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language. This running against the walls of our cage is perfectly, absolutely
hopeless. Ethics so far as it springs from the desire to say something about
the ultimate meaning of life, the absolute good, the absolute valuable, can be
no science. What it says does not add to our knowledge in any sense. But it
is a document of a tendency in the human mind which I personally cannot
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By response we mean anything the animal does such as turning toward or away from a
light, jumping at a sound, and more highly organized activities such as building a
(skyscraper, drawing plans, having babies, writing books, and the like. (1930, p.6
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behaviour towards other human beings; and our language is but an auxiliary to and
extension of this behavior. I mean: our language is an extension of the more primitive
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If one of a pair of a chimpanzees once scratched the figure | - - | in the
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have given a rule nor would the other be following it, whatever else went on
.the same time in the mind of the two of them
If however there were observed, e.g., the phenomenon of a kind of
instruction, of shewing how and of imitation, of lucky and misfiring
attempts, of reward and punishment and the like; if at length the one who
had been so trained put figures which he had never seen before one after
another in sequence as in the first example, then we should probably say that
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The justification for the proposition 25 X 25 = 625 is, naturally, that if
anyone has been trained in such-and-such a way, then under normal
circumstances he gets 625 as the result of multiplying 25 by 25. (RFM VI.
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44
Remarks on the Foundations of
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But the arithmetical proposition does not assert that. It is so to speak an
empirical proposition hardened into a rule. It stipulates that the rule has
been followed only when that is the result of the multiplication. It is thus
withdrawn from being checked by experience, but now serves as a
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Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Essay on the origin of languages and writings related to music. John t. 18
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emotion requires people who throw themselves actively into what is
becoming, to which they themselves belong. It will not tolerate a dog's life
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Fundamental to this more critical project is the distinction which Bloch makes between
abstract and concrete utopia. Abstract utopia is fantastic and compensatory. It is wishful
thinking, but the wish is not accompanied by a will to change anything. In the daydreams, it
often involves not so much a transformed future as a future where the world remains as it is
][except for the dreamer's changed place in it perhaps by a large win in the lottery
Concrete utopia, on the other hand, is anticipatory rather than compensatory. It reaches
][forward to a real possible future, and involves not merely wishful but willful thinking
Concrete utopia embodies what Bloch claims as the essential utopian function, that of
simultaneously anticipating and effecting the future[] While abstract utopia may express
.(desire, only concrete utopia carries hope. (1997, p.67

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.1987' .20 :
Levi, Z. "Utopia and Reality in the Philosophy of Ernst Bloch". In: J.O.Daniel & T.Moylan (Eds) Not
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The subjective factor is the unenclosed potency to turn things here, the objective factor is the " 46
.unenclosed potentiality of the turnability". Ibid. p. 247

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57
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