MANUFACTURING,STORAGE,DISTRIBUTION,

AND BREAKDOWN OF ORGANELLES

MANUFACTURING,STORAGE,DISTRIBUTION,
AND BREAKDOWN OF ORGANELLES
MANUFACTURING,STORAGE,DISTRIBUTION,
AND BREAKDOWN OF ORGANELLES

VACUOLES
 VACUOLES

 Is a fluid-filled sac for the storaage of materials needed by the cell that
includes water, food molecules, inorganic ions, and enzymes
 In animals they contain many small vacuoles, while plants have only one
big central vacuole, it mostly takes up the most space in a plant cell.
 The central vacuole is filled with watery fluid that strenthen the cell and
supports the structure of the plant.
 Aside from water, the central vacuole may contain other substances to
defend againsts predetors, waste products, and pigments that give the plant
colour.
MANUFACTURING,STORAGE,DISTRIBUTION,
AND BREAKDOWN OF ORGANELLES
 MANUFACTURING,STORAGE,DISTRIBUTION,
AND BREAKDOWN OF ORGANELLES

LYSOSOME
S
 LYSOSOMES

• Are round-shaped, membrane-bound structures containing chemicals

needed to break down materials in the cell.
• Those enzymes are called Lysozomes these are powerful enzymes which
can defend the cell from foriegn threats such as bacterias and viruses.
They also breakdown damaged cell parts.
• Lysosomes are numerous in animal cells compared to plant cells
• Thier presence in plant cell has left scientist questioning, hovever others
assert that plant have lysosomes, though fewer that animal cells.
MANUFACTURING,STORAGE,DISTRIBUTION,
AND BREAKDOWN OF ORGANELLES
MANUFACTURING,STORAGE,DISTRIBUTION,
AND BREAKDOWN OF ORGANELLES

PEROXISOME
S
 PEROXISOMES

 Similar to lysosomes they also exist as small vsicles around the cell, they
are surrounded by a single membrane containing enzymes for breaking
down toxic material.
 Just like lysosomes though they have digestive enzymes they still need
oxygen.
 they absorbe nutrients that had been acquired by the cell, the enzymes they
have break down complex molecules into smaller molecules.
 Perixisomes also help in breaking down alcohol in the body, because of
this there would be more perixisomes in your liver that any part of your
body.
ENERGY-PRODUCING ORGANELLES
ENERGY-PRODUCING ORGANELLES
 ENERGY-PRODUCING ORGANELLES

MITOCHONDRI
A
 MITOCHONDRIA

 Commonly known as the power house of the cell, the mitochondria are
round to oval-shaped organelles and have two membranes
 The inner membrane - has many folds that increase its surface area, within
these are a series of chemical reactions that converter molecules from the
food you eat to usable energy.
 Unlike other organelles the mitochondria has it’s owd ribosomes and
DNA, suggesting that mitochondria’s were originaly free-living
prokaryotes that were taken by larger cell.
ENERGY-PRODUCING ORGANELLES
ENERGY-PRODUCING ORGANELLES

PLASTIDS
 PLASTIDS
• Are organelles that hellp the plant convert solar energy to chemical energy
that cells can use, this process is called photosynthesis and is caried out by
the Chloroplast.
• Similar to the mitochondria they have compartments, the same as the
mitochondria it has both an outer membrane and an inner membrane
• Thylakoids are sacked shaped and are often found in the choloroplasts
membrane.
• These also contain cholorophyll, a light absorbent pigement that gives plants
thier green colour
• These are organized into a stack called granum
• Stroma is a liquid portion of the chloroplast, chloroplast can be seen in
certain other organism like algae
• like mitochondria they also have thier own ribosomes and DNA