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1/ CTTQ no di y l CT ca ancol no, n chc mch h ? A . CnH2n+1OH B . CnH2nO C . CnH2n+2Ox D . CnH2n+2-x(OH)x 2/ C4H10O c s ng phn ancol l: A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7
Th nhm OH
H Na
+
H Na
2 CH3- CH2- OH + 2 Na
Th nghim
C2H5ONa + 1/2 H2
C2H5OH + NaOH
ROH + Na
R(OH)n + n Na
RONa + 1/2 H2
R (ONa )n + n/2 H2
CH2
OH O OH
Cu
OH + H
CH2 CH CH2
CH2 CH CH2
OH O OH Cu
HO O HO
CH
O HO
CH2
2C3H5(OH)3+Cu(OH)2
[C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + 2H2
ng(II) glixerat, mu xanh
2. Phn ng th nhm OH
a. Phn ng vi axit v c :
C2H5 OH + H Br
TQ
CnH2n+1OH + HX
ROH + HOR
R1 - O -R1 + H2O R2 O - R2 + H2 O H2 O
R1 - O - R2 +
3. Phn ng tch nc
VD: CH2 CH2
H OH
H2SO4 CnH2n oC 170 H2SO4,1700C H2SO4,1700C
TQ: CnH2n+1OH
H3C CH CH2 CH3 OH
+ H2O (n2)
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2O ph sp *Quy tc tch Zaixep: Nhm OH u tin tch ra cng vi H C bn cnh bc cao hn to thnh lin kt i C=C NX: -1 ancol tch nc anken ancol no, n chc (n2). Msp < Mancol (dsp/ancol < 1)
4. Phn ng oxi ha : Th nghim a. Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton : I CH3 CH O H + CuO H CH3 CHII CH3 +CuO OH CH3 III CH3 C CH3 + CuO to to CH3 CH = O + Cu + H2O Anehit axetic CH3 C CH3 O Axeton to Khng c phn ng + Cu + H2 O
OH
* NX: - Oxi ha khng hon ton ancol bc I to anehit - Oxi ha khng hon ton ancol bc II to xeton - Ancol bc III khng b oxi ho (bi CuO, to)
to nCO + (n+1)H O 2 2
NX: Khi t chy hon ton ancol no, n chc: - nH2O > nCO2 - nCnH2n+1OH = nH2O - nCO2 - nO2 p = 1,5nCO2
CNG C Phn ng th H ca nhm OH Ancol Phn ng th nhm OH Phn ng tch nc Phn ng oxiho
GII CH
1
A N K E N T H H I R O T A C H N C O X I
2
3 4 5 6
G L I
N H N B I T H A H O N T O N X E R O L
4)1) Khi Cu(OH)2 . Ancoltchancol vi 2) ymt ancol no, n unCnH2n+1chc 3) Dng l tn ca phn ng nng nc p khi chc n OH 5) Cc cht ca CH2OH-CHOH-CH2ny. 6) Tn gi hu c u 2H5phn ng OH ETANOL (C c OH) cc c Mspa Mtc 2), Hviphm l g? nhau. Cancol OH ancoldng 2nhm -OH 170oC. (n th sn Na. nH2n+1 < chc c cc SO4 c, cnh
(1)
(3) (4) (5)
(6)
(7) (8) (9)
C2H5Cl C6H12O6
C2H5OH
(7) (2)26555 OH6+ n 2 170 (3) C2C5Cl H5NaOH(l) 170 (9) C22H2OH1210OH2Na C2 C H5 H2 2+ 4CuO 2 C5 + 5 2
0
enzim t0 t0 + H2SO4 H, to Xt, t0 (6) C HH C H+ HH+O H O C H OH H+ 2CO O 2C CH H O OC + H H C OH H O H OH O (8) (5)C(CHOH +)HClnH2SO4 2C C H ClnC ++ NaOH (4) (1) OH O O 0 (5) ONa