II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 9 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2006

Surendra: We missed you at the picnic last Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o Imaginary
weekend. past forms:
(§Ú®·† ¢√®√çûªç picnic ™ †’´¤y I a) Would have been
™‰E ™ô’ éπE-°œç-*çC ´÷èπ◊)
Mahendra: So did I miss the fun too. I now feel
(ÖçúË-¢√úË/ ÖçúËüË é¬E ™‰úø’/ ™‰ü¿’)
I should have joined you. I should- b) Would have + Past participle (PP)
n't (should not) have stayed back eg: Would have gone, Would have seen,
for the meeting. What a bore it was! etc)
But for the dinner at the end of the (ã °æE ïJ-ÍíüË é¬F ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’ ÅE.
meeting, it would have been
Not ûÓ Å®·ûË ïJ-ÍíC é¬ü¿’, é¬E ïJ-TçC ÅE)
unbearable. All clauses beginning with EXERCISE
II a) Should have been= Öçú≈-LqçC/ Öçú≈-Lq†
(؈’ èπÿú≈ Ç Ææ®Ωü∆ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. a) who, whom, whose, where, when, which, Govind: Sir, Ø√èπ◊ ´’®Ó È®çvúÓ-V©’ time É´yçúÕ,
O’ûÓ ´îª’aç-ú≈-Lqç-ü¿E É°æ¤púø†’-èπ◊ç- ¢√úø’– é¬F ™‰ü¿’/ ™‰úø’) why and how.
assignment submit
ô’Ø√o. Meeting éÓÆæç Ééπ\úø ÖçúÕ b) Should have + Past Participle (PP) b) 'that' clauses.
îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊.
§Ú¢√-Lqç-C-é¬ü¿’. Ŷs áçûª bore Lecturer: È®çvúÓ-V™«? †’´¤y ¢Á·†oØË submit îËߪ÷-
(eg: should have gone, should have seen, c) before.., after.., soon after, as soon as, since,
éÌöÀdçüÓ! Meeting ûª®√yûª dinner ™‰éπ- etc.)
LqçC. Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç™í¬ submit îË®·.
because, though, although, even though Govind: ¢Á·†o Ø√èπ◊ ïy®Ωç ®√éπ-§ÚûË E†oØË îËÊÆ-
§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, ü∆Eo ¶µºJç-îª-ûª-®Ω-´’-ßË’u-C- (ã °æE) îËÆæ’ç-ú≈-LqçC é¬F îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. begin
é¬ü¿’.) ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀûÓ ¢√-úÕE, Sir,
Not ûÓ– (ã °æE) îË-ߪ’éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ú≈-Lqç-C, é¬F ÅßË’u clauses.
fun (Ééπ\úø) = Ææ®Ωü∆; But for Åçõ‰– ÅüË ™‰éπ- Lecturer: †’´¤y E†o submit îËÆæ’çõ‰, marks list
§ÚûË. unbearable = ¶µºJç-°æ-¨¡éπuç é¬E. î˨»-´¤/ -îË-¨»-†’/ -îË-¨»®Ω’) d) If clauses. ѧƒ-öÀéÀ ؈’ office ™ ÉîËa-ÊÆ-¢√-úÕE.
Surendra: I thought of pressing you. But I Rules: ÅÆæ©’ marks lists ÅFo ¢Á·†oØË sub-
thought that it was an important 1) Main clause verb - mit îËߪ÷-LqçC ؈’. F äéπ\úÕ ´©x Åçû√
meeting. So I didn't force you. past tense, subordi- Ç©-Ææu-´’-®·çC.
(E†’o •©-´ç-ûª-°-úø-ü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’, é¬F
ÅüËüÓ ´·êu-¢Á’i† meeting ņ’-èπ◊- -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 139 nate clause verb - also
past tense.
Govind: Ø√èπ◊ äéπ\-®ÓV time É´yçúÕ sir.
M. SURESAN Lecturer: Í®°‘ time èπ◊ submit îË®·.
Ø√o†’. Åçü¿’-éπE •©-´çûªç îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.)
press = äAhúÕ ûË´ôç, •©-´ç-ûª-°-ôdúøç = force
Mahendra: But you should have told me earli-
er. The time you gave me was
short. If you told me earlier of it, I
would have thought of an excuse to
skip the meeting. I would have
I would have been happy
been happy. ANSWER
Let's look at the verbs of imaginary past
(†’´¤y (picnic í∫’Jç*) é¬Ææh ´·çü¿’ Exceptions: (N’†-£æ…-®·ç-°æ¤©’ – °j rule èπ◊)
situations above. Govind: Sir, please give me two days time to
subordinate clause ™ universal truths, facts submit the assignment.
