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GROWTH
1. BINARY FISSION
Most bacteria reproduce asexually by cell
division, involving binary fission. During binary
fission, the single DNA molecule replicates and
both copies attach to the cell membrane.
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2. BUDDING
A group of environmental bacteria reproduces
by budding. In this process a small bud forms at
one end of the mother cell or on filaments called
prosthecae. As growth proceeds, the size of the
mother cell remains about constant, but the bud
enlarges.
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Blastospore
This is a fungal spore
produced by budding of a
hypha or yeast cell. Both
wall layers are involved.
The spore may remain
attached and bud further -
giving rise to a branched
chain of spores.
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Porospore
A spore produced by an
extension of the inner wall of
the hyphal cell and extrusion
through a microscopic pore in
the wall of the conidiophore.
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Sexual spores result from the fusion of nuclei
from two opposite mating strains of the same
species of fungus. Organisms that grow from
sexual spores will have genetic characteristics
of both parental strains.
A fungal sexual spore results from sexual
reproduction, consisting of three phases:
Oospores
Zygospores
Ascospores
Basidiospores
REPRODUCTION IN YEASTS
Reproduce by mitosis:
Fission yeasts: Divide evenly to produce two new cells
(Schizosaccharomyces).
Budding yeasts: Divide unevenly by budding
(Saccharomyces).Budding yeasts can form pseudohypha, a
short chain of undetached cells. Candida albicans invade tissues
through pseudohyphae.