BIO 001

biological methods
&
application

by

Dr. KEHINDE BOLARINWA

 Course Outline
 What is Biological Drawing?

 Materials

 Rules for Biological Drawings

 Don’ts of Biological Drawings

 Magnification Calculation

 Drawing Tips

 Drawing Practice 2
 What is Biological Drawing?

• Biological Drawing is a type of

data collection/result of
observation at different depths
of focus at different
magnification from specimens.

3
 Materials
• HB pencil (lead pencil)

• A good sharpener/ blade

• A good eraser

• Plain sheets (unlined)/Lab manual

• A ruler

• A pen
4
 Rules for Biological Drawings
• If you see something, DRAW something.

• Use a lead pencil, preferably a 2H to DRAW

write Titles, Labels and Magnification
• Simple DRAWINGS with clean cut lines
showing what has been observed.
• Neat and labelled DRAWINGS on unlined
(blank) paper
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 Rules for Biological Drawings
• Large DRAWINGS to show all parts without
crowding.
• The greater the number of parts, the larger the
DRAWING.
• DRAWINGS must be about half a page in size.

• DRAW from left to the center of the page.

• Label on the right-hand side of the page 6

 Rules for Biological Drawings

• Lines to the labelled parts should be drawn

with a ruler parallel to each other.

• The lettering of the words should be

horizontal.

• Use a ruler for label lines.

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 Rules for Biological Drawings
 Use dots to Indicate a darker area

 Indicate the thickness of a plant cell wall by

using 2 lines.
 All DRAWINGS are titled above

 The Magnification of the object drawn follows

the title and is in parentheses.
 Example: Blood Cell (300X). 8
 Rules for Biological Drawings

• Name and date are written in the top right

hand corner.

• Drawings under a Microscope, much larger

than the object’s actual size

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 Don’ts of Biological Drawings
• Don’t Draw what you think should be
there
• Don’t use ball pen, marker or other
coloured writing materials to draw

• Don’t sketch
• Don’t Draw on lined or rough paper
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 Don’ts of Biological Drawings

• Don’t Draw to the right-hand side of the page

• Don’t Label on the left-hand side of the page

• Don’t Draw lines to the labelled parts with

your hand, rope or other flexible materials
• Don’t shade or colour your drawing.
• Don’ts crossover lines

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 Magnification Calculation
 Under the Microscope

 Total magnification = eyepiece lens x

objective lens

 So, if we use a 16x eyepiece lens and a 10x

objective lens the total magnification is:

 16 x 10 = 160x magnification
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13
 Magnification Calculation
Biological drawings: measure it with a ruler (in mm)
• the size of the drawing

• the actual size of the object

• the magnification of your drawing

• magnification = size of drawing (mm)/size of the real thing

(mm)

The size of the real thing is usually given to you. BUT, you
must convert to mm to use the formula
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 Drawing Tips
• Calm
• Attentive
• Good Vision
• Neat
• Examples 15