TURBINE ENGINES

Princess Mason
GENERAL
What turbine engine selection provides for
Combustion section
proper mixing of the fuel and air?
 At the higher engine speeds, thrust increases
Which statement is true regarding jet engines?
rapidly with small increases in RPM.
The basic gas turbine engine is divided into two main sections:
the cold section and the hot section.
(1) The cold section includes the engine inlet,
compressor, and turbine sections.
(2) The hot section includes the combustor, diffuser, and Neither No. 1 nor No. 2 is true.
exhaust sections.
Regarding the above statements,
The Brayton cycle is known as the constant Pressure cycle.
Which of the following variables affect the inlet
air density of a turbine engine?
1. Speed of the aircraft.
2. Compression ratio. 1,4,5
3. Turbine inlet temperature.
4. Altitude of the aircraft.
5. Ambient temperature.
6. Turbine and compressor efficiency ◦ Speed of the aircraft.
◦ Altitude of the aircraft.
◦ Ambient temperature.
Which of the following factors affect the thermal
efficiency of a turbine engine?
1. Turbine inlet temperature. 1,2,5
2. Compression ratio.
3. Ambient temperature. ◦ Turbine inlet temperature.
4. Speed of the aircraft. ◦ Compression ratio.
5. Turbine and compressor efficiency. ◦ Turbine and compressor efficiency.
6. Altitude of the aircraft.
The engine pressure ratio (EPR) indicator is a
Engine thrust being produced.
direct indication of
What instrument indicates the thrust of a gas
Engine pressure ratio indicator.
turbine engine?
What effect does high atmospheric humidity
Has little or no effect.
have on the operation of a jet engine?
CENTRIFUGAL AND
AXIAL-FLOW
COMPRESSORS
At what point in an axial-flow turbojet engine
At the compressor outlet.
will the highest gas pressures occur?
 The fan rotational speed of a dual axial
Low-pressure compressor.
compressor forward fan engine is the same as the
What is the function of the stator vane assembly at the
discharge end of a typical axial-flow compressor?
To straighten airflow to eliminate turbulence.
In the dual axial-flow or twin spool compressor
N2 compressor.
system, the first stage turbine drives the
What are the two functional elements in a
Impeller and diffuser.
centrifugal compressor?
A turbine engine compressor which contains
Double entry centrifugal compressor.
vanes on both sides of the impeller is a
An advantage of the axial-flow compressor is its High peak efficiency.
An advantage of the centrifugal-flow
Pressure rise per stage.
compressor is its high
Which two elements make up the axial-flow
Rotor and stator.
compressor assembly?
The two types of centrifugal compressor
Single entry and double entry.
impellers are
In a dual axial-flow compressor, the first stage
N2 compressor.
turbine drives
 In a turbine engine with a dual-spool
Seeks its own best operating speed.
compressor, the low speed compressor
What is the function of the inlet guide vane Directs the air into the first stage rotor blades at
assembly on an axial-flow compressor? the proper angle.
What is the primary advantage of an axial-flow
Greater pressure ratio.
compressor over a centrifugal compressor?
The purpose of a bleed valve, located in the beginning Vent some of the air overboard to prevent a
stages of the compressor, in a gas turbine engine is to compressor stall.
What is meant by a double entry centrifugal A compressor with vanes on both sides of the
compressor? impeller.
What is the major function of the turbine
Supplies the power to turn the compressor.
assembly in a turbojet engine?
What is the primary factor which controls the
Number of stages in compressor.
pressure ratio of an axial-flow compressor?
The compression ratio of an axial-flow
Number of compressor stages.
compressor is a function of the
SPLIT SPOOL AXIAL-
FLOW
COMPRESSORS
 Some high-volume turboprop and turbojet engines are equipped with Low-pressure rotor will increase in speed as the
two-spool or split compressors. When these engines are operated at high
altitudes, the compressor load decreases in the lower density air.
