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Axiomatic Structure of a Mathematical System in Geometry

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Activity 1

Axiomatic System
Theorem
Axiom

The Five Postulates

The Three Undefined Terms

Postulate
Defined Terms Corollary

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Axiom Postulate

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Axiom Postulate

Axiomatic System

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Axiom Postulate

Axiomatic System

Theorem

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Axiom Postulate

Axiomatic System

Theorem

Corollary Lemma

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Defined Terms

Axiom Postulate The Three Undefined Terms

Point

Axiomatic System
Line

Theorem Plane

Corollary Lemma
The Five Postulates

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Defined Terms

Axiom Postulate The Three Undefined Terms

Point

Axiomatic System
Line

Theorem Plane

Corollary Lemma
The Five Postulates

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Defined Terms

Axiom Postulate The Three Undefined Terms

Point

Axiomatic System
Line

Theorem Plane

Corollary Lemma
The Five Postulates

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Correspondence and Congruence

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SYMBOLS MEANING

AB The distance between points A and B

AB The segment whose endpoints are A and B

BAC The angle whose sides are AB and AC

mBAC The measure of BAC

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Definition:
Two angles with the same measure are congruent.

If mABC = m DEF then ABC DEF

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Definition:
Two segments with the same length are congruent.

If AB = CD then AB CD

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D
AEC DEF
A

E
C F

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SYMBOLS MEANING

ABC DEF The correspondence which matches A with D, B with E, and C with F

ABC DEF The correspondence ABC DEF is a congruence

ABC DEF The correspondence ABC DEF is a similarity

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Activity 2

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Activity 2

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Activity 2

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Activity 2

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∆ 𝐴𝑆𝐷 ≅ ∆ 𝐵𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝑆 ≅ 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝑆=𝐵𝐶=13 𝑐𝑚

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Proving Congruent Triangles

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! !

!
!

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! !

! ! ! !

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B D F

A C E
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B D F
!

!
A C E

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Given
Definition of congruent angles

For every triangle, the sum of the

measures of the angles is 180.

Transitive property
Substitution
Subtraction property
Definition of congruent angles
Given
ASA postulate
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A C

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B C
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𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐶 Given

∠ 𝐴≅∠ 𝐴 Reflexive property

∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐵 SAS Postulate

∠ 𝐵≅∠ 𝐶 CPCTC

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A A

B C B C
The correspondence 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶𝐵 is a congruence by SAS postulate

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B D C
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𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐶 Given

Let be the segment Every angle has exactly one bisector

that bisects

∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 Definition of angle bisector

𝐴𝐷 ≅ 𝐴𝐷 Reflexive property
∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐵 SAS Postulate
∠ 𝐵≅∠ 𝐶 CPCTC

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B D C
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𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐶 Given

Let D be the midpoint Every segment has exactly one midpoint

of

𝐵𝐷 ≅ 𝐶𝐷 Definition of midpoint

𝐴𝐷 ≅ 𝐴𝐷 Reflexive property
∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐵 SSS Postulate
∠ 𝐵≅∠ 𝐶 CPCTC

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Activity 3.1

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Activity 3.1

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Activity 3.1

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Activity 3.1

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Activity 3.1

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Draw FP parallel to AD
∠ 𝑃𝐹𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐸𝐷𝐵
∠ 𝐹𝑃𝐶 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 ∆ 𝑃𝐹𝐸 ≅ ∆ 𝐵 𝐷𝐸
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐶
𝐹𝐸 ≅ 𝐸𝐷
∠ 𝐹𝐶𝑃 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶
∠ 𝐹𝐶𝑃 ≅ ∠ 𝐹𝑃𝐶 𝐹𝐸=𝐸𝐷
𝐹𝐶 ≅ 𝐹𝑃
P 𝐹𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐷
𝐹𝑃 ≅ 𝐵𝐷
∠ 𝐹𝐸𝑃 ≅ ∠ 𝐷𝐸𝐵

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Draw FP parallel to AD Through a given external point, there is exactly one parallel to a given line
∠ 𝑃𝐹𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐸𝐷𝐵 Alternate interior angles are congruent
∠ 𝐹𝑃𝐶 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 Corresponding angles are congruent
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐶 Given
∠ 𝐹𝐶𝑃 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 Isosceles Triangle Theorem
∠ 𝐹𝐶𝑃 ≅ ∠ 𝐹𝑃𝐶 Transitive property
𝐹𝐶 ≅ 𝐹𝑃 Converse of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem
𝐹𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐷 Given
𝐹𝑃 ≅ 𝐵𝐷 Transitive property
∠ 𝐹𝐸𝑃 ≅ ∠ 𝐷𝐸𝐵 Vertical angles are congruent
∆ 𝑃𝐹𝐸 ≅ ∆ 𝐵 𝐷𝐸 SAA theorem
𝐹𝐸 ≅ 𝐸𝐷 CPCTC
𝐹𝐸=𝐸𝐷 Definition of congruent triangles