1. should have joined -
îÁ§ƒp-LqçC. †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ ´’K ûªèπ◊\´
time Éî√a´¤. é¬Ææh ´·çü¿’í¬ îÁ°œp of science, generalisations, repeated Lecturer: Two more days? You should have
Öçõ‰, meeting áíÌ_-ôd-ú≈-EéÀ àüÓ ≤ƒèπ◊ éπ©¢√LqçC (†’´¤y). é¬E éπ©-´-™‰ü¿’. submitted it the day before (yester-
actions of the present continuing into future-
2. I shouldn't have stayed back - day). Submit it by the evening.
Ç™-*ç-îË-¢√-úÕE. ؈’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçúË-
Ééπ\úø ÖçúÕ-§Ú-¢√-Lqç-C-é¬ü¿’ – é¬F ÖØ√o†’ OöÀ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ main clause verb past tense Govind: If I had not had a fever/ had not been
¢√-úÕE) Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÀ sub clause verb, present tense down with a fever, I would have sub-
Excuse = ≤ƒèπ◊. Lame excuse = èπ◊çöÀ-≤ƒèπ◊. 3. Would have been unbearable -
™ Öçú≈L. mitted it yesterday itself.
Lame = èπ◊çöÀ ¶µºJç-°æ-¨¡éπuç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËC – é¬E ¨¡éπu-´’-®·çC Lecturer: If you had submitted it yesterday, I
Surendra: You were out of town for me to tell (Dinner ´©x) 2) Main clause verb, present/ future tense, sub
would have given the marks lists to the
you earlier. So I couldn't. 4. You should have told me - clause verb - any tense. office yesterday. I should have submit-
Mahendra: OK. That's past. How about a îÁ§ƒp-LqçC – îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ °j points ÅFo á°æ¤púø’ í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çõ‰ O’ con- ted them the day before (yesterday).
movie this evening? 5. would have thought - The whole delay is because of you.
versation and communication, perfect í¬ Govind: Give me just a day's time, sir.
(OK, Ç™-*ç-îË-¢√-úÕØË é¬F Ç™-*ç-îª-™‰ü¿’. Practise, practise and practise. Lecturer: Submit tomorrow by this time.
ÅC Å®·-§Ú-®·çC í∫ü∆. É¢√y∞¡ Öçô’çC.
≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«l´÷?) 6. would have been happy -
Surendra: I am game for it. ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçúË ¢√úÕØË é¬F ™‰†’.
v°æ¨¡o: Past tense ™ sentence ‘The teacher liked all over the college’
(O’èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’h-îË-Ææ’hØ√oç):
(؈’ ready ØË.) ®√ÊÆh, ÅD-èπÿú≈ Åçõ‰
Reminding you - regular verbs 2nd
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TÊÆh ´’†èπ◊ àC Å®Ωnç, college ¢Á·ûªhçîË ÅGµ-´÷-Eç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’†o
game for = Æœü¿l¥ç
Main clause verbs- would have been, would form Å®·†simple past Å´¤-ûª’çC, Å™«Íí teacher...ÅE Å®Ωnç. é¬F °æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç ®√´ôç ™‰ü¿’
˜ ˜ ˜ have + pp subordi-
Å®·ûË 3rd form Å®·† past participle ÅE 鬕öÀd ÉC sentence é¬-ü¿’.
nate clause verbs- had regular verbs
example: a) He repaired the car.
Look at the following clauses in the con-
ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC? Å™«Íí Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç- ÉçéÓ
been, had + pp. îË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´·êuçí¬simple past tense ™
versation above: b) The car repaired yesterday..
Å®·ûË, ´’†-èπ◊†o3 forms of verb past
©™
1. ... I should have joined you If you had told me earlier of it, I would have a) repaired- repair Car
form, P.P. form confusion í¬ ™ üËEo î˨»úø’? †’.
2. I shouldn't have stayed back thought of some excuse to skip the meeting. b) The car repaired... - car repair
P.P form
ÖØ√o®·. î√™« °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™x üËEo
3. ... it would have been unbearable Main clause: I would have thought of some answer
-Å®·-ûËPast modification, pre- îËÆœçC? Åçõ‰ ®√ü¿’ éπü∆.
