Communication Bulletin: Myanmar Christian Communication Services

Established since April 2000
COMMUNICATION BULLETIN
MYANMAR CHRISTIAN COMMUNICATION SERVICES
Vol(9). No.(105) December - 2008
*syefEidk if w
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d =Hk unfov
l rl sKd ;aygi;f pkcH &pf,mefvil ,ftchsKd c&pfawmfarG;zGm;aomowif;aumif;udk
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'DZifbm(13)&uf 2008 ae@wGif pma&;olw@kd tdru f kd Carol Singing xGuaf om c&pf,mefvil ,f
wpfpk a&mufvm=uygonf?
“,ae@wGif 'g0'd . f òr@Y ocifc&pfawmfwnf;[laom u,fwifaomt&Sio f nf oifw@kd tbd@k tvdik gS
bGm;jrifjcif;udk cHawmfr+l yD?”(vk/ 2;11)[k wpfO;D u E_wu f ywfawmf&w G zf wfonf? wpfO;D u qkawmif;ay;onf?
c&pfawmfzmG ;jrifjcif;qdik &f m c&pPrwfocD si;f rsm;qd=k uonf? tdro f u l waeukef tyifyef;cHcsuðf ywfxm;aom
=umqH[if;cg;ESihf {nfch yH gonf? xdo k il ,frsm;u “Ttdraf y:rSm aumif;cs;D r*Fvmusa&mufygapaomf” qkawmif;
oDcsi;f oDqakd y;=u+yD;/ aemufwpftrd o f @kd ul;Edik &f efEiS hf &xm;rukerf D c&D;ayguaf tmifou G o f u G v
f ufvufxu G cf gG
oGm;=uygonf?
Tvli,frsm;ta=umif; jyefajymif;ajym&if;/ pma&;olwdk@. tESpfESpftvvuawmifhwcJhaom
t&mwpfck jzpfajrmufjcif;twGuf 0rf;ajrmufyDwdjzpf=u&ygonf? *syefEkdifiHwGif jrefrmc&pf,mef vli,frsm;
c&pPrwfocD si;f qd/k Carol Singing xGuzf @kd udpyP ifwnf;? Tvli,frsm;onf *syefEidk if aH &muf jrefrmc&pf,mef
todik ;f t0dik ;f wGif yxrOD;qk;H aom Carol Singing xGujf cif;jzpfonf[k rSww f rf;wifvykd gonf? pdww f u l ,
kd wf l
vlrsKd ;pkH toif;awmfprHk S rdrw d @kd . ud,k yf ikd pf w
d q f ENrsm;t& pkaygi;f I Carol xGuv f m=ujcif;jzpfa=umif;/ wpfnOfh
wnf;jzpfI nae(4)em&DrS pwifxu G v f m=u&m reuf (2)em&Dx;kd onftxd/ (12)tdru f akd &muf&EdS idk af =umif;/
&xm;r&Sad wmhonft h csed wf iG f vrf;av#mufIaomfvnf;aumif;/ wuUpiD gS ;pD;Iaomfvnf;aumif; oGm;a&mufchJ
=ua=umif;od&onf? aemifEpS rf sm;wGif tdrw f ikd ;f od@k 0rf;ajrmufz, G o f wif;aumif;udk aºu;a=umfEidk &f eftwGuf
armfawmfum;pDpOfay;rnfo h /l tppt&m&myHyh ;kd ulnaD y;rnfo h rl sm;ESihf ,ckEpS w f iG vf nf; aEG;axG;aomarwWmjzifh
óuqd=k uonfrpS I ud, k wf ikd yf g0ifvo kd rl sm;tp&So d jzifh 0rf;omp&mowif;pum;rsm;udk jyefvnf=um;&onfh
twGuf tvGeyf ifyw D jd zpf&ygonf?
“E_wfqufcJhw,f/ cspfaqGrsm;&,f/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ oGm;awmhr,f/ bk&m;&Sif&JharwWmawmf/
+idrof ufjcif;aus;Zl;awmf/ Ttdraf y:t+rJ&adS paomf? tmrif æ” [laom E_wq f ufocD si;f udk =um;a,mif&if;
aemifEpS rf sm;rSmvnf; 0rf;ajrmufz, G o f wif;pum;udk =um;ajymoDq=kd urnfh *syefEikd if aH &muf jrefrmc&pf,mef
vli,frsm;ESihf aEG;axG;aomarwWmrsm;jzifh ar#maf e=urnfo h rl sm;udv k nf; jrifa,mifaerd ygawmhonf?
vlom;wdkif;twGuf vl@ZmwdudkcH,larG;zGm;vmonfh c&pfawmf. owif;aumif;udk ,kH=unfol
om;orD;wdkif;onf rdrdwdk@ESifheD;pyf&m ywf0ef;usif&Sd/ r,kH=unfrod&Sdao;aomolrsm;tay:wGif t+rJwrf;
a0iSoufaocH&ef bk&m;ay;wm0ef&adS eygonf? txl;ojzifh Tc&pPrwftcgor,onf tjypfom;rsm;twGuf
taocH&efvl@ZmwdcHvsufc&pfawmfarG;zGm;vm&a=umif;udk a0iS&eftaumif;qkH;tcsdefjzpfayonf?
r,k=H unfrod&=dS uaomfvnf;/ c&pPrwfumva&muf+yq D vkd #if ,k=H unforl sm;xufyifO;D atmif ukew f u
kd }f u;D rsm;Y
c&pPrwfoHpkHoDcsif;oHrsm;zGifhI/ vSyaomc&pPrwfopfyif/ a&mifpkHrD;tp&Sdonfwdk@jzifh ywf0ef;usifwpfckvkH;
vSya0qmaeatmifjyifqifxm;=uonf? xdt k ay:,HtvStyxuf twGi;f rS tESpo f m&udak 0r#z@kd &eftwGuf
,k=H unfow l pfO;D pDYom wm0ef&adS eonfqo kd nfukd today;wdu k w f eG ;f E_;d aqmf&if; -
ta,mufwikd ;f c&pPrwftcsed cf gor,wGif aysm&f i$ rf t _ aygi;f ESijhf ynf0h =uygap[k qkreG af umif;awmif;v#uf
trIawmfjrwfü
Thang Nang Lian Thang & Ma Yin Yin @ Julia Man Ngaih Hau
(Publishers and editors)
Myanmar Christian Communication Bulletin
Tokyo, Japan
Myanmar Christian Communication Bulletin Page - 2 December 2008 V. (9) No. (105) - Jhk
rmwdum
1? ,k=H unfo. hf m%m/ (Rev. Kenneth E. Hagin)
l tcGit pmrsuEf mS 4
2? b0c&D;ESiaf paom&nf&,
G cf su/f (q&matmifouf!eG @f ) ? 8
3? td/k odrif ,faomAufvifòr@/ (Julia Thang) ? 14
4? owif;wdx
k mG ? 15
5? tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit

hf a&;a=unmpmwrf; ? 16
6? Why Do We Have Christmas Trees (Rev. Dr. Chin Khua Khai) ? 22
7? ,k'oefEiS jhf refrma&$jynf/ (armifpif=u,f) ? 24
"rR'geyg0ifvLS 'ge;f vdo

k rl sm;atmufygb%fpm&if;od@k ay;yd@k Eidk +f yDjzpfa=umif;
today;tyfygonf?
Man Ngaih Hau
A/C No. 0008119
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ
Editor
Myanmar Christian Communication Service
1-11-13 Shin Ohashi, Yonezawa Bldg. 4.F. Koto-ku 135-0007 Tokyo, Japan
℡- & 7 - 03-5625-9056
e* - haukhek@yahoo.com, e* - lianthang@hotmail.com
http://mcbulletinjapan.blogspot.com
Tpmapmifjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tzufzufrS yg0iftm;ay;=uaom/ oifq&m/

jrifq&m/ =um;q&mrsm;ESiw hf uG tv–aiGtm;jzifyh g0if=uaom trnfrazmfvo kd l
"rRrw
d af qGrsm;/ qkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifah omf4if;/ pmrlrsm;ay;yd‹k jcif;tm;jzifah omf4if;/
yg0if=uaom ,k=H unfot l a,mufpw D ikd ;f tay: bk&m;ocifonf omIºu,f0pGm
aom aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;csay;ygapa=umif;/ qkrGefaumif;awmif;tyfygonf?
Myanmar Christian Communication Bulletin Page - 3 December -2008 V. (9) No. (105) -Jhk
,ckvrSpI q&m}uD; uJeuf(of)/ tD;/ a[*if. ‘,k=H unfo.
l tcGit
hf m%m’(The Believer's
Authority) tcef;quf/ qufvufIazmfjyay;ygrnf?
,kHMunfol\rBuHKawGU&ao;aomtcGifhtmPm
“u|Ekfyfwdk@Y u|Ekfyfwdk@rod&Sdonfh - r}uHKawG@ao;onfh - tokH;rðyao;onfh tcGifhtm%m
&Sdygovm;?´”
q&m}uD;uJeuf(of)/ tD;/ a[*ifonf rdrdi,f&G,faomw&m;a[mq&mwpfOD;jzpfcJhpOfu
Tar;cGef;tm; rdrdudk,frdrd ar;jref;cJhonf? 0dnmOfa&;&m tcGifhtm%mESifh ywfoufI wpfcgwpf&H
c%wðzwfv#yfwpfjyuftjrifjrifawG@cJhonf[lI ‘,kH=unfol.tcGifhtm%m’pmtkyfwGif q&m}uD;u
azmfjycJhonf? “u|Ekfyfonf xdktcGifhtm%mudk trSwfrxifbJ }uHKawG@cJh&+yD;/ u|Ekfyfvkyfaqmifcsufudk
rod&b dS u
J sio
hf ;Hk cJo
h nf?” “u|Eyfk .
f avhvmr_rsm;tm;jzifh u|Eyfk w f @kd onf toif;awmftaeESihf urBmay:
wGif u|Ekfyfwdk@ rod&Sdao;onfh tcGifhtm%mudk &&Sdxm;a=umif; qkH;jzwfcsufcsEkdifcJhonf?”
vlenf;pkomv#if xdt k cGit
hf m%m. vkyyf ikd cf iG hf e,ferd wd t f pyfo@kd oma&muf&adS e=uaomfvnf;
c&pfawmfjyefrºuvmrD ,kH=unfoltajrmuftrsm;onf xdktcGifhtm%mudk pGJudkif+yD;/ xºuvm=urnf
jzpfonf? rdryd ikd qf ikd o
f nfh t&monf tb,ft&mjzpfonfukd od&+dS yD;/ bk&m;ocif rdrw d @kd tm; vkyaf qmif
apvdkonfh tvkyfwm0efudk vkyfaqmif=u&rnfjzpfonf?”
TpmtkyfwGif oifawG@&Sd&rnhfta=umif;t&mrsm;rSm-
w&Sifaygvk.qkawmif;csuf wtcGifhtm%mqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;?
wc&pfawmfESifhtwlxdkifjcif;? wpmwef. wefcdk;tm%mudk csdK;zsufjcif;?
wtcGifhtm%mudk usifhokH;jcif;? wc&pfawmfESifhtwl&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;?
wppfyGJtwGuf u|Ekfyfwdk@.vufeufrsm;? wvlrsm;.pdwq f ENtay:r[kw/f ewfq;kd rsm;tay:
wGif tcGifhtm%m/ wdk@jzpfonf?
,k=H unfo.
l tcGit
hf m%m
The Believer's Authority q&mMuD;uJeuf(of)?tD;?a[*if
tcef;(1)
&Sifaygvk\ qkawmif;csuf
,k=H unfo. l tcGit hf m%mudk toif;awmfrsm;od@k a&;om;cJah om tjcm;=o0g'rsm;xuf {zuf
=o0g'pmwGif ydrk jkd ynfph pHk mG a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf? Tpmtkyo f nf {zuf=o0g'pmudk tajccHxm;onfh
twGuf yxrtcef;(3)ckudk &ufaygif;rsm;pGm t}udrf}udrfzwf¶_zdk@&ef oifhtm; wdkufwGef;vdkufygonf?
yxrtcef;ESifh wwd,tcef; tqkH;wdk@wGif 0dnmOfawmfbdodufxm;aom qkawmif;csufrsm;
yg&adS =umif;/ oifowdðyrdayrnf? od@k &mwGif aygvo k nf {zuftoif;awmftwGuyf if xdq k ak wmif;csuf
rsm;tm; awmif;cHonfr[kwfay? ‚if;qkawmif;csufrsm;udk oef@&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu ay;xm;jcif;
jzpfojzifh {zufY&Sad om ,k=H unforl sm;ESihf oufqikd o
f uJo h @kd ,ae@ u|Eyfk w
f @kd ESiv
hf nf; oufqikd af yonf?
({zuf/ 1;16-21) oifwdk@udk ta=umif;ðyI tpOfrjywfcsD;rGrf;csuf oifwdk@tbdk@tvdk@iSg
qkawmif;yXemðyvsufae.? qkawmif;aomtcsuf[lrlum; igwdk@ ocifa,¶_c&pf. bk&m;ocif
jzpfawmfrlaom bkef;}uD;aomtbcrnf;awmfonf udk,fawmfjrwfudkodjcif;tvdkiSg ynmudk‚if;/
xdk;xGif;aomOm%fudk‚if;/ oifwdk@tm;ay;ygrnfta=umif; ac:awmfrlaoma=umifh ajr‡mfvifh&aom
t&mum; tb,ft&mjzpfonfudk‚if;/ oef@&Sif;olwdk@onf cH&aomtarGawmf.bkef;pnf;pdrfum;
tb,fr#avmuf}uD;onfudk‚if;/ oifwdk@onf odapjcif;iSg oifwdk@. Om%frsufpdudkvif;apygrnf
ta=umif;/ qkawmif;yXem ðy.? xdkwefcdk;awmfum; c&pfawmfudkaojcif;rS xajrmufapawmfrlI
c&pfawmfY ðyjyifaomr[mwefcdk; tmEkabmft&SdefuJhodk@ jzpf.?
({zuf/ 3;14-19) txufqckd +hJ yD;aom ta=umif;a=umifh ajr}uD;ay:rSm&Sad om wpftrd af xmif
vk;H wnf;[laom om;awmftaygi;f wd@k . tcsKyftjcmjzpfawmfral om igw@kd ocifa,¶_c&pf. crnf;awmf
a&S@rSm igonf 'l;axmufI qkawmif;avh&Sd.? qkawmif;aomtcsuf[lrlum; 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh
oifw@kd .twGi;f vlukd cGet f m;ESi+hf rJ+rHcikd cf ef@apI ,k=H unfjcif;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf oifw@dk . pdwEf v S ;Hk
txJY usdef;0yfawmfrlrnfta=umif;/ bkef;awmfºu,f0jynfhpkHjcif;ESifhnDavsmfpGm oifwkd@tm; ay;oem;
awmfrlI arwWmYpdkufysdK;jcif;/ wdkufjrpfvnf;uswnfjcif;&Sdojzifh/ oifwdk@onf oef@&Sif;oltaygif;wdk@.
enf;wl teH/ tvsm;/ teuf/ tjrifw h @kd udk ydik ;f jcm;I odjcif;iSgvnf;aumif;/ ud, k Of m%fEiS rhf odEidk af om
c&pfawmf.arwWmawmfukd odem;vnfjcif;iSgvnf;aumif;/ oifw@dk onf wwfprG ;f Ekid o f jzifh bk&m;ocif.
jynfhpkHawmfrljcif;&Sdor#ESifhtnD jynfhpkH=uygrnfta=umif; igonf qkawmif;avh&Sd.?
Tqkawmif;csufrsm;udk u|EkfyftwGuf t}udrfwpfaxmifxufru awmif;cHaomtcg u|Ekfyf
toufwmYajymif;vJrj_ zpfay:vmonf? u|Eyfk o f nf tcef;(1)rS pwifum toHxu G zf wf¶c_ +hJ yD;/ aygvu k
‘oif’[k azmfjyonfah e&mwdik ;f Y ‘u|Eyfk ’f [lI xnfo h iG ;f jcif;tm;jzif/h ud,k yf ikd f qkawmif;csurf sm;jzpfap
cJhonf?
Oyrmtm;jzifh {zuf/ 3;14-17 udk zwf¶_&mwGif u|Ekfyfonf atmufygtwkdif;zwf¶_cJhonf?
“txufqdkcJh+yD;aomta=umif;a=umifh aumif;uifay:/ ajr}uD;ay:rSm&Sdaom wpftdrfaxmifvkH;wnf;
[laom om;awmftaygi;f wd@k . tcsKyftjcmjzpfawmfral om u|Eyfk w f @kd ocifa,¶_c&pf. crnf;awmfa&S@
rSm u|Ekfyfwdk@.twGif;vludk cGeftm;ESifh+rJ+rHcdkifcef@apI ,kH=unfjcif;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfonf u|Ekfyfwdk@.
pdwfESvkH;txJY usdef;0yfawmfrlrnfta=umif; bkef;awmfºu,f0jynfhpkHjcif;ESifhnDavsmfpGm u|Ekfyfwdk@tm;
ay;oem;awmfrlI arwWmYpdkufysdK;jcif;/ wdkufjrpfvnf;uswnfjcif;&Sdojzifh æ ”
ta&S@wuUqyfjynfe,fwiG f u|Eyfk af emufq;Hk oif;tkyq f &m vkyu f ikd cf ahJ om toif;awmf.yv†if
a&S@wGif 'l;axmufvsuf Tqkawmif;csufESpfcktm; tcsdefrsm;pGm,l+yD; qkawmif;cJhonf? Tqkawmif;
csurf sm;wGif orRmusr;f pmtkyu f kd zGix hf m;+yD; wpfae@v#if t}udraf ygi;f rsm;pGm u|Eyfk t f wGuf qkawmif;
cJhonf? wpffcgwpf&HwGif u|EkfyfZeD;onftm; Adrmefawmfodk@oGm;a&mufqkawmif;rnfjzpfa=umif;/
ta&;ay:udprP [kwyf gu raESmif, h u S &f ef rSm=um;xm;cJ+h yD;/ wpf}udrv f #if ESp&f uf/ ok;H &ufcef@ qkawmif;
jcif;tm;jzifh aexdkifcJhonf?
1947-48 aqmif;wGi;f umvwGif TuJo h @kd qkawmif;jcif;Y tcsed f (6)vcef@ ,laqmifco hJ nf?
xdtk cg u|Eyfk yf xrOD;qk;H qkawmif;aeonft h &monf pwifjzpfysuv f mawmhonf? u|Eyfk q f ak wmif;ae
jcif;onf “bkef;}uD;aom tbcrnf;awmfonf udk,fawmfjrwfudkodjcif;tvdkiSg ynmudk‚if;/ xdk;xGif;
aomOm%fudk‚if;” u|Ekfyftm;ay;ygrnfta=umif;({zuf/ 1;17) awmif;cHcJh&m xdk;xGif;aomOm%f.
vkyfaqmifcsufonf pwifay:aygufvmawmhonf? orRmusrf;pmxJwGif wpfcgr# rjrifrawG@bl;aom
t&mrsm;udk u|EkfyfjrifawG@vmawmhonf? u|EkfyftwGuf pwifyGifhvif;vmonf?
xd(k 6)vtwGi;f u|Eyfk o f nf (14)ESpf tr_awmfaqmifvyk af e+yD; (16)ESpaf usmu f mv c&pf,mef
wpfOD;jzpfaeonfxuf 0dnmOfa&;&mtodw&m;ESifh }uD;yGm;r_wGif ydkrdkwdk;wufzGH@òz;cJhonf?
u|EkfyftwGuf t}uD;rm;qkH;aom 0dnmOfa&;&m&SmazGawG@&Sdcsufwpfckyifjzpfonf? u|Ekfyf.
ZeD;onfudk ajymcJhygonf? “u|Ekfyf b,ft&mudk a[m=um;oGefoifaecJhygoenf;? u|Ekfyfonf orRm
usrf;pmtm; todw&m;rJhjcif;udk toif;axmufrsm;uom od&SdcJhygu jypfwif¶_wfcs=urnfrSm
thH=obG,f&mr[kwfay?”
u|Eyfk wf @kd onf }uD;xGm;vdv k #if u|Eyfk w f @kd txJY c&pfawmfEiS hf bk&m;ocif E_wu f ywfawmfw@kd .
todynmESifh xdk;xGif;aomOm%fwdk@udk &&Sd&ayrnf? xdkt&mrsm;udk u|Ekfyfwdk@. O%fynmtm;jzifh
&&SdEdkifrnfr[kwfbJ oef@&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; zGifhjy&rnfjzpfonf?
vlrsm;onf c&pf,meftcsif;csif;twGuf rnfuJhodk@ qkawmif;&rnfudk od&Sdvdk=uonf?
oifonf ‚if;wdk@twGuf Tqkawmif;csufrsm;tm; pwifqkawmif;jcif;ðyvkyfygu r=umrDyif ‚if;wdk@
wpfoufwm&vm'frsm;udk jrifawG@&rnfjzpfonf? qkawmif;csufrsm;udk oifhtwGuf tokH;ðy&efvnf;
t}uHðyvdkygonf?
ESpftawmftwef=umu u|Ekfyfonf xdkqkawmif;rsm;tm; ae@pOf eHeuf wpf}udrfESifh nae
wpf}udrf rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;twGuf qkawmif;ay;cJhonf? xdkolonf tema&m*g+idrf;jcif;udk tvGef
vdt
k yfvsu&f adS eaomfvnf; tema&m*g+idr;f jcif;ESiyhf wfouf+yD; orRmusr;f pmu oGeo f ifrt _ m; pGu J ikd I
f
r&ouJhodk@jzpfaeonf?
u|Ekfyfqkawmif;aomtcg xdkol.trnfudk ,cifu u|Ekfyftrnfudk xnfhoGif;qkawmif;
ouJo h @kd xnfo h iG ;f qkawmif;ay;cJo h nf? (10)&ufcef@=umaomtcg ‚if;u rdr, d cifu rjrifawG@zl;onfh
t&mrsm;udk jrifawG@ae&+yDjzpfa=umif; pmjzifha&;om;ta=umif;=um;cJhonf? (vkyfaqmifr_rsm;onf
orRmusrf;pmESifhudkufnDr_&Sdvmygu t&m&monf jzpfysufvmonf?)
