apl-ΩZv \_n sslµh _u≤ {]h-N-\-ß-fn-eqsS
{]^. Fw. A_vZp¬ Aen
kn‘p F∂ ]ZØns‚ t]¿jy≥ i_vZa- mWv
lnµp. lnµp-bnkw kn‘p-bn-k-am-Wv. Cdm-\n-
b≥ `mj-bn¬ k F∂Xv l Bbn amdp-∂p.
C¥y F∂ ]Zw bqtdm-]y≥am¿ {Ko°p-Im-
cn¬\n∂v IS-sa-Sp-ØX - m-bn-cn-°W
- w. bqtdm-]y≥
kwkvIm-c-Øn‚ DuSpw ]mhp-ambn h¿Øn-®n-
cp-∂Xv {Ko°v-˛-em-‰n≥ kwkvIm-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-h-
t√m. {Ko°n¬ CµnI F∂mWv hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
{Ko°p-Im¿°v Cu ]Zw In´n-bXv t]¿jy-°m-
cn¬\n-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ lnµp-hn-s‚- ssh-tZ-in-I-amb
D¬]Øn \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ `mjm imkv{X-⁄-
∑mcp-ap-≠v. Ah-cpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ "lnµp'
Hcp ip≤ kwkvIrX kw⁄-Xs- ∂-bm-Wv. Ah-
cpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬, lnw+ Z+ D= lnµp,
lnw=lnam-e-bw, Z= Z£n-Ww, D= DZ[n (k-ap-
{Zw).
lnam-e-Øn\pw Z£nW kap-{Z-Øn-\pw
CS-bn-ep-≈Xv F∂¿Yw.
CØ- c p- W - Ø n¬ Gsd {]k- ‡ - a mb
as‰mcp hkvXpX IqSn \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv
\∂m-bn-cn-°pw. ]pcm-W-ß-fpw thZ-ßfpw D]-
\n-j-Øp-Ifpw XpS-°-Øn¬, Ad_n `mj-sb-
t∏mse he-Xp- `m-K-Øp-\n∂v Fgp-X-s∏-Sp∂
^lvehn en]n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v kn‘n `mjm
en]n, Ad_n A£-cß - sf t]mse-bmWv ImW-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
{_m“-Wm-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ AXn-{]-k-c-
Øn¬ ^lveh - n, kwkvIrX en]n-bn-te°v Xncn-
™p-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. kn‘p \Zo-XS
kwkvIm-c-Ønse en]n (Indus Script) CXp-hsc
hmbn- ° m≥ Ign- ™ n- ´ n- √ . B KqVm- £ c
hymJym\ {ia-Øn-emWv C≥tUm-f-Pn-Ãp-Iƒ
hym]r-Xc- m-bn-cn-°p-∂X- v. AXv hymJym-\n-°s- ∏-
Sp-tºmƒ, C¥y≥ kwkvImcw t\cn-Sp∂ ]e
{]Xn- k - ‘ n- I fpw XcWw sNø- s ∏- S p- s a∂
ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-Øn-emWv Ah-cn-t∏mƒ.
kwkvIr-X-]-T\w Hc-mUw-_-c-a-√. B
`mj \ΩpsS G‰hpw al-Øm-b GI-tZ-iob
ss]Xr-I-am-Ip-∂p. C¥y-bp-sS -Hmtcm {]tZ-
ihpw Cu `mj°v kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬In-bn-´p-
≠v . C≥tUm Cdm- \ n- b ≥ `mjm IpSpw- _ -
Øn¬\n∂v c≠m-bncw h¿j-߃°p apºv
hS°p ]Sn-™msd C¥y-bn¬, cq]wsIm≠v Hcp
`mj-bm-Wn-Xv. C≥tUm Cdm-\n-b≥ BI-s´,
C≥tUm bqtdm-]y≥ `mj-bn¬\n-∂mWv P∑w
]q≠-Xv. kwkvIr-X-`mj BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-
°-s∏-´Xv thZ-ß-fn-em-Wv.
C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Npcp-fp-I-tfm-
tcm∂pw Agn-®v, kq£va-ZrjvSym t{kmX- p-
Isf hnt«-jn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp Ncn{X hnZym¿Yn-
bpsS kXzc {i≤ ]Xn-tb≠ Hcp hkvXp-X-bp-
≠v˛ ]pcm-W-ß-sf, thZ-߃ kXy-km-£y-s∏-
Sp-Øp∂p F∂-Xm-W-Xv. CXn¬\n∂v ]pcm-W-
߃ ]pcm-X-\-hpw hkvXp-\n-jvThpw B[n-Im-
cn-I-hp-am-sW∂p hcp-∂p.
NXp¿th-Z-ß-fn¬, EtKz-Z-tØmfw ]g-°-
ap≈ {KŸw thsd-bn-√-t√m. B EtKz-Z-Ønepw
AY¿h-th-Z-Ønepw ]pcmW-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈
]cma¿iw Fß-s\-bp-≠mbn? Omtµm-tKym-]-
\n-jØ- nepw ]pcm-Wß - s- f-∏‰- n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿iw
\ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. CXn¬\n∂v a\- n-
em-Ip-∂Xv thZ-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Xs∂ ]pcm-W-
ßfpw ssZhn- I - s h- f n- ] m- S p- I - f m- s W- ∂ m- W v .
Hcp]t£ thZ-Im-etØm As√-¶n¬ thZ-
߃°v aptºm Bbn-cn°mw Ah shfn-hm-°-
apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v 151
 s∏-´-Xv. C¥y-bpsS aX kmln-Xy-Øn¬ ]pcm-W-
߃°v AXp-ey-amb Hcp ÿm\am-Wp-≈-Xv. Ah°v
alm-`m-cX- Øn\p Xpey-ambn ]©-at- h-Zÿ - m\w \¬In-
bn-cn-°p-∂p.
thZ-Øn¬ ]pcm-W-ß-sf-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-s≠-
¶nepw C∂v \ne-hn-ep≈ ]pcm-Wß - ƒ _n.kn 600-˛\pw
F.Un 400-˛\pw CS-°p-≈-Xm-Wv. ]Xn-s\´v alm-]p-cm-
W-ßfpw GXm≠v A{Xbpw Xs∂ D]-]p-cm-W-ßfpw
Ds≠∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. an°-hmdpw ]pcm-W-߃ Ah-
bpsS Hcp kqNnI \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. {_“w, ]Zvaw,
hnjvWp, hmbp, `mK-h-Xw, \mc-Zo-bw, am¿°tfi-bw,
A·n, `hn-jyw, {_“-ss-hh¿Øw, hmcm-lw, enwKw,
kvImµw, hma-\w, Iq¿aw, am’yw, Kmcp-Vw, {_“m-
fiw.
GXm≠v \qdv D]-]p-cm-Wß- f - psS t]cp-Iƒ tiJ-
cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠-¶nepw Ah-bn¬ ]Xn-\©v FÆw
t]mepw e`y-a-√.
{]]-t©m¬]-Øn-sb-∏‰n ]e-hn-[-Ønepw ]pcm-
W-߃ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. {_“w k¿h-Xn-s\bpw
krjvSn-°p-∂p. {_“w AYhm hnjvWp k¿h-Xn-
s\bpw c£n-°p-∂p. {_“w cp{Zs‚ cq]-Øn¬ k¿h-
sØbpw \in-∏n-°pw. ]Xn-\mev a\z-¥-c-߃°v Xpey-
am-Wv, {_“m-hns‚ Hcp Znh-kw. {]]©-L-S-\m-im-
kv{Xhpw ]pcm-W-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. an°-hmdpw
F√m ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw hnjvWp-hns‚ ]Øv Ah-Xm-c-
ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ {]kvXm-h-ap-≠v. Hº-X-h-Xm-c-ßfpw
Bhn¿`-hn®p ad-™p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.
