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Nothing is mor e beautiful than vir tue He was not happy; he was surprised.
(Åûªúø’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’; Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’)
In sentence like this, 'but' and 'and' have to
be used in place of the semicolon.
perfect. Colon (:): Used to introduce a list. (äéπ
It has gone ņo-°æ¤púø’ ¢ÁRxçC/ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·çC – ÖØ√o®·. Could ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤úø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo ñ«Gû√ v§ƒ®Ωç-GμçîË ´·çü¿’)
Ééπ\úø ïJ-T† °æEéÀ v§ƒüμΔ†uç. It is gone - -Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 633
•öÀd Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L. e.g. : 1) The parts the body are: The head,
Éçü¿’™ It èπ◊ v§ƒüμΔ†uç. My love is gone - 1) He could buy the car as he had
the face, the hands etc.
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ 'my love' (Ø√ vʰߪ’-Æœ)éÀ v§ƒüμΔ†uç. enough money = 鬴-©-Æœ-†çûª úø•’s 2) To introduce a summary - äéπ ≤ƒ®√稡ç
He is gone - Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ – Åûªúø’ Ééπ\úø 8) Ææü¿’_-ù«Eo N’ç*† ≤˘çü¿®Ωuç ™‰ü¿’. ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω Öç-úø-ôç´©x é¬®Ω’ é̆- v§ƒ®Ωç-GμçîË ´·çü¿’. What the Mahatma
™‰úø’. 9) ØÁ´’∞¡Ÿx °æ¤J-N°œp Ø√ôuç îË≤ƒh®·. í∫Lí¬úø’. îª÷úøçúÕ ÉC Past éπüΔ? said in brief: / Said in brief was: Let us
M.SURESAN 2) He could buy a car one of these
He has gone = Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ 10) §ƒ°æç °æçúø-EüË üË´¤úø’ èπÿú≈ àO’ always speak the truth and never use vio-
days
lence.
Q. O’®Ω’ would E ´’† ÅHμ-≥ƒdEo, éÓJ-éπ†’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’- îËߪ’-™‰úø’. – àüÓ äéπ-®ÓV Åûªúø’ é¬®Ω’-
ñ‰ßª’-ú≈-EéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh-®ΩE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. ´’J want to A. 1) Have the will, energy will come search-
éÌØËߪ’´îª’a – Ç Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC, É°æ¤púø’ ´’£æ…-ûª’túø’ îÁ°œp† üΔE ≤ƒ®√稡ç:/ ≤ƒ®√稡ç
†’ á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’? would - want to éÀ ing- ÉC ÅÆæç-°æ‹-Jhí¬ ÖçC, üËEo ¢Áûª’èπ◊\çô÷ é¬F, Future ™ é¬F. àN’-ôçõ‰: á°æ¤púø÷ Eñ«Eo °æ©-é¬-©E, £œ«çÆæ
Q. a) They would rather you paid them by
ûËú≈ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫©®Ω’. ´Ææ’hçC? ´÷Ø√-©E
cheque = cheque
†’´¤y üΔy®√ îÁLxç-îªúøç
e.g. : I would like to go to college 2) Test is the lock to salvation, faith/ devotion 3) To introduce an explanation: (N´-®Ωù àü¿-
is the key.
¢√®Ω’ É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
I want to go to college ®·Ø√ v§ƒ®Ωç-GμçîË ´·çü¿’)
b) we would like to inform you:
A. I would like to go = ¢Á-∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o – 3) A little negligence sometimes ruins the This is what happened there: (Åéπ\úø ïJ-
¢Á∞Ïxçü¿’èπ◊ É-≠d°æ æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o. whole life
Ééπ\úø a, b ©™ 'would' éÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? TçC ÉD:) ÅE àç ïJ-TçC N´-J≤ƒhç.
would Åçõ‰: i) í∫ûªç™ Å©-¢√-ôx†’
I want to go - ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o – Ééπ\úø É≠æd´÷ 4) Life without knowledge is like a lamp with- 4) Before reporting what somebody has said
out oil. Future from past †’ç* ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
™‰üΔ ÅØË v°æÆæ-éÀh-™‰ü¿’. Would like ´’†ç É≠æd-°æ-úË - (äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpç-üΔEo ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ°œp-†-ô’x-í¬ØË îÁÊ°p
Åç-¨»-Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC, want 鬢√-©-†’-èπ◊-ØË-üΔ-Eo, 5) Arjuna is ambidextrous in archery.
