STEADY STATE

THEORY
•
The Basics
Who: Hermann Bondi,
Thomas Gold, and Sir Fred
Hoyle

• When: 1948

• Where: Earth

• What: Proposed the Steady

State Theory

• Why: An alternative theory

to the Big Bang
 The Theory
•The universe is always the
same, all the time, always
static, always contracting or
expanding.
 THE LOGIC
• Based on theoretical mathematical
calculations
• No sudden beginning to universe
• Decrease in density caused by expansion
balanced by continuous creation of matter
condensing into galaxies
• Maintain forever present appearance of
the universe
 The Workings
• Reservoir of energy is negative:
Expansion and creation work against each
other
• Small number of atoms needed annually to
maintain steady state
 The Contributions

• Explains hydrogen and helium abundance

in the universe
• Contributes to Wheeler-Feynman Theory
 The Refutation
• Distribution of Radio
Sources

• 1966: Discovery of
Quasars

• Cosmic Background
Radiation
 The Meaning
• Radio galaxies and quasars occur only
at very large distances

• Implies red-shift
• Thus, evolution of universe
 The Conclusion

• The Big Bang Model prevails present day

• Steady State theory helped to prove Big
Bang through its testability
 The Works Cited

• The Steady State Universe. Accessed 25

March, 2006.
http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/study/
sci/cosmo/internal/steady.htm
• “Steady State Universe.” Wikipedia. 11
March, 2004. Accessed 25 March, 2006.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_
universe
 Activity No. 2
• Make a Venn Diagram comparing
The Big Bang Theory and the Steady State Theory.
You can Refer your ideas from your notebooks and
copied power points in your cell phones.
example:

Big bang Steady

theory State
Theory