Cu \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ am{X-amWv
]pcm-W-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m\yw sXfn-bn-°-
s∏-´-Xv.
BNm-cy-∑m-cn¬\n∂v tI´p ]Tn® ⁄m\-am-b-
Xp-sIm-≠mWv thZ-Øn\v {ipXn F∂ t]cv kn≤n-®-
Xv. tI´-Xns\ Hm¿Øp]d-bp-∂Xv kvarXn F∂ t]cn-
emWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ejn-am¿ Xß-fpsS kvac-W-
bn¬\n∂v Fgp-Xnb Imcy-ß-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv, [¿a-
im-kv{X-ßsf kvarXn-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
]pcm- W - ß - f psS ]ucm- W n- I Xzw Ncn{X
bmYm¿Yy-am-sW-¶nepw Nne B[p-\nI lnµp ]fin-
X-∑m¿°v ]pcm-W-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Ah-K-W-\m-a-t\m-`mhw
F¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v At\z-jn-°p-tºmƒ, hy‡-am-
Ip∂ Hcp hkv-Xp-X-bp-≠v. ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ apl-ΩZv
\_n-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ [mcmfw {]h-N-\-߃ D≠v F∂-
Xm-W-Xv. Ejn-amsc A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-cw, ]pcm-
W-ßsf ]s‰ X≈p-I-bm-W-h¿ sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬
thZ-߃ hy‡-ambpw ]pcm-Wß - sf AwKo-Ic- n-°p∂p
F∂Xv Hcp bmYm¿Yy-a-s{X. ]pcm-W-߃, thZ-߃
t]mse-Øs∂ ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-
\-Øn¬ D≠m-b-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]pcm-
W-߃ thZ-߃ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ ]pcm-W-ß-f-√.
bYm¿Y ]pcm- W - ß ƒ \jv S s∏´n- c n°mw. Cu
bmYm¿Yyw i¶-cm-Nm-cy¿, "imco-cnI' `mjy-Øn¬ D≤-
cn-®n-´p≈ a{¥-ßf - n¬\n∂v {Kln-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. "bpK-
ß-fpsS A¥y-Øn¬ thZ-ßfpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-
152 apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v
sa√mw Xosc A¥¿[m\w sNbvXp. Ah ]n∂oSv
{_“m-hns‚ \n¿tZ-i-tØmsS al¿jn-am¿ X] v
sNbvXp hi-am-°n.'
thZ-ß-fn¬ CS-°nsS ImWp∂ CXn-lm-k-I-Y-
I-fn¬\n-∂mWv ]n¬°m-eØv CXn-lm-k-߃ sI´n-
∏-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv.
\mw ChnsS {i≤m-]q¿hw a\- n-em-t°≠ Hcp
hkvXp-X-bp-≠v. ]c-»Xw Bƒ°m¿ `‡n-]p-c- cw
hmbn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]I¿Øp-
Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ ]pcm-W-ßfpw thZ-ßfpw ]q¿W-
ambpw `qap-J-Øp-\n∂v Xntcm-[m\w sNbvXp F∂Xv
icn-bm-hm≥ km[y-X-bn-√. AtX-k-abw thZ-߃
bmsXmcp XI- c mdpw IqSmsX ChnsS \ne- \ n∂p
F∂Xpw icn-b-√.
apl- Ω Zv \_n- s b- ∏ - ‰ n- b p≈ ]cm- a ¿i- ß ƒ
]n¬°m-eØv Iq´n-t®¿Ø-Xm-sW∂v ]d-bm-dp-≠v. CXv
ASn-ÿ-m-\-c-ln-X-am-Wv. ]pcm-W-ß-fnse \_n-sb-∏-‰n-
bp≈ ]cm-a¿i-ßfpw {]h-N-\-ßfpw hy‡-ambpw
]pecp-∂Xv I≠-t∏mƒ kXy-tØmSv B`n-ap-Jy-an-√mØ
]fin-‰p-Iƒ, ]pcm-W-߃ ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-ß-fm-
W∂v Bt£]w Db¿Øp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.
IqSmsX lnµp ]fin-‰p-Iƒ, Hcp ÿeØv
ktΩ- f n- ® v , \_n- s b- ∏ - ‰ n- b p≈ {]h- N - \ - ß ƒ
Iq´nt®¿Ø-Xm-sW∂ hmZhpw XnI®pw _men-ia- m-Wv.
{_m“-W-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ hyXykvX hn`m-K-߃
kz¥w aXsØ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠v, \_n-sb-∏-
‰n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i-߃ ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw thZß-fnepw
Dƒs∏-SpØn F∂p hnNm-cn-°m\pw \ymb-an-√. Cu ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn¬ lnµp ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ Cu {]iv\sØ
kKu-chw ho£n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
EtKzZ \n¿am-W-Imew Hcp X¿° hnj-b-amWv.
amIvkv ap≈sdbpw a‰pw ]n¥p-S¿∂v _n.kn 2000-˛\pw
1500-˛\pw CS-bn-emWv AXns‚ \n¿anXn F∂ A`n-{]m-
b-ap-≈-h-cmWv ]m›mXy ]fin-X-∑m¿. bms°m_n
am{Xw 7500 sIm√w ]g°w ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. temI am\y-
Xn-e-I≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv Nne EtKzZ a{¥-߃°v, ]Xn-
\m-bn-c-tØmfw sIm√w ]g-°-ap-s≠-∂m-Wv. Bcy-k-
amP ÿm]-I\ - mb kzman Zbm-\µ - s‚ A`n-{]m-bØ
- n¬
thZ-߃ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´Xv 1310 aney≥ h¿j-ß-
ƒ°v apºmWv! almflm Xne-I≥ Xs‚ Artic home in
the vedas-¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv, EtKz-Z-Øn\v 4000 h¿j-ß-fn-
e-[nIw ]g-°-an-s√-∂m-Wv.
C{Xbpw ]g°w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp∂ thZ-ß-
fn¬ ]cm-ar-jvS-amb ]pcm-W-ß-fpsS ]ucm-Wn-IXzw
\ap°v Duln-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. CØ-cp-WØ - n¬ as‰mcp
hkvXpX IqSn a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. _lp-`q-
cn-`mKw lnµp-°fpw ]pcm-W-ßsf thZ-ß-ƒ kXy-km-
£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-s≠∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.
cmam-bWw CXn-lm-ka- m-Wv. BZn-Im-hy-am-Wv. Hcp
[¿a-im-kv{X-am-Wv. CXn¬ Ggv Imfi-ßfpw A™qdv
k¿K-ßfpw Ccp-]-Øn-\m-em-bncw t«mI-ß-fp-ap-≠v.
Kmb- { Xn- b nse Ccp- ] - Ø n- \ mev A£- c - ß - f n¬
Hmtcm∂psIm-≠mWv Hmtcm Bbn-chpw Bcw`n-°p-∂-
sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. hm¬ao-In-bm¬ hnc-Nn-X-am-b-
XmWv cmam-b-Ww.
sXmÆq-dm-bncw t«mI-ßfpw ]Xn-s\´v ]¿h-ß-
fp- a - S - ß nb kpZo¿L Imhy- a mWv alm- ` m- c - X w.
sshjvWh aX-Øns‚ kmc-am-bn-´p≈ `K-h-XvKoX
alm-`m-c-X-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-am-bn-´mWv IW-°-m°s∏-
Sp-∂-Xv.
sshZn-Ia- mb in£°pw [¿am-Nc- W - Ø
- n\pw A]-
£bw hcp-tºmƒ thZ-aq¿Øn-bmb {_“m-hv, XZp-≤m-
c-Wm¿Yw hymk-\mbn a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-
°p∂p F∂mWv ]pcm-W-h-N-\w. sshh-kz-c-a-\p-
hn¬\n∂v D¤-hn-®, tkma-hw-i-P-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpsS Ncn-
{X-amWv alm-`m-c-X-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv.
hymk≥ F∂ ]Z-Øn\v hnkvXmcw F∂¿Yw.
a\- n\v ]cn-]q¿W hnImkw ssIh-∂-h≥ AYhm
_p≤n°v hnim-e-X-bp-≈-h≥ hymk≥. thZ-ßsf
\membn hykn-®h - ≥ hymk≥. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs- Ø-°p-
dn®v F{Xbpw hnkvXc- n®v Fgp-Xn-bX - p-sIm≠v hymk≥
F∂ t]cp-≠m-bn. `mK-h-Xhpw hymk-IrXw Xs∂.
hymk≥ F∂Xv Hcp hy‡n-bpsS t]c-s√∂pw
Hcp ÿm\-t∏-cm-bn-cn-°W - s- a∂pw Duln-°p-∂h - c- p-≠v.
thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fpsS
kn≤m-¥-o-I-c-WamWv thZm-¥w. thX-Øns‚ A¥w.
Adn-hns‚ Ah-km\w Fs∂ms° CXn-\¿Y-ap-≠v.
thZ-ß-fpsS A¥y-`m-K-ØmWv D]-\n-j-Øp-Iƒ hcp-
∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mW-hsb thZm¥w F∂p ]d-bp-
∂-Xv.
hnjvWp, Zzm]-c-bp-K-Øn¬ IrjvW ssZz]m-b-\-
\m-bn, AYhm hymk-\m-bn, thZsØ EKv, bPp-kv,
kmaw, AY¿hw F∂o NXp¿th-Z-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-°p-
Ibpw Xs‚ injy-]-c-º-c-bnse ss]e≥, sshi≥,
am-b-\≥, ssPan-\n, bm⁄-h¬Iy≥, kpI¿am≥ XpS-
ßnb Ejn-Iƒ Ahsb Hmtcm kwln-X-I-fm-°p-I-bpw-
sN-bvXp-sh∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]g°w Ipd-™-
sX∂v ]d-bs- ∏-Sp∂ AY¿h-Øn¬Xs∂ ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw
EtKzZ a{¥-ß-fmWv D≈-Xv.
hymk-a-l¿jn-bpsS
{]hm-N-I-kvt\lw
hocm-cm-[\ lnµp-°f - psS Hcp {][m\ A\p-jvTm-
\-ambn ]n¬°m-eØv amdp-I-bp-≠m-bn. lnµp-°ƒ°v
hymk-a-l¿jn-tbm-Sp≈ _lp-am\w koam-Xo-X-am-Wv.
]Xn-s\´v hmfy-ß-fp≈ ]pcm-W-߃ At±-l-Øns‚
G‰hpw henb t{ImUo-I-c-W-am-Wv. AXn¬ {][m-\-
s∏-´X - mWv `hn-jy-]p-cm-Ww. CXn¬ hymk-al - ¿jn hcm-
\n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ßs- f-∏‰n hni-Za- mbn hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
`mhn-Im-cy-ß-sf-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv `hn-jy-]p-
cmWw F∂ t]¿Xs∂ AXn\p In´n-b-Xv. hymk
al¿jn AXv t{Im-Uo-I-cn-°pI am{X-amWv sNbvX-
Xv.
Xmsg ]d-bp∂ {]h-N\ - ß
- ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ `hn-
jy-]p-cmWw t_mws_bnse sh¶n-tS-izc {] n¬
A®-Sn-®-Xm-Wv. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ {]h-N\w {]Xn-k¿K-
]¿hw 111:3,3:5-˛8¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbpw:
""tæO-\mb (hn-tZi `mj kwkm-cn-°p∂ hntZ-
in) Hcp [m¿an-Im-Nm-cy≥ Xs‚ injy-∑m-tcm-Sp-IqSn
hcpw. At±-l-Øns‚ t]cv apl-ΩZv F∂m-bn-cn-°pw.
cmPmhv (t_mPv) ssZhnI t_m[\w e`n® Cu alm-
tZh Ad-_nsb ]›-K-hy-bnepw KwKm-P-e-Ønepw
kv\mw sNøn-∏n®p ]m]-ap-‡-\m-°nb tijw Xs‚
Bflm¿Y-amb A`n-hm-Z-\-߃ A¿∏n-°p-∂p. AXn-
\p-tijw At±lw ]d-bp∂p: am\-hIp-e-Øns‚ A`n-
am\ta! acp-`q-\n-hmko! ]nim-Nns\ \nl-\n-°m-\m-bn,
h≥i‡n Aßp kw`hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tæO i{Xp-°-
fn¬\n∂pw Aßv kwc-£n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. k¿h-i-
‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-cq-]ta! Rm≥ Aßsb
A\p-k-cn-°p∂ Hcp injy≥ am{Xw!''
apl-ΩZv \_n-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Cu kvXpXn-Ko-X-
Øn¬ hymk al¿jn Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃
hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p: 1. \_n-bpsS t]cv apl-Ωs- Z∂v
hy‡-ambpw {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. 2. At±-l-Øns‚
cmPyw aW-em-cWy-amb Atd-_y-bm-Ip-∂p. kvXpXn-
Ko-X-Ønse acp-ÿ-ew, Atd-_y≥ acp-`q-an-sb -kq-Nn-
∏n-°p-∂p. 3. \_n-bpsS injy-K-W-ßsf {]tXyIw
FSp-Øp-]-d™n-cn-°p-∂p. apl-ΩZv \_n-°p≈{X
kJm-°ƒ as‰mcp {]hm-N-I∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. 4.
ssZhnI kwc-£Ww ImcWw At±lw F√m ]m]-
ß-fn¬\n∂pw ap‡-\m-bn-cn-°pw. 5. C¥y≥ cmPmhv
At±-lsØ BZ-cn-°pw. 6. -_nw-_m-cm-[\ At±lw
Ah-km-\n-∏n-°pw. 7. i{Xp-°-fn¬\n∂v A¤p-X-I-
camwhÆw ssZhw At±-lsØ c£n-°pw. 8. k¿h-i-
‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ASn-a-bm-bn-cn°pw
\_n. 9. al¿jn At±-lsØ _lp-am-\n-°pw. 10. a\p-
jy-Ip-eØ - ns‚ A`n-am-\a- mbn At±lw IW-°m-°s- ∏-
Spw.
hymk-a-l¿jn-bpsS as‰mcp {]h-N\w `hn-jy-
]p-cm-W-Ønse 10 sXm´v 27 hsc-bp≈ t«mI-ß-fn¬
ImWmw. Ah Cßs\ kw{K-ln-°mw:
""tæO-∑m¿ {]kn-≤-amb Ad_v cmPyw \in-∏n-
®n-cn-°p-∂p. Bcy-[¿aw AhnsS Fhn-sSbpw ImWp-
∂n-√. "{_“' F∂ hntijWtØmsS {]kn-≤-\mb
apl-ΩZ- ns\ ss]im-NnI i{Xp-°f - psS am¿K-Z¿i-\Ø
- n-
\mbn Ab-®n-cn-°p-∂p. At±lw ss]im-NnI i{Xp-
°sf ip≤o-I-cn-°p∂ Xnc-°n-em-Wv.''
