Chapter 2 Energy and Matter

2.3
Temperature Conversions

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Temperature

Temperature
• is a measure of how hot or cold an
object is compared to another object.
• indicates that heat flows from the
object with a higher temperature to
the object with a lower temperature.
• is measured using a thermometer.

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Temperature Scales

Temperature
Scales

• are Fahrenheit,
Celsius, and
Kelvin.
• have reference
points for the
boiling and
freezing points
of water.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Learning Check

A. What is the temperature of freezing water?

1) 0°F 2) 0°C 3) 0 K

B. What is the temperature of boiling water?

1) 100°F 2) 32°F 3) 373 K

C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and

freezing points of water?
1) 100 2) 180 3) 273

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Solution

A. What is the temperature of freezing water?

2) 0°C

B. What is the temperature of boiling water?

3) 373 K

C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and

freezing points of water?
1) 100

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Fahrenheit Formula

• On the Fahrenheit scale, there are 180°F between the

freezing and boiling points and on the Celsius scale,
there are 100°C.
180°F = 9°F = 1.8°F
100°C 5°C 1°C
• In the formula for the Fahrenheit temperature, adding
32 adjusts the zero point of water from 0°C to 32°F.
TF = 9/5 TC + 32
or
TF = 1.8 TC + 32

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Celsius Formula

• TC is obtained by rearranging the equation for TF.

TF = 1.8TC + 32
• Subtract 32 from both sides.
TF - 32 = 1.8TC ( +32 - 32)
TF - 32 = 1.8TC
• Divide by 1.8 = °F - 32 = 1.8 TC
1.8 1.8
TF - 32 = TC
1.8

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Solving A Temperature Problem

A person with hypothermia has a

body temperature of 34.8°C.
What is that temperature in °F?

TF = 1.8 TC + 32

TF = 1.8 (34.8°C) + 32°

exact tenth's exact

= 62.6 + 32°
= 94.6°F
tenth’s Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Learning Check

The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8°F.

What is that temperature on the Celsius scale?

1) 73.8°C
2) 58.8°C
3) 41.0°C

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Solution

3) 41.0 °C

TC = (TF - 32°)
1.8
= (105.8 - 32°)
1.8
= 73.8°F = 41.0°C
1.8°

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Learning Check

A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455°F. What

temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?

1) 423°C
2) 235°C
3) 221°C

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Solution

A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455°F. What

temperature is needed on the Celsius scale?

2) 235°C

TF - 32° = TC
1.8

(455 - 32°) = 235°C

1.8

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Learning Check

On a cold winter day, the temperature is –15°C.

What is that temperature in °F?

1) 19°F
2) 59°F
3) 5°F

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Solution

3) 5°F

TF = 1.8 TC + 32

TF = 1.8(–15°C) + 32°
= – 27 + 32°
= 5°F

Note: Be sure to use the change sign key on your

calculator to enter the minus – sign.
1.8 x 15 +/ – = –27

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Kelvin Temperature Scale

The Kelvin temperature scale

• has 100 units between the freezing and boiling points
of water.
100 K = 100°C or 1 K = 1°C

• is obtained by adding 273 to the Celsius temperature.

TK = TC + 273

• contains the lowest possible temperature, absolute

zero (0 K).
0K = –273°C

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Temperatures
TABLE 2.5

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Learning Check

What is normal body temperature of 37°C in Kelvins?

1) 236 K
2) 310. K
3) 342 K

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Solution

What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins?

2) 310. K

TK = TC + 273
= 37°C + 273
= 310. K

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