements
La Solidaridad
• The official
organ/magazine of the
Propaganda Movement
• Graciano Lopez Jaena
served as the first
editor
• The first issue was
published in Barcelona
Spain on February 15,
1889
 Aims of La Solidaridad
• To work for political and social reforms
peacefully
• To present the sad conditions in the Philippines
so that Spain can remedy them
• To oppose the evil influences of reaction and
outmoded beliefs and practices
• To advocate liberal ideas and progress
• To champion the just aspirations of the Filipinos
to life, democracy and happiness.
 Pen Names of the Members
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Plaridel
• Jose Rizal
-Laong Laan and Dimasalang
• Mariano Ponce
-Naning, Tikbalang or Kalipulako
• Antonio Luna
-Taga-ilog
• Jose Ma. Panganiban - Jomapa
 La Liga Filipina
• July 3,1892 – Rizal and a group of patriotic filipinos,
including Andres Bonifacio founded La Liga Filipina.
• 1. To unite the whole archipelago into one strong body.
• 2. Mutual protection of all members in Case of
necessity.
• 3. The encouragement of Agriculture,commerce and
education
• 4. Defense against any kind of violence and Injustice;
and
• 5. Study and application of reforms.
• Monthly due of Ten centavos.
• 1. A member or his son without
financial means but with Enough
ability and industry shall be
supported
• 2. The poor shall be supported
against the rich and powerful.
• 3. Any member who suffered losses
shall be given financial help.
• 4. Stores and shops shall be opened
which would sell goods To members
at low prices.
• 5. Machines shall be introduced in
order to promote industries.
• In 1892, Bonifacio sought the counsel of Rizal on
their planned revolution and the latter cautioned
them because of its untimeliness and the people’s
unpreparedness. Their failure to force Spain to
institute reforms convinced the Katipunan that the
call must be for revolution and not reform.
The Katipunan is born
Andres Bonifacio was also a member of La Liga Filipina,
although he soon lost hope in gaining reforms though
peaceful means. This feeling was especially heightened
when Jose Rizal was exiled to Dapitan. Bonifacio became
convinced that the only way the Philippines could gain
independence was through a revolution.

Bonifacio then founded the “Katastaasan

Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan”
(KKK) on July 7, 1892 in a house on Azcarraga street
(now Claro M. Recto), in Tondo Manila.
The Katipunan had colorful beginnings. As a symbol of
the member’s loyalty, they performed the solemn rite of
sanduguan (blood compact), wherein each one signed his
name with his own blood..

The members agreed to recruit more people using the

“triangle system” of enlistment. Each original member
would recruit tow new members who were not related to
each other. Each new member would do the same thing,
and so on down the line. Members were also asked to
contribute one Real (about 25 centavos) each month in
order to raise funds for the association.
The “Kataastaasang Sanggunian” (supreme council) was
the highest governing body of the Katipunan. It was
headed by a supremo, or president. Each province had a
“Sangguaniang Bayan” (Provincial Council) and each
town had a “Sangguniang Balangay” (Popular Council).

The Leaders of the Katipunan:

▪ Deodato Arellano -Supremo

▪ Ladislao Diwa -Fiscal
▪ Teodora Plata -Secretary
▪ Valentine Diaz -treasurer
▪ Andres Bonifacio -controller
Jose Rizal never became involved in the organization and
activities of the Katipunan; but the Katipuneros still
looked up to him as a leader. In fact, Rizal’s name was
used as a password among the society’s highest-ranking
members, who were called bayani.

Membership of the Katipunan

Katipon – wore black cloaks, password “Anak ng Bayan”

Kawal – wore purple cloaks, medallions, password

“GomBurZa”

Bayani – wore red cloaks, password “Rizal”

• Events forced Bonifacio and the Katipunan to
launched the revolution. On August 23, 1896,
the Katipunan was discovered by the Spanish
authorities, prompting Bonifacio and the
Katipuneros to tear their cedula (identification
card), which symbolized their colonial
oppression, and to declare in Pugad Lawin the
beginning of the Philippine Revolution.