Review : Polynomials

Polynomial comes from poly- (meaning

"many") and -nomial (in this case
meaning "term")
 Example: 4x + 3x -5
2

Number of terms: 3
Exponent: 2
Leading coefficient: 4
Constant: -5
Examples
• 3x
• x−2
• −6y2 − ( 79 )x
• 3xyz + 3xy2z − 0.1xz − 200y + 0.5
• 512v5 + 99w5
• 5
• x/2
 Not Polynomials
● 3x-2
● 1/x
●

●4x1/2

●
● variable has negative exponent
● variable is in the denominator
● variable is part of the denominator
● variable has fractional exponent
●variable is a radicand
 Polynomial Functions

- polynomial function has the form

f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + a1x + a0, an
, where are real numbers and n is a
nonnegative integer.

- functions consist of one or more

terms of variables with whole number
exponents
Examples
Linear polynomial (linear
f(x) = 3x - 2 function)
f(x) = x2 - 4x + 1 Quadratic polynomial
Cubic polynomial with no
f(x) = -3x3 + x - 6 quadratic term

f(x) = (x - 3)2(2x - 1) Cubic polynomial (largest power

will be three when expanded)

f(x) = 2x4 - 5x3 + 2x2 - x + 17 Quartic polynomial

Quintic polynomial with only the
f(x) = 18x5 - 7 5th degree and constant terms.

Note: f(x) = y
Polynomial Function Standard Form Degree Leading Constant
Coefficient Term
1. y = 2x3 + x4 – x2 + 14x -56 y = x4 +2x3 – x2 + 14x - 4 1 -56
56
2. f(x) = 3-11x + 9x2

3. f(x) = x(x2 – 5)

4. y = -x(x + 3)(x – 3)

5. y = + + 15x

6. f(x) = x(x-5)(x + 1)(x + 2) y = x4 - 2x3 – 13x2 - 10x 4 1 0

7. y = (x + 4)(x+1)(x -1)2
Polynomial Function Standard Form Degree Leading Constant
Coefficient Term
1. y = 2x3 + x4 – x2 + 14x -56 y = x4 + 2x3 – x2 + 14x - 4 1 -56
56
2. f(x) = 3-11x + 9x2 f(x) = 9x2 - 11x +3 2 9 3

3. f(x) = x(x2 – 5) y = x3 -5x 3 1 0

4. y = -x(x + 3)(x – 3) y = -x3 + 9x 3 -1 0

5. y = + + 15x y = 2/3 x3 + 15x + 5/3 3 2/3 5/3

6. f(x) = x(x-5)(x + 1)(x + 2) y = x4 + 2x3 – 13x2 - 4 1 0

10x
7. y = (x + 4)(x+1)(x -1)2 y = x4 + 3x3 – 5x2 - 3x + 4 1 4
4
Question:
What are the factors of y = -x5 + 10x3 – 9x?
What are the factors of y = -x5 + 10x3 – 9x?
Question:
Is (x – 1) a factor of
y = -x5 + 10 x3 – 9x?
FACTOR THEOREM

If a polynomial f(x) has

x – r as a factor iff P(r) = 0.

𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 : 𝑖𝑓𝑓 =𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓

Example 1:
Is (x – 1) a factor of
y = -x5 + 10 x3 – 9x?
Solution:
-x5 + 10 x3 – 9x ÷ (x – 1)

By factor theorem,
0 = -x + 10 x – 9x
5 3

0 = -(1) + 10 (1) – 9(1)

5 3

0 = -1 + 10 – 9
0=0
Example 2:
Is (x – 2) a factor of
y = x3 – 4x - 3?
Example 3:
Is (x – 3) a factor of
y = x3 – 3x2 + 2x - 5?
Example 4:
Is (x – 3) a factor of
y = 2x3 – 3x2 + x - 5?
Example 5:
Is (x – 1) a factor of
y = 2x20 – 3x10 + x30?
Example 6:
Is (x + 4) a factor of
y = 2x3 + 9x2 + 3x - 4?
Example 7:
Is (x + 3) a factor of
y = x3 – 3x2 - 9x + 27?
Example 8:
Is (x - 2) a factor of
y = x3 + 7x2 + 2x - 40?
Example 9:
Is (x + 1) a factor of
y = x6 + 3x5 + 7x2 + x - 5?
Example 10:
Is (x + 1) a factor of
y = 10x100 - 15x110 + 6x120?
Activity
Factor completely.