LEADERSHIP

- is the process of directing and influencing

task-related activities of group members.

3 Important Implications:
1. must involve other people
2. must imply unequal distribution of
power among leaders and group
members
 3. leaders can also influence
subordinates in a variety of ways

Question: As subordinates, why do

we follow our leader/s?
Approaches to Leadership
1. Traits Approach
2. Behavioral Approach
3. Contingency Approach

Traits Approach
 figure out what effective leaders are
 attempt to identify the personal

characteristics of leaders
 leaders are born, not made
Traits Approach…
o Predisposition to leadership:

Leaders are naturally:

- braver
- more aggressive
- More decisive
- more articulate

Behavioral Approach
 figure out what effective leaders are
 behaviors are learned, thus individuals can

be trained to be leaders
Types of Leadership
1. Dictatorial Leader
- accomplishes tasks through fear of
penalties
- maintains a highly critical and negative
attitudes with subordinates
- As a boss, such a leader expects
subordinates to perform well or be subject
to punishment or replacement
Types of Leadership…
2. Benevolent-autocratic leader
- assumes a paternalistic role which forces

subordinates to rely on the leader for their

satisfactions
- He makes decisions without the participation

of others
Types of Leadership…
3. Democratic leader
- Depend not only on their own capabilities but

encourage consultation with subordinates

- Subordinates are invited to participate in

planning, decision making and organizing
Types of Leadership…
 Laissez-fair leader- depends completely on
subordinates to establish their own goals and
make their own decisions.
SO WHAT IS THE BEST LEADERSHIP STYLE?

Contingency Approach
- Attempts to identify what factors that can
influence leadership behavior is more
important under a given set of circumstances
Contingency Approach…
- Attempt to predict the leadership style that

will be most effective under those

circumstances

4 Models:
1. Fiedler Model- assumes that it is difficult to
change the leadership traits, therefore
effective group performance can be achieved
by matching the manager to the situation or
changing the situation to fit the manager
Models…

2. Path-Goal Approach- emphasizes the

leaders role in clarifying for subordinates how
they can achieve high performance and its
associate rewards

- Focuses on the leader as a source of rewards

- attempts to predict how different types of
rewards and different leadership styles affect
the motivation, performance and satisfaction
Models…

4. Situational Theory- holds that the most

effective leadership styles vary with the
maturity of subordinates (i.e, the desire for
achievement, willingness to accept
responsibility etc)
THANK YOU!