T≤ƒh®Ω’ éπüΔ! ´’J a, b ©™ 'would' E à N-üμ¿çí¬ ´·çü¿’)
The doctor said: 'Give up smoking and half
îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊-ØË-üΔ-Eo ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰Ææ’hçC. 6) Bengal monitors stick to walls.
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L.
A. a) They would rather you paid them by your problems are solved.'
K. Siva, Nandikotkur. 7) Snakes slough off their dead skin and
cheque. would = wish.
Ééπ\úø ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ O’®Ω’
some other animals shed their horns. ú≈éπd-®Ω’-í¬-®Ω-Ø√o®Ω’; 'Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ´÷ØÁ®·u. F
Q. éÀçC ûÁ©’í∫’ °æüΔ-©èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ÉçTx≠ˇ °æüΔ-©†’ îÁé˙ üΔy®√ îÁLxç-îª-úø¢Ë’ áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç.
8) Nothing is more beautiful than virtue. Ææ´’Ææu©’ Ææí∫ç B®Ω-û√®·—.
b) We would like to inform you = We like to
ûÁLߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.
9) Peacocks spread out their plumes as they (É™«çöÀ îÓôx éÌçûª-´’çC, Colon (:) èπ◊ •ü¿’©’,
1) ¨¡®Ωùuç 2) ¢Á·èπ◊\-•-úÕí¬ inform you. would like to inform you
Comma (,) èπÿú≈ ¢√ú≈h®Ω’).
Å®·ûË
dance. like to inform you
3) (´’ûª’h †’ç*) ûË®Ω’éÓ´úøç Dash ⎯ : used 1) often instead of a semi-
ÅØËC éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´
10) Even God can't punish a sinner until their formality
4) ûª÷, ûª÷ ´’çvûªçí¬
´’®√uü¿†’, áèπ◊\´ (™«çîμª-Ø√Eo) colon to separate the parts of a sentence.
sins ripen. Å®·ûË Ñ ¶μ«´çEnglish ¢√∞¡xèπ◊
5) O’†-¢Ë’-≥ƒ©’ ™„éÀ\çîªúøç 6) Çúøç-•-®Ωçí¬
Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC. (Semi colon sentence
•ü¿’©’ ™E ¶μ«í¬©†’
7) Å°æ®Ω (ÅGμ-†´) ¶μºU-®Ω-ü∑¿’úø’ 8) 鬮Ω-ù-ï-†’túø’
Åçûªí¬ ™‰ü¿’ Ééπ\úø Would †’ Wish ÅE Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L. N¶μº>ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊).
9) ≤ƒ®Ωn-éπ-Ø√-´’-üμË-ߪ·úø’ 10) ´’%ûª’uç-ï-ߪ·úø’ E. Anil, T.N.Palem. í∫ûªç™ Å©-¢√-ô’xí¬ é¬F, Future from the past e.g.: He came here - not when I was here.
Q. (i) Nowhere else
é¬F é¬ü¿’.