""Fs‚ ]n≥Kman tNem-I¿aw sNøp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-
°pw. Ah¿ IpSpa (pigtail) sh°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-I-
bn-√. XmSn-hf - ¿Øpw. hnπhw krjvSn-°pw. ]c-ky-ambn
{]m¿Y-\-bn-te°v £Wn-°pw. ]∂n amwkw Hgn-®p≈
an° amwkhpw `£n-°pw. ip≤o-Ic- n-°m≥ GsX-¶nepw
Ip‰n-s®-Sn-Isf B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-cw, Xo£vW-
amb ka-cØ - n-eqsS (Pn-lm-Zn-eq-sS) Ah¿ ip≤o-Ic- Ww
B{K- l n- ° pw. Akm- ∑ m¿KnI hyh- ÿ n- X nsb
FXn¿°p∂ Ah¿ apkvenw-Iƒ F∂mWv hnfn-°-s∏-
Sp-I. amwk-`p-°pI-fpsS XØz-kw-ln-X-bnse AwK-am-
Ip∂p Rm≥.''
Cu {]h-N-\-Øn¬ hymk-a-l¿jn Xmsg ]dp-
b∂ Imcy-߃ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p:
apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v 153
 1. Ckvem-an\p apºp-≈, Akm-∑m¿KnI Pohn-X-
Øn¬ B]-Xn-®p-t]mb Ad-_n-Isf a\- nem°n-Ø-
cp-∂p. 2. Bcy-[¿aw Atd-_ybn¬ A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-cn-
°p-∂p. 3. \_n-bpsS i{Xp-°ƒ A{_-lØv \in®
t]mse \in- ° pw. 4. kXy- Ø ns‚ i{Xp- ° sf
am¿KZ¿i\w sNøm≥ hcp∂ apl-Ω-Zn\v {_“ F∂
{]tXyI t]cv \¬I-s∏-Spw. {]“ F∂ kwkvIr-X-]-
Z-Øn\v kvXpXn-KoXw F∂ A¿Yhpw D≠v. apl-ΩZv
F∂ ]Z-Øn\v "kvXpXn-°-s∏-´-h≥' F∂¿Yw D≈Xv
kvac-Wo-ba- m-Wv. At±-lw- Xs‚ cmjv{S-\n¿am-WØ - n¬
kZm PmK-cq-I\ - m-bn-cn-°pw. 5. Ad-_n-If - psS cmPy-tØ-
°p-t]m-Im≥ C¥y≥ cmPmhv `b-s∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬
At±-lsØ C¥y-bn¬ sh®p-Xs∂ ip≤o-I-cn-°m-hp-
∂-XmWv. apkvenw-Iƒ C¥y Iog-S°pw. 6. \_n(-k)-
bpsS BK-a\w hnI-ea- mb Bcy≥ hnizm-kß - sf icn-
sh-°p-∂t- Xm-sS, AXn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Snb ]pØ≥ BNm-
c-ß-fn-te°v hnc¬ Nq≠p-Ibpw sNøpw. 7. \_n-bpsS
A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ, tNem-I¿aw \SØpw, XmSn hf¿Øpw,
IpSpa sh°p-I-bn-√. temI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ hnπm-hm-[ym-
b-߃ krjvSn-°pw. 8. Cu ]pXnb aX-Øn¬ \nKq-V-
ß-fmbn H∂pw Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ib - n-√. {]m¿Y-\°p
D®- Ø n¬ P\- ß sf £Wn- ° p- I bpw sNøpw. 9.
]∂namwkw \njn-≤a- m-bn-cn-°pw. 10. kz¥w ico-ct- Øm-
Sp≈ Pnlm-ZmWv G‰hpw henb Pnlm-sZ∂v {]Jym-
]n-®p. \_n-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ hnπ-h-Øn-eqsS ˛Pn-
lm-Zn-eqsS aX-{]-t_m-[\w \S-Øpw. 11. Cu {]tXy-I-
X-tbmsS temI-Øp-h-cp-∂-h¿ apkvenw-Iƒ F∂ \ma-
t[-b-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Spw.
"tæO' F∂ ]Z-{]-tbm-Kw, ta¬]-d™ t«mI-
Øn¬ \nc-¥cw D]-tbm-Kn-®Xp ImWmw. {]Ya ZrjvSym
Cu ]Zw NoØ A¿Yw tZymXn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw,
hymk-a-l¿jn Xosc `n∂-amb A¿YtØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-
Wv Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-sX∂ Imcyw hy‡-a-
s{X.
`hn-jy¬]p-cmWw t]Pv 256,257-˛¬ tæO F∂
]Z-Øn\v At±lw sImSpØ hni-Zo-Ic- Ww {i≤n-°pI:
"[m¿anI Hu∂-Xyhpw _p≤n-Iq¿a-Xb - p-ap≈ k¬°¿a-
Im-cnbpw ssZh-Zm-k-\p-am-Wv hnth-In-bmb tæO≥.'
Bcy-∑m-scbpw skan-‰p-I-sfbpw temI-Øp≈
apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-hw-i-sØbpw D≤-cn-°m≥ Atd-_y-
bn¬ PmX-\mb PK-ZvKp-cp-hm-bn-cp∂p apl-ΩZv \_n.
ta¬ {]h-N-\-Ønse "Bcy-[¿aw' G‰hpw ]cn-
ip-≤am-sW-∂m-Wt√m a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. Bcy-hw-i-
߃°v bYm¿Y [¿aw shfn-s∏-SpØnb ImeØv AXv
]cn- i p- ≤ - a m- b n- c p- s ∂∂ Imcy- Ø n¬ kwi- b - a n- √ .
]n¬°m-eØv {_m“-W-cpsS ssII-S-Ø-ep-Iƒ Im-
cWw B ip≤ Bcy-[¿aw hnI-e-am-°-s∏-´p. apl-ΩZv
\_n-bpsS P\-\-k-a-bØv Bcy-[¿a-Øn\v kw`-hn®
NypXn-bmWv hymk-al - ¿jn hy‡-am-°n-bX - v. tæO[¿a-
Øns‚ (C-kvemw) {]tXy-I-X, hymk-a-l¿jn-Xs∂
hy‡-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
`hn-jy-]p-cmWw ]¿hw 111:1,4, 21-˛23-˛-¬- C-ßs\
ImWmw:
154 apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v
""C¥ybnse Ggv ]cn-ip≤ \K-c-ß-fn¬ Agn-a-
Xnbpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw km¿h-{Xn-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
cm£-k-∑mcpw j_m-dp-Ifpw _n√p-Ifpw a‰p ]ma-c-
∑m-cmb P\-ßfpw C¥y-bn¬ hkn-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p.
tæO-∑m-cpsS \m´n¬ tæO-[¿a(-C-kvemw)Øns‚
h‡m-°ƒ hnth-In-Ifpw ss[cy-im-en-I-fp-am-Ip-∂p.
apkvenw-If
- n¬ F√m k¬kz-`m-hß
- fpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Bcy≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ F√m Xn∑-Ifpw HØp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-
°p-∂p. Ckvemw C¥y-sbbpw Ab¬ Zzo]p-I-sfbpw
`cn-°pw. Hm! ap\o! CsX√mw Adn-bn-°-s∏-´p-h-t√m.