u|EkfyforRmusrf;pmESifh udkufnDpGm u|Ekfyfrdom;pk/ aqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm;twGuf qkawmif;ay;
aomtcg ‚if;wd@k . ajymif;vJjcif;jrefqefro _ nf th=H obG,&f myifaumif;vSayonf? (xdo k t l chsKd twGuf
u|Ekfyfonf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmyif qkawmif;ay;aecJhaomfvnf; &vm'frsm;udk rawG@&SdcJh&ay?)
,kMH unfo\ l tcGit hf mPm
({zuf/ 6;12) ta=umif;rlum; igwdk@onf taoG;tom;&Sdaom &efolwdk@ESifhqdkifòyifwdkufvSef
&=uonfr[kw?f txGËt f jrwfw@kd ESi‚hf if;/ tm%mpufw@kd ESi‚hf if;/ avmuDarSmifru kd Yf tpd;k w&ðyvkyaf om
rif;wdk@ESifh‚if;/ rdkCf;aumif;uifYaeaom ewfqdk;wdk@ESifh‚if;/ qdkifòyifwdkufvSef&=u.?
ocifa,¶_c&pfrw S qifh ewfq;kd / 0dnmOfq;kd rsm;tay: tcGit hf m%m&Sjd cif;onf bk&m;ociftm;
aus;Zl;awmfcs;D rGr;f &efomjzpfonf? aygvak &S@tcef;rsm;wGif a&;om;xm;cJjh cif; oabmw&m;udk u|Eyfk f
wd@k em;vnfz@kd &ef vdt k yfayonf? u|Eyfk w f @kd onf c&pfawmfrw S qifh tcGit hf m%m&Sad =umif;udk od&zdS @kd &ef
twGuf vdktyfonf? ocifa,¶_bk&m;onf u|Ekfyfwdk@udk,fpm; pmwefudk tEkdif,lxm;+yD;jzpfojzifh/
u|Ekfyfwdk@ ‚if;ESifh,SOfòyifwdkufcdkufaomtcg ‚if;onf ¶_H;edrfh+yD;aom &efoljzpfojzifh u|Ekfyfwdk@taeESifh
‚if;tay:wGif tcGifhtm%m&Sdonf[laom todw&m;tpOft+rJ&Sdae&rnfjzpfonf?
c&pf,meftoufwmY ,k=H unfot l enf;i,fom ,k=H unfow l @kd Y &&Sxd m;aom tcGit hf m%m
ta=umif;od&=dS uonf? tchsKd olrsm;u c&pf,mefrsm; pmweftay:wGif &&Sx d m;aom tcGit hf m%monf
bk&m;ocifa&G;cs,fxm;+yD; txl;wefcdk;ay;xm;oltenf;i,fom ydkifqdkif&&Sdonf[k ,lq=uonf?
xdkuJhodk@ r[kwfay? bk&m;ocif. om;orD;tm;vkH;onf xdktcGifhtm%mudk ydkifqdkifonf?
u|Ekfyfwdk@ 'kwd,t}udrfarG;zGm;vmonfhtcg TtcGifhtm%mudk &&Sd=uonf? ocifa,¶_
c&pfawmfY topfaomowW0grsm;jzpfvmonft h avsmuf ocifa,¶_c&pfawmf. trnfemrudk tarGcH
&&SdonfhtwGuf xdkemrawmfudk &efoltm;qef@usif&mwGif qkawmif;jcif;Y tokH;ðyEdkifonf?
od@k &mwGif pmwefonf c&pf,mefrsm;tm; ,k=H unfo. l tcGit hf m%mta=umif;udk rod&adS pvdk
ay? u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; tcsdefra&G;&_H;edrfhap&ef tvdkqEN&Sdonf? xdk@a=umifhyif c&pf,mefrsm;tm; tcGifh
tm%mta=umif;od&adS pEdik o f nfvh rf;udk enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh ydwyf if&ef óu;pm;onf? Tta=umif;tcsuf
ESiyhf wfoufv#if tjcm;ta=umif;tcsux f uf ydrk I kd wku d cf u
kd of nf? u|Eykf w f @kd trSew f &m;udo k &d cdS v
hJ #if
‚if;onf u|Ekfyfwdk@tay: pdk;rdk;Edkifonfhae@&ufrsm;onf ukefqkH;rnfjzpfa=umif; pmwefod&Sdaeonf?
u|Ekfyfwdk@onf pmweftm;jyefvnfpdk;rdk;+yD;/ u|Ekfyfwdk@. OpPmypPnf;tppftrSefjzpfaom tcGifhtm%mudk
jyefvnfcHpm;&rnfjzpfonf?
“igwkd@onf bk&m;ocifa&S@awmfY arwWmtm;jzifhoef@&Sif;vsuf tjypfuif;vGwfvsufjzpfrnf
ta=umif;/ TurBmrwnfr&SdrD igwdk@udk c&pfawmfY a&G;aumufawmfrlonfESifhtnD aumif;uifbkHESifh
qdkifaomt&mwdk@Y cyfodrf;aom "rRr*Fvmwdk@udk c&pfawmftm;jzifh igwdk@tm; ay;oem;awmfrlaom
igwdk@ocifa,¶_c&pf. crnf;awmfbk&m;ocifonf r*Fvm&Sdawmfrlapownf;?”
({zuf/ 1;3-4)“cyfodrf;aom "rRr*Fvmwdk@”[k qdk&mY “tm;vkH;wpfckrusef”udk qdkvdkonf?
0dnmOfa&;&maumif;}uD;r*Fvmrsm;tm; c&pfawmfY u|Ekfyfwdk@ydkifqdkif=uonf? u|Ekfyfwdk@ odonfjzpfap/
rodonfjzpfap tcGifhtm%mtm; u|Ekfyfwdk@ydkifqdkifonf? odk@&mwGif od&Sdjcif;ESifhyif rvkHavmufay?
c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrdwdk@. ydkifqdkifr_udk rod&SdygbJvsuf toufwmvrf;c&D;xJY av#mufvSrf;aejcif;
onf tvGefyif0rf;enf;bG,f&mjzpfayonf?
oifonf qifjcifpOf;pm;zl;ygovm;? u,fwifjcif;onf tjypfom;twGujf zpfonf? ocifa,¶_
onf tqd;k &Gm;qk;H aomtjypfom;twGuyf ifv#if u,fwifjcif;udk tzd;k tcay;cg 0,f,cl +hJ yD;jzpfouJo h @kd
u|Eyfk wf @kd twGuv f nf; xd@k twlvyk af qmifay;+yD;jzpfonf? xd@k twGuaf =umifyh ifv#if owif;aumif;tm;
a0iS=u&ef/ ocifa,¶_u u|Ekfyfwdk@tm;ajymqdkaejcif;jzpfonf? tjypfom;rsm;tm; bk&m;ocifESifh
jyefvnfaygif;pnf;Edkif+yDjzpfa=umif; ajymqdk&efjzpfonf?
u|Eyfk w
f @kd onf tjypfom;rsm;tm; trSew f u,fyif xdu k ohJ @kd wpf}udrw f pfcgr# rajym=um;cJah y?
bk&m;ocifonf ‚if;wdk@tm;tvGefyifpdwfqdk;a=umif;/ ‚if;wdk@vkyfaqmifaomtjypfrsm;udk a&wGuf
rSwfom;vsuf&Sda=umif;omv#ifajymqdkcJh=uonf? odk@&mwGif bk&m;ocifu tjypfom;.tjypfrsm;udk
a&wGufrSwfom;xm;onf[lI orRmusrf;pmu rqdkay? tm;vkH;y,fzsufvdkuf+yDjzpfonf?
xdk@a=umifhyif Tt&monf tvGefqdk;&Gm;ygonf? tjypfom;onf Ttcsufudkrod&SdbJ rdrd
tjypfrsm;udk acszsufxm;vsufyif i&Jodk@ oGm;vsuf&Sdonf? (2aum/ 5;19)u xdkt&mudk oifhtm;
azmfjyaeonf?
tjypfESifhywfoufonfh jy\emr&Sdawmhyg? ocifa,¶_ ajz&Sif;xm;+yD;jzpfonf? tjypfom;
jy\emomv#if&Sdaeonf? tjypfom;tm; ocifa,¶_xHodk@ ac:aqmifoGm;cJhv#if xdkjy\em&Sif;vif;
oGm;rnfjzpfonf? tchsdKolrsm; od&SdoabmaygufonfrSm xkduJhodk@ r[kwfaomfvnf; orRmusrf;pmu
Ttwkdif;azmfjyxm;onf?
tjypfom;onf rdrdykdifqdkifonfht&mudk rod&Sdygu/ rdrdtwGuf rnfodk@r#tusdK;xl;rnfr[kwf
ay? xdek nf;wlyif c&pf,mefrsm;onf rdrw d @kd ydik q
f ikd o f nft
h &mrsm;udk rod&ydS gu ‚if;wd@k twGuf rnfo@kd r#
tusdK;xl;rnfr[kwfay?rnfonfht&mudk rdrdydkifqdkifonfudk od&Sdzdk@&efvdktyfonf? xdk@a=umifhyif
bk&m;ocifu toif;awmfwGif oGefoifay;olq&mrsm;xm;&Sdjcif;jzpfonf? u|Ekfyfwdk@ydkifqdkifr_rsm;udk
azmfjy&eftwGuf u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; E_wfuywfawmfudkay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
obm0avmuxJYyif u|Eyfk w f @kd ydik qf ikd o
f nft h &mrsm;&Sad omfjim;vnf; u|Eyfk w f @kd xdt
k &mrsm;udk
rod&ydS gu rnfonft h usKd ;udrk # cHpm;&rnfr[kwaf y? u|Eyfk . f yduk q f t H w
d x
f YJ aiG(20)udk xnfx h m;+yD;
arhavsmhaecJhonf? wpfae@aomtcgwGif um;wGif "gwfqDukefojzifh "gwfqDxnfh&eftwGuf u|Ekfyf.
tdwfxJwGif aiG&Smaomtcg xdkaiG(20)udk awG@&SdcJhonf? trSefrSm u|EkfyfawG@onf[krqdkEdkifay? xdkaiG
onf u|Ekfyf.tdwfxJYomtpOf&SdaecJhonf? u|Ekfyfrod&SdcJhojzifhom rokH;pGJcJh&aomfvnf; u|Ekfyfodod/
rodod/ u|Ekfyf.ypPnf;omv#ifjzpfcJhonf?
ESpftawmftwef=umu vlwpfOD;onf rdrdaps;aygaygESifhiSg;&rf;xm;aom tcef;wpfckwGif
aoqkH;aeonfudk awG@&Sd&a=umif; zwf¶_cJh&onf? ‚if;onf t0wftpm;rsm;pkwfjywfaeum trd_ufykH;
rsm;tm; vdu k vf aH r$aESmuf&mS azGpm;aomufaeoltjzpf csu D m*dòk r@.vrf;ray:wGif jrifawG@aeus jrifuiG ;f
wpfcjk zpfonf? ‚if;tm; 2-3&ufcef@ rawG@&Sad omtcg tdref ;D em;csi;f rsm;u &SmazG&mY tdy, f mxJYyif
aoqk;H aea=umif;/ awG@&Scd &hJ onf? aq;ppfcsut f & ‚if;onf tpma&pmjywfvyfojzifh aoqk;H a=umif;
od&Sd&+yD;/ ‚if;.cg;Yywfxm;aom aiGtdwfwpfckwGif (23˜000)a':vmudk awG@&SdcJh&onf?
xdkolonf tvGeftrif;yif qif;&JpGmaexdkif+yD;/ owif;pmydk@jcif;vkyfief;tm;jzifh pm;aomuf
aeaomfvnf;/ ‚if;YaiG&SdcJhonf? tvGefEkHjcmonfhtcef;Y aernfhtpm;/ taumif;qkH;[dkw,fYaexdkif
Ekdifonf? tjcm;olrsm; pGef@ypfxm;onfh tpm;tpmrsm;udk vdkufvH&SmazGpm;aomufaernfhtpm;
tpm;taomufaumif;rsm;udk pm;aomufEidk cf o hJ nf? od@k &mwGif ‚if;onf rdryd ikd q
f ikd o
f nft
h &mudk tok;H
rðycJhay?
u|Ekfyfwdk@onf rdrdydkifqdkifonfht&mrsm;udk od&Sdzdk@&ef vdktyfvSayonf? ocifa,¶_u “orRm
w&m;udkvnf; od=uojzifh/ xdkw&m;onf oifwdk@udk v$wfvdrfhrnf[k æ rdef@awmfrl.?”(a,m/ 8;32)
(a[ma&S/ 4;6)wGif bk&m;ocifu “igv h (l tjypfom;rsm;/ avmuvlrsm;r[kw)f wd@k onf ynmenf;aom
a=umifhqkH;¶_H;=u.?” [lIrdef@qdkcJhonf? rysufpD;oihfolrsm;ysufpD;&jcif;yifjzpfonf?
qufvufazmfjyygrnf?
b0c&D;ESiaf paom&nf&,
G cf suf
q&matmifouf!Gef@
tcsdef,l&onf
cyfodrf;aomt&mwdk@onf rdrdwdk@tcsdef&Sd.? rdkCf;aumif;uifatmufY }uHpnfor#
toD;toD;udk ðy&aomtcsdef&Sd.? (a'/ 3;1)
oifwdk@wGif aumif;aomtr_udk ðypðyawmfrlaomolonf a,¶_c&pf.ae@&ufwdkifatmif
+yD;pD;vsuf ðyawmfrlrnf[k igoabmus.? (zd/ 1;6)
}uD;xGm;&ifhusuf&ef jzwfvrf; r&Sdyg? oif[m toD;wpfrsdK;udk tcsdefrwkdifrD
u|Ek f y f w d k @ vl v m;ajrmuf & ef ES p f a ygif ; &ifhrSnfhatmif vkyfvdkuf&if/ tJ'DtoD;[m ol@&Jh
rsm;pGm tcsed ,
f &l ygonf? toD;tESaH wG &ifrh n S +hf yD; t&omtppf qk;H ¶_;H oGm;ygvrd rfh ,f? tar&duefEidk if H
teH@t&omeJ@jynfph zHk @kd &moDwpfwiG ;f =umygonf? rSmqdk&if c&rf;csOfoD;awGudk wifoGif;wJhtcgrsdK;rSm
tvm;wl y J 0d n mOf t oD ; oD ; zd k @ / c&pf a wmf & J h vrf;c&D;wav#muf ykyfysufroGm;atmifqdk+yD;/
o¾mef a wmf e J @ wl z d k @ óu;pm;wJ h t cgrS m vnf ; rrSnfhcif cl;xm;avh&Sdw,f? ra&mif;cifrSm tJ'D
tvsiw f apm jzpfrvmEkid yf gb;l ? cE<mud, k f zG@H òz;zd@k c&rf ; csOf o D ; tpd r f ; awG u d k teD a &mif j zpf a tmif
tcsdefvdkovdkyJ? 0dnmOfa&;&m}uD;xGm;&ifhusufzdk@ umAGe'f ikd af tmufq'kd "f gwaf iGe@J jzef;vduk w f ,f? 'Dvkd
vnf; tcsdef,l&ygw,f? "gwfaiG@jzef;xm;wJh c&rf;csOfoD;awG[m pm;vdk@&
ayr,fh/ tyifrSmobm0twkdif;rSnfhatmifxm;+yD; aewke;f yJ? u|Eyfk w f @kd &Jh ajymif;vJrr_ &Sad o;rD &ifqikd f