11) ߪ÷ü¿%-*a¥-éπçí¬ 12) Çí∫ç-ûª-èπ◊úø’ (¢√úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aúø’ – ؈’ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’)
13) èπ◊ç¶μº-éÓ-ù«©’ 14) ¶μ‰≠æ-ñ«©’ (°æöÀdç-°æ¤©’) (ii) Nothing else © usage
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Suresh Lahoti, Mahabad. 2) In place of brackets (Brackets èπ◊ •ü¿’©’)
A. 1. ¨¡®Ωùuç = a) v°æ´÷ü¿ç †’ç* ®Ωéπ~ù - refuge. A. i) Nowhere else = ÉçÈé-éπ\ú≈ ™‰üΔ (Ééπ\úË ÖçC) Q. Please explain where the Comma, e.g.: This leader - if he is fit to be a leader -
b) ÅC ûª°æp-¢Ë-Í®-´÷-®Ω_ç-™‰ü¿’ – last resort/ only ii) Nothing else = ÉçÍé-D-é¬ü¿’/ ´’®Ì-éπöÀ é¬ü¿’ Semicolon, Colon, Dash, Slash etc. are is corrupt.(Ñ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úø’ – Åûªúø’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-
alternative. (ÉüË) used. I am unable to learn till now. úø’í¬ ÖçúË Å®Ω|ûª Öçõ‰ – ÅN-FA °æ®Ω’úø’) In
Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬uEo Å®Ωnç îËÆæ ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ éÌClí¬ A. Comma: used 1) After each word on a list; this sentence you can use brackets in
Some Tibetans are seeking refuge in India =
Confuse í¬ ÖçC. Pen, paper, books, notebooks etc. (î√™« place of the pair of dashes.
éÌçü¿®Ω’ öÀ¶„-ô†’x ¶μ«®Ω-û˝™ ¨¡®Ωù’ §Òçü¿’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
I was paid Rs.36 and with that I left Madras. Slash ( / ): Used 1) with the meaning of or
That appears to be the only alternative/ last ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’, ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ àéπ-®Ω’´¤ °õ‰d ñ«G-û√-
refuge = ÅüË ¨¡®Ω-ùuçí¬ éπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. I was paid Rs.36 = ؈’ îÁLxç-î√†’ (™‰üΔ) Ø√èπ◊ ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™x v°æA ´÷ô °æéπ\† ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.) ('™‰üΔ— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
2. Between a person's name and his desig- e.g. : This is possible with a computer/ a cell
2) ¢Á·èπ◊\-•-úÕí¬ = 4) ûª÷,ûª÷´’ç-vûªçí¬ =
per- îÁLxç-î√®Ω’.
nation, official position, title etc. phone or a computer = Computer
functorily/ go through the motions of. ¢Á·ü¿ô '؈’ îÁLxç-î√†’— ÅE Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. ÉC
é¬F, sentence ©†’ °æJ-Q-LÊÆh Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ω’p†’ Mr. Singh, PM of India; Mr. Basu, Collector ûÓ í¬F, Cell Phone ûÓ í¬F ≤ƒüμ¿uç.
The conduct of the exam was perfunctory =
í∫´’-Eç-î√†’. É™«ç-öÀN ᙫ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√™ Krishna Dt. etc. Å®·ûË Slash (/) †’ formal writing
Ç °æKéπ~ àüÓ ïJ-Tç-ü¿-E-°œç-î √®Ω’/ ûª÷ûª÷-
tips ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. 3. To separate clauses/ phrases in a sen-
(Eߪ’´÷© v°æ鬮Ωç ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ -Ö-°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªç).
2) Fraction (GμØ√oEo) îª÷Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊: 2/3 (Two by
´’çvûªçí¬/ ¢Á·èπ◊\-•-úÕí¬ =
The just went through the motions of con- A. I was paid Rs.36 = ؈’ ®Ω÷.36 îÁLxç-îª-•-ú≈f†’, tence
three)
ducting the exams. Åçõ‰ 'Ø√èπ◊ îÁLxç-î√®Ω’— ÅØË éπüΔ? a) He came here, discussed the matter,
Ééπ\úø Verb: Was (be form) + paid (PP of Pay) with us, told us what he would do and Q. Please let me know the difference between
3) Regain consciousness/ come to/ recover
- voice - passive - Åçõ‰ '•úø’— ÅE Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC left. the two words 1) among 2) amongst.
5) Hesitate to do sth/ dither
éπüΔ. Verb, 'be' form + Past participle Å®·ûË b) The book, published 30 years ago, is A. Among = Amongst.
6) Ostentatiously
passive voice™ Öçô’çC. Å°æ¤púø’ Å®Ωnç, '•úø’— out of sale now, and
7) A modern Bhagiradha