APPLYING BASIC

FIRST AID
TECHNIQUES
 The lesson deals with
the application of basic
first aid techniques. This
includes first aid principle,
first aid management,
ways of caring casualty
and first aid assistance.
• First aid is the
immediate care
given to a person
who has been
injured or suddenly
taken ill.
• It includes self-
help and home
care if medical
assistance is not
available or is
delayed.
• It includes well-selected
words of encouragement,
evidence of willingness
to help, and promotion of
confidence by
demonstration of
competence.
 The person giving first aid,
the first aider, deals with the
whole situation, the injured
person, and the injury or illness.
He knows what not to do as well
as what to do; he avoids errors
that are frequently made by
untrained persons through well-
meant but misguided efforts
He knows, too, that his first
aid knowledge and skills
can mean the difference
between life and death,
between temporary and
permanent disability, and
between rapid recovery
and long hospitalization.
• Elevate – to
lift up; raise
a certain
thing.
• Elevate – to lift up; raise a
certain thing.
• Heat stroke – a serious
failure of the body’s heat
regulation mechanisms
resulting from excessive
exposure to intense heat and
characterized by high fever,
dry skin, collapse, and
sometimes convulsion or
coma.
• Hypothermia – a
subnormal body
temperature.
 First aid Management
Anyone can and must
provide first aid in the
following manners:
1. Ensure the safety of
yourself and others.
Be alert to dangers at
the scene.
2. Call for help. Do not
hesitate to call the
Emergency Services if
you believe that it is in
the best interest of the
casualty to do so.
3. Call ambulance. To
call ambulance, say
the address you are
calling from, the
person’s condition
and the specific
location.
 BASIC
FIRST AID
SECURING THE SCENE
Before performing any First Aid,
Check for:

• 1. Electrical hazards
• 2. Chemical hazards
• 3. Noxious & Toxic gases
• 4. Ground hazards
• 5. Fire
• 6. Unstable equipment
 CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
In order for a person to survive:

Early Early CPR Early Early

Access”911” or First Aid Defibrillation Advanced
Care
Pay attention to
HISTORY; what happened; from the casualty or victim
SYMPTOMS; what only the casualty can tell you
SIGNS; what you can see for yourself
DURING TREATMENT
avoid coughing, breathing, or speaking over
the wound
use a face shield or mask with one-way-valve
when doing active resuscitation
use only clean bandages and dressings
avoid treating more than one casualty without
washing hands and changing gloves
AFTER TREATMENT
clean up both casualty and yourself
dispose of dressings, bandages, gloves and
soiled clothing correctly
wash hands with soap and water
FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID

Activate EMS System

“911”
• 1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)
• 2. Control bleeding
• 3. Open wounds & Burns
• 4. Fractures & Dislocations
• 5. Transportation
 ABC’S
• Causes of Respiratory/Cardiac Arrest

Electrical
Toxic -
Noxious
gases

Drowning Suffocation

Heart Attack Trauma

Drugs Allergic reactions

• Establish responsiveness
A-B-C’S
• Use chin lift/head tilt

Look.-listen-feel for breathing

Attempt to Ventilate
Ventilate Every 5 seconds

Check pulse Recovery position

CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION

• Should be trained to
perform this procedure
• If done improperly, could
harm victim
 AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONS

open

Tongue closed

obstructed
HEIMLICH MANEUVER
FOR
CONSCIOUS AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
COMMUNICATING
DETAILS OF
INCIDENTS
 The lesson deals with
ways of communicating
details of incidents. This
includes communication
system, ways of
determining casualty’s
condition and rules on
emergency services.
• Accidents happen
anywhere and anytime.
The first response to an
accident is the most
important.
• Often times, first aid
give at the scene can
improve the chance of
survival and recovery of
the accident victim.
• The sooner the victim
receives advanced
medical care, the
better.
• When approaching the
accident scene, assess the
apparent injury of the victim
as well as the potential
danger to yourself and the
victim.
• Your safety must be the
primary concern.
• You are needed to go for
help, and rescuers do not
need more victims to care.
• Stay calm at an accident
scene.
• Shut off equipment and
remove other potential
hazards at an accident
scene.
• Know how to respond to
accidents where a limb is
severed.
• Casualty – anyone who
was hurt or killed in an
accident.
• Incident – something
that happens.
 Deciding when to call for
medical assistance
•First aid is exactly what its
name implies – a first level of
assistance.
•Further medical assistance
should be sought if the first aider
determines if needed.
• Seeking medical assistance
can involve calling for an
ambulance.
• In a less urgent
circumstance, it can mean
informing the child’s or
student’s emergency
contacts that the first aider’s
training Casualty – anyone
who was hurt or killed in an
accident.
• Assessing the need for
further assistance is
sometimes difficult. The
following information
can be used: