Meiosis

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 División Celular

INTERPHASE

S
G1 (DNA synthesis)

s
s si

G2
si ne
it o k i
M y to

M
C

(M ITO
)P T
H IC
AS
E

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 Cada cromosoma consiste de dos cromátidas que
se mantienen unidas por un centrómero.

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 Duplicación y distribución de cromosomas durante
la división celular.
0.5 µm
Una célula eucariota tiene
múltiples cromosomas, uno
de los cuales se representa
aquí. Antes de la duplicación,
cada cromosoma tiene una
sola molécula de ADN.. Duplicación de
cromosomas
(incluida la
síntesis de
ADN)Centromere
Una vez duplicado, un cromosoma consta
de dos cromátidas hermanas conectadas en
el centrómero. Cada cromátida contiene una
copia de la molécula de ADN..

Cromátidas
Separación de hermanas
cromátidas hermanas.
Los procesos de división celular
separan las cromátidas hermanas
en dos cromosomas y las
distribuyen en dos células hijas.

Centrometers Sister chromatids

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 Profase I - Leptoteno
• La cromatina es visible y
consiste de 2 cromátidas
unidas por un
centrómero.

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 Profase I

• Visibles los cromosomas homólogos.

• Ocurre sinapsis.

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 Profase I
• Intercambio de material genético entre
cromosomas o entrecruzamiento (‘crossing
over”).
• Formación de las quiasmas.

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 • Quiasma es el
punto (lugar
físico) donde
ocurre
intercambio
de material
genético o
“crossing
over”.

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Metafase I
• Los cromosomas homólogos se alinean en el
plano ecuatorial.

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 Anafase I
• Reducción del material genético.
• A estos cromosomas se les conoce como
diadas o univalentes (cromosomas de doble
hebra que ya no estan apareados).

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 Telofase I

• Los cromosomas
se desenrollan.

• El nucleolo y la
membrana
nuclear
reaparecen.

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 Meiosis II

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Profase II
• Los cromosomas
comienzan a enrrollarse
y se acortan.
• Membrana nuclear se
rompe.
• Las diadas se unen a las
fibras del huso
mitótico y comienzan a
migrar hacia el plano
ecuatorial de la célula.

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 Metafase II

• Cromosomas
(univalentes) estan
alineados en el
ecuador.

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Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Anafase II
• Comienza cuando los
centrómeros ya se
han dividido y
termina cuando los
cromosomas llegan a
los polos.

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 Telofase II
• Los cromosomas
estan en los polos.

• Cromosomas se
desenrrollan.

• Se forma la
membrana nuclear y
el nucleolo.

• Ocurre división
celular; citokinesis.

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Figure 13.8 The Meiotic Division of an Animal Cell

INTERPHASE MEIOSIS I: Separates homologous chromosomes

PROPHASE I METAPHASE I ANAPHASE I

Centromere Sister chromatids

Centrosomes
(with kinetochore) remain attached
(with centriole pairs)
Chiasmata Metaphase
Sister
chromatids plate
Spindle

Nuclear
Microtubule Homologous
envelope
Tetrad attached to chromosomes
Chromatin separate
kinetochore
Chromosomes duplicate Homologous chromosomes Tetrads line up Pairs of homologous
(red and blue) pair and exchange chromosomes split up
segments; 2n = 6 in this example

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 Figure 13.8 The Meiotic Division of an Animal Cell

MEIOSIS II: Separates sister chromatids

TELOPHASE I AND PROPHASE II METAPHASE II ANAPHASE II TELOPHASE II AND

CYTOKINESIS CYTOKINESIS

Cleavage Haploid daughter cells

furrow Sister chromatids forming
separate

Two haploid cells

form; chromosomes During another round of cell division, the sister chromatids finally separate;
are still double four haploid daughter cells result, containing single chromosomes

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 Comparación de Mitosis y Meiosis
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
Parent cell Chiasma (site of MEIOSIS I
(before chromosome replication) crossing over)

Prophase I
Prophase
Chromosome Chromosome
replication replication Tetrad formed by
Duplicated chromosome synapsis of homologous
2n = 6
(two sister chromatids) chromosomes

Chromosomes Tetrads
positioned at the positioned at the Metaphase I
Metaphase
metaphase plate metaphase plate

Anaphase Sister chromatids Homologues

Telophase separate during Anaphase I
separate Telophase I
anaphase during
anaphase I;
sister Haploid
chromatids n=3
remain together Daughter
cells of
meiosis I
2n 2n
Daughter cells MEIOSIS II
of mitosis

n n n n

Daughter cells of meiosis II

Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II

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 El entrecruzamiento
Prophase I Nonsister
of meiosis chromatids

Tetrad

Chiasma,
site of
crossing
over

Metaphase I

Metaphase II

Daughter
cells

Recombinant
chromosomes

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings