BasicAnatomy and Physiology of

Cardiovascular System
dr. Muhammad Isra Tuasikal, SpJP, FIHA
dr. Muhammad Isra Tuasikal, SpJP, FIHA
Education
Medical Doctor
• Faculty of Medicine Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java
Cardiologist
• Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia,
National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta

Research
• Relationship Between Iron Deficiency and Quantitative Myocardial Blush in
Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST Segment Elevation
Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
• The Effect of Caffeinated Coffee on Blood Pressure: Systematic Review
(Author)
• Ebstein’s Anomaly: A Perfect Substrate for Cardiac Arrhythmias (Author)
• Advanced Heart Failure: Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Cardiologist
Recurrent Heart Failure Admission (Co-Author) RSUP dr. Johannes Leimena,
Kota Ambon
BasicAnatomy and Physiology of
Cardiovascular System
dr. Muhammad Isra Tuasikal, SpJP, FIHA
Agenda
Topics Covered

ANATOMY

PHYSIOLOGY

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Location, Size, & Shape of Heart
• The shape of the heart is similar to a pinecone
• A typical heart is approximately the size of your fist: 12 cm in length, 8 cm wide,
and 6 cm in thickness
• Anterior thoracic cavity, inside mediastinum
 Basic Concept
“Pumps”

Heart

Cardio-
vascular
“Fluids” System “Pipelines”

Blood Vasculature

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

Silverthorn 7th Ed. Human Physiology, An Integrated Approach
Internal Structures of the Heart

• 4 chambers
• 2 septae
• 4 valves
+ 2 great vessels
Layers of the Heart

Composed of three layers (from outside to inside):

1.epicardium - the same tissue as the visceral pericardium

2.myocardium - makes up most of heart wall, composed of
cardiac muscle tissue (which is made of uninucleated cardiac
muscle cells
3.endocardium - a thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the
heart chambers
 The Muscle

• About 1% are able to generate action potentials itself

 “pacemaker” cells.
• Another 99% are contractile cells.
• Substrate omnivore (fatty acids – glucose)
• High demands of energy for sustainable contraction.
Cardiac Valves

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

Circulation through the Heart
Systemic
circulation

Pulmonary
circulation

Systemic
circulation

Silverthorn 7th Ed. Human Physiology, An Integrated Approach.

Coronary Circulation
• Coronary arteries supply the myocardium continuously with the nutrients and
oxygen the tissue needs to survive and continue functioning
Who Control The Heart to Beats?

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

Who Control The Heart to Beats?

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

Conduction System

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

 Pacemaker Activity

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

Conduction System

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

Atrial Fibrillation

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

Atrial Fibrillation

1. Most common arrythmia

2. 1% of all populations
3. 20% of all stroke caused by atrial fibrillation
4. Atrial fibrillation increased the risk of stroke
by 3 to 5 times

Sherwood 9th Ed. Human Physiology from Cell to System

Thank you!