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KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
2015
SPECIFICATIONS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
THE MOLE
INTRODUCTION
This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students understand
selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the requirements of
the AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other examination boards.
Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it
may be used for classroom teaching if an interactive white board is available.
Accompanying notes on this, and the full range of AS and A2 topics, are
available from the KNOCKHARDY SCIENCE WEBSITE at...
www.knockhardy.org.uk/sci.htm
Navigation is achieved by using the left and right arrow keys on the keyboard
THE MOLE
CONTENTS
• What is a mole and why do we use it?
• Calculating the number of moles of a single substance
• Reacting mass calculations
• Solutions and moles
• Standard solutions
• Volumetric calculations
• Molar volume calculations
THE MOLE
Before you start it would be helpful to…
DON’T BE
LEFT IN THE
DARK!
THE MOLE
WHAT IS A MOLE ?
it is the standard unit of amount of a substance -
it is just a number, a very big number
it is a way of saying a number in words, just like...
WHAT IS A MOLE ?
it is the standard unit of amount of a substance -
it is just a number, a very big number
it is a way of saying a number in words, just like...
HOW BIG IS IT ?
602200000000000000000000 (Approximately)... THAT’S BIG !!!
It is a lot easier to write it as... 6.022 x 1023
THE MOLE
WHAT IS A MOLE ?
it is the standard unit of amount of a substance -
it is just a number, a very big number
it is a way of saying a number in words, just like...
HOW BIG IS IT ?
602200000000000000000000 (Approximately)... THAT’S BIG !!!
It is a lot easier to write it as... 6.022 x 1023
It is also known as... AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
It doesn’t matter what the number is as long as everybody sticks to the same value !
THE MOLE
WHY USE IT ?
Using moles tells you... how many particles you get in a certain mass
the mass of a certain number of particles
AND Keep trying, you will get the idea ... EVENTUALLY!
THE MOLE – AN OVERVIEW
Using moles tells you :- how many particles you get in a certain mass
the mass of a certain number of particles
THE MOLE
CALCULATING THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF A SINGLE SUBSTANCE
MOLES = MASS
MOLAR MASS MASS
MOLES x MOLAR
moles = mass / molar mass MASS
mass = moles x molar mass
COVER UP THE VALUE YOU
molar mass = mass / moles WANT AND THE METHOD
OF CALCULATION IS
REVEALED
UNITS
mass g or kg
molar mass g mol-1 or kg mol-1
MOLES OF A SINGLE SUBSTANCE
MASS
MOLES x MOLAR
MASS
MOLES OF A SINGLE SUBSTANCE
MOLES x MOLAR
MASS
MOLES OF A SINGLE SUBSTANCE
MASS
MOLES x MOLAR
MASS
2. What is the mass of 0.25 mol of Na2CO3 ?
6. What mass of HCl will react with 1 mole of CaCO3 ? 2 x 36.5g = 73g
4. How many moles of HCl are in 20cm3 of 0.1M HCl? 0.1 x 20 = 0.002 moles
1000
6. What is the mass of 0.001 moles of CaCO3? mass = moles x molar mass
= 0.001 x 100 = 0.1 g
25cm3
250cm3 250cm3
THE MOLE
CALCULATING THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF SOLUTE IN A SOLUTION
25cm3
250cm3 250cm3
25cm3
250cm3 250cm3
25cm3
250cm3 250cm3
25cm3
250cm3 250cm3
25cm3
250cm3 250cm3
WRONG 1g
Dissolve 1g of solute in 250cm 3
WRONG 1g
Dissolve 1g of solute in 250cm 3
WATER WATER
RIGHT
Dissolve 1g of solute in water
1g
and then add enough water to 250cm3
make 250cm3 of solution
STANDARD SOLUTION
‘ONE WHOSE CONCENTRATION IS KNOWN ACCURATELY’
no. of moles in 1000cm3 (1dm3) = 4 x 0.04 = 0.16 mol ANS. 0.16 mol dm-3
STANDARD SOLUTION
How to work out how much to weigh out
ANS. The chemist will have to weigh out 2.650g, dissolve it in water
and then make the solution up to 250cm3 in a graduated flask.
STANDARD SOLUTION
How to work out how much to weigh out
ANS. The chemist will have to weigh out 2.650g, dissolve it in water
and then make the solution up to 250cm3 in a graduated flask.
VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS
Calculate the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxide if 20cm3 is
neutralised by 25cm3 of hydrochloric acid of concentration 0.100 mol dm-3.
VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS
Calculate the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxide if 20cm3 is
neutralised by 25cm3 of hydrochloric acid of concentration 0.100 mol dm-3.
2. Get a molar relationship between the reactants moles of NaOH = moles of HCl
you need ONE NaOH for every ONE HCl
VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS
Calculate the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxide if 20cm3 is
neutralised by 25cm3 of hydrochloric acid of concentration 0.100 mol dm-3.
2. Get a molar relationship between the reactants moles of NaOH = moles of HCl
you need ONE NaOH for every ONE HCl
2. Get a molar relationship between the reactants moles of NaOH = moles of HCl
you need ONE NaOH for every ONE HCl
4. Look at the molar relationship and insert (i) and (ii) moles of NaOH = moles of HCl
M x 20/1000 = 0.100 x 25/1000
VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS
Calculate the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxide if 20cm3 is
neutralised by 25cm3 of hydrochloric acid of concentration 0.100 mol dm-3.
2. Get a molar relationship between the reactants moles of NaOH = moles of HCl
you need ONE NaOH for every ONE HCl
4. Look at the molar relationship and insert (i) and (ii) moles of NaOH = moles of HCl
M x 20/1000 = 0.100 x 25/1000
2. Get a molar relationship between the reactants moles of NaOH = moles of HCl
you need ONE NaOH for every ONE HCl
4. Look at the molar relationship and insert (i) and (ii) moles of NaOH = moles of HCl
M x 20/1000 = 0.100 x 25/1000