PRACTICAL RESEARCH

GRADE 11
RESEARCH
ETHICS
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
You may have encountered the word ethics
several times. For example, you might have heard
or be familiar with the terms medical ethics,
business ethics, teaching ethics, or classroom
ethics.

Ethics, in simple words, are norms for

conduct that distinguish between acceptable and
unacceptable behavior. As an important human
activity. research has also its own set of ethics.
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
Research ethics establishes the moral
integrity of the researchers which is crucial as it
ensures that the research findings are valid and
trustworthy.

The following is a general summary of some

ethical principles that researchers must observed
(Note: Adapted from Shamoo, A. and D. Resnik.
Responsible Conduct of Research, 2nd ed. New
York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH

1. Honesty. Strive for honesty in all scientific

communications. Honestly report data, results,
methods and procedures, and publication status.
Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
2. Objectivity. Strive to avoid bias in experimental
design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer
review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert
testimony, and other aspects of research where
objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or
minimize bias or self-deception.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
3. Integrity. Keep your promises and agreements,
act with sincerity, strive for consistency of thought
and action.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
4. Carefulness. Avoid careless errors and
negligence; carefully and critically examine your
own work. Keep good records of research activities
such as data collection, research design, and
correspondence with agencies.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
5. Openness. Share data, results, ideas, tools,
resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
6. Respect for Intellectual Property. Honor
patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual
property. Do not use unpublished data, methods,
or results without permission. Give credit where
credit is due. Give proper acknowledgement or
credit for all contributions to research. Never
plagiarize.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
7. Confidentiality. Protect confidential
communications and personal information of your
respondents, if any.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH

8. Social Responsibility. Strive to promote social

good and prevent or mitigate social harms through
research, public education, and advocacy.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH

9. Competence. Maintain and improve your own

professional competence and expertise through
lifelong education and learning.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH

10. Legality. Know and obey relevant laws and

institutional and governmental policies.
TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH

11. Animal Care. Show proper respect and care

for animals when using them in research. Do 6 not
conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal
experiments.
 TOPIC 1.2
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 11

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
12. Human Subjects Protection. When
conducting research on human subjects, minimize
harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect
human dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take
special precautions with vulnerable populations;
and strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of
research fairly.
THANK
YOU