II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 7 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2006

Gagan: Why was your little daughter crying so
long this morning?
(O’ Å´÷t®· §Òü¿’l† Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤ àúø’-≤Úhç-
üËçöÀ?)
Jagan: Her mother did not give her the sweet it
wanted.
(ÅC ÅúÕ-T† sweet ¢√∞¡x´’t É´y™‰ü¿’)
Gagan: She should have given it. Then you
should not have let the child cry so
long.
(Å®·ûË Éaç-ú≈-LqçC. Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤ Ç -§ƒ°æ-†’
àúÕ-°œç-î√-LqçC é¬ü¿’.)
Jagan: If the doctor had not advised us against
it, we would have given it.
(Doctor É¢Ìy-ü¿lE Ææ©£æ… É´y-èπ◊çú≈ Öçõ‰,
ÉîËa-¢√-∞¡x¢Ë’)
Gagan: Why, has she been ill?
(àçöÀ, §ƒ°æèπ◊ ï•’sí¬ Öçü∆?)
Jagan: Yea, she has been ill for a few days
now. Only yesterday I took her to doc-
tor.
(éÌCl-®Ó-V-©’í¬ äçöx ¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’. E†oØË
doctor ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé∞«x.)
Gagan: You should have been more careful.
You should have taken her to the doc-
tor as soon as she fell ill. You should
not have neglected it.
(ï•’s-°æúøf ¢ÁçôØË O’®Ω’ doctor ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’-
Èé-∞«}-LqçC.ÖÊ°-éÀ~ç-î√-LqçC é¬ü¿’)
Jagan: True, but she has improved. Today she
is much better than she was yesterday.
(Eï¢Ë’ ņ’éÓ. é¬E §ƒ°æ °æJ-ÆœnA ¢Á’®Ω’-í∫-
®·çC. E†oöÀéπØ√o Ñ®ÓV ¶«í∫’çC)
Gagan: If the doctor had seen her earlier, she
would have recovered earlier.
(´·çüË doctor îª÷Ææ’çõ‰, ´·çüË éÓ©’-
éÌ-ØËC éπü∆)
Jagan: That's true. (Eï¢Ë’)
Gagan: Wish her a speedy recovery.
(ûªy®Ωí¬ éÓ©’-éÓ-¢√-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.) 4) have neglected [should have + past partici-
Spoken English 137 ™, Åçûª-èπ◊´·çü¿÷, Ñ
N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç:
a) Would have been Åçõ‰ äéπ ´uéÀh, äéπ N≠æߪ’ç
í∫ûªç™ ÖçúË-¢√úø’/ ÖçúËüË é¬F ™‰úø’/ ™‰ü¿’ ÅE. a) should have been ÅØËC 'be' form éπü∆.
Wouldn't (would not) have been Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™
äéπ ´uéÀh/ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ÖçúË-¢√úø’ é¬úø’/ ÖçúËC i) Öçúø-´-©-Æœ† ´uéÀh/ N≠æߪ’ç ™‰úø’/ ™‰ü¿’ ÅE.
é¬ü¿’ é¬E ÖØ√oúø’/ ÖçC ÅE.
b) Would have + past participle (PP) Åçõ‰
í∫ûªç™ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ïJ-ÍíüË é¬E ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’ ÅE. i) Å®Ω-í∫çô éÀçü¿õ‰ †’Ny-éπ\úø Öçú≈-LqçC (é¬F ™‰´¤)
wouldn't (would not) have + past participle
(PP) Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ïJ-ÍíC é¬ü¿’, é¬E
ïJ-TçC ÅE.
2) Ñ would have been/ would have + PP ÅØË
main clause èπ◊ combination, If clause ™
had been/ had + Past Participle verbs ®√´ôç.
a) If she had been here, I would have consulted
c) If he had not been careful, he would have
lost the money
ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, úø•’s §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-ØË-¢√úË.
(ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ ÖØ√oúø’, úø•’s §Ú™‰ü¿’)
d) If he had not met her at the party, he would
not have fallen in love with her.
