RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

BIOMASS
ENERGY
BIOENERGY WHAT IS IT?

Bioenergy (a word often used

interchangeably with biofuel) is energy
derived from biomass, which are plant-
and animal-based materials taken from
renewable sources.
FIRST-GENERATION BIOFUELS

comes from food crops, such as

corn, sugar cane, and maize for
ethanol, and biodiesel feedstock
comes from vegetable oils such as
soybean oil and canola oil.
SECOND-GENERATION FEEDSTOCKS

come from cellulosic materials

(made from cellulose, aka complex
sugar molecules) such as cotton,
wood, grasses, and plant fibers.
THIRD-GENERATION BIOFUEL

known as “algae fuel” or “oilage”

since they are produced from the
algae. Algae leads to the
production of all types of bio-fuels
 WHEN WAS BIOMASS ENERGY
FIRST USED?

Bioenergy, or biomass energy, has been with us

for millennia, from the time humans first began
burning plant or animal material to fuel their
cookfires.

evidence to suggest humans between 230,000 and 1.5 million

began using biomass energy
years ago.
___ WHERE DOES BIOENERGY COME FROM?

Most biomass comes from plant materials that

have undergone photosynthesis.
 HOW IS
BIOENERGY
PRODUCED?
Bioenergy production includes direct
combustion (burning) and
thermochemical, chemical, and biological
THERMOCHEMICAL
conversion. CONVERSION METHODS
Pyrolysis
Thermochemical conversion makes solid,
liquid, and gaseous fuels, while the other Hydrothermal
two conversion methods create liquid and Gasification
gaseous fuels.
Transesterification
 PYROLYSIS GASIFICATIO
N
heats feedstock to 1400–1700℉ (800–
heats biomass feedstocks to 800–900℉
900℃) and includes free oxygen or steam.
(400–500℃) in a near-vacuum
The result is synthesis gas, also called syngas
– a hydrogen-rich gas.
HYDROTHERMA
L TRANSESTERIFICATION
treatmentproduces bio-oil through fast
pyrolysis, using a catalyst under high is a chemical conversion process that converts
pressure. vegetable oils, animal fats, and greases into fatty
acid methyl esters (FAME). Biodiesel production
uses FAMEs.
BIOMASS ELECTRIC GENERATION SYSTEM

SYSTEM
COMPONENT
S
 BIOMASS ELECTRIC
SYSTEM COMPONENTS GENERATION SYSTEM

A simple biomass electric generation system is made up of

several key components. For a steam cycle, this includes some
combination of the following items:
Fuel Storage and Handling
Combustor / Furnace Boiler
Equipment

includes storage facilities (such includes storage facilities (such includes storage facilities (such
as silos or bunkers) for storing as silos or bunkers) for storing as silos or bunkers) for storing
biomass fuel, as well as biomass fuel, as well as biomass fuel, as well as
handling equipment handling equipment handling equipment

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
For a steam cycle, this includes some combination of the
following items:
Pumps
They are responsible for
moving water from the
condenser back to the boiler
BIOMASS ELECTRIC
GENERATION SYSTEM
Fans Steam Turbine
a rotary machine that converts the
Fans are utilized in various
energy contained in high-pressure
parts of the system to facilitate
steam into mechanical energy.
air and gas flow

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
For a steam cycle, this includes some combination of the
following items:
Generator
coupled to the steam turbine
and converts the mechanical
energy from the turbine shaft
into electrical energy
BIOMASS ELECTRIC
GENERATION SYSTEM
Condenser Cooling Tower
heat exchanger that condenses
used to dissipate waste heat
the steam exiting the turbine
back into water
from the condenser
 BIOMASS ELECTRIC
SYSTEM COMPONENTS GENERATION SYSTEM

For a steam cycle, this includes some combination of the

following items:

Exhaust System Controls

includes equipment for controlling emissions from comprise sensors, actuators, and control
the combustion process, such as particulate algorithms that regulate and optimize the
matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide operation of various components within the
(SO2), and other pollutants biomass electric generation system
BIOMASS ELECTRIC GENERATION SYSTEM
BIOMASS ELECTRIC GENERATION SYSTEM

OPERATION OF A
BIOMASS PLANT
 THE OPERATION OF A BIOMASS
PLANT
1. Combustion 3. Electricity production
The steam turns a turbine which in turn drives an
The biomass is burned in a alternator. Thanks to the energy supplied by the
combustion chamber turbine, the alternator produces an alternating electric
current.

2. Steam production 4. Recycling

The biomass releases heat that heats At the exit of the turbine, part of the steam is
water in a boiler. The water is
recovered to be used for heating. This is called
transformed into steam, which is sent
cogeneration.
under pressure to turbines
DIFFERENT MECHANISMS ALLOW TO CREATE
ENERGY WITH BIOMASS:

• BURNING

•BACTERIAL DECOMPOSITION
(ANAEROBIC DIGESTION)

• CONVERSION TO A GAS OR
LIQUID FUEL
ADVANTAGE
S
 Energy Security: Energy Security:
ADVANTAGES Biomass resources are widely
distributed, reducing dependency on
imported fossil fuels and enhancing
energy security
Renewable: Biomass is derived
from organic materials that can be
replenished through natural
processes
ADVANTAGES
Carbon Neutral: The carbon emitted
Waste Management: Biomass energy
during biomass combustion is offset
provides an effective solution for
by the carbon absorbed during the
managing organic waste materials,
growth of the biomass feedstock,
reducing landfill reliance and methane
making it carbon neutral.
emissions.
DISADVANTAGES
 Land Use: Large-scale cultivation of
DISADVANTAGE biomass crops may compete with food
S production and natural ecosystems, raising
concerns about land use conflicts and
biodiversity loss
Emissions: Combustion of biomass
can release pollutants such as
particulate matter, nitrogen oxides,
and carbon monoxide, albeit at lower DISADVANTAGE
levels compared to fossil fuels.
S
Resource Intensive: Some biomass
Resource Intensive: Some biomass conversion technologies require
conversion technologies require significant inputs of water, energy, and
significant inputs of water, energy, chemicals
and chemicals
DIFFERENCE
FROM OTHER
SOURCES
 DIFFERENCES

Dispatchability: can provide

baseload power and is not subject
to intermittency like wind and DIFFERENCES
solar energy

Resource Availability: Biomass

Energy Density: has higher resources are available year-round
energy density compared to and can be stored for later use
wind and solar
 LIST OF
BIOMASS
PLANTS IN
THE
PHILIPPINES
 • San Carlos Bio-
Power Inc. (Negros
Occidental)
 ·Green Future
Innovations Inc.
Biomass Power
Plant (Isabela)
 ·Negros Island
Biomass Holdings
Inc. (Negros
Occidental)
 ·Oriental
Renewable Power
Corporation (Nueva
Ecija)
THANK
YOU