AXp-sIm≠v Aß-bpsS c£n-Xm-hns\ ]pI-gvØn-
bmepw.''
AY¿h-th-Z-Ønse
{]h-N-\-߃
{_“thZ-sa∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ AY¿h-th-Zw,
ssZhn-I-sa∂v lnµp-°ƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. 5987 a{¥-
ß-fp≈ AY¿hth-Zw, (C-h-bn¬ NneXv ]Zy-cq-]-Øn-
em-Wv) khn-Xm-k-Xr-[¿aw (Cu-iz-cs‚ AkvXn-Xz-
Øns‚ \nb-a-amWv kXyw) F∂v DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂p.
\c-Is- Ø-∏‰- nbpw kz¿K-sØ-∏‰- nbpw hni-Zo-Ic- n-°p∂
AY¿h-th-Zw, bp≤w Fßs\ \S-Ø-W-sa∂pw amc-
I-tcm-K-߃ Fßs\ NnIn-’n-°-W-sa-∂p-IqSn ]Tn-
∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. CXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw apfi-tIm-]\ - n-j-
Øn¬ AY¿h-th-ZsØ {_“-hn-Zy, AYhm ssZhn-I-
⁄m-\-sa∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.
CuPn-]vXnepw _m_n-tem-Wn-bb - nepw B[p-\nI
ImeØv \S-Ø-s∏´ D¬J-\-\-Øn¬\n∂v a\- n-em-
Ip-∂X - v, ss__n-fns‚ bYm¿Y t{kmX- p-Iƒ _m_-
n- t em- W n- b ≥ ‰mªn- ‰ p- I (Babylonian Tablcts)fmsW-
∂mWv. _m_n-tem-Wn-b≥ thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n-∂mWv
thZ-ß-fnse apJy-hn-j-b-ßfpw IS-sa-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv.
CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ _\m-dkv lnµp k¿h-I-em-im-
e-bnse tUmIvS¿ {]m¨\mYv 1935-˛¬ ssSwkv Hm^v
C¥y-bn¬, ss__nfpw thZhpw CuPn]vXpw XΩn-
ep≈ _‘-sØ-∏‰n Fgp-Xnb teJ\w {]tXyIw
{it≤-b-am-Wv.
CuPn-]vXn-s\-∏-‰nbpw _m_n-tem-Wn-s\-]-‰nbpw
cmPm-°-∑m-sc-∏-‰nbpw Ah-cpsS bp≤-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw
EtKz-ZØ - n¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p-s≠∂ B teJ-\Ø - nse ]cm-
a¿iw Ncn-{X-ZrjvSym {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.
AY¿h-th-Z-Ønse Ip¥hx kq‡w
AY¿h-th-Z-Ønse 20-˛mw A[ym-b-Ønse Nne
kq‡-ßsf Ip¥hx kq‡-ß-sf-∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-
Xv. F√m h¿jm-h-km-\hpw lnµp ]fin-‰p-Iƒ IqSn-
bn-cp∂v Cu kq‡w {]tXyIw Dcp-hn-Sp-∂-Xn¬\n-∂p-
Xs∂ CXns‚ {]m[m\yw Duln-°mw. IqSmsX h≥k-
tΩ-f-\-ß-fnepw {]tXyI {]m¿Y-\-I-fnepw Cu a{¥w
P]n-°m-dp-≠v.
Ip¥hx F∂ ]Z-Øn\v "ZpxJ-ß-sfbpw Zpcn-X-
ß-sfbpw Zqco-Ic- n-°p-∂h
- ≥' F∂¿Yw ImWmw. k]vX-
Zpx-J-ß-fn¬\n-s∂√mw a\p-jys\ tamNn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp
hy‡n-sb-∏‰- n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿iw D≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cu
kq‡-Øn\v Ip¥hx kq‡w F∂ t]¿ h∂-Xv.
 Ckvem-ans‚ ktµ-ihpw apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS
A[ym- ] - \ - ß fpw hkv X p- \ n- j v T - a mbn hne- b n- c p-
Øptºmƒ, temI-Øp≈ kakvX ZpxJ-߃°pw ]cn-
lm-ca- m-bn-´mWv Ckvemw h∂-sX∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
Ckvemw F∂ ]Zw Xs∂ Cu e£yw tZymXn-∏n-
°p∂p:
Ip¥hx F∂ ]Z-Øn\v "DZ-c-Ønse Hfn™p
InS-°p∂ {KŸn-Iƒ' F∂¿Yhpw D≠v. Cu a{¥-
߃°v Cu A¿Yw D≠m-bXv Ah-bpsS \nKq-V-amb
A¿YsØ kqNn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n IqSn-bm-Imw. IqSmsX
AXns‚ A¿Yw `mhn-bn¬ ]pe-tc-≠X - p-sIm-≠p-am-Imw.
C\n \ap-°v, Cu kq‡-Øns‚ \nKq-V-Xsb
A\m-hc- Ww sNøm≥ {ian-°mw. Cu kq‡w `qan-bpsS
\m`n-bp-ambn ˛tI-{µ-_n-µp-hp-am-bn˛ _‘-s∏-´X - m-sW∂v
ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
a°m ]´-W-Øn\v "DΩp¬Jpdm' (]-´-W-ß-fpsS
amXm-hv) As√-¶n¬ `qan-bpsS \m`n Fs∂ms° A¿Y-
ap-≈-Xmbn ImWmw. ssZhm-cm-[-\-°mbn `qan-bn¬
\n¿an-°-s∏´ BZy-tK-lhpw Chn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿-
B≥ Cu Imcyw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
Jp¿-B\ - n¬ a°m ]´-WØ - n\v c≠v ]Z-߃ D]-
tbm-Kn-®-Xmbn ImWmw˛ _° F∂pw a° F∂pw.
_° F∂ ]Z-Øn\v h£- v, kvX\w Fs∂ms°
A¿Yw sImSp-°mw. a° F∂ ]Z-Øn\v ASn-h-b-dv,
DZcw F∂pw A¿Yw \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Hcp Ip™v amXm-hn¬\n∂v hf¿®-°m-h-iy-amb
t]mj-Iß - ƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv DZ-cØ - n¬\n∂v AYhm
s]m°nƒs°m-Sn-bn¬\n-∂pw {]k-h-tijw kvX\-
Øn¬\n-∂p-am-Wv.
Ip¥hx F∂ ]Zw, a°t°m _°-t°m- ]-Icw
\n¬°p∂ ]Z-am-Ip-∂p. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v BZysØ
[m¿anI t]mjWw e`n-®Xpw ChnsS \n∂m-bn-cp∂p
F∂Xv Hcp Ncn{XhkvXpX am{X-am-Wv.
Zo¿L-Imew Cu Ip¥h kq‡w Zpcq-l-am-bn-cp-
∂p. emtlm¿ Un.-F.hn tImtf-Pnse {]^-kd- m-bn-cp∂
]fin‰v cmPm-dmapw {]^-k¿ {Kn^vØpw amIvkv
ap≈dpw, tUmIv S ¿ ssh‰v \ n- b pw (Whitney), Fw.