(Ç party ™ Ç¢Á’†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, Ç¢Á’†’
vÊ°N’ç-îË-¢√-úø’-é¬úø’– éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’– vÊ°N’ç-î√úø’)
Very important:
If clause: had been / had + pp
1) should have been = Öçú≈-LqçC (é¬F ™‰ü¿’)
Main Clause: would have been /
2) would have been = ÖçúËüË (é¬F-™‰ü¿’)
would have + pp
Ñ combination î√™« ´·êuçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. 3) should not have been = Öçú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’ (é¬E
Now, look at these sentences in the conver- ÖçC).
sation at the beginning of the lesson: 4) would not have been = ÖçúË-C-é¬ü¿’ (é¬E ÖçC)
1) Then she should have given it. Ñ conversation ™ N’í∫û√ verbs should have +
2) You should have seen the doctor much ear- pp, should not have + pp form ™ ÖØ√o®· éπü∆.
lier. 1) She should have given it
Ç¢Á’ É*a Öçú≈-LqçC/ É¢√y-LqçC (í∫ûªç™) (é¬F
É´y-™‰ü¿’) Rajitha: ´îËa-ü∆ØËo, ´÷ cousin ®√éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰.
2) You should have seen the doctor much ear-
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 138
lier
Hiranya: Ç¢Á’†’ èπÿú≈ BÆæ’-èπ◊-®√-¢√-LqçC.
Doctor †’ ´·çüË îª÷ú≈-LqçC. (îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’)
He would have done it
3) You should have taken her to the doctor as 3) You should have taken
soon as she fell ill. her to doctor
4) You should not have neglected it. doctorü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«}-
5) You should have been more careful. LqçC (BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-™‰ü¿’).-
Ñ sentences ™ verbs îª÷ü∆lç. 4) You should not have
1) should have given [should have + past par- neglected it
ticiple (of give)] ÖÊ°-éÀ~ç-î √-LqçC é¬ü¿’ M. SURESAN
2) should have seen [should have + past par- (ÖÊ°-éÀ~ç-î√´¤).
ticiple (of see)] ÉC èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ:
3) should have taken [should have + past par- 1) Karuna: †’Oy E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË´·çü¿’, O’
ticiple (of take)] Ø√†oûÓ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-LqçC.
(Before taking the decision, you
ple (of neglect)] should have consulted your father)
5) should have been. Kavya: ´÷ Ø√†o Ü∞x Öçõ‰ ´÷ö«x-úË-ü∆ØËo.
Ñ≤ƒJ, verb forms °j† îª÷°œ-†ô’x, (I would have consulted him, if he had
a) should have been b) should have + pp. been in town).
Karuna: Çߪ’† AJ-íÌ-*aç-ü∆é¬ Çí∫’çú≈-LqçC.
DE Å®Ωnç: (You should have waited until he
returned.)
ii) not (should not have been) Å®·ûË, Öçúø-èπÿ-úøE Kavya: ؈’ wait îËÊÆ-ü∆ØËo, é¬E Å°æp-öÀÍé ´’K
´uéÀh/ N≠æߪ’ç Öçü¿E. Å®·-§Ú-ßË’C.
(I would have waited, but it would have
you should have been here half an hour ago. been too late by then.)
ii) ¢√∞¡Ÿx E†o Åéπ\úø Öçú≈Lq† ¢√∞¡Ÿx鬮Ω’ (é¬F 2) Åûªúø’ Ç car é̆’ç-ú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’
ÖØ√o®Ω’) He should not have bought the car.
They should not have been there yesterday. a) îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ† ã °æE îËߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË=
iii) I should have been there at that time, I You should have done it.
would have taught him a lesson b) îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøE °æE-îËÊÆh=
Ç time èπ◊ ؈-éπ\úø Öçú≈-LqçC; ¢√úÕéÀ •’Cl¥ îÁÊ°p- you should not have done it.
She should have bought the sari =
<®Ω-éÌ-†’ç-ú≈-LqçC, é̆-™‰ü¿’. (´’ç* Å´-鬨¡ç
§Ú®·çC.)