rS cl;wJh c&rf;csOo f ;D awG&t hJ &omeJ@awmh wjcm;pDyg? &wJhtawG@t}uHKu ocifa,¶_u “igonf wHcg;
u|Ekfyfwdk@[m u|Ekfyfwdk@&Jh }uD;xGm;r_E_ef; a&S@rSm&yfvsuf/ tajr‡mufESifhypfrnf”vdk@ ajymae
b,f a vmuf j ref o vJ q d k w J h ud p P e J @ ywf o uf + yD ; / wmrsdK; jzpfw,f?
pd;k &draf e&wJth csed rf mS bk&m;ocifuawmh u|Eyfk w f @kd oifh&Jh pdwfESvkH;wHcg;udk c&pfawmf0ifzdk@
b,favmuf}uHhckdifpGm }uD;xGm;vmovJqdkwm zGifhay;vdkufwJhtcsdefrSmawmh bk&m;ocifu oifh&Jh
udkyJ pdwf0ifpm;w,f? bk&m;ocif[m u|Ekfyfwdk@&Jh ESv;Hk om;xJrmS ajcukypf cef;wpfcu k kd wnfaqmuf
toufwmawGudk xm0&tjrifeJ@ =unfhw,f? vdkufrSmjzpfw,f? oif[m oifh&Jh b0wpfckvkH;udk
xm0&umvtwGuf¶_jrifw,f? 'ga=umifh bk&m; bk&m;ocifxHrSm tnhHcH t¶_H;ay;vdkuf&w,fvdk@
ocif[m b,fawmhrSpdwfravmbl;? xifaumif;xifrdygvdrfhr,f? 'gayr,fh trSefw&m;
av;t'rf(pf)qdo k l wpfa,mufu 0dnmOf wpfcku oifhtoufwmrSm oif *¶krðyrdwJht&m
ydkif;qdkif&m }uD;xGm;&ifhusufr_jzpfpOfudk 'kwd, awG trsm;}uD;jzpfvmzd@k &Sad o;w,fqw kd mygy?J oif
urBmppfwkef;u awmifypdzdwfork'N&mu|ef;EkdifiH 'kuaQ &mufaewJt h cdu k t f wef@rSmawmh oif odxm;
vGwfvyfa&;&atmif r[mrdwfEdkifiHawG tokH;ðy oavmufom bk&m;ocifukd tyfEEHS idk rf mS jzpfw,f?
cJw
h hJ ppfAsL[meJ@Eid_ ;f ,SOjf yw,f? yxrawmh olw@kd u 'g[m jy\emr&Sdygbl;? oif[m c&pfawmf0if
u|ef;ay:rSm&SdwJh &efol@ppfwyf&Jh cHppftm;enf; a&muftkyfpdk;r_&Jhtuef@wpfuef@om ay;vdkufyg?
atmifq+kd yD;awmh urf;pyfem;uae oabFmawGukd tJ'D ao;i,fwJhtpdwftydkif;uaewqifh oifh
tajr‡mufawGeJ@ ypfckdif;w,f? aemufwpfqifhrSm touf w mwpf c k v k H ; ol @ tyd k i f j zpf o G m ;wJ h t xd
usawmh urf;wufwyfom;wpfchsdKu u|ef;ay:udk wpfqifh+yD;wpfqifh vkyfaqmifoGm;ygvdrfhr,f? 'Dh
xdk;azguf0ifa&muf+yD;/ tJ'Du|ef;udk xdef;csKyfEkdifzdk@ twGuf oif[m b0wdu k yf aJG wGrmS ¶ke;f uefaf e&OD;
twGuf pcef;wpfckwnfaqmufvdkufw,f? tJ'D rSmyg? 'gayr,fh &vmr,fh tusdK;&v'fuawmh
wyf[m cdkifcHhoGm;awmhrS u|ef;wpfckvkH;&Jh vGwf oHo,jzpfp&mr&Sdygbl;? bk&m;ocifu “oifwdk@
ajrmufa&;twGuf/ tpDtpOfawGudk pepfwus wGif aumif;aomtr_ukd ðypðyawmfral omolonf
vk y f a qmif o G m ;w,f ? e,f y ,f t ao;awG u d k a,¶_c&pf.ae@&ufwikd af tmif +yD;pD;vsuf ðyawmfrl
wjznf;jznf;eJ@odrf;oGm;+yD;/ aemufqkH;rSmawmh rnf[k igoabmus.?”(zd/ 1;6)vdk@ *wdawmfay;
u|e;f }uD;wpfcv k ;Hk udk odr;f ydu
k v
f u
kd Ef idk jf cif;jzpfw,f? xm;ygw,f?
'gayr,fh 'Dvdk&zdk@twGuf }uD;rm;wJhwdkufyGJawG wynfhawmfjzpfjcif;qdkwm[m c&pfawmf
udkawmh qifE$JcJh&w,f? &Jh o¿mefawmfeJ@wl&ef toGiful;ajymif;jcif;jzpf
'geJ@ tvm;wlwJh ykHyrmudk t'rf(pf)u ygw,f ? orR m usrf ; pmrS m “igwd k @ &S d o r#onf
ajymjyw,f? u|Eyfk w f @kd toufwmY ajymif;vJjcif; ,kH=unfjcif;odk@‚if;/ bk&m;ocif.om;awmfudk
tm;jzifh c&pfawmfcsOf;eif;0ifa&mufrvmcifrSm odu|rf;jcif;odk@‚if;/ wnDwnGwfwnf;a&mufI
u|Ekfyfwdk@udk u|Ekfyfwdk@ rudkifwG,f rajz&Sif;EkdifwJh c&pfawmf. jynfhpkHjcif;yrm%t&yfwnf;[laom
jy\emawGeJ@ t&ifay;awG@w,f? 'Dvdk ay;awG@ }uD ; &if h a omvl . tjzpf o d k @ a&muf = uonf h w d k i f
vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh u|Ekfyfwdk@[m tm;enf;oGm; atmif jzpfownf;?”({/ 4;13)vdk@ azmfjyxm;yg
w,f? wchsKd usawmh c&pfawmfu pdwEf v S ;Hk wHcg;udk w,f? c&pfawmf.o¿mefawmfESifhwlvmjcif;[m
yxrt}udrf acgufv#ifacgufcsif;yJ zGifhay;vdkuf=u oif&h hJ aemufq;Hk yef;wdik f jzpfaomfvnf;/ 'Dyef;wdik f
ayr,fh/ trsm;pkuawmh acgif;rmrmeJ@ckcHumuG,f a&mufzdk@ b0wav#mufvkH;tcsdef,l&ygw,f?
yef;wdkifa&mufzdk@ av#mufvSrf;&r,fh c&D; jznf;csif;zGH@òz;wdk;wufvmapaomenf;udk a&G;cs,f
pOfrSm 0wfðyudk;uG,fjcif;tm;jzifh jzpfay:vmwJh cJhygw,f? ocifa,¶_[m rdrd&JhwynfhawmfawG
,kH=unfjcif;/ rd\[m,zGJ@r_tm;jzifh jzpfvmwJh }uD;xGm;&ifhusufvmzdk@twGufvnf; tcsdef,lcJhyg
oif;0ifjcif;/ wynfah wmfjzpfjcif;rSwqifh ayguzf mG ; w,f? bk&m;ocif[m Áoa&vvlrsdK;awG 'kuQ
vmwJh oif&h jhJ zpfwnfrp_ wJh t&mok;H rsKd ; yg0ifw,f ra&muf & avatmif q d k + yD ; / *wd x m;&mjynf u d k
qdw k m awG@jrif&ygw,f? oif[m wpfae@+yD;wpfae@ enf;enf;csif;om odrf;ydkufapcJhygw,f? (w&m;/
udk,fawmfeJ@ ydkwlvmzdk@ bk&m;ociftvdk&Sdw,f? 7;22) bk&m;ocif[m u|Ekfyfwdk@toufwmrSm
usr;f pmxJrmS “zefqif;awmfral omol. yko H ¾mef vnf ; / wpf q if h + yD ; wpf q if h wd k ; wuf v mwmud k
ESifhtnD rSefaomynmtm;jzifh topfðyjyifaom ydkvdkvm;wmawG@&ygw,f?
vl o pf u d k ,l w if 0 wf a qmif a omol j zpf = u.?” ðyjyifajymif;vJr_jzpfzdk@eJ@ }uD;xGm;&ifhusuf
(aum/ 3;10)vdk@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f? vmzdk@ bma=umifh 'Davmufawmiftcsdef,l&yg
,ae@ u|Ekfyfwdk@[m tcsdef=uef@=umr_eJ@ ovJ? ta=umif;&if;awGtrsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f?
ywfouf+yD;/ ylyefaomua&mufaewwfayr,fh u|Eyfk w
f @kd [m oif,rl a_ ES;aomolrsm; jzpf
bk&m;ocifuawmh jrefqefrx _ uf pGr;f tm;eJ@cdik rf m onf? wpfcgwpf&HrSm u|Ekfyfwdk@[m oifcef;pm
r_ &Sdr&Sdudk ydk+yD;tav;xm;w,fqdkwm/ awG@&yg wpf c k u d k taotcsmem;vnf o abmayguf z d k @
w,f? u|Eyfk w f @kd [m jzwfvrf;eJ@ tvsipf vdðk yrljcif;/ twGuf tcgav;ig;q,f jyef+yD;/ avhvm&wwf
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O Little Town of Bethlehem
(Luke 2:4)
Phillips Brooks (1835-1893) Lewis H. Redner (1830-1908)
Julia Thang
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TnwGif jynfph v Hk m? pyfqckd jhJ cif;jzpfonf[q k okd nf? olonf 1866 ckEpS u f Holy
Land od@k c&D;xGuc fohJ nf? Aufvufòr@od@k oGm;I 'DZifbm
2? r,fawmfrm&donf xdn k rSm v (24)&ufnwGif od;k xde;f rsm;xHY aumif;uifwrefrsm;
om;awmfukd bGm;aomcg xif & S m ;jyaomae&m[k rS w f o m;xm;aomae&mod k @
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arwWmawmfapmif=h unf=h u? 10em&DrS nae 3;00em&Dtxd c&pfawmfzGm;jrifawmfrlcJh
rd;k aomuf=u,frsm; wlwuG &mae&m[kowfrw S x f m;aomae&mYwnf&adS om Church
bGm;jrifa=umif;aºu;a=umf=u/ of Nativity toif;awmfY bk&m;0wfðycJo h nf? xdo k @kd bk&m;
bk&m;*k%af wmfcs;D rGr;f aºu;a=umf 0wfðy&mY pdwEf v S ;Hk udt k vGew f @kd xdjcif;cHc&hJ onf? xdt k csed f
+idrf of ufjcif; ajr}uD;ay:? Y oDqdk=uaomoDcsif;oHrsm;ESifhxdkae&mY&Sdaejcif;a=umifh
ol.pdwfESvkH;wGif oDcsif;wpfyk'fjzpfay:vmonf? odk@aomf
3? Aufvifòr@om;/ oli,fbk&m; 1868 ck E S p f u srS xd k o D c sif ; ud k p yf q d k j zpf o nf ? xd k E S p f Y
qif;oufºuawmfryl g? Pennsylvania jynfe,f/ Philadelphia &S/d oif;tkyq f &m
tjypfrsm;udk z,f&mS ;+yD;cg tjzpf ol tr_awmfxrf;aqmifaeaom Holy Trinity
pdwwf iG f ude;f awmfryl g? Church toif;awmf. (Sunday School) Oykofpmajz
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aumif;uifom;rsm;¹rufqkd &ef&SmazGcJhaomfvnf; pdwfóuufr&&SdbJjzpfaeonf? vGefcJh
{rmaEGv t&Sib f &k m; aomESpEf pS u f Holy Land od@k oGm;a&mufcphJ Ofu &&Sad om
ºuvm ude;f awmf rlyg? oDcsi;f udk owd&vsu&f adS eao;aoma=umif/h xdo k cD si;f udyk if
pyfqdk&ef pOf;pm;vdkufonf?
c&pPrwf Carol oDcsi;f rsm;xJwiG f xd k a emuf xd k o D c sif ; ud k p EN , m;q&mvnf ; jzpf /
emrnfausm=f um;aom ToDcsi;f udk tar Oykopf majzausmif;.pDrt H yk cf sKyfov l nf;jzpfaom Lewis H.
&duefEkdifiH&Sd emrnfausmfw&m;a[mq&m Redner udk cav;rsm;vG,u f pl mG oDqEkd idk rf nfoh pH Ofu&kd mS ay;
wpfOD;jzpfol Phillips Brooks pyfqdkcJhyg &efajymumay;vdu k o f nf? Lewis H. Redner onf xdpk Ofu
Philadelphia e,fw0dkufY Oykofpmajzausmif; jzpf+yD;/ t&yfrSm 6ay 6vuRjrifhonf? ESvkH;om;
bufYjzpfap/ *DwbufYjzpfap/ tvGeyf ifpw d t f m; jzLpif o nf ? w&m;a[mtvG e f u |rf ; usif o nf
xufoefoltjzpfvlodrsm;oljzpfonf? oif;tkyf wpfrdepfv#if pum;vkH; 250 ausmfajymEkdifpGrf;&Sd
q&m.oDcsif;pmom;ESifhvdkufzufrnfhoHpOfudk&Sm onf[q k ykd gonf? ol.pum;ajymu|r;f usiv f rd mR
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r&jzpfaeonf? tpDtpOfrprDwpf&uftvdk wpfn acwfpm;aom Unitarianism udyk if wm;qD;ydwyf if
Y tdyaf e&if;rS ¶kww f &ufvef@Ek;d vmu ToHpOfukd EkdifcJhonf[kqdkygonf? Unitarian ,kH=unfcsufu
&&Sdvdkufonf? Redner onf ToDcsif;oHpOfudk v$ r f ; rd k ; xm;aom Harvard wuU o d k v f u d k y if
‘aumif;uifrSvufaqmif’[kt+rJajymonfqdk.? v_yfcwfEkdifpGrf;&Sdonf[kqdkygonf?
cav;rsm;tvGefóuufESpfouf=u+yD;/ ,ae@wdkif tdraf xmifrðybJ vlysKd }uD;b0jzifh aexdik f
atmif cav;rsm;wifru/ vl}uD;rsm;yif tvGef aeaomfvnf;/ cav;tvGefcspfwwfonf[kqdk
óuufESpfoufaomoDcsif;wpfyk'fjzpfvmcJhayonf? onf? ol.pm=unfhcef;xJodk@ cav;rsm;vmvnf
Phillips Brooks onf cav;rsm;oDq& kd ef oDcsi;f Iaeaysm&f ef cav;rsm;óuufwwfaom upm;p&m
tyk'faygif;rsm;pGm pyfqdkcJhygaomfvnf;/ ,ae@wdkif t¶kyftrsdK;rsdK;udk xm;&Sdonf? yv†ifay: Y toH
