It protects to the

The atmosphere
rays ultraviolets
It contains oxygen
and carbon dioxide

THE
The liquid water is abundant
BIOSPHERE

The distance Is 150

millions kilometres
from the sun from the sun
 All living things have common characteristics to distinguish
them from non-living things.
• Non living things are made up of inorganic matter .
• All living things have six most biolements . There are:
Living carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen sulphur and
phosphorus.
Combine this bioelements, producing biomolecules that
things and may be:
Organic matter . Carbohydrates , lipids , proteins ,
and nucleic acids.
non-living Inorganic matter . Water and mineral salts .
The characteristics to identify a living things are:
things  Composed of bioelements .
 Made up of cells .
 Three vital functions of nutrition , interaction and
reproduction .
Nutrition
• Nu t r it io n . T he re ar e tw o ty p e s :

Au t o t r o p h ic n u t r it io n . C a p tu re s u n lig h t , m in e r a l s a lt s ,
wa t e r a nd c a r b o n d io x id e to tra n s fo rm in to o r g a n ic
m a t t e r a n d o x y g e n . Pla n t s , a lg a e a nd s o m e b a c t e r ia a re
a u to tro p h s .

He t e r o t r o p h ic n u t r it io n . T he y c a n n ot p ro d u c e t h eir o w n
fo o d . Th e y o bt a in e ne rg y b y fe e din g ot h er liv ing th in gs .
Th e ty p e s a re:

He r b iv o r e s , c a r n iv o r e s , o m n iv o r e s a n d s a p r o t r o p h s .

An im a ls , f u n g i a n d p r o t o z o a n s a re h e te ro tro p h s .
Interaction

• Interaction. Is the ability of organisms to

obtain information about changes in the
enviroment or in their organisms and
adapt to these changes. The changes are
called stimuli and the adaptions or the
reactions are called responses
REPRODUCTION

Is the capacity of living things to produce

a new living things identical or similar

• Asexual reproduction. A cell is divided and produce two

or more identical cells
• Sexual reproduction. A male and a female join the
gametes to produce a cygot, similar to themselves.
Cells: the units of life
• Prokaryotic cells. This unicellular bacteria don´t have nucleus.
They have a cell wall, the DNA dispersed in the cytoplasm, the
cell membrane, the flagellum, to provide movement. Some
bacterias have fimbria, to catch the surfaces

• Eukaryotic cells. This multicellular cells have nucleus. The two

types are:

Animal cell. It have a small vacuole, a cell membrane and

organelles, such as mitochondrion and centrosome.

Plant cell. A diference between animal cell are that the

vacuole is biggest, they have an organelle that is called
chloroplast, to produce the photosyntesis and have cell wall.
THE
MICROSCOPE

The m i cr o scop e have tw o le ns e s ,

the ocula r a nd the obj e ctive .

Robe r t H ooke wi ew ed a sl i ce o f
cor k wi th a b a si c m i cr osco pe, tha t
i s a p pea r ed to be ti ny em p ty
sp a ces, w i ch he ca l l ed ce lls .
 THE ASPECT
OF CELLS
The size of cells measure between 5 and
50 microns.
Cells come in a wide variety: cylindrical,
spherical, star-shaped, polygonal and
disc-like.
• In unicellular organisms, shape is how
they adapted to the enviroment.
• In multicellular organisms, shape is to
the function of the cell perfom.
Cells that perform the same
function forming together tissue
 This system of classification of
Carl Linnaeus, was
called binominal
nomenclature.
Organisms are classified into
taxa´s groups. The seven
Classifyng taxonomic levels are:

organisms Kingdom Phylum

Class Order

Family Genus

Species
 The five kingdoms
Type Type of cell Nutrition Reproduction Example Curiosities

Monerans Prokaryotic Autotrophs or Asexual Bacteria

UnicellularHeterotrophsCuriosities
heterotrophs

Protoctists Eukaryotic Autotrophs, algae. Sexual and Algae

Both Heterotrophs, asexual

protozoans

Fungi Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Sexual and Mushroom They can´t move from
Both asexual one place to another

Plants Eukaryotic Autotrophs Sexual and Aloe Vera They can move, but
Multicellular asexual not from one place to
another

Animals Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Sexual and in Bear They have senses

Multicellular some cases, organs
asexual