ªq^o¬Upw a‰p ]fin-X-∑mcpw Ip¥h-xkq‡w Hcp
{]tl-fn-I-bm-bn-Øs∂ ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬
apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS BK-a-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ip¥hx
kq‡w Hcp Ipg-°p∂ {]iv\-a-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. DZ-
c-Øn¬ Hfn-™p-In-S-∂n-cp∂ {KŸn-Iƒ, Ct∏mƒ a\p-
jy-hw-i-Øn\v t]mjWw \¬Ip-∂, kvX\-Øn-eqsS
Hgp-Ip-∂, B sh≈ \nd-Øn-ep≈ £oc-ambn amdn-bn-
cn-°p-∂p.
Cu a{¥- Ø n- \ v , ªq^o¬Upw {Kn^v Ø pw,
]fin‰v cmPm-dmapw ]fin‰v JwJ-c\pw (A-e-l_m-
Zv) A¿Yw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. Ah-cpsS hymJym-\-ßsf
samØ-Øn¬ Cßs\ kw{K-ln°mw:
""P\-ßtf! _lp-am-\-]p-c- cw CXv {i≤n°q!
kv X pXy¿l≥ hmgv Ø - s ∏- S pw. A√tbm Iuc-
am(Kaurama), cpj-am-jns‚ (Rushamas) CS-bn¬\n∂p
\mw Adp-]-Xn-\m-bn-chpw sXmÆqdpw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-
°p∂p'' (Ip-¥-hx-kq-‡w).
Cu a{¥-Øns‚ \mev hymJym-\-ß-fn¬ Xmsg
]d-bp∂ \mev hkvXp-X-Iƒ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´-Xmbn
ImWmw.
1. BcmWv hmgvØ-s∏-´-h≥. 2. Adp-]-Xn-\m-bn-
chpw sXmÆqdpw F¥ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. 3. F¥p-
sIm≠v Cu Imcyw P\-߃ _lp-am-\] - p-c 
- cw {i≤n-
°-Ww. 4. "cpj-amjpw' "Iuc-ambpw' F¥ns\ kqNn-
∏n-°p∂p?
]pcm-X\ C¥y≥ Ncn{Xw Cu a{¥-Øn¬ ]cm-
ar-jvS-amb H∂n-te°pw shfn®pw hoip-∂n-√. F∂m¬
Ckvem-ans‚ BZy-Ime Ncn-{X-Øn-te-°v, Cu a{¥w
i‡n-bmbn hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂Xv \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-
bpw.
apl-ΩZv F∂ ]ZØns‚ A¿Yw hmgvØ-s∏-´-
h≥ F∂m-Ip-∂p.
inAv_p-_-\o-lm-in-anse A_q-Xzm-en-_ns‚
ho´n-em-bn-cp∂p \_n-bpsS P\-\w. \_n P\n-®-t∏mƒ
amXmhv Ip´n-bpsS ]nXm-a-ls‚ ASp-°te°v B
kt¥mj hm¿Ø-bp-ambn Bsf Ab-®p. At±lw
Ip´n°v apl-ΩZv F∂v t]¿ hnfn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Ad-_n-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ apºv Cu t]¿ {]Nm-c-Øn-ep-
≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
Adp-]-Xn-\m-bncw F∂Xv a°-bnse P-\-kw-
Jysb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ah¿ `qcn-`m-Khpw \_n(k)-
sb FXn¿°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. "cpj-amjv' F∂Xv \_n(-
k)-bpsS i{Xp-°-sf-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
"Iuca' F∂Xv \_n-bpsS hnti-j-W-am-Wv.
A¿Yw IpSn-tbdn∏m¿Ø-h≥, As√-¶n¬ kam-[m-
\sØ t{]m’m-ln-∏n°p∂-h≥.
Ip¥hx kq‡- Ø n¬ henb {]h- N - \ - ß ƒ
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂X - p-sIm-≠m-Wv, Cu a{¥w k{i≤w {ihn-
°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xv. \mev thZ-ß-fn¬ C{X-b-[nIw
Xm¬]-cy-]q¿hw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNø-s∏´ a{¥-߃
hfsc hnc-f-am-Wv.
Cu a{¥-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn® "kvXhn-jytX' F∂
kwkvIrX ]Zw `mhn-Ime {Inb-bmWv. "Ah-≥ hmgvØ-
s∏Spw' F∂m-W¿Yw.
Hcp e£-Øn¬]cw {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ apl-ΩZv
\_n-bmWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]pI-gvØ-s∏-´, hmgvØ-
s∏-´ {]hm-N-I≥ F∂Xv Hcp Ncn-{X-bm-Ym¿Yy-a-s{X.
F√m thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS BK-a-\-
sØ-]‰n Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNbvXXv {it≤-ba- mb as‰mcp
hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. i{Xp-°fpw an{X-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse
\_n(k)sb ]pI-gvØp-I-bp-≠m-bn. F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-
Unb {_n´m-\n° apl-ΩZv \_nsb G‰hpw IqSp-X¬
hnPbw hcn® {]hm-N-I-s\∂v ]pI-gvØn-∏-d-bp-∂p.
thZ-E-jn, "\cm-iw-k-kvX-hn-jytX' F∂p ]pI-
gv Ø n- b - X ns‚ A¿Yw "apl- Ω Zv ]pI- g v Ø - s ∏- S pw,
At±lw kvXpXy¿l-\m-Ip∂p' F∂m-Wv. apl-ΩZv
F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw Cu a{¥-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-
s∏´ ]Z-hp-ambn ]q¿W-ambpw tbmPn-°p-∂p.
]pI-gvØ-s∏-´, kvXpXy¿l-\mb apl-Ω-Zns‚
apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v 155
 as‰m-c-S-bmfw At±lw "Iuc-a\m'bncn°pw F∂-Xm-
Wv. Iuc-a≥ F∂-Xns‚ ]Zm¿Yw, \_n-bpsS Pohn-X-
Ønse lnPvd-sbbpw, kam-[m-\-Øn\pw im¥n°pw
th≠n \ne-sIm≈p∂ Ckvem-an-s\bpw \_n-bpsS
kam-[m-\t- {]-as- Øbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. IqSmsX 60000-
˛-tØmfw i{Xp-°ƒ°n-S-bn-em-Wv, A√mlp apl-ΩZv
\_n°v {]tXyIw kwc-£Ww \¬In-b-Xv. Cu kwc-
£Ww sIm≠p am{X-amWv \_n°v hnPbw hcn-°m≥
Ign-™-Xv. Ip¥h kq‡-Ønse "\cm-iwk' F∂
]Zw aplΩZv \_nsb Ipdn-°p∂p F∂v Icp-Xmt\
\ymb-ap-≈q.
Ip¥hx kq‡-Ønse c≠m-asØ a{¥-Øns‚
A¿Yw Cß-s\-bmWv:
""At±-ls- Øbpw `mcy-am-scbpw AXn-th-KØ - n¬
Nen-°p-∂, CW-I-tfmSv IqSnb Ccp-]Xv H´-I-ß-fmWv
hen-°p-∂-Xv. H´Iw hen-°p∂ B cYw BIm-i-hp-
ambn ap´ptam F∂ `b-Øm¬, \{a-am-bn-´mWv \n¬°p-
∂-Xv. cY-Øns‚ ta¬`mKw BIm-isØ kv]¿in-°pw-
hn[w Db-c-Øn-emWv.''