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Activity 3.2

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Activity 3.2

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Activity 3.2

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Activity 3.2

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1. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐹 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐹

∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐶
∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹

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1. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐹 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐹

∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐶
∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹
2. ∆ 𝐺𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐺 𝐹𝐶 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) ∠ 𝐺𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐺 𝐶𝐹
𝐺𝐵 ≅ 𝐺 𝐶

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1. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐹 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐹

∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐶
∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹
2. ∆ 𝐺𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐺 𝐹𝐶 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) ∠ 𝐺𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐺 𝐶𝐹
𝐺𝐵 ≅ 𝐺 𝐶
3 . ∆ 𝐴𝐺𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐺𝐶 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐷

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1. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐹 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐹

∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐶
∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹
2. ∆ 𝐺𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐺 𝐹𝐶 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) ∠ 𝐺𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐺 𝐶𝐹
𝐺𝐵 ≅ 𝐺 𝐶
3 . ∆ 𝐴𝐺𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐺𝐶 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐷
4. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 ( 𝐴𝑆𝐴) 𝐴𝐷 ≅ 𝐴 𝐸
𝐵𝐸 ≅ 𝐶 𝐷

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1. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐹 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐹

∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐶
∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹
2. ∆ 𝐺𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐺 𝐹𝐶 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) ∠ 𝐺𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐺 𝐶𝐹
𝐺𝐵 ≅ 𝐺 𝐶
3 . ∆ 𝐴𝐺𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐺𝐶 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐷
4. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 ( 𝐴𝑆𝐴) 𝐴𝐷 ≅ 𝐴 𝐸
𝐵𝐸 ≅ 𝐶 𝐷
5. ∆ 𝐴𝐷𝐺 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐸𝐺 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) 𝐷𝐺 ≅ 𝐸𝐺

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1. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐹 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐹

∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐶
∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹
2. ∆ 𝐺𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐺 𝐹𝐶 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) ∠ 𝐺𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐺 𝐶𝐹
𝐺𝐵 ≅ 𝐺 𝐶
3 . ∆ 𝐴𝐺𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐺𝐶 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐷
4. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 ( 𝐴𝑆𝐴) 𝐴𝐷 ≅ 𝐴 𝐸
𝐵𝐸 ≅ 𝐶 𝐷
5. ∆ 𝐴𝐷𝐺 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐸𝐺 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) 𝐷𝐺 ≅ 𝐸𝐺
6. ∆ 𝐵𝐷𝐺 ≅ ∆ 𝐶𝐸𝐺 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) 𝐵𝐷 ≅ 𝐶𝐸

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1. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐶𝐹 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝐴𝐹

∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐹𝐶
∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹
2. ∆ 𝐺𝐹𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐺 𝐹𝐶 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) ∠ 𝐺𝐵𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐺 𝐶𝐹
𝐺𝐵 ≅ 𝐺 𝐶
3 . ∆ 𝐴𝐺𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐺𝐶 (𝑆𝑆𝑆) ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐷
4. ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 ( 𝐴𝑆𝐴) 𝐴𝐷 ≅ 𝐴 𝐸
𝐵𝐸 ≅ 𝐶 𝐷
5. ∆ 𝐴𝐷𝐺 ≅ ∆ 𝐴 𝐸𝐺 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) 𝐷𝐺 ≅ 𝐸𝐺
6. ∆ 𝐵𝐷𝐺 ≅ ∆ 𝐶𝐸𝐺 (𝑆𝐴𝑆) 𝐵𝐷 ≅ 𝐶𝐸
7. ∆ 𝐵𝐷𝐶 ≅ ∆ 𝐶𝐸𝐵 (𝑆𝑆𝑆)