vlord sm;IoDq=kd uaomoDcsi;f rSm ToDcsi;f wpfy'k f =o=o}uD;jzifh/ tmabmiftm&if;oefoefw&m;
om&Sdonf[kqdkEdkifygonf? a[mwwfaomoif;tkyfq&monf/ ol.tdrfcef;
Phillips Brooks onf tar&duefEkdifiH/ wGif;&Sd =urf;jyifay:wGif cav;rsm;ESifh vkH;axG;
ruf q mcsL;quf j ynf e ,f / abmh p wG e f Y 1869 aqmhupm;wwfavh&Sdonf? ¶kwfw&ufac:awmf
ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;onf? Harvard wuUodkvf ESifh rljcif;cH&aomtcg/ ol@udkodoltm;vkH;tvGefyif
Episcopal Theological Seninary wd@k rb S @JG &+y;D aom 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ=uvsuf/ ridkaomolr&Sdoavmuf
tcg 1859 ckrpS I oif;tkyq f &mtjzpf tr_awmf yifjzpfonf[kqdkonf?
Y yg0if c J h o nf ? 1859 rS 1869 ck E S p f t xd 5 ESptf &G,f &Sad om Phillips Brooks .
Philadelphia Y‚if;/ 1869 rS 1891 ckESpftxd/ oli,fcsif; cav;i,fav;wpfa,mufu ol@udk
Boston, Trinity Church toif;awmfY‚if;/ tr_ rjrifonfrSm=umvm+yDjzpfI/ pdwfrcsrf;romjzpf
awmfYyg0ifcJhonf? ac:awmfrljcif;rcH&rD 1893 um/ ol.rdcifudkar;onf? ol.rdcifu Bishop
txd Massachusetts jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd toif; Brooks onf aumif;uifEkdifiHodk@ jyefoGm;+yDjzpf
awmftm;vkH;udktkyfcsKyfaom*dk%f;csKyf (Bishop) a=umif;/ ol.om;i,fudk&Sif;jyaomtcg/ ol.
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Phillips Brooks onf xGm;usKd if;olwpfO;D =urSmyJaemf tar”[k jyefajymonf[k qdyk gonf?
owif;wdkxGm
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'DZifbmv(18)&ufae@u/ bk&m;&SifxHrStrGefjrwfqkH;aomvufaqmif/ &ifaoG;&wemorD;OD;av;udk
zGm;jrifa=umif;/ od&ygojzifh/ rdom;pkESifhxyfwl0rf;ajrmuf&yga=umif;/ MC pmapmifrS rSwfwrf;wiftyf
ygonf? bk&m;a&S@vla&S@wGif rsufESmom&aom orD;tvdrRmav;jzpfygrnfhta=umif;/ bk&m;&Sifonf
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tjynfjynfqdkif&m vlUtcGifhta&; aMunmpmwrf;
1948 ckEpS f 'DZifbmv 10 &ufaeYwiG f urÇmu Y vk or*¾tzGUJ nDvmcH tpnf;ta0;Bu;D u vlt Y cGiYf
ta&;aMunmpmwrf;Bu;D udk twnfjyKí aMunmvku d &f mxkad Munmpmwrf;Bu;D \ pmom;onf aemuf
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tydk'f 12
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rS aomfvnf;aumif; Oya't& umuG,yf ikd cf iG &Yf o dS nf/
tydk'f 13
(1) vlwikd ;f wGif rdr\ d Edik if H e,ferd w d tf wGi;f ü vGwv f yfpmG oGm;vm a&TUajymif;Edik cf iG ?Yf aexdik cf iG &Yf o dS nf/
(2) vlwdkif;wGif rdrdaexdkif&mwdkif;jynfrSvnf;aumif;? tjcm;wdkif;jynfrSvnf;aumif; xGufcGm
oGm;ydkifcGifY&Sdonfhtjyif? rdrd\wdkif;jynfodkY jyefvmydkifcGifhvnf;&Sdonf/
tydk'f 14
(1) vlwdkif;onf n§Of;yrf;ESdyfpufcHae&jcif;rS vGwfuif;&ef tjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;ü at;csrf;pGmckdvHI
aeEdkifcGifh&Sdonf/
(2) EdkifiHa&;ESifh rywfoufonfh jypfrIrsm;rSaomfvnf;aumif;? ukvor*¾\&nf&GufcsufESifh
oabmw&m;rsm;udkzDqefaomtrIrsm;rSaomfvn;faumif;? trSefay:aygufvmaomjypfrIaMumifh
w&m;pGJqdkjcif;cH&onfhtrItcif;rsm;wGif txufygtcGifYta&;udk toHk;rjyKEdkifap&/
tydk'f 15
(1) vlwdkif;onf EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH\ EdkifiHom;tjzpf cH,lcGifh&Sdonf/
(2) Oya't& r[kwv f Qif rnforl Q rdr\ d Edik if o H m;tjzpfukd pGev Yf w T jf cif; rcHap&? Edik if o H m;tjzpf
ajymif;vJEdkifaomtcGifYta&;udkvnf; jiif;y,fjcif;rcHap&/
tydk'f 16
(1) t&G,fa&mufNyD;aom a,musfm;ESifYrdef;rwkdYwGif vlrsdK;udkaomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHom;tjzpfukd
aomfvnf;aumif;? ud;k uG,o f nfb h momudk aomfvnf;aumif;? taMumif;jyKí csKycf s,f uefo Y wfjcif;
r&Sb d ?J xdr;f jrm;Edik cf iG Ehf iS Yf rdom;pkxal xmifEikd cf iG &hf o dS nf/ tqdyk g a,musmf ;ESirYf ed ;f rwdo Yk nf vifr,m;
tjzpf aygif;oif;aepOftcsed t f wGi;f üaomfvnf;aumif;? tdraf xmifudk zsuo f rd ;f í uGm&Si;f Muonfh
tcgüvnf;aumif;? vufxyfaygif;oif;tdraf xmifjyKjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f aom wlno D nfh tcGit Yf a&;rsm;
udk &&Sx d u
kd o f nf/
(2) owdo Yk m;ESiYf owdo Yk rD; ESpOf ;D ESpb f uf\ vGwv f yfaomoabmqE´&rdS o S mvQif xdr;f jrm;jcif;udk
jyK&rnf/
(3) rdom;pkwpfco k nf vlt Y zGtYJ pnf;\ obm0usaomtajccHtzGUJ wpf&yfjzpfonf? xdrk o d m;pkonf
vlYtzGJYtpnf;ESifYtpdk;&wdkY\ umuG,fapmifYa&Smufjcif;udk cH,lcGifY&Sdonf/
tydk'f 17
vlwikd ;f wGif rdrw d pfO;D csi;f aomfvnf;aumif; ? tjcm;olrsm;ESiYf zufpyfíaomfvnf;aumif;? ypön;f Opöm
wdu Yk kd ydik q f ikd &f ef tcGit Yf a&;&d&S rnf/
Oya't& r[kwfvQif? rnfolrQ rdrd\ ypönf;OpömydkifqdkifcGifYudk pGefYvTwfjcif;rcHap&/
tydk'f 18
vlwikd ;f wGif vGwv f yfpmG awG;ac:Buq H Edik cf iG ?Yf vGwv f yfpmG cH,&l yfwnfEikd cf iG Ehf iS hf vGwv f yfpmG ouf0if
ud;k uG,Ef ikd cf iG &hf o dS nf/ tqdyk gtcGit Yf a&;rsm;ü rdru d ;kd uG,o
f nfb h momudk odw Yk nf;r[kwf ouf0if
,HMk unfcsuu f v dk w G vf yfpmG ajymif;vJEikd cf iG hf yg0ifonft h jyif rdrw d pfa,mufcsi;f jzpfap? tjcm;olrsm;ESiYf
pkaygif;íjzpfap? jynfoltrsm;a&SUarSmufwGifaomfvnf;aumif;? a&SUarSmufwGifr[kwfbJaomfvnf;
aumif;? rdru d ;dk uG,af ombmomukd odw Yk nf;r[kwf ouf0if,MkH unfcsuu f kd vGwv f yfpmG oifjyEdik cf iG ?Yf
usifhoHk;EdkifcGifh? 0wfjyKudk;uG,fEdkifcGifhESifh aqmufwnfEdkifcGifhwdkYvnf;yg0ifonf/
tydk'f 19
vlwdkif;wGif vGwfvyfpGmxifjrif,lqEdkifcGifhESifY vGwfvyfpGmzGifh[azmfjyEdkifcGifh&Sdonf/ tqdkyg
tcGit Yf a&;rsm;ütaESmift h ,Surf &Sb d ?J vGwv f yfpmG xifjrif,q l Edik cf iG yhf g0ifonft h jyif? Edik if eH ,ferd w
d f
rsm;udk axmufxm;&efrvdkbJ? owif;taMumif;t&mESifY oabmw&m;rsm;udk wenf;enf;jzifY
vGwfvyfpGm&Sm,lqnf;yl;EdkifcGifY? vufcHEdkifcGifYESifY a0iSjzefYcsdcGifYwdkYvnf; yg0ifonf/
tydk'f 20
(1) vlwdkif;wGif vGwfvyfat;csrf;pGmpka0;EdkifcGifhESifh zGJUpnf;EdkifcGifhwdkY &Sdonf/
(2) rnfoludkrQ tzGJUtpnf;wpfckodkY 0ifap&ef twif;tMuyfrjyK&/
tydk'f 21
(1) vlwikd ;f wGif rdrEd ikd if \ H tkycf sKyaf &;ü uk, d w f ikd jf zpfap? vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,v f udk o f nfh ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;rSwpfqifhjzpfap yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifcGifh&Sdonf/
(2) vlwdkif;wGif rdrd\EdkifiH&Sd jynfolY0efxrf;tzJGUü 0ifa&mufEdkif&ef wlnDonfhtcGifhta&;&Sdonf/
(3) jynfojl ynfom;wd\ Yk qE´onf tkycf sKyt f mPm\ tajccHjzpf&rnf? tqdyk g qE´ukd tcsed u f mv
yd k i f ; jcm;vsuf p pf r S e f a oma&G ; aumuf y G J r sm;jzif Y xif & S m ;ap&rnf / a&G ; aumuf y G J r sm;wG i f v nf ;
vlwikd ;f tnDtrQ qE´rJ ay;Edik cf iG &hf &dS rnft h jyif? xkad &G;aumufyrJG sm;udk vQKd U0Surf aJ y;pepfjzifh jzpfap?
tvm;wl vGwfvyfaomrJay;pepfjzifh jzpfap? usif;y&rnf/
tydk'f 22
vlwdkif;wGif vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ tzGJY0ifwpfOD;taeESifY vlrIa&;vHkNcHKcGifY&,lydkifYcGifY&SdonfYtjyif
EdkifiHa&;BudK;yrf;rIjzifYjzpfap? EdkifiHwumyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIjzifYjzpfap? EdkifiHtoD;oD;\zGJUpnf;yHkESifY
vnf;aumif;? o,HZmwtiftm;ESiv Yf nf;aumif;? xkv d \ l *kPo f ud m© ESiYf p½ku d v f u©Pm vGwv f yfpmG
wd;k wufjrifrY m;a&;twGuf r&Srd jzpfvt dk yfaom pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &;ESiYf ,Ofaus;rI tcGit Yf a&;rsm;udk
oHk;pGJydkifcGifY&Sdonf/
tydk'f 23
(1) vlwikd ;f wGif tvkyv f yk &f efvnf;aumif;? rdrEd pS o f uf&mtoufarG;rItvkyt f udik u f dk vGwvf yfpmG
a&G;cs,&f efvnf;aumif;? w&m;rQwí vkyaf ysmaf om tvkycf iG \ f tajctaeudk &&S&d efvnf;aumif;?
tvkyfvufrJYjzpf&jcif;rStumtuG,f&&Sd&efvnf;aumif; tcGifYta&;&Sdonf/
(2) vlwikd ;f wGif cGjJ cm;jcif;rcH&apbJ? wlnaD om tvkyt f wGuf wlnaD om tcaMu;aiG &Edik cf iG &Yf o dS nf/
(3) tvkyv f yk uf ikd o
f nfh vlwikd ;f wGi?f rdrEd iS Yf rdr\
d rdom;pktwGuf vl*Y P k o f u d m© ESiYf nDatmif aexdik f
pm;aomufEikd &f ef? pdwcf savmufonfjh yif? w&m;rQwí vkyaf ysmo f nfh vpmaMu;aiG &ykid cf iG &Yf o dS nf/
vdktyfcJYvQif tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;rS vlrIa&;taxmuftyHhudkvnf; xyfrHí&EdkifcGifY&dSonf/
(4) vlwdkif;wGif rdrdtusdK;cHpm;cGifYudkumuG,f&ef tvkyform;tpnf;t½Hk;rsm; zGJUpnf;cGifh? yg0if
aqmif&GufcGifh &Sdonf/
tydk'f 24
vlwikd ;f wGif oifjh rwfavsmu f efpmG uefo Y wfxm;onfh tvkyv f yk cf sed t
f jyif? vpmESiw hf uG tcgumv
tm;avsmfpGm owfrSwfxm;onfh tvkyftm;vyf&ufrsm;yg0ifonfh tem;,lcGifhESifh tm;vyfcGifh
cHpm;ydkifcGifh &Sdonf/
tydk'f 25
(1) vlwikd ;f wGif rdrEd iS wYf uG rdr\ d rdom;pkuse;f rma&;ESiw Yf uG ud,k pf w d Ef pS jf zm at;csr;f pGmaexdik Ef ikd af &;
twGuf tpmt[m&? t0wftxnf? aetdr?f aq;0g; tultnDEiS Yf vkt d yfonfh vlrt I axmuftyHrY sm;