Ip¥hx kq‡-Ønse H∂m-asØ a{¥-Øn¬
]cm-a¿in® hy‡n Xs∂-bmWv Chn-sSbpw ]cm-a¿in-
°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. "H´-I-∏p-dØv bm{X sNøp∂ At±-l-
Øns‚ cY-Øns‚ Dbcw BIm-i-tØmfw Db¿∂p
\n¬°p∂p' F∂ {]kvXmhw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ
]e Imcy-ßfpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Hcp C¥y≥
Ejn H´-I-∏p-dØv bm{X sNøp-sa∂v \mw {]Xo-£n-
t°-≠Xn-√. am{X-a√, a\p-kvarXn V: 8-18˛¬, H´-I-
Øns‚ ]mepw amwkhpw C¥y≥ Ejn°v \njn-≤-am-
°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ChnsS kvac-Wo-ba- m-Wv. IqSmsX "H´-
I-∏p-dtØm Igp-X-∏p-dtØm {_m“-W≥bm{X sNøp-
I-bm-sW-¶nepw \·-\mbn kv\m\w sNøp-I-bm-sW-
¶nepw Abmƒ Aip-≤cmIpw' F∂pw a\p-kvarXn ]d-
bp-∂p-≠v. CXn¬\n∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂Xv: {]kvXpX
a{¥-Ønse Ejn C¥y≥ Ejn-b√ - . AtX-ka- bw apl-
ΩZv \_n-bpsS {][m\ hml\w H´-I-am-bn-cp∂p F∂
Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°-hp-an-√.
Gsd ASp-ØXp ImcWw BImiw ap´ptam
F∂ `b-Øm¬ cYw \{a-am-bn -\n¬°p∂p F∂ a{¥-
Ønse ]cm-a¿iw, Db¿®-bpsS ]mc-ay-Ønepw \_n-
bpsS hn\-b-`m-h-sØbpw ssZh-`-b-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xm-hmw. hnP-bhpw hn\-bhpw hnkv-a-bm-h-l-amw-
hn[w Hcp-an-®p-tN¿∂XpsIm-≠m-Wt√m At±lw Ncn-
{X-Ønse AXpey ]pcp-j-\m-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv.
_p≤-{]-h-N-\-ß-fnse ssat{X-bbpw
apl-ΩZv \_nbpw
Ing-°≥ XocsØ I´m-°nse PK\mYn¬\n∂v
20 \mgnI AI-se-bp≈ "t[mfn'(Dhauli)bn¬\n∂v
In´nb Icn-¶¬ ]mdbnse inem-enJn-X-amWv _p≤-
s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ icn-bmb Nn{Xw \ap°v \¬Ip-∂-Xv.
t[mfn inem-en-JnXw (Dhauli Inscritpion) -F∂ t]cn-
emWv CXv Adn-bs- ∏-Sp-∂X
- v. Cu c≠p inem-tc-JI
- fpw
_p≤-a-XsØ ]‰n-bp≈ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Ifpw Bi-b-°p-
156 apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v
g-∏-ßfpw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂p. Cu inem-
en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬, Dt√-J\w sNø-s∏´ ]Zw "Ckm\'
(ISANA) F∂m-Wv. AXns‚ A¿Yw c£-I≥, ssZhw,
bP-am-\≥, kwc-£-I≥ Fs∂m-s°-bm-sW-∂mWv
inhdmw B]v‰n-(Shivaram Apti)bpsS kwkvIr-X-˛-Cw-
•ojv \nL-≠p-hn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.
injy-∑m¿ Xs∂ kvXpXn-°p-∂X - v _p≤≥ CjvS-
s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. Hcn-°¬ h’-e-in-jy-\mb kmcn-]p-{X≥-
(Sariputra) Cßs\ ]d™p: ""alm-flm-th! Aß-bp-
tS-Xn-t\-°mƒ al-Xz-ta-dn-b, Kw`o-ca- mb Hcp aXw CXp-
hsc D≠m-bn-´n-√. Ct∏mƒ C√. C\n D≠m-hp-I-bp-
an√.'' _p≤≥ kzXx-kn-≤-amb im¥-X-tbmSpw \¿a-
t_m-[t- ØmSpw tNm-Zn-®p: ""icn-bmWv kmcn-]p-{Xm. CXp-
hsc temI-Øp-≠m-bn-´p≈ F√m _p≤-∑m-scbpw \n\-
°-dn-bmtam?'' "C√ Kptcm'˛ kmcn-]p-{X≥ {]Xn-h-Nn-®p.
"C\n hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ _p≤-∑m-sc-∏‰n \n\-°d- n-bmtam?'
"Adn-bn√ Kptcm.' "F∂m¬ kmcn-]p-{Xm, C{X ss[cy-
ambn, kwi-b-te-i-at\y \n\°v Fßs\ AXp ]d-
bm≥ Ign™p?' (`mc-Xob ss]Xr-Iw _p≤-s‚- Po-hn-
Xw, t]Pv 171).
_p≤≥, kmcn-]p-{X-t\mSv ]d™p˛ ImIp-k-
¥bpw (kakusandha) sImsW-Ka- \ - bpw (konagamana)
Ikm-∏bpw (kasapa) ChnsS Pohn-®pIgn™n-cn- °p∂p.
Rm≥ {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ Hcp _p≤-\s- {X. F∂m¬
Fs‚ tijw ssat{X-b (Maitreya) hcpw. AtXmsS
Cu l¿jP N{Iw ({]-hm-NI - i- rw-Je
- ) Ah-km-\n-°pw.
Cusb-Ønb _p≤≥, _p≤-∑m-cn¬ ]c-tam-∂X ]Z-a-
e- ¶ - c n- ° p- ∂ - h \pw a\p- j y¿°p t\XrXzw \¬Ip-
∂h\pw hgn-Im´nbpam-bn-cn°pw' (_¿aokv t{kmX- p-
I-fn¬\n-∂v).
B\-µ≥ A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mb _p≤-t\mSv ]d-
™p˛
"alm-flmth! Aßv t]mbn-°g- n-™m¬ Rßsf
Bcv ]Tn-∏n°pw?'
At∏mƒ _p≤≥ ]d™p: ""`qan-bn¬ h∂ BZy-
sØtbm Ah-km-\-sØtbm _p≤-\√ Rm≥. ]cn-ip-
≤\pw Bflo-b-ambpw km∑m¿Kn-I-ambpw Db¿∂
⁄m\ {]Im-i\w e`n-®-h-\p-amb {]_p-≤-\mb Hcp
_p≤≥ bYm-k-abw hcpw. kz`mhw sIm≠pw XØz-
⁄m\w sIm≠pw AXp-ey-\m-bn-cn°pw At±-lw. a\p-
jy¿°pw amem-Ja- m¿°pw t\Xm-hm-bn-cn°pw At±-lw.
Rm≥ \n߃°p shfn-hm-°nØ∂ AtX Znhy-k-Xy-
߃ At±-lhpw \nßsf ]Tn-∏n-°pw. D¬]-Øn-
sIm≠pw D®m-h-ÿ-sIm≠pw D∂w-sIm≠pw At±lw
sIm≠p-h-cp∂ Pohn-X-]-≤Xn bi-kvI-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.
\n¿a-e-am-bXpw kºq¿W-am-b-Xp-amb Hcp Pohn-X-]-≤-
Xn-bm-bn-cn°pw At±lw {]t_m-[\w sNøp-I. F\n°p
iX-°W - °
- n\v A\p-bm-bnIfp≈-t∏mƒ At±-lØ - n\v
kl-{k-°-W-°n\v A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn°pw.''
At∏mƒ B\-µ≥ tNmZn®p: ""Fß-s\-bmWv
R߃ At±-lsØ Adn-bpI?''