Which turbine engine compressor offers the greatest advantages for
both starting flexibility and improved high-altitude performance? Split spool, axial flow
DIFFUSER AND
COMBUSTION
SECTIONS
In a gas turbine engine, combustion occurs at a
Pressure.
constant
What is the purpose of the diffuser section in a
To increase pressure and reduce velocity.
turbine engine?
The diffuser section of a jet engine is located
The compressor section and the burner section.
between
The air passing through the combustion Used to support combustion and to cool the
chamber of a turbine engine is engine.
TURBINE SECTION
Wayne Cherubin Jr.
One function of the nozzle diaphragm in a Direct the flow of gases to strike the turbine
turbine engine is to? blades at the desired angle.
What is the profile of a turbine engine
A cutout that reduces blade tip thickness.
compressor blade?
The abbreviation “P” with subscript t7 used in
The total pressure at station No. 7
turbine engine terminology means
Turbine nozzle diaphragms located on the upstream side of Increase the velocity of the heated gases flowing
each turbine wheel, are used in the gas turbine engine to past this point.
Where is the highest gas pressure in a turbojet
In the entrance of the burner section.
engine?
The turbine section of a jet engine Drives the compressor section.
What are the two basic elements of the turbine
Stator and rotor
section in a turbine engine?
Some engine manufacturers of twin spool gas turbine engines identify
turbine discharge pressure in their maintenance manuals as Pt7.
 impulse, reaction, and impulse-vector.
Three types of turbine blades are
Which of the following is the ultimate limiting
Turbine inlet temperature.
factor of turbine engine operation?
 Reduced blade vibration and improved airflow
Shrouded turbine rotor blades.
characteristics in gas turbines are brought about by
A purpose of the shrouds on the turbine blades
Reduce vibration.
of anaxial-flow engine is to
The velocity of subsonic air as it flows through
Increases.
a convergent nozzle
The velocity of subsonic air as it flows through
Increases.
a divergent nozzle
The pressure of subsonic air as it flows through
Decreases.
a convergent nozzle
The pressure of subsonic air as it flows through
Decreases.
a divergent nozzle
A gas turbine engine comprises which three
Turbine, compressor, and combustion.
main sections?
What type of turbine blade is most commonly
Impulse-reaction.
used in aircraft jet engines?
(1) In a turbine engine axial-flow compressor, each consecutive
pair of rotor and stator blades constitutes a pressure stage.
(2) In a turbine engine axial-flow compressor, the number of
rows of stages is determined by the amount of air and total Both No. 1 and No. 2 are true.
pressure rise required.
Regarding the above statements,
 The turbine blades are shaped so that their ends
What is meant by a shrouded turbine?
form a band or shroud.
At what stage in a turbine engine are gas
Compressor outlet.
pressures the greatest?
Engine pressure ratio is the total pressure ratio Front of the compressor and the rear of the
between the turbine.
EXHAUST SECTION
An exhaust cone placed aft of the turbine in a jet engine will
cause the pressure in the first part of the exhaust duct to Increase and the velocity to decrease.
The function of the exhaust cone assembly of a Straighten and collect the exhaust gases into a
turbine engine is to solid exhaust jet.
Why do some turbine engines have more than To extract more power from the exhaust gases
one turbine wheel attached to a single shaft? than a single wheel can absorb.
Which of the following types of combustion
Multiple-can, annular, and can-annular.
sections are used in aircraft turbine engines?
In what section of a turbojet engine is the jet
Exhaust.
nozzle located?
(1) Engine pressure ratio (EPR) is a ratio of the exhaust gas
pressure to the engine inlet air pressure, and indicates
the thrust produced.
(2) Engine pressure ratio (EPR) is a ratio of the exhaust gas
pressure to the engine inlet air pressure, and indicates Only No. 1 is true.
volumetric efficiency.
Regarding the above statements,
 Dividing turbine outlet total pressure by engine
Engine pressure ratio is determined by
inlet total pressure.