yg0ifaom oifaY wmfavsmufywfonfh vlrt I qift Y wef;udk &,lcpH m;cGi&hf o dS nf/ xdjYk yif tvkyv f ufrYJ
jzpfaomtcgüaomfvnf;aumif;? rusef;rrmjzpfaomtcgüaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,ft*FgrpGrf;
roefjzpfaomtcgüaomfvnf;aumif;? rkqkd;rjzpfaomtcgüaomfvnf;aumif;? touft&G,f
tdkrif;aomtcgüaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrdudk,fwdkifurwwfEdkifaomtaMumif;aMumifY 0rf;pm&SmrSD;
Edkifaomenf;vrf; r&Sdaomtcgüaomfvnf;aumif;? aexdkifpm;aomufa&;twGuf vHkNcHKpdwfcs&rI
tcGifYta&;&Sdonf/
(2) om;onfrcd ifrsm;ESiu Yf av;rsm;onf txl;apmifaY &Smufjcif;ESihf tultnDay;jcif;udk &cGi&hf o dS nf/
Oya't& xdr;f jrm;jcif;jzifjY zpfap? tjcm;enf;jzifY jzpfap arG;zGm;aomuav;tm;vH;k onf wlnaD om
vlrIumuG,fapmifYa&Smufa&;udk &,lcHpm;Mu&rnf/
tydk'f 26
(1) vlwdkif;onf ynmoif,lEdkifcGifY&Sdonf? tenf;qHk;rlvwef;ESifY tajccHtqifYtwef;rsm;wGif
ynmoifMum;a&;onf tcrJjY zpf&rnf/ rlvwef;ynmonf roifrae& ynmjzpf&rnf/ pufrv I ufrI
ynmESiYf toufarG;rIynmrsm;udk a,bl,stm;jzifY oifMum;&,lEikd af p&rnf/ xdjYk yif txufwef;
ynmtwGuf t&nftcsif;udk tajccHjyKí wlnDaomtcGifYta&;&&Sdap&rnf/
(2) ynmoifMum;a&;udk vlom;wdkY\p½dkufvu©Pmtjynfht0wdk;wufrItjyif? vlUtcGifYta&;ESifY
tajccHvGwfvyfcGifY ½dkaoav;pm;rIwdkYudk &SifoefzGHUNzdK;vmap&ef&nf&G,fí oifMum;ap&rnf/
ynmoifMum;a&;onf EdkifiHtm;vHk;wdkYwGifvnf;aumif;? vlrsdK;pkrsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;
toif;tzGrYJ sm;wGiv f nf;aumif;? tcsi;f csi;f em;vnfr?I onf;cHrEI iS Yf cifrif&if;ES;D rIwu Ykd dk tm;ay;&rnf/
xdkYjyif Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfwHYatmif aqmif&Guf&ef tvdkYiSg? ukvor*¾\ aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf;
jzpfajrmufatmiftm;ay;&rnf/
(3) rdbwdkYwGif? rdrdwdkY\uav;rsm; oif,l&rnfhynmtrdsK;tpm;ukd a&G;cs,fEdkifaom vufOD;
tcGit Yf a&; &So d nf/
tydk'f 27
(1) vlwikd ;f wGif oufqikd &f m ,Ofaus;rI avmuü vGwv f yfpmG yg0ifaqmif &GuEf ikd cf iG Yf okcrk ynm&yf
rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmvdkufpm;arGUavsmfEdkifcGifY? odyHÜynmxGef;um;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif vGwfvyfpGm
0ifa&mufvyk u f ikd Ef ikd cf iG EYf iS Yf xkyd nm\ tusKd ;tmedoifrsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG cHpm;oH;k pGEJ ikd cf iG hf &So d nf/
(2) vlwdkif;wGif odyHÜrSjzpfap? pmayrSjzpfap? okckrynmrS jzpfap? rdrdudk,fydkifOmPfjzifY BuHpnf
zef;wD;rIrjS zpfxeG ;f vmonfh *kPEf iS aYf iGaMu;tusKd ;tjrwfrsm;udk cHpm;&,lEikd &f ef tcGit Yf a&;twGuf
umuG,rf u I &kd &S&d ef tcGit Yf a&; &So d nf/
tydk'f 28
vlwikd ;f onf þaMunmpmwrf;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh tcGit Yf a&;rsm;ESiYf vGwv f yfciG rYf sm;udk tjynft Y pHk
&,lEdkifaom vlrIqufqHa&;tajctaeESifY tjynfjynfqdkif&mqufqHa&;tajctaewdkY\ tusdK;
aus;Zl;udk cHpm;Edik cf iG hf &So d nf/
tydk'f 29
(1) rdr\ d p½du
k v f u©Pm vGwv f yfpmG zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufEikd o f nfh wpfcw k nf;aomvlt Y odu k tf 0ef;twGuf
vlwikd ;f ü wm0ef&o dS nf/
(2) rdr\ d tcGit Yf a&;rsm;ESihf vGwv f yfciG rYf sm;udo k ;kH pG&J mwGif vlwikd ;f onf tjcm;olrsm;\ tcGit Yf a&;
rsm;ESifhvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKí ½dkaoav;pm;ap&eftvdkYiSmvnf;aumif;? 'Drdkua&pD
usio Yf ;kH aomvlUtzGUJ tpnf;wGif uk, d u f siw Yf &m;tjyif? &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;ESiYf jynfot Yl usKd ;
pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;a&;wdkYtwGuf? w&m;rQwpGm usifYaqmif&eftvdkYiSmvnf;aumif;? Oya'ujyXmef;
xm;onfh csKyfcs,frIrsm;jzifYomuefYowfjcif;cH&rnf/
(3) tqdyk gtcGit Yf a&;rsm;ESiYf vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;udk rnfonft h rIupd wö iG rf Q ukvor*¾\ &nf&, G cf suf
rsm;ESifYvnf;aumif;? tajccHrlrsm;ESifYvn;faumif; qefYusifíroHk;pGJ&/
tydk'f 30
þaMunmpmwrf;yg tcGit Yf a&;ESiw Yf uG vGwv f yfciG rYf sm; ysupf ;D &mysupf ;D aMumif;wdu Yk &kd nf&, G íf ?
EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHtwGuf jzpfap? vlwpfpktwGufjzpfap? vlwpfOD;wpfa,muftwGufjzpfap yg0if
aqmif&Guf&eftcGifY&Sdonf[kaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fwdkifaqmif&Guf&eftcGifY&Sdonf[kaomf
vnf;aumif; t"dyÜg,f ydkif;jcm;aumuf,ljcif; r&Sdap&/
……………………………………….
(vlom;wdik ;f vl@tcGit hf a&;qdo k nfukd od&dS em;vnf oabmayguaf p&ef&nf&, G If azmfjyay;jcif;
jzpfygonf? t,f'Dwm)
STORY BEHIND
Why Do We Have Christmas Trees?
The history behind evergreens, ornaments, and holiday gift giving.
Edwin and Jennifer Woodruff Tait
The evergreen tree was an ancient symbol of life in the midst of winter.
Romans decorated their houses with evergreen branches during the New
Year, and ancient inhabitants of northern Europe cut evergreen trees
and planted them in boxes inside their houses in wintertime. Many early
Christians were hostile to such practices. The second-century theologian
Tertullian condemned those Christians who celebrated the winter festivals,
or decorated their houses with laurel boughs in honor of the emperor:
“Let them over whom the fires of hell are imminent, affix to
their posts, laurels doomed presently to burn: to them the
testimonies of darkness and the omens of their penalties
are suitable. You are a light of the world, and a tree ever
green. If you have renounced temples, make not your own
gate a temple.”
But by the early Middle
Ages, the legend had grown
that when Christ was born
in the dead of winter, every
tree throughout the world
miraculously shook off its ice
and snow and produced new
shoots of green. At the same
time, Christian
missionaries preaching to
Germanic and Slavic
peoples were taking a more
lenient approach to cultural
practices—such as
evergreen trees. These
missionaries believed that
the Incarnation proclaimed
Christ’s lordship over those
natural symbols that had previously been used for the worship of pagan
gods. Not only individual human beings, but cultures, symbols, and
traditions could be converted.
Of course, this did not mean that the worship of pagan gods themselves
was tolerated. According to one legend, the eighth-century missionary
Boniface, after cutting down an oak tree sacred to the pagan god Thor
(and used for human sacrifice), pointed to a nearby fir tree instead as a
symbol of the love and mercy of God.
Paradise trees
Not until the Renaissance are there clear records of trees being used
as a symbol of Christmas—beginning in Latvia in 1510 and Strasbourg in
1521. Legend credits the Protestant reformer Martin Luther with inventing
the Christmas tree, but the story has little historical basis.
The most likely theory is that Christmas trees started with medieval
plays. Dramas depicting biblical themes began as part of the church’s
worship, but by the late Middle Ages, they had become rowdy, imaginative
performances dominated by laypeople and taking place in the open air.
The plays celebrating the Nativity were linked to the story of creation—in
part because Christmas Eve was also considered the feast day of Adam
and Eve. Thus, as part of the play for that day, the Garden of Eden was
symbolized by a “paradise tree” hung with fruit.
These plays were banned in
many places in the 16th century,
and people perhaps began to set
up “paradise trees” in their
homes to compensate for the
public celebration they could no
longer enjoy. The earliest
Christmas trees (or evergreen
branches) used in homes were
referred to as “paradises.” They
were often hung with round
pastry wafers symbolizing the
Eucharist, which developed into
the cookie ornaments decorating
German Christmas trees today.
The custom gained popularity
throughout the 17th and 18th
centuries, against the protests
of some clergy. Lutheran
minister Johann von Dannhauer, for instance, complained (like Tertullian)
that the symbol distracted people from the true evergreen tree, Jesus
Christ. But this did not stop many churches from setting up Christmas
trees inside the sanctuary. Alongside the tree often stood wooden
“pyramids”—stacks of shelves bearing candles, sometimes one for each
family member. Eventually these pyramids of candles were placed on the
tree, the ancestors of our modern Christmas tree lights and ornaments.
Nicholas and Wenceslas

