Foundation for analog modulation

(MODULE – 1)

EE704: Analog and Digital Communication

Debasmita Pal
 Topics to be covered

• Amplitude modulation

• Frequency modulation

• Phase modulation
 Introduction to angle modulation
• Angle modulation: Total angle of the carrier signal varies according to message signal amplitude variation
• General expression of angle modulation:

Thus, =
• If frequency of modulated carrier varies with message signal : Frequency modulation (FM)
• If phase of modulated carrier varies with message signal: Phase modulation (PM)
Maximum, minimum frequency
Instantaneous frequency: Frequency deviation:
deviation:
Frequency of modulated signal at time t:
Frequency of modulated signal at
=
time t:
+
+
+
+.
 Introduction to phase modulation
• Phase of c(t) varies with m(t)
Instantaneous frequency:
+
+
= phase sensitivity =
+

Maximum and minimum instantaneous frequency:

+
If = single tone sinusoidal modulating signal
+
=

+.)
Δ 𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝑘𝑝 𝐴𝑚 𝑓 𝑚 Δ 𝜙=𝑘𝑝 𝑚(𝑡)
+) Modulation index
Δ 𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =Δ 𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑛
. Δ 𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝛽= =𝑘𝑝 𝐴𝑚
𝑓𝑚
 Introduction to frequency modulation
• Phase of c(t) varies with m(t)
Instantaneous frequency:
+
+
= frequency sensitivity =
+

Maximum and minimum instantaneous frequency:

+
If = single tone sinusoidal modulating signal
+
=

If = single tone sinusoidal modulating signal

Δ𝜙=2π𝑘 𝑓 ∫ 𝑚 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
+)
Δ 𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝑘 𝑓 𝐴 𝑚
Δ 𝜙 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =2 π 𝑘 𝑓 ¿
+)
Modulation index

Δ 𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝛽= =𝑘𝑝 𝐴𝑚 =
𝑓𝑚
 Relation between FM and PM

𝑑 (𝑚 ( 𝑡 ) ) Frequency PM modulated
m(t)
𝑑𝑡 modulator signal

m(t)
∫ 𝑚(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 Phase
modulator
FM modulated
signal
 Overview of Wide Band Frequency Modulation
𝑚 𝐹𝑀 ( 𝑡 ) = 𝐴𝑐 cos ¿¿¿ Phasor form:

=+

If

Band width :
Overview of Bessel function and power analysis of WFDB
• is always real for all n and

n : even =
n : odd
• For small
when =0 : : 2.4 ; 5.5, 8.6 ; 11.8 ;… : Eigen value
Value of Bessel function at different values of and
 Practice questions
1. An angle modulated signal is given by The maximum frequency and mean deviation and phase deviation of s(t).

Ans: max freq: 10.5kHz, phase deviation: 100

2. An angle modulated signal with carrier frequency

Ans: 100 kHz