Chapter 5

Chemical Calculations
PART 1
MOLE AND AVOGADRO’S CONSTANT

dozen
Measuring Matter

• Each of these different ways to measure apples

can be equated to a dozen apples.
• By count: 1 dozen apples = 12 apples
• By mass: 1 dozen apples = 2.0 kg apples
These are approximations for average-sized apples.
• Think about counting eggs.

• It’s easier when the eggs are grouped into

dozens.
• A dozen is a
specified number
(12) of things.
 Counting with Moles
• Chemists also use a unit that is a specified number of particles,
most often atoms or molecules.

• Chemical amounts are measured in moles

The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance

•
One mole of a substance contains the same number of the
stated particles, atoms, molecules, or ions

• One mole contains 6.02 x 1023 particles (e.g. atoms, ions,

molecules); this number is known as the Avogadro Constant
❑ For example:

✓ One mole of sodium (Na) contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms of

sodium
✓ One mole of hydrogen (H2) contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules
of hydrogen
Grams to moles conversion

If you know the mass of a substance, you can calculate the

number of moles.
Practice Question
1. Calculate the number of atoms in 2.45 moles of copper
2. A silver ring contains 1.1 x 1022 silver atoms. How
many moles of silver are in the ring?
3. What is the mass of 5 moles of Helium?
Mass = moles x Mr
= 5 mol x 4 g/mol
= 20 g

4. How many moles are in 2.64 g of sucrose, C12H22O11

Moles = Mass : Mr
= 2.64 g : 342.3 g/mol
= 7.71 x 10-3 mol