UNIVERSITY OF

PREVIOUSLY ON LESSON 2………… NOTTINGHA

M

Quick Revision Integrate the following: 𝜋

2
4 𝑥+1
∫
i) 2
ii)
∫ 2¿¿
¿ −5
∫ 2+𝑒−3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 iii) ¿ ¿
−1 𝜋
3

iv)
∫ ¿¿
2 2
Answer 𝜋 𝜋
4 9
𝑒 +𝑒
(| |)
1 𝑒 3 (2 𝑒 6 +1) 5
i) − ii) −
5
ln iii) 𝜋 2+
12 ¿ ¿ 6 2+𝑒 3 72 13 𝜋 2
36
𝑒
1
iv) − sin 𝑥 +cos (¿ 2+ln |𝑥|)+𝑐 ¿

Integration by Long division / Partial Fraction page 1 of 9

 Global UNIVERSITY OF
TOP 100 NOTTINGHA
University M

Chapter 3: Integration by Long Division and Partial

Fraction
Learning Outcomes

 Identify and integrate a rational function using partial fraction and/or long
division

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction page 2 of 9

 UNIVERSITY OF
Integration by Long Division and Partial Fraction NOTTINGHA
M

Whenever is a rational function (division of polynomials), e.g.

Then,

use either Long Division and Partial Fraction OR Partial Fraction only.

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA
M

the purpose of using either Long Division(LD) and Partial Fraction(PF) is to decompose the
given polynomial expression into more simple and convenient form to integrate.

When do we use LD or PF ??

i) Long division When Degree (Numerator) Degree (Denominator)

3 2 2
𝑥 +2𝑥 − 5𝑥+10 2 𝑥 −5 𝑥+10
Eg i : ∫ 2𝑥 2+3 𝑥−1 𝑑𝑥 eg ii: ∫ 2 𝑥2 +3 𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥
@
Degree (Numerator) Degree (Denominator)
ii) Partial Fraction(PF) When

2𝑥 2 −5 𝑥+10
eg : ∫ (𝑥+1)(𝑥 2+2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction
Example 1 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type M

( )
2
𝑥 +3 𝑥 +5
eg 1) Evaluate
∫ 𝑥+2
𝑑𝑥

eg 1) Solution
𝑃 𝑃
Using Long division- since 𝑁 >𝐷

( 𝑥2 +3 𝑥 +5
𝑥 +2
=𝑥 +1+ ) 3
𝑥 +2

( ) ( )
2
𝑥 +3 𝑥+5 3
∫ 𝑥+2
𝑑𝑥=∫ 𝑥+1+
𝑥+2
𝑑𝑥

∫ ( 𝑥+2 ) 𝑑𝑥= 2 +𝑥+3ln|𝑥+2|+𝑐

2 2
𝑥 +3 𝑥+5 𝑥

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

Example 2 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type M

( )
2
𝑥 +3 𝑥 +6
eg 2) Evaluate ∫ (𝑥 +1)(2 𝑥 +1)
𝑑𝑥

eg 2) Solution
𝑃 𝑃
Using Long division- since 𝑁 =𝐷 Decompose this by Partial Fraction since

( )
3 11 deg(N) < deg(D) for this term
2 𝑥+
𝑥 +3 𝑥 +6 1 2 2
∫ (𝑥 +1)(2 𝑥+1) 𝑑𝑥=∫ 3
+ 11
(𝑥+1)(2 𝑥+1)
2 𝑥+
𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥 +3 𝑥 +6 1 2 2
= +
( 𝑥 +1) (2 𝑥 +1) 2 ( 𝑥 +1)(2 𝑥 +1)

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

Example 2 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type M

( )
2
𝑥 +3 𝑥 +6
eg 2) Evaluate ∫ (𝑥 +1)(2 𝑥 +1)
𝑑𝑥

eg 2) Solution
𝑃 𝑃
Using Long division- since 𝑁 =𝐷

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

Example 3 Part 1 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type

M

( )
3
iii) 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 −7
∫ 𝑥 2 ( 𝑥 +2) 𝒅𝒙
deg ⁡( 𝑁 )=3
By Long Division: deg ⁡( 𝐷)=3repeatedroots(𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡0𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑐𝑒)¿

, , ,

Hence,

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction page 8 of 9

Example 3 Part 2 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type

M

( )
3
iii) 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 −7
∫ 𝑥 2 ( 𝑥 +2) 𝒅𝒙

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

Example 4 Part 1 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type

M

2
2 𝑥 +3 𝑥−6
i)
∫ (𝑥+2)(𝑥 2+3 𝑥− 4) 𝑑𝑥 (Not complex roots)

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

Example 4 Part 2 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type

M

2
2 𝑥 +3 𝑥−6
i)
∫ (𝑥+2)(𝑥 2+3 𝑥− 4) 𝑑𝑥

OR, we can bring the constant into the logarithm by letting

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

Example 5 Part 1 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type

M

ii)
( )
(𝟑𝒙 +𝟏)
∫ ( 𝒙 −𝟏 ) (𝒙+𝟏)( 𝒙+𝟑) 𝒅𝒙

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

Example 5 Part 2 UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA

Rational Function of Type

M

3𝑥+1
ii)
∫ (𝑥 −1)(𝑥+1)(𝑥+3) 𝑑𝑥

OR, we can bring the constant into the logarithm by letting

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction

Exercises : UNIVERSITY OF
NOTTINGHA
M

Evaluate the following integration:

( )
3 2 2
𝑥 − 2𝑥 +5𝑥 −6 (3𝑥+1)(𝑥−2)
i)
∫ 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 ii)
∫ (3 𝑥−1)
𝑑𝑥
1

Answer:

||
3 2
𝑥 3 2 𝑥 4 10 1 10 2
i)
− 𝑥 +8 𝑥 −14 ln|𝑥+1|+𝑐 ii)
− 𝑥 − ln|3𝑥 −1|+𝑐 := − ln
3 2 2 3 9 6 9 5

Chapter 3 Integration – long division and Partial Fraction