4. But you should have told me earlier. excuse to skip the meeting ‘The car repaired yester-
modification ™passive voice 鬕öÀd
5. I would have thought of an excuse (meeting áíÌ_-ôd-ú≈-EéÀ ≤ƒèπ◊ Ç™-*ç-îË- í¬ à®Ωp-úø-û√®· ÅE ®√-¨»®Ω’. ÉN day...’ Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç, E†o repair îËߪ’-•-
verb: would have thought
¢√-úÕE.
6. I would have been happy. éÌçîÁç N´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. úÕ† car, ...ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ÅÆæç-°æ‹-Jhí¬
Look at the verbs in the clauses above:
- would have + pp)
– >.N.Ææûªuç, N¨»-ê-°æôoç sentence
-ï-¢√--•’: Regular verbs past tense,
Sub. clause: If you had told me of it earlier.
Öçúøôç ´©x Å´ü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç-
1. Should have joined -éÓçúÕ.Past participleèπ◊ -á°æ¤p-úø÷
(†’´¤y ü∆E í∫’Jç* ´·çüË îÁ°æ¤pçõ‰ past participle,
2. Shouldn't have stayed back äÍ陫 Öçö«®·. Å®·ûË '•úË— ÅE Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
– verb- had told - had + pp) past tense, á°æ¤úø’ past partici- The paper bought by millions =
3. Would have been (unbearable) á°æ¤-úøC
This lesson is a revision of the points of the ple ÅE ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ, Ç verb form èπ◊,
4. Should have told earlier lessons: practice
©éπ~-™«C v°æï-©îË é̆-•úË °ævAéπ –
5. Would have thought
¶«í¬ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊E á´-JE, üËEE ÅE question ¢Ë≤Ú\çúÕ. Answer
5, 6 lessons
îËߪ’çúÕ. í∫ûª ™ É*a† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ´ÊÆh ÅC past simple. Answer ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÅC past
(ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ©éπ~-™ v°æï©’ éÌØË °ævAéπ Åçö«ç.)
6. Would have been. The book read by millions = ©éπ~-™«C v°æï-©îË îªü¿-
é¬Ææh éπ≠dçæ 鬕öÀd éÀçC N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ O’èπ◊ ´’S} participle. eg: ‘like’ BÆæ’èπ◊çü∆ç. DEéÀ past
Ñ Verbs ÅFo èπÿú≈ Imaginary past situa- í∫’®Ω’h îËÆæ’hØ√oç. tense, past participle - liked. She liked the ´-•úË °æ¤Ææhéπç (©éπ~-™ -´’ç-C îªC¢Ë °æ¤Ææhéπç)
tions ™ ¢√úË-´E ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. í∫ûª 4, 5 les- IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER sari. liked what?
Ééπ\úø (üËEElike îËÆœçC?) àüÁjØ√ ‘be’ form °æéπ\† past participle ´ÊÆh Å°æ¤úø’
sons OöÀ í∫’JçîË éπü∆. ÉN conversation ™ Åçõ‰ answer sari ÅE ´Ææ’hçC 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø verb, passive.
Ææ®Ωy ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i-†-°æp-öÀéÀ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ correct µ Clause - A group of words with a verb
liked, past simple. The book is liked by all- verb, is (be form) +
µ Main clause has complete meaning. The teacher liked all over the college,
í¬ ¢√úø-í∫-©-í∫ôç éÌçîÁç éπ≠d¢æ Ë’. áçûª áèπ◊\´ Ééπ\úø liked (pp) - °æ¤Ææhéπç ÅGµ-´÷Eç-úø’-ûª’çC.
Practice îËÊÆh Åçûª ¶«í¬ Å©-¢√õ„j, correct í¬ µ Subordinate clause has no complete mean- liked what like / liked whom?
(üËEE îËÆœçC?) (•úø’-ûª÷çC). á°æ¤p-úø÷ ‘be’ form °æéπ\† past sim-
¢√úø-í∫©ç. Åçü¿’-éπE Ñ lesson èπÿú≈ Imaginary ing.
like
(á´-JE îËÆœçC?) Åçõ‰ answer ®√´ôç ™‰ü¿’ ple ®√ü¿’.
past forms †’ í∫’JçîË.. Examples of subordinate clauses. éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE Ééπ\úø liked past participle.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm