Draught-Part-2

Presented By:
Shaik Nayeem
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering
Lecture Details: GIET(A)
Draught
TE /Mechanical Engineering, II Year-II Semester.
 IC ENGINES

AIR- COMPRESSORS
TE

BOILERS

STEAM NOZZLES AND STEAM CONDENSERS

STEAM TURBINES
 Youtube link for Boiler animations:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWIIYPfBrvg
Contents
• Draught Losses
• Artificial Draught
• Forced Draught
• Induced Draught
• Balanced Draught
• Advantages of Mechanical Draught
• Power Required to Drive Fan
• Steam Jet Draught
• Problem:1
• Problem:2
• Problem:3
• Summary
Draught Losses
Artificial Draught
 Total draught required may vary from 30 to 350 mm of water column
 So, it is not possible to build a chimney high enough to produce draught of
such large magnitude.
 To meet this requirement artificial draught system should be used.
Forced Draught
 In a mechanical draught system, the draught is produced by a fan.
 In forced draught system, a blower or a fan is installed near or at the base
of the boiler to force the air through the fuel bed and other passages
through the furnace, flues, air preheater, economiser etc.
 It is a positive pressure draught.
 The enclosure for the furnace has to very highly sealed so that the gases
from the furnace do not leak out in the boiler house.
Induced Draught
 In this system a fan or blower is located at or near the base of the chimney.
 The pressure over the fuel bed is reduced below that of the atmosphere.
 By creating a partial vacuum in the furnace, the products of combustion are
drawn from the main flue and they pass up to the chimney.
 This draught is used when economisers and air preheaters are incorporated
in the system.
Balanced Draught
 It is the combination of induced and forced draught systems.
 In this system forced draught fan overcomes the resistance in the air
preheater and chain grate.
 Where as induced draught overcomes the draught losses through boiler,
economiser, air preheater and connecting flues.
Advantages of Mechanical Draught
Power Required to Drive Fan
Fan efficiency =

Power=

Power delivered=pV

Considering for air

Power Required to Drive Fan(Cont…)

Let = 273 k, =, = , =1

==V
Power Required to Drive Fan(Cont…)

Let = 273 k, =, = , =1

After combustion

𝑚𝑎 +1 𝑚𝑎 +1 273
𝜌𝑔 = 𝜌 𝑎 , 𝜌𝑔 = 𝑋
𝑚𝑎 𝑚𝑎 𝑉 0 𝑇𝑔
Power Required to Drive Fan(Cont…)
Steam Jet Draught
 It is a simple and easy method of producing artificial draught.
 It may be forced or induced type depending upon the location of the steam
jet.
 If the steam jet is directed into the smoke box near the stack, the air induced
through the flues, the grate and ash pit to the smoke box.
 If the jet is located before the grate, air is forced through the fuel bed,
furnace and flues to the chimney.
Steam Jet Draught(Cont…)
 Advantages:

1. Very simple and economical.

2. Occupies minimum space.
3. Requires very little attention.
4. In forced type steam jet draught, the steam keeps the fire bars cool.
5. Several classes of low grade fuels can be used with this system.
Problem:1
Problem:1(Cont…)
Problem:2
Problem:2(Cont…)
Problem:2(Cont…)
Problem:3
Problem:3(Cont…)
Problem:3(Cont…)
Summary
 Total draught required may vary from 30 to 350 mm of water column.

 In a mechanical draught system, the draught is produced by a fan

 In forced draught system, a blower or a fan is installed near or at the base of

the boiler to force the air through the cool bed and other passages through

the furnace, flues, air preheater, economiser etc.