It also took a long time for trees to become associated with presents.
Though legend connects the idea of Christmas gifts with the gifts the
Magi brought Jesus, the real story is more complicated. Like trees, gifts
were first a Roman practice—traded during the winter solstice. As
Epiphany, and later Christmas, replaced the winter solstice as a time of
celebration for Christians, the gift-giving tradition continued for a while.
By late antiquity it had died out, although gifts were still exchanged at
New Year’s.
Gifts were also associated with St. Nicholas, bishop of Myra (in modern-
day Turkey), who became famous for giving gifts to poor children. His feast
day (December 6) thus became another occasion for gift exchanges. During
the early Middle Ages, Christmas gifts most often took the form of tributes
paid to monarchs—although a few rulers used the holiday season as an
opportunity to give to the poor or to the church instead (most notably Duke
Wenceslas of Bohemia, whose story inspired the popular carol, and William
the Conqueror, who chose Christmas 1067 to make a large donation to
the pope).
Like trees, gifts came “inside” the family around the time of Luther,
as the custom of giving gifts to friends and family members developed in
Germany, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia. Often these were given
anonymously, or hidden. One Danish custom was to rewrap a gift many
times with different names on each wrapper, so that the intended recipient
was only discovered when all the layers were opened.
Victorian Christmas
In the English-speaking world, the union of gifts, trees, and Christmas
was due to the influence of Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert,
a native of Saxony (now part of Germany). German immigrants had brought
the custom of Christmas trees with them in the early 1800s, but it spread
widely after Victoria and Albert set up an elaborate tree for their children
at Windsor Castle in 1841. At this point, Christmas presents were usually
hung on the tree itself.
German and Dutch immigrants also brought their traditions of trees
and presents to the New World in the early 1800s. The image of happy
middle-class families exchanging gifts around a tree became a powerful
one for American authors and civic leaders who wished to replace older,
rowdier, and more alcohol-fueled Christmas traditions—such as
wassailing—with a more family-friendly holiday. This family-centered image
was widely popularized by Clement Moore’s 1822 poem, known today as
“’Twas the Night Before Christmas” (which also helped give us our modern
picture of Santa Claus).
As many of us make trees and gifts the center of our own Christmas
practice, we would do well to remember that they are ultimately symbols
of the One who gave himself to unite heaven and earth, and who brings
all barren things to flower.
(Edwin Woodruff Tait is assistant professor of Bible and religion at Huntington
University. Jennifer Woodruff Tait is adjunct professor of church history at
Asbury Theological Seminary).
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omoemAd r mef y xracwf } uD ; ud k ,k ' oef t m; awmifit l a&mufomG ;&efjzpf.? 12 &ufae@ajrmuf
A[kdðyIwnfaqmufcJh&ykHrsm;udk jrifawG@cJh=u&+yD; wGif ‘a¶$usi’f òr@ta&S@jrefrmbk&ift h pd;k &ykid f csKid 0hf rS ;f
jzpfayonf? ,ckESpfjcif;c&pf,mef'kwd,acwf}uD; a'owcko@kd a&muf&v dS monf? ,if;a'o. ta&S@
ukdrl tar&duefESpfjcif;omoemq&mrsm;/ tar bufwiG f awmifwef;}uD;wcku a&S@c&D;udk rquf
&duefESpfjcif;omoemrS cGJxGufvmaom(Aifwef/ Edik &f ef jcm;umxm;avonf? od@k &mwGif arqifEiS hf
bD;csm;)omoemq&mrsm;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;vuf 0dwfwdk@onf qufIóu;yrf;&mawmifwef;xuf
axmufrsm;onf xm;0,f/ armfvòrif/ u&ifjynf qkd;oGm;onfrSm &duQmjywfoGm;jcif;yif jzpfonf/
e,f/ &efuek /f oHw/GJ ykord pf cef;wd@k wGif atmifjrifpmG xdkpOfu jrefrmt&m&Sdrsm;onf vlpdrf;rsm;tm;
xlaxmifcJh=u&mrS a&S@wGif awmifilESifhjynfpcef;rS &dumQ axmufyjhH cif;rðy&ef wif;usypf mG trde@f xkwf
wqifh &wemykH(rE Wav;)aejynfawmfta&muf xm;aoma=umifh 12 &ufc&D;udkayguf+yD;umrS
c&D;ayguf=urnfjzpfayonf?” arqifESifh0dwfwdk@onf ,Gef;Zvif;acsmif;twdkif;
“awmifilESifhjynfonf rsOf;wajy;wnf; jyefvnfqkwfcGgvmcJh=u&onf?”
wGif &S=d uonft h jyif jrefrmbk&ifyidk tf xuf jrefrm “1853 ckESpf pufwifbmv yxrqkH;
EkdifiHESifh +Adwdo#ydkifatmufjrefrmEkdifiHwkd@ qufpyf t}udrfusif;yonfh ESpfjcif;omoemðyq&mrsm;.
aeonfha'ovnf;jzpfayonf? awmifile,fpcef; armfvòriftpnf;ta0;Y a'gufwmarqifonf
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cJ h = uayonf ? awmif i l ò r@onf {&m0wD j rpf E S i f h blrdeufoefjzpfa=umif;udk wifjycJhavonf?”
oHvGifjrpfESpfoG,f.t=um; rkwWryifv,fxJxd “Tod@k jzifh a'guw f marqifonf awmifil
pD;0ifoGm;onfh ppfawmif;jrpf.jrpf0rStxuf rkdif pcef ; opf z G i f h v S p f & ef t cG i f h & +yD ; ES p f y wf t =umY
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“1837 ckESpfuyif a'gufwmarqifESifh usrf;pmtkyfrsm;ESifh u&ifbmom"rRaw;pmtkyf
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óu;pm;cJhbl;=u.? yxrwGif oHvGifjrpfudkqef xGucf o hJ nf? ,ck'w k , d t}udrw f iG f c&D;vrf;a=umif;
wufumoHviG jf rpfxrJ S ‘,Ge;f Zvif;’ acsmif;xJo@dk ukd tenf;i,fajymif;ypfvu dk . f ? yxrY oHviG jf rpf
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f yf
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jzwfI xdrk w S qifh ‘bD;vif;’ acsmif;xJo@dk 0if&efjzpf aom aoewf E S p f v uf u d k twif ; vk , l o G m ;
onf? bDvif;acsmif;xJa&mufv#if ppfawmif;jrpf avonf?”
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qefwufomG ;aomf aemufq;Hk Y awmifiu l adk &muf avS}uD;onf a&ukq d efI ppfawmif;jrpf0rS ;f twkid ;f
zdk@yifjzpfonf? qefwufvm&m a¶$usifòr@odk@a&muf&Sdvmonf?
‘a'guf w marqif ’ awmif i l c &D ; pOf w G i f arqifonf a¶$usifESifhawmifiludk qufoG,fxm;
vrf;c&D;u|rf;usifolESifha'ocHvlrsm;. tultnD aom ppfawmif;jrpfa=umif;ESifh awG@&jrif&aom
onf rsm;pGmta&;ygvS.? txl;ojzifh {&mr awmawmif a &ajrud k o abmusrd u m a¶$ u sif Y
vk;H xGi;f avS}uD;wpif; oHviG jf rpfwiG ;f rS ppfawmif; u&ifomoempcef;wckzGifhvSpfEkdifa&;udk rSef;ar#mf
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r[kwaf y? 'ko H rdrS bD;vif;acsmif;tul;tqufwiG f buf/ ajrmufbufEiS hf awmifbufw@kd wGif u&if¶mG
acsmif;i,fajrmif;i,fawGu twefwef&Sdonf? rsm;&Sdavonf? xkdpOfu arqif.pdwful;onf
‘¶d;k ’awG‘tkid ’f awGuvnf; toD;oD; twm;tqD; r=umrwif r D r S m yif a¶$ u sif Y taumif t xnf
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ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;odk@ ausmfjzwfaeonfha'oonf pcef;udk rpPwm‘za&wef’ESifh rpPwm‘[J&pfpf’
‘rkwWrauG@’ESifhtvSrf;ra0;aom vkH;0ajredrfhykdif; wk@d onfyxrqk;H zGiv hf pS af y;cJ=h uonf? a¶$usipf cef;
vnf;jzpf.? rnfo@kd yifjzpfap/ aemufq;Hk Y oHviG jf rpf .yxrqk H ; aomwk d i f ; &if ; om;vuf a xmuf r S m
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vif;acsmif;rS ppfawmif;aemufbufurf;/ xkdrS
ppfawmif;jrpfxJokd@a&mufoGm;avonf?” vGefcJhaomESpfw&mausmfu
Todk@jzifh ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;twGif;odk@ (auwkrwD)awmifil
a&mufvm+yD;aemuf r=umrDao;i,faom ¶Gmav; “a¶$ u sif ò r@.atmuf b uf ppf a wmif ;
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xd&adS om ausmufe&H rH sm;ukyd if twdik ;f om; awG@& rwfapmufonfESifh jrpf0Srf;uusOf;vmawmhonf?
.? a'guf w marqif E S i f h omoemðytzG J @ onf jrpf0Srf;wckvkH;Y ausmufaqmifawGxlxyfaeaom
ppfawmif;jrpfxJa&mufvmaomfvnf; 0rf;rom a=umifh vkH;xGif;avS.avSxdk;om;rsm;onf owd
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c&D ; onf a wG u d k v nf ; vk , uf w k d u f c d k u f o nf ? apmufjcif;/ ausmufaqmifxx l yfjcif;onf a¶$usif
¶Gmom;awGukdvnf; vk,ufwkdufckduf=uonf? òr@rS awmifila&mufonftxdjzpfavawmhonf?”
“,if;od@k jzifh armfvòrifrx S uG cf gG vmI 19 (waxmif)ESihf òr@.qifajczk;H Y tdraf jc 700 cef@om
&uf t =umwG i f xef ; yif x ef ; vuf a wG = um;rS &Sad vonf? xkpd Ofu òr@ay: Y jrefrm/ &Sr;f / csi;f ESihf
vGecf ahJ omESpaf ygi;f w&mausmu f a&S;a[mif; (au ytkd@vlrsKd;rsm;aexkdif=u+yD; wcsdefwnf;wGif jzwf
wkrwD) awmifiòl r@¶;dk eH&rH sm;udk vSr;f jrif&awmhonf? oG m ;jzwf v maomu&if v l r sKd ; rsm;uk d v nf ; awG @
òr@jywk d @ .obm0twk d i f ; av;axmif h o ¿mef &onf?
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taemufodk@ wrkdifcJG&Snfvsm;onf? òr@¶kd;eH&Honf rsm;teuf pG,fpkH&aomynm&SifwOD;vnf;jzpf
ppfawmif;jrpf.taemufbuf wrdkifuGmY&Sdonf? onf? a'oE &W / rEk\aA'/ bmomaA'/ t&yf&yf
xkdae&mwGif ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;. tus,fonf udk arqifpdwf0ifpm;onf/ avhvmonf/ txl;
ukud af v;&mcef@&So d jzifh &moDra¶G; avS}uD;rsm;yif ojzifh arqifonf udk,fwkdifukd,fus uGif;qif;
oGm;vmEkdifaoma&pl;vnf;&Sdavonf?” aomynm&SifwOD;jzpfI tjcm;aomynm&Sifrsm;
“aemuf q k H ; wnf c J h a om auwk r wD xuf v uf a wG @ us.? txl ; ojzif h arqif o nf
(awmifil)òr@.òr@¶kd;onf tjrifh19 ay&SdI jAuf awmifile,f omoempcef;zGifhvSpfa&;óu;yrf;&mrS
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t0iftxGufwHcg;ayguf ig;ayguf&Sdonf? eH&HESifh tk y f p k u G J r sm;’ta=umif ; ud k atmuf y gtwk d i f ;