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Activity 3.3

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Activity 3.3

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Activity 3.3

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𝑃𝐸=𝐸𝐹
𝑃𝐵=𝐶𝐹 𝑃𝐸 =𝑃𝐵+ 𝐵𝐸
∆ 𝐷𝐵𝑃 ≅ ∆ 𝐷𝐶𝐹 𝑃𝐸=𝐶𝐹 + 𝐵𝐸
𝐸𝐹 =𝐶𝐹 + 𝐵𝐸
𝐷𝑃 =𝐷𝐹
𝐸𝐷 =𝐸𝐷 Perimeter
∠ 𝑃𝐷𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐹𝐷𝐸 ¿ 𝐴𝐸 + 𝐴𝐹 + 𝐶𝐹 + 𝐵𝐸
∆ 𝐷𝐸𝑃 ≅ ∆ 𝐷𝐸𝐹 ¿ 𝐴𝐸 + 𝐵𝐸 + 𝐴𝐹+ 𝐶𝐹
¿ 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶
𝐱 𝟔𝟎 𝐲 Perimeter
𝐲
P
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Right Triangle Congruence

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LL Theorem

LA Theorem

HA Theorem

HL Theorem

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LL Theorem

(SAS postulate)

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LA Theorem

(ASA postulate)

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LA Theorem

(SAA theorem)

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HA Theorem

(SAA theorem)

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HA Theorem

(SAA theorem)

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HL Theorem

! !

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Activity 4.1

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Activity 4.1

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Activity 4.1

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Activity 4.1

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Activity 4.1

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Activity 4.1

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Extend CE to a point P such that

∠𝐶𝐵𝑃 ≅ ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 𝑚 ∠ 𝑃𝐶𝐵=90 −𝑚 ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹
𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝐶𝐵 𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐴𝐶=90 −𝑚 ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹
𝑚 ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹 +𝑚 ∠ 𝑃𝐶𝐵=90 𝑚∠ 𝐷𝐴𝐶=𝑚∠ 𝑃𝐶𝐵
CE ⊥ 𝐴𝐷 ∠ 𝐷𝐴𝐶 ≅ ∠ 𝑃𝐶𝐵
𝑚 ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐹 +𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐴𝐶=90 ∆ 𝐶𝑃𝐵 ≅ ∆ 𝐴𝐷𝐶
P ∠𝐶𝐷𝐴 ≅ ∠ 𝐶𝐷𝐹 ≅ ∠ 𝐵𝑃𝐶 ∆ 𝐷𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∆ 𝑃𝐵𝐸
𝐶𝐷 ≅ 𝐵𝑃 ∠ 𝐵𝐷𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝐵𝑃𝐶
D is the midpoint of
∠ 𝐵𝐷𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐶 𝐷𝐹
𝐶𝐷 ≅ 𝐷𝐵
𝐷𝐵 ≅ 𝑃𝐵
𝐸𝐵 ≅ 𝐸𝐵
∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐸 ≅ ∠ 𝑃𝐵𝐸
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Activity 4.2

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Activity 4.2

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Activity 4.2

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Activity 4.2

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Activity 4.2

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Activity 4.2

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Activity 4.2

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Triangle Inequalities

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𝑎− 𝑏=𝑐
𝑐 >0
𝑎 − 𝑏> 0
𝑎 >𝑏

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𝐃
𝑚∠ 𝐷𝐶𝐸=𝑚∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐶+𝑚∠ 𝐵𝐷𝐶
𝑎= 𝑏 + 𝑐

𝑎 >𝑏 𝐂𝐄
𝐁
𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐶𝐸>𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐶

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𝐃
𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐶𝐸 =90
𝑚∠ 𝐷𝐶𝐸=𝑚∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐶+𝑚∠ 𝐵𝐷𝐶
𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐶𝐸>𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐶
0 >𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑚 ∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐶 < 90𝐁 𝐂𝐄
is an acute angle

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𝐀
Restatement: In , then .

Extend AC to a point D such that

∠ ABD ≅ ∠ ADB 𝑚∠ ABD=𝑚∠ ADB

𝑚∠ ABD=𝑚∠ ABC +m∠ 𝐶𝐵𝐷 𝐁 𝐂

𝑚∠ ABD>𝑚∠ ABC
𝑚∠ ADB>𝑚∠ ABC 𝐃
𝑚∠ ACB>𝑚∠ ADB

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BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

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BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Super Easy 1

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Super Easy 2

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Super Easy 3

Answer: b

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Super Easy 4

Answer: d

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Super Easy 5

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Very Easy 1

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Very Easy 2

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Very Easy 3

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Very Easy 4

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Very Easy 5

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Easy 1

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Easy 2

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Easy 3

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Easy 4

Answer:

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Activity 5 (Contest Round)

Easy 5

Answer:

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Activity 6

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Activity 6

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Activity 6

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Activity 6

𝐃𝐁 𝐂

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Activity 6

𝐵𝐷+𝐷𝐶 > 𝐴𝐵+ 𝐴𝐶

𝐃

𝐁 𝐂

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