Effect of friction in

cold state and hot

state of piping using
PASS START PROF

jafar sadiq sayyed

Application Engineer-Piping

DHIO Research and Engineering Pvt Ltd.,

# 28 (Old No 619/1), 2nd Floor, 36th Cross,
2nd Block, Rajajinagar, Next to Srinivasa
Kalyana Mantapa, Bangalore-560010 India
CHALLENGE :
 The objective of the analysis is to find piping stresses in cold state and hot state of piping under
the effect of friction and comparison of the results and its influence on piping syste

 Formula used:
Expansion stress :

􀀷􀀩 Ap = cross-sectional area of pipe; 𝐴= 𝜋( 𝐷− 𝑡) 𝑡

Fa =axial force range between any two conditions
being evaluated
ia=axial stress intensification factor. In the
absence of more applicable data, ia =1.0 for
elbows, pipe bends, and miter bends (single,closely spaced, and widely spaced),
it = torsional stress intensification factor. In the absence of more applicable data, it=1.0;
Mt p=torsional moment range between any two conditions
being evaluated
Sa= axial stress range due to displacement strains
= ia*Fa/Ap
Sb=bending stress range due to displacement
strains
St=torsional stress range due to displacement strains
= itMt/2Z
Z = section modulus of pipe􀁘􀀍􀀖 􀀌􀁠􀀷􀁅􀁠 􀀏 􀀷􀁆􀀍􀀖 􀀏 􀀌􀀖􀀷􀁘􀀍􀀖
􀀷􀀩 􀁔 􀀌􀁠􀀷􀁅􀁠 􀀏 􀀷􀁆􀀍􀀖 􀀏 􀀌􀀖􀀷􀁘􀀍􀀖

􀀷􀀩 􀁔 􀀌􀁠􀀷􀁅􀁠 􀀏 􀀷􀁆􀀍􀀖 􀀏 􀀌􀀖􀀷􀁘􀀍􀀖

CHALLENGE :

 Formula used:
􀀏 􀀷􀁆􀀍􀀖 􀀏 􀀌􀀖􀀷􀁘􀀍􀀖
 START PROF MODEL :
Input given:
Design code - ASME B31.3
pipe OD - 219.1mm
wall thickness - 10mm
material - A106 G B
Tempreture - 80 C
Pressure - 1.6 MPa
Ambiant temp - 25 C
Friction factor - 0.3
Load cases considered for analysis
SOLUTION :
Expansion stresses in piping when it expands from installation state to Hot state
Stress due to friction is compressive =-F/A
Piping stresses when the option “stress range from operation to cold” is turned OFF
Expansion stress at node 15

Pipe cross sectional area A= 𝜋(𝐷−𝑡)𝑡mm2

A=3.142x(219.1-10)x10 =6569 sq.mm

Axial force

N=-12.1x10e-6x(80-25)x2.1x6569+(2x0.07x3.142x1.6x(219.1-2x10)x(219.1-2x10)/4)
N=6964 Newton

Axial stress =

Sa = -12.1x10e-6x(80-25)x2.1+(2x0.07x1.6(219.1-2x10)X(219.1-2x10)/(219.1x219.1-(219.1-2x10)X(219.1-2x10))
= 1.06 Mpa
SOLUTION :
Piping stresses when the option “stress range from operation to cold” is turned off
Expansion stress at node 15

Bending stress Sb = Mb/Z

Mb = ((iixMi)^2+(ioxMo)^2)^0.5
Mb=((1x0)^2+(1x-1694)^2)^0.5 =1694 kgf-cm
Moment of resistance Z =3.142X(Do^4-Di^4)/32xDo
Z=328474.5mm^3
Now bending stress = 1694/328474.5 =0.52Mpa

St=0 since Mt=0

Hence Se =((Sa+Sb)^2+4XSt^2)^0.5
Se=1.06+0.52=1.58 Mpa
SOLUTION :

Expansion stresses in piping when it Returns from Hot state to cold state
In operating condition L2 the stress due to friction is compressive S=-F/A.
In installation condition L1 the stress is zero S=0.
In cold condition L3 the stress is tensile S=+F/A.
This means that L4 expansion range will give SA=ABS(-F)/A=F/A, but L5 expansion range will give SA=ABS(-F+F)/A=2*F/A.
Piping stresses when the option “stress range from operation to cold” is turned ON
Expansion stress at node 15
Pipe cross sectional area A= 𝜋(𝐷−𝑡)𝑡mm2
A=3.142x(219.1-10)x10 =6569 sq.mm

Axial force

N=-12.1x10e-6x(80-25)x2.1x6569+(2x0.07x3.142x1.6x(219.1-2x10)x(219.1-2x10)/4)
N=6964 Newton

Axial stress Sa=2*N/A

Sa = 2X1.06 = 2.12 Mpa

SOLUTION :
Piping stresses when the option “stress range from operation to cold” is turned ON
Expansion stress at node 15

Bending stress Sb = Mb/Z

Mb = ((iixMi)^2+(ioxMo)^2)^0.5
Mb=((1x0)^2+(1x-1694)^2)^0.5 =1694 kgf-cm
Moment of resistance Z =3.142X(Do^4-Di^4)/32xDo
Z=328474.5mm^3
Now bending stress = 1694/328474.5 =0.52Mpa

St=0 since Mt=0

Hence Se =((Sa+Sb)^2+4XSt^2)^0.5
Se=2.12+0.52= 2.64 Mpa

Now let us compare the Support Loads in installation state and cold state At node 15
In installation state the support load in X direction is zero. But in cold state
it is not zero and equal to friction force on sliding support. i.e Fx = µR=0.3x2466=739.8
RESULTS :
RESULTS :
Comparison of support loads in ambiant state and cold state
 CONCLUSION :
we concluded that Stresses in cold state of piping will increase and will be more in cold state than hot state
and also the support loads are not zero rather it will be equal to frictional force in cold state. So START PROF
will consider cold spring effect And these loads and stresses will create greater nozzle loads on equipments.
So it is necessary to consider Expansion stresses and loads in piping especially for buried pipeline where friction
coefficiant is high.
Thank you
DHIO Research & Engineering Pvt Ltd.,
# 28 (Old No 619/1), 2nd Floor, 36th Cross,
2nd Block, Rajajinagar, Next to Srinivasa
Kalyana Mantapa, Bangalore-560010 India

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