_p≤≥ adp-]Sn ]d™p: ""ssa-Xnb F∂ t]cn-
em-bn-cn°pw At±lw Adn-b-s∏-SpI'' (kn-tem¨
t{kmX- p-I-fn¬\n-∂v-˛Gospel of Buddha by Carus).
_p≤s‚ a‰p kw`m- j - W - ß - f n¬ hcm≥
t]mIp∂ _p≤s\ saØntbm (Metteyyo) F∂pw
Adm-lØv (Arahet) F∂pw ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
CXns‚ A¿Yw bYm-{Iaw Zbmep F∂pw ]cn-≤≥
F∂p-am-Wv.
ssN\o-kv, kwkvIrX t{kmX- p-I-fnepw Xn_-
Ø≥ t{kmX- p-If - nepw "ssa{Xnb'sb] ‰nbp≈ hnti-
j-W-ß-fpw, BK-a-\-sØ-]-‰n-bp≈ {]h-N-\-ßfpw
ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
ssN\okv kwkvIrX t{kmX- p-I-fn¬ ssa{Xn-
b-bpsS icocw kz¿W \nd-Øn-ep-≈Xpw Xnf-°-ap-≈-
Xp-am-sW-∂pw, Krlw hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂-tXmsS ]cn-]q¿W
_p≤-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-h-\p-am-sW∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p.
_p≤-aX {KŸ-ß-fn-se√mw _p≤≥ Zo¿L-
Z¿i\w sNbvX "ssa-{Xn-b' hyXykvX `mj-I-fn¬
A¬] kz¬] hyXym-kß - t- fmsS ]cm-a¿in-°s∏-´Xp
ImWmw. kwkvIr-XØ - n¬ ssa{Xnb (Maitreya)sb∂pw
]men-bn¬ saX-ø(Metteyya)sb∂pw _¿aokv `m-j-
bn¬ Ac-ta-Znb(Aramidea)-F∂pw ssN\okv `mj-bn¬
ssaXm-enb-(Meitaliya) F∂pw Xn_-Ø≥ `mj-I-fn¬
taXm-enb (Meita-liya) F∂pw P∏m-\okv `mj-I-fn¬
"antdmIp' (Miroku) F∂p-amWv ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-
Xv.
C\n \ap°v ]men-bnse saXø-(Metteyya)bpsS
Cw•ojv kam-\m¿Yw t\m°mw.
1. kvt\l-in-£-I≥ (Techer- of Love) amIvkv
ap≈¿. 2. kvt\l-Øns‚ {]`p (Lord of Love) F. [¿a-
]m¬. 3. Zbm-io-e≥ (he whose name is kindness) Imdkv.
4. DZm-c_- p-≤≥ (Buddha of kindness) ssdkv tUhnUvkv.
5. km¿h-eu-InI t{]aw (Universal Love) F¬. \dm-
kp. 6. kmtlm-Zc- y-Øns‚ _p≤≥ (Buddha of brotherly
love) en√n. 7. kulr-Z-Øns‚ _p≤≥ (Buddha of
friendlines) t^mkvt_mƒ. 8. Icp-Wb - p-≈h
- ≥ (Merciful)
hneyw ÃoUv.
saX-ø-bpsS Cw•ojv kam-\m-¿Yw a\- n-em°n
ssa{Xn-b-bpsS Ad-_nIv kam-\m¿Y ]Zw At\z-jn-
°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ "dlvaØv' F∂ ]Zw AXpƒs°m-
≈p-∂X - mbn ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. dlvaØv F∂ ]Z-Øn\v
loving, kindness, friendliness, compassion, mercy,
benevolence F∂o A¿Y-ß-sf√mw tbmPn-°pw.
A¿d-lvam≥, A¿dlow F∂o ]Z-߃ dlvaØv
F∂ ]Z-Øn¬\n∂v hyp¬]-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.
dlv a Øv F∂ ]Zw ]q¿W- a mbpw saXø
(Metteyya) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p
F∂Xv `mjm-]-c-ambn Aw-Ko-I-cn-°s∏´ hkvXp-X-bm-
Wv.
saXø (Metteyya) F∂ ]Zw saX (Metta) F∂
]Z-Øn¬\n∂v hyp¬]-∂-am-b-Xm-Wv. taX kq‡
(Mette Sutta)Øn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw:
"HcΩ Xs‚ Poh≥ XrW-h¬K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v
Xs‚ Ip™ns\ c£n-°m≥ {ian°pw t]mse, F√m-
hcpw kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSv Zbm-hm-bv]n¬ s]cp-am-d-s´.'
ssa{Xnb _p≤≥ apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bm-sW∂v
kq£va-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
Jp¿-B\ - n¬ A¬-Aº - n-bmAv A[ym-bØ - n¬ 107-
˛mw kq‡-Øns‚ A¿Yw Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p.
""temI-Ønse P\-hn-`m-K-߃°v Hc-\p-{K-l-am-
bn-´p-X-s∂-bmWv \ns∂ (ap-l-ΩZv \_n-sb) \mw Ab-
®n-cn-°p-∂Xv''.
kqd Xu_-bnse 61-˛mw kq‡w: ""I]-Sh - n-izm-kn-
I-fn¬Xs∂ as‰mcp hn`m-K-°m-cp-≠v. Ah¿ \_n°p
at\m-th-Z\ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. (B-sc¥p ]d-
™m-epw) F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-h-\mWv At±-lsa∂v
Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. (Hm \_o) \o (A-h-tcm-Sv) ]d-bp-I;
\nß-fpsS \∑°v th≠n am{X-amWv F√mw sNhn-sIm-
SpØv tIƒ°p-∂-Xv. At±lw A√m-lp-hn¬ hniz-kn-
°p-∂p. bYm¿Y hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw At±lw hniz-kn-
°p-∂p. \nß-fn¬ kXy-hn-izmkw ssIs°m-≠-h¿°v
(A-t±lw al-Øm-b) Hc-\p-{K-l-am-Wv. (\n-ß-tfm¿°-
Ww) ssZh-Zq-X∂p at\m-th-Z\ D≠m-°p-∂h - ¿°p thZ-
\m-P-\-I-amb in£-bm-Wp-≈-Xv.
]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]e-Xh - W apl-ΩZv \_nsb
dlvaØv (ssa-{Xn-b) F∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.
IqSmsX apl-ΩZv \_n Xm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´Xv Imcp-
Wy-Øns‚ {]hm-NI - \
- m-bn-´m-sW∂v ]d-™X - mbn lZo-
kp-I-fn¬ ImWmw. DlpZv bp≤-Øn¬Xs∂ tZtlm-]-
{Zhw sNbvX i{Xp-°sf i]n-°m≥ kJm-°ƒ Bh-
iy-s∏-´t- ∏mƒ "Xm¶ƒ Ab-°s- ∏-´Xv i]n-°m-\s- √∂pw
ssZh-Øn-te°v £Wn-°m\pw Imcp-Wy-hm-\m-bn-´p-am-
sW'∂pw At±lw ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. "ssa{Xnb'sb
hni-Zo-Ic- n-°p∂ [mcmfw kw`-hß - ƒ \_n-bpsS Pohn-
X-Øn-ep-≠v. Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ {]hm-NI - \
- m-bn-cp∂p apl-
ΩZv \_n-sb∂Xv temI Ncn-{X-Im-c∑ - m¿ apgp-h≥ FSp-
Øp-]-d™ Imcy-am-Wv.
apl-ΩZv \_n hnti-jm¬]-Xn∏v 157