TREATMENT OF

FERTILIZER WASTE
EFFLUENT
USING KAOLIN CLAY
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
PRESENTATION ADSORPTION PROCESS
OUTLINE
KAOLIN CLAY AS AN ADSORBENT
RELATED WORK
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
 Effluent refers to an outflow of any liquid waste.
In this context fertilizer liquid waste, released to
the ecosystem, most times natural body of water.
The effluent from chemical fertilizer industries
mainly contains organics, nitrates, alcohols,
ammonia, phosphorous, heavy metals such as
BACKGROUND Lead and chromium and suspended solids.
OF THE STUDY
 Many waste water treatment methods have been
employed, however, these methods possess
several disadvantages such as high cost devices,
toxic waste production, low efficiency and high
energy.
 Adsorption using kaolin clay adsorbent is
one of the most efficient techniques due to its
simplicity and affordability, moreover, it is
more feasible even at low concentrations of
heavy metal ions.
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY Economic importance of kaolin clay
CONTD adsorbent in the treatment of fertilizer
effluent heavy metals includes availability,
having excellent textural and surface
properties, inexpensiveness to the
conventional treatment of waste water.
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
High toxic nature of effluent from
chemical fertilizer industries.

Fertilizer effluents are harmful to

the ecosystem leading to the day
by day deterioration of the
ecosystem.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to investigate the removal of
heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) from
chemical fertilizer waste water using kaolin clay.
This aim will be carried out through the following
objectives;
 To modify the kaolin clay via beneficiation and
calcination.

 To characterize the physical and chemical properties

of the kaolin adsorbent.

 To determine the metal ion uptake in fertilizer waste

water by batch adsorption process.
 The use of other waste water treatment methods are
very expensive and still do not properly treat this
effluent to the considerable environmental limits.
This work will make available to fertilizer
industries the possibility of using kaolin clay
adsorbent as an inexpensive, efficient and promising
SIGNIFICANCE approach to the treatment of fertilizer effluent.
OF THE STUDY
Due to the increasing world's population, will tend
to promote the use of chemical fertilizers the more
by farmers to support plants yields without any
significant negative effects to the ecosystem from
the fertilizer waste water.
 Though chemical fertilizer waste water
contains many other pollutants such as
SCOPE OF alcohol, ammonia, suspended solids, nitrates,
THE phosphorus, large amounts of BOD and COD
and other organic matter, but this work will be
STUDY limited to the removal of heavy metals such as
lead and chromium.
 The term adsorption was introduced by Kayser
in 1881. This refers to a phenomenon in which
higher concentration of any species of solid,
ADSORPTION liquid or gas are attached at the surface than in
the bulk of a material. There are two types of
PROCESS adsorption, namely; Physisorption and
Chemisorption. Adsorption is an alternative
approach to remove dissolved metal ions from
liquid waste.
 Kaolinite is a clay mineral with the chemical
composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. It is a layered
silicate mineral with one tetrahedral sheet of
silica (SiO4) linked through oxygen atoms to one
octahedral sheet of alumina (AlO6). It is an
important industrial mineral.
KAOLIN
Kaolin clay minerals are abundant, readily
CLAY AS AN available and inexpensive. Therefore, they offer
ADSORBENT a cost effective alternative to the conventional
treatment of waste water.
The main components of the clay are SiO2
(53.15 wt %) and Al2O3 (41.143 wt %). The
large amounts of SiO2 and Al2O3 present defines
the sample as an alumino-silicate clay.
KAOLIN CLAY AS AN ADSORBENT CONTD
Table 1.1 chemical compositions of raw kaolin clay
Components SiO2 Al2O3 TiO2 MgO Fe2O3 CaO Cr2O3 ZnO Mn2O3

Amount (wt %) 53.158 41.143 3.017 0.442 0.126 0.044 0.018 0.013 0.008
Source: (Jock et al, 2016)

APPLICATIONS OF KAOLIN CLAY

The main use of the mineral kaolinite (about 50% of the time) is
the production of paper and also as adsorbents in water and
wastewater treatment.
Other applications can also be seen in the following areas: In
ceramics, In toothpaste, In cosmetics, In industrial insulation
material called Kaowool, In adhesives, To induce blood clotting in
diagnostic procedures, In organic farming as a spray applied to
crops to deter insect damage.
 RELATED WORK
S/N AUTHORS
1 Mansour Alhawas, Mohamed Alwabel, Adel Ghoneim,
Abdullah Alfarraj, Abdelazeem Sallam
2 Jock Asanja Alexander, Muhammed Abbas Ahmad Zaini,
Surajudeen Abdulsalam, Usman Aliyu El-Nafaty and Umar
Omeiza Aroka
3 Alexander Asanja Jock, Atumein Samaila Joel, Olu Olumide
Olubajo, charity Uren Zang, MagdaleneSazeya Ayuba and
Philip Thomas Wakaili
4 Alexander Asanja jock, Aniete Ndarake Okon, Uchechukwu
Herbert Offor, Festus Thomas and Edmund OkwudiliChukwu
Agbanaje
TITLES
Removal of Nickel from Aqueous Solution by
low cost Clay Adsorbent (Al-Mahwes clay
sample and Khulias clay deposit)
Isotherm Studies of lead(II), manganese(II) and
cadmium(II) adsorption by Nigerian Bentonite
Clay in a single and multimetal solutions
Development of Activated Carbon from Sawdust
by Pyrolysis and Methylene blue adsortption
Adsorption Of Nickel ions from Petroleum
Wastewater Onto Calcined Kaolin Clay:
Isotherm, Kinetic and Therrmodynamic Studies
FEATURES
 The adsorption data followed Langmuir and Freundlich
isotherm data and correlation coefficients (R2) ranged from
0.90 to 0.99.
 Column studies results showed that 92-99% of the added Ni
was retained in the top soil layer (0-5 cm).
 The order of selectivity is lead(II) > cadmium(II) >
manganese(II) .
Results also shows that both clays demonstate a preferable
adsorption towards lead(II)
 The adsorption data followed Langmuir model
 The MB removal efficiency was 99.2%
 Langmuir isotherm model having correlation coefficient (R2 )
0.98 gave the best fit.
 The calcined Kaolin clay was characterized sing XRF and
FTIR
 The study yielded a removal efficiency of 89.89% for Nickel
ions at 25C
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
THANK YOU