L E D U C AT I O N A N D H E A LTH 1

P HY S I C A
(PEHEALTH1)
Theories supporting the Teaching Physical
Education and Health for Elementary Grades

WEEK 2
LESSON 5
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the activity, the learners are
expected to:
1.Execute Physical Fitness test; and
2.Appreciate the activities for total fitness
Learning Theories
1. Cognitive Learning Theory
The cognitive learning examines peoples mental processes. Plato and
Descrates were among the first thinkers to concentrate on thought and how
we perceive as humans. Jean Piaget is a well known figure in cognitive
psychology, and his research focuses on how environments and internal
systems influence learning. The cognitive theory has progressed over time,
with theories concentrating on various aspects of learning and
comprehension. The cognitive theory suggests that internal thinking and
external influences are both essential aspects of the cognitive process at its
most fundamental stage.
The mental mechanism by which the pupil takes in, interprets, stores, and retrieves
knowledge is called cognitive learning. Between the stimulus (input) and the answer, the
mind goes through a mental phase (output). the stimuli will enter an individual’s mind, be
processed, and then acted upon. There are several components to the mental process.
These include the following:
• Attention
• Observing
• Perceptions
• Interpreting
• Organizing
• Memory (storing)
• Categorizing
• Forming generalization
 Benefits of physical education and health from cognitive learning theory

Pupils learn more effectively by using their brains in cognitive learning. This approach
focuses on involved, positive, and long term learning. These enable pupils to fully engage
in their learning, think more clearly, and remember more information, as well as develop
true understanding.
Children will develop skills techniques in cognitive learning that will help them boost their
school results, such as how to think critically and make lasting connections between
subjects. Cognitive learning, rather than memorization, builds on prior knowledge and
helps pupils to learn how to make connections, reflect, and assess material skills that will
help them become successful pupils.
The subject teaching physical education and health deals with movements, sports,
recreation, and understanding one’s physical body. Pupils at a young age may benefit
from this theory by assisting them in successfully remembering and applying newly
learned concepts; and teaching them hoe to take “big picture” approach. Using
cognitive learning theory in comprehension in different basic physical fitness activities,
fundamental movements, sports, and recreational activities may greatly help young
pupils. Exposing them to this practice may result in good memory, attention, analysis,
and evaluation of things.
Benefits of cognitive learning helps improve children’s comprehension. It develops
children’s problem solving skills. Cognitive learning promotes long term learning.
Improves confidence among pupils. Cognitive learning instills a love of learning among
pupils .
 2. Constructivism learning theory
3

Is a theory stating that rather than passively taking in information, pupils construct
knowledge.
Is a learning theory stating that pupils develop their learning based on their prior
experiences. This learning theory emphasizes learning as a personal and special experience
for each pupil.
Related to this are the processes of assimilation and accommodation.
- Assimilation refers to the method of integrating new data into an existing schema.
- Accommodation refers to revising and redeveloping an existing schema using newly
acquired knowledge.
Consequences of the constructivist theory
- Instead of passively receiving knowledge, pupils learn better when they are actively
engaged in learning experiences.
- Learning is inherently a collaborative activity because it takes place in a social
environment where pupils and teachers cooperate to acquire information.
- Because knowledge cannot be directly imparted to pupils, teaching aims to provide
opportunities for pupils to develop knowledge through experiences.
• Essential components to constructivist teaching

If you choose to use constructivist concepts in your classroom or when planning your
classes, there are few key elements to consider. According to Baviskar,Hartle, and
Whitney (2009), these are the following :
Elicit prior knowledge
Create cognitive dissonance
Apply knowledge with feedback
Reflecting on learning
Benefits of Physical Education and Health from Constructivist learning
Theory

Physical education deals with bodily movements, while health deals with
acquiring knowledge. Health may also benefit from this theory by simply
applying some health practices or lessons in reality. Active learning is needed
in physical education when it comes to learning how to be fit, playing games
and sports, and do other recreational activities.