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av;wckESifh 207 ay&Sdaom rkcfOD;}uD;wckvnf;&Sd “jrefrmEdik if w H iG f rsK;d wlbmompum; tkypf k
avonf ? Tt&yf T a'owG i f wcsd e f w cgu uJaG ygi;f 125 rsK;d &So d nf? ,if;bmompum; tkypf k
awmif i l r if ; quf r sm; tquf q uf p k d ; pH c J h & m uJrG sm;onf waygi;f wpnf;wnf; aygi;f pnf;raebJ
rif;aejynfawmfyifjzpfayonf?” bmompum;wl o l c sif ; omtwl w uG a e=u.?
“xd k r S ta&S @ buf o d k @ vS r f ; ar#mf = unf h om"utm;jzifh jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;onf òr@¶Gmrsm;ESihf
vdkufaomf n‡Kd@r_dif;aeaom&Srf;¶kd;rawmifwef;/ 'Da&wuf&mt&yfw@kd wGiaf e=u./ tchsKrd mS rGev f rl sKd ;
taemufbufwGif jynfawmifwef;ESifh ¶_ar#mfI rsm;trsm;qk;H aexdik o f nfh yJc;l ESihf armfvòrifw@kd wGif
rqkH;Ekdifaomv,f,mpkdufysKd;xm;aompyg;cif; vnf; aexdkif=u.? rGefvlrsKd;rsm;rSm wcsdefwcgu
rsm;ukd twkdif;om;jrifawG@&avonf? olw@kd aexdik cf &hJ m yJc;l ESiahf rmfvòrifw@kd wGit f rsm;qk;H
Tt&yf T a'oonf &moD O wk r #w a&maESmaexdkif=u.? ,if;wkd@.aemufem;wGif
onf? a&rkd;vnf;jynfhpkHaoma=umifh qefa&pyg;rS ‘yk d ; u&if ’ ES i f h ‘ paumu&if ’ rsm;vnf ; &S d = u.?
tpðyI om;ig;/ [if;oD;[if;¶GufxGuf&Sdaygrsm; txl;ojzifh paumu&ifrsm;onf awmifay:ykid ;f ESihf
onf/ avmufio S nf/ od@k jzpfIyif rif;aejynfawmf awmif = um;csKd i f h 0 S r f ; a'orsm;wG i f trsm;qk H ;
tjzpfwnfcJhjcif;jzpfavonf? aexdkif=u.?
od k @ &mwG i f arqif E S i f h omoemðytzG J @ Todk@jzifh awmifilta&S@bufa'oonf
awmifilodk@a&muf&SdoGm;csdef/ ppf+yD;pumvwGifrl ykd;u&ifESifhpaumu&ifwkd@aexdkif&ma'ojzpfvm
vlqkd;"g;jyrsm; aomif;usef;vSayonf? onf? ,if;wk@d aemuf&v dS rl sK;d tkypf w
k ckrmS ytk@d vlrsK;d
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awmif i l ò r@ay:rS m yif r ae&J a oma=umif h pG e f @ cG g ac:onf? ,if; ytdk@ (ac: )awmifolrsm;onf ydk;
oGm;=uonf? arqifESifh omoemðytzGJ@ a&muf u&ifrsm;ESifhqufpyfI armfvòrifESifhrkwWra'o
oG m ;csd e f w G i f awmif i l ò r@wG i f ; Y td r f a jc 1000 wdk@wGifaexkdif=u.? olwkd@.bmompum;rSm ydk;
u&ifrsm;ESifhtajrmuftjrm;yifwl=u.? olwkd@. cJhonf? u&ifrsKd;wltkyfpkuGJrsm;udk arqifavhvm
qif,ifxkH;zJG@r_wGif tjym&ifha&mifabmif;bDESifh &mY xyfrHI wtHhw=ojzpf&onfrSm ‘ykd;’ESifh
&ifaphtusôukd0wfqif=uojzifh &Srf;ESifhvnf;wl/ ‘paum’tkyfpk}uD;ESpfcktwGif;Y bmompum;
w¶kwfESifhvnf;wlavonf? v,f,mvkyfudkifjcif; t&mwGif odoo d mom}uD;jcm;em;aejcif;jzpfonf?
tjyif txrf;jzifv h nf; aps;a&mif;aps;0,fvyk u f ikd f xdEk pS f 'DZifbmvwGif ‘apmuGmvm’onf arqif
pm;aomuf=u.? od@k &mwGif arqifonf awmifil &Sd&mawmifilokd@ a&muf&Sdvmonf?”
teD;csKyfpwGif xkdpOfuytkd@¶Gm[lI wpf¶GmrSyif “rsKd;wltkyfpkuGJ 125 rsKd;udk a'gufwm
rawG@cJ&h ay? arqifu pwifawG@&Sdwmudk;”
“awmifit l aemuf&dS awmifwef;}uD;onf
awmifilc¶dkifESifh jynfc¶kdifwdk@udkcJGjcm;ay;xm;./ apmuGmvm\pGrf;aqmifrI
xkdawmifay:a'owav#mufwGifaexkdif=uolrsm; “1854 ck E S p f awmif i l p cef ; opf z G i f h + yD ;
rsm;rSm paumu&ifrsm;omjzpf=uonf? awmifi. l wESpft=umwGif a'gufwmarqif.usef;rma&;
ta&S@awmifbufjcrf;Y u&iftpk0if zdk;cGg;(ac: ) tajctaeonf ykI d qk;d vmonf? rjzpfrae tar&d
armfaeyGg;u&ifrsm;aexkdif=uonf? ,if;wkd@onf um;jyef + yD ; / aq;0g;uk o &rnf j zpf I awmif i l
paumu&ifrsm;ESifheD;eD;pyfpyfaexdkifaomfvnf; omoempcef;.wm0eft&yf&yfukd arqifonf
olwkd@ajymqkdonfhpum;xJwGif ydk;u&ifpum;rsm; ‘apmuGmvm’tm;vJt $ yfavonf? arqifEiS ahf pm
tenf;i,fyg&adS eonfuadk wG@&aoma=umifh arqif uGmvmwkd@onf xm;0,fpcef;uyif q&m&if;
tzd@k tH=h ordavonf?” wynf&h if;rsm;jzpf=u.? apmuGmvmonf awmifil
a'gufwmarqifonf olukd,fwkdif acgif; e,f&udS &ifvOl ;D a&rsm;jym;r_ut dk a=umif;ðyI ol.
aqmifI azmfjyyg ‘armfaeyGg;’u&ifrsm;aexdik o f nfh vufaxmufrsm;tjzpf u&ifq&mok;H OD;ukd a¶G;cs,f
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wdk@.ajrmufbufwGif ‘yul;’u&ifrsm;xkdif=u.? ‘apmyG,fayg’wdk@jzpf=u.? apmyD;ayg.wm0efrSm
yul ; u&if w k d @ .qif , if x k H ; zJ G @ r_ r S m tjcm;aom paumu&if r sm;twG i f ; apmuG m vm. vuf
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reD;ra0;&Sd ‘aomufa&cuf’acsmif;onf ppfawmif; apmyG,faygwdk@rSm ‘bJG@u&if’ESifh‘yul;u&if’rsm;
jrpfxJodk@pD;0if.? awmifil.ajrmufbufwGif&Sd./ twGufwm0ef,l&efjzpf+yD;/ apmuGmvm ukd,fwkdif
,if;a'ow0ku d w
f iG f yul;u&ifEiS hf armfaeyGg;u&if rSm ‘armfaeyGg;’rsm;twGif; wm0ef,lavonf?”
rsm;aexk d i f = u.? ,if ; aomuf a &cuf a csmif ; . “apmuG m vmonf omref x m;0,f
ajrmufbufa'owGiu f m; u&ifrsK;d wltyk pf u k rJG sm; awmifwef;ae u&ifvli,fwpfOD;b0rS a'gufwm
aexkdif=uonfhteuf ‘bGJ@u&if’rsm;rSm wpfpk arqifZeD;armifE. HS taxmuftyHjh zifh zH@G òz;wk;d wuf
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arqifonf xm;0,fpcef;ESifharmfvòrifpcef;wGif w&m;ukd t+rJwrf;azmfxkwfatmufarh.? ,ck
aepOfu vkH;0yifrodcJh&&Smay.? arqifZeD;armifESHaq;0g;jyefvnfukopOf/ vdktyf
“aemufrsm;r=umrD Tu&ifrsKd;wltkyfpk aomwm0efukd olrwlatmifyifxrf;aqmifonf?
uG J r sm;onf awmif i l & S d o moemðya*[mod k @ apmuG m vmonf a tmuf y gtwd k i f ; arqif Z eD ;
toD;oD;a&muf&v dS m=uonf? armfaeyGg;u&ifrsm; armifESHtm; rSwfwrf;wifxm;avonf?”
udrk al rqifonf ol@tdrrf mS yif ESpjf cif;r*Fvmay;Ekid f “bk&m;ocifonf u|Eyfk w f @kd ESihf twl&adS e
+yD;/ twlwuGtvkyfvkyfaeyg+yD?/ jrpfacsmif;teD;rS ukoaecku d f vSywifw h ,faeaomc&pf,mef aus;
om;orD;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ awmawmifawG ¶Gmopfrsm;ukd twkdif;om;jrifae&awmhonf? T
twGi;f &So d m;orD;rsm;udv k nf;aumif;/ tod^m%f wGifarqifonf cHpm;r_rsm;jzifh atmufygtwkdif;
ES i f h t vif ; a&mif a y;cJ h o jzif h / u|Ek f y f . vuf j zif h ajymvdkufavonf?”
ESpfjcif;r*Fvmudk w¶Gm+yD;w¶Gm/ wae&m+yD;wae “,cktcg abmfpwef&Sdomoemðybkwf
&may;cJ&h yg+yD/ olw@kd vnf; c&pf,mefrsm;jzpfc=hJ uyg+yD/ tzG@J onf ‘a'0gv’D cH&+yD;/ aiGa=u;raxmufyEhH idk b f J
od@k &mwGif OD;pGmyxrrsK;d aphucdk sI c&pf,mef&iS o f ef &Sdv#ifvnf;&Sdygap/ jrefrmEdkifiHa&muf EdkifiHjcm;
apolrSm q&marqif(a'gufwmarqif)ESifh rr omoemðyq&mrsm; jrefrmjynfu jyefoGm;v#if
arqifw@kd yifjzpf=uygonf? u|Eyfk . f vufjzifh ESpjf cif; vnf ; jyef o G m ;ygap/ u|Ek f y f t aeES i f h ,ck t cg
r*Fvmay;cJh&ol c&pf,mefwynfhtaygif;wdk@onf aumif;pGmoabmaygufem;vnfygonf? u|Ekfyfwdk@
awmif o l o moema*[m&S d q&mES i f h r rwd k @ xH .tultnD taxmuftyHrh ygbv J nf; jrefrmjynf
oG m ;a&muf a wG @ qk H = uvsuf c&pf , mef a 'oem qdkif&mESpfjcif;c&pf,mefomoemwkd;wufr_vkyfief;
‘{0Ha*vdw&m;awmf’ (Evangelists)udkem=um;cJh onf quf v uf I yif w k d ; wuf & S i f o ef a eOD ; rnf
=u.? q&mESifhrrwdk@.tqkH;trjzifhtnD t&uf jzpfygonf?”
aopmaomufpm;jcif;/ ewfu;kd uG,jf cif; tr_w@dk udk “txl ; ojzif h awmif i l e ,f o moem
vnf;pGef@v$wfcJh=u+yD?” zG H @ òz;a&;pG r f ; aqmif r _ t wG u f a pmuG m vmtm;
“apmuGmvmonf awmifiltoif;awmf tar&duefq&mrsm;u axmremðyonfhenf;wl/
odk@ a&muf&Sdvm+yD; yxr2ESpfumvtwGif;Yyif xkdpOfu yxrqkH;yJcl;wkdif;rif;}uD;jzpfol ‘ar*sm
toif;awmfaygi;f 28 oif;udzk @GJ pnf;I u&iftrsK;d tmomz,f,m’uvnf; csD;usL;axmremðy¶kHr#
om; 1880 OD;wdk@tm; ESpfjcif;r*FvmcsD;jr‡ifhay; ru tpdk;&tkyfcsKyfa&;&mxl;,lI wvv#if usyf
Ekid cf .hJ ? wkad wmif;aomumvtwGi;f Y Ta¶G@Tr# 25 rS usyf 30 txd , l & ef u rf ; vS r f ; cJ h a o;.?
atmifjrifr_&&Sdjcif;rSm apmuGmvmonf ae@ae@ xd k p Of u omoemðytzJ G @ u apmuG m vmtm;
nn awmif a y:ES i f h a wmif a tmuf pk e f q ef I axmufyHhonfhaiGrSm ‘ig;’usyfjzpfavonf?”
oGm;vmaejcif;onfvnf; ta=umif;wpfck jzpf “wkdif;&if;om;vufaxmufwpfOD;tae
avonf? ,if;okd@ a'gufwmarqifr&SdckdufwGif ES i f h apmuG m vm.omoemðytawG @ t}uKH r S m
armf v òrif p cef ; rS rpP w m‘0S p f w d w f u m;’onf +rdwfpcef;ESifhxm;0,fpcef;/ a&;ESifharmfvòrifpcef;/
apmuGmvmudv k mIulno D nf? od@k &mwGif rpPwm rkwWr-ppfawmif;/ a¶$usifESifhawmifil/ &efukefrS
wd w f u m;onf awmif i l p cef ; Y wES p f o maecJ h "EkjzL/ [oFmwESifhjynf/ ykodrfrSoHwJG/ &rf;+AJESifh
onf?” ppfawG tp&Sad omjrefrmòr@¶Gmrsm;/ rGeaf us;¶Gmrsm;/
“1857 ckEpS af &mufv#if arqifZeD;armifEHS ytd@k Zeyk'u f av;rsm;/ csi;f wJuav;rsm;/ &Sr;f Z&yf
onf tar&dum;aq;uko&mrS jyefvnfa&muf&Sd rsm;/ qvkHavStdrfuav;rsm;/ ydk;u&ifvGifjyif/
vmonf? arqif.use;f rma&;rSmvnf; odoo d m armfaeyGg;wkd@.xef;awmpkuav;rsm;/ yul;awmif
omyif aumif;rGefwkd;wufvmonf?” =um;/ paumu&ifawmifwef;ESifh bGJ@u&ifwdk@.
“Todk@jzifh arqifonf tjrifhqkH;aom awmif w ef ; rsm;tygt0if ES p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m
awmifxdyfwckay:odk@wufoGm;onf? xkdrS t&yf pkefqeful;vl;IoGm;a&mufcJholyifjzpfonf?”
av;rsuf E S m od k @ ol v S r f ; ar#mf = unf h v k d u f o nf ?
olw@dk ZeD;armifEHS tar&dum;od@k aq;0g;oGm;a&muf qufvufazmfjyygrnf?

Communication Bulletin: Myanmar Christian Communication Services

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Communication Bulletin: Myanmar Christian Communication Services

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Established since April 2000

3? td/k odrif ,faomAufvifòr@/ (Julia Thang) ? 14

5? tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit

6? Why Do We Have Christmas Trees (Rev. Dr. Chin Khua Khai) ? 22

7? ,k'oefEiS jhf refrma&$jynf/ (armifpif=u,f) ? 24

"rR'geyg0ifvLS 'ge;f vdo

Tpmapmifjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tzufzufrS yg0iftm;ay;=uaom/ oifq&m/

Nicholas and Wenceslas

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