ÉO should have been, should have + pp
N´-®√©’.
PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING
Hiranya: Hi Rajitha,
†’´¤y E†o ´÷ûÓ ÆœE-´÷èπ◊
´îª’açú≈-LqçC. Eïçí¬ ´’ç* ÆœE´÷
miss Åߪ÷u´¤.
Ç¢Á’ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷ èπÿ®Ω’aØ√o.
Rajitha: ÅC ¢Á∞«xL, ¢Á∞«xL ÅE ûÌçü¿-®Ω-°æ-úø-éπ-§Ú--
ߪ·çõ‰, Éü¿l®Ωç éπLÆœ ´îËa-¢√-∞¡x¢Ë’.
Hiranya: †’´¤yçõ‰ Éçé¬ ¶«í¬ enjoy îËÊÆ ¢√∞¡x¢Ë’.
Å®·ûË E†o holiday é¬èπ◊çõ‰ ¢Á∞Ïx-¢√∞¡xç
é¬ü¿’. O’ cousin ¢ÁR}-§Ú-®·çü∆?
Rajitha: E†oØË ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·çC. ûªEçéÓ È®çúø’
®ÓV©’ç-ú≈-LqçC. N’´’tLo Åçû√ °æJ-
îªßª’ç îËÊÆ-ü∆Eo. ÆæÍ®. ؈’ ´≤ƒh. Time
Å®·çC.
Hiranya: Bye.
ANSWERS
Hiranya: Hi Rajitha, you should have come
with us to the movie. Really you
missed a good movie.
Rajitha: If my cousin had not visited me
(come), I would have definitely (éπ*a-
ûªçí¬) come. I spent time talking to
her.
Hiranya: You should have brought her along.
late Rajitha: If she had not been in a hurry, I would
have brought her along.
Hiranya: If you had come we would have
enjoyed still more. But if yesterday
had not been a holiday we would not
have gone to the movie. Has your
cousin gone/ left ?
Rajitha: She left yesterday itself. She should
have been here/ should have stayed
here for another two days. I would

her ¢√-úÕE. Would have been, would have + pp éÃ, should have introduced her to you all. OK.
É°æ ¤ p úø’ sentence (a), sentence (b) §Ú©açúÕ: have been, should have + pp éà ûËú≈ îª÷ü∆lç. Time is up. I must be going, bye.
Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø ÖçúÕ Öçõ‰, ØËØ√-¢Á’†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-îË-¢√-úÕØË.
a) She should have been more careful 1) He would have done it = Hiranya: Bye.
(Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø ™‰ü¿’– ØËØ√-¢Á’†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-îª-™‰ü¿’)
b) If he had answered one more question, he
Ç¢Á’ Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ Öçú≈-LqçC (é¬F-™‰ü¿’). Åûªúø’ îËÊÆ-¢√úË (îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’) Spoken English 137 Column
™ È®ç-úÓ ™E
b) She would have been more careful He should have done it = Åûªúø’ îËߪ÷-LqçC Table column col-
would have got 100% ™ – ¢Á·ü¿öÀ (Åçõ‰ áúø-´’-¢Áj°æ¤
Ç¢Á’ Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ ÖçúËüË (é¬F-™‰ü¿’). (NCµí¬/ Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Á’i, Éûª-®Ω’© Çïc §ƒöÀçîË Ææçü¿- umn) heading If clause (had been/ had
´÷vûª¢Ë’
ÉçéÌéπ\ question answer
ûËú≈
îËÆœ Öçõ‰, ¢√úÕéÀ + PP). column column) heading–
Should have been, would have been ®√s¥™x) (îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’). È®ç-úÓ- (èπ◊úÕ
question ´C-™‰-¨»úø’, ¢√úÕéÀ
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. 2) She would have bought the sari =
100] ´îËaüË. (Ç Main clause (would have been/ would have +
100] ®√™‰ü¿’) <®Ω-éÌ-ØËüË, é̆-™‰ü¿’. PP) ÅE Öçú≈L.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm