Material balance I

Degrees of freedom
 General Rule
S Streams in = S Streams out

Mixer Splitter
S1 S1

S2 S2
S5 S5
S3 S3
S4
S4

S1+S2+S3+S4=S5
 Other Examples
Distillation Absorber
D Lo V1

W Ln Vn+1

F=D+W Lo+Vn+1=Ln+V1
 Material Balance Can be

OVERALL MATERIAL COMPONENET

BALANCE MATERIAL BALANCE

Balance equations on the Balance equations on the

total flow rate of the components flow rates in
streams streams
 Overall vs Component M.B.
D
BD
Overall M.B.
TD
XD F=D+W (1)
Component M.B.
F BF=BD+BW (2)
BF
TF TF=TD+TW (3)
XF
XF=XD+XW (4)

W Note:
BW
TW (2)+(3)+(4)  (1)
XW
We can ONLY use three equations
 Degrees of Freedom (DOF)

• Indicates the solvability of the system

• DOF = number of variables – number of

equations, relations and given variables
• A system is solvable ONLY if DOF=0
 Degrees of Freedom (Cont’d)
D B D
D
XBD=0.6
TD
XTD=0.3
XD
XXD=0.1

F F

BF=100 mol/hr BF=100 mol/hr

TF=50 mol/hr TF=50 mol/hr
XF=30 mol/hr XF=30 mol/hr

W W
BW XBW=0.3
TW XTW=0.3
No. of variables=9 XW No. of variables=9 XXW=0.4

No. of balance equations=3 No. of balance equations=3

No. of given relations=0 No. of given relations=0
No. of given variables=3 No. of given variables=7
DOF=9-3-0-3=3 DOF=9-3-0-7=-1
DOF > 0 DOF < 0
UNDER SPECIFIED OVER SPECIFIED
 Why DOF?

• To know whether the UNIT is solvable or not

• To know whether the PROCESS is solvable or not

• To know the solution TECHNIQUE and SEQUENCE

HOW ?!
 7% Xylene
D1
4% Styrene
54% Toluene
35% Benzene

D
#2

18% Xylene
24% Styrene
B1 42% Toluene
16% Benzene
F=1000 mol/hr
#1
15% Xylene
25% Styrene 15% Xylene
40% Toluene 10% Styrene
D2
20% Benzene 54% Toluene
21% Benzene

B
#3

24% Xylene
65% Styrene
10% Toluene
B2 1% Benzene
 Unit #1 #2 #3 Process Overall
No. of Var 12 12 12 28 20

No. of Eq. 4 4 4 12 4

No. of G.V. 4 6 6 16 16

No. of A.R 0 0 0 0 0

DOF 4 2 2 0 0
7% Xylene
D1
4% Styrene
54% Toluene DOF
35% Benzene
of • Solve Overall
D
#2
#2
&
18% Xylene
#3=
24% Styrene
42% Toluene
0
B1
16% Benzene
F=1000 mol/hr • Solve #2
#1 GET
D
15% Xylene
25% Styrene 15% Xylene
40% Toluene 10% Styrene
D2
20% Benzene 54% Toluene
21% Benzene

B • Solve #3
#3
GET
24% Xylene
B
65% Styrene
10% Toluene
B2 1% Benzene
Will Solve it in the
Next Video!
SEE YOU THEN!