MITOSIS

GENERAL BIOLOGY

MITOSIS CHROMATIN
-Division of somatic cells (non-
-an uncoiled mass of genetic
reproductive cells) in eukaryotic
material composed of DNA and
organisms.
proteins that condense to form
-A single cell divides into two
chromosomes. It is composed of
identical daughter cells.
small proteins called Histones
-Daughter cells have same
which help in the coiling of
number of chromosomes as
Chromatin so that this very long
does parent cell.
thread like structure will become
Somatic Cells Gametes a compacted chromosomes.
Sex -These are DNA molecules are
Cells(gametes, in extended, uncondensed form.
Body Cells
germline, germ
cell)
CHROMOSOMES
Mitosis Meiosis
-are single-stranded groupings
Diploid Haploid
of coiled chromatin. Chromatin
must exist in chromosomes or
coiled form to prevent it from
being entangled during cell
division which ensures that all
the information from the DNA
are properly copied and not
entangled.

CHROMATID
-is either of the two strands of a
replicated chromosome.
-Chromatids connected by a
centromere are called sister
chromatids and has the familiar
X shape.

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CENTROMERE PROPHASE
-the point of attachment of MAJOR EVENTS:
between sister chromatid. • chromosomes condense
Within the chromatid, a • spindle fibers form
kinetochore can be found. are specialized
microtubules radiating
KINETOCHORE out from centrieoles
-is the structure where the • chromosomes are captured
spindle fiber attaches during cell by spindle
division

WHEN THE CELL IS NOT

DIVIDING…
-DNA molecules are in
extended, uncondensed form =
chromatin
-Cell can only replicate and METAPHASE
transcribe DNA when it is in the -chromosomes align along the
extended state. equator of the cell, with one
chromatid facing each pole
WHEN THE CELL IS PREPARING
FOR DIVISION…
-DNA molecules condense to
form chromosomes prior to
division.
-each chromosome is a
single molecule of DNA ANAPHASE
-easier to sort and organize -sister chromatids separate
the replicated DNA into -spindle fibers attached to
daughter cells kinetochores shorten and pull
chromatin towards the poles
-free spindle fibers lengthen and
push the poles of the cell apart

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 NOTES: MITOSIS

ANIMAL CELLS: undergo

cytokinesis through the
formation of a cleavage furrow.
A ring of microtubules contract,
pinching the cell in half

TELOPHASE
-spindle fibers disintegrate
-nuclear envelopes form around
both groups of chromosomes
-chromosomes return to their
extended state
-cytokinesis occurs, enclosing
each daughter nucleus into a
sperate cell

CYTOKINESIS
PLANT CELLS: undergo
cytokinesis by forming a cell
plate between the two daughter
nuclei

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