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pHkprf;a&;tzGJ@ESifhapmfbGm;rsm;
1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (3)&ufae@ yxrt}udrfjynfe,f OUXa&$;&mwGif OD;xGef;jrifh (vif;ac;)onfa&$;cs,f
wifajrmufjcif;cH&+yD; &Srf;jynfe,f (3) e,fESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfajymif;vJa&;twGuf pHkprf;a&;tzGJ@ukd zGJ@pnf;Iatmuf
ygtcsuf (5) csufukd csrw S fcJh=uonf?
OD;xGef;jrifh(vif;ac;) jynfe,f OUX rSa=ujimcsuf rsm;xkwfjyef+yD;aemuf (1948) ckESpf rwfv wGif awmif}uD;
+rdK@Y tpnf;ta0;usif;y+yD; anmifa&$+rdK@ ESifh rdkif;udkif+rdK@wdk@wGif OD;xGef;jrifh (vif;ac;) acgif;aqmifI &Srf;jynfpHkprf;a&;t
zGJ@wdk@onf apmfbGm;wdk@. uef@uGufr_udkcH&um (&yv)tzGJ@ tygt0if apmfbGm;rsm;udkqef@usif=uaom tzGJ@rsm;udkapmf
bGm;rsm;. &efoltjzpf owfrSwfa=umif; / (&yv) tzGJ@ysufpD;a&;twGuf wdkufxkwf&rnfqdkonfhta=umif;udk rwfv
(30)&ufae@ tpnf;ta0;wGif apmfbGm;rsm;u csrSwfcJhonf?
(1948) ckESpf rwfv(31) &ufae@ rdkif;udkif+rdK@wGif usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif OD;xGef;jrifh (vif;ac;) rS xkwf
jyefcJhaom rl (5) csufudk apmfbGm;rsm;vHk;0oabmrwlonfhta=umif;(&vy)tzGJ@0ifrsm;udk oma&;ema&;rsm;wGif vHk;
0rul&a=umif; (&yv) tzGJ@udkulnDaom bkef;}uD;ausmif;udkvnf;vHk;0rudk;uG,f&a=umif;touf(18)ESpfjynfholwdkif;
apmfbGm;tzGJ@xJ0if&rnfjzpfa=umif; r0ifv#if jypf'%fay; ta&;,lrnfjzpfa=umif; wifjycJh=uonf ? apmfbGm;rsm;.
ajcmufvef@r_a=umifh pHkprf;a&;tzGJ@ (9)a,mufwGif yg0ifaom OD;jzL (ytdk0f;)/ p0fcGefyef;pdef (yavmif)ESifh 'l;0g;aZmfbwdk@
toD;oD;E_wfxGufcJh=uonf? OD;xGef;jrifh (vif;ac;)acgif;aqmifaom pHkprf;a&;tzGJ@onf ya'o&mZfpepfqef@usif&eft
wGufv_H@aqmfay;cJhonfomru &Srf;jynf&Sd jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;tm;EdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;r_ rsdK;aphcsay;cJhonf?
ya'o&mZfpepfqdk;rsm;
awmifwef;a'o wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;onf vkyftm;crsm; q,fyHk oHk;yHkudktcGefawmfaqmif&onf vltdkcGef/
vlysdKcGeftysdKcGef/tvkyform;cGef/tdrfcGef/+cHcGef/v,f,mcGef rsm;omru vdaRmfoD;/ydMJoD;/oabFmoD;/o&ufoD;tcGefrsm;
ygaqmif&onf?apmfbGm;om;orD;rsm; r*Fvmaqmifv#if wpftdrfwpfusyfE_ef;ustcGefay;aqmif&onf?ya'o&mZf
apmfbmG ;rsm;ydik qf ikd faom ajr,mrsm;wGif vlvkyftm;yPnf;vkyftm;tjrJvkyfaqmifay;&onf?&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;wygwf
v#if wpf}udrf vlysdK (& )a,muf /tysdK (&)a,muf apmfbGm; om;orD;aqGrsdK;rsm;. t0wftpm;rsm;udk av#mfzGwfay;
&+yD; xrif;[if; csuf&jcif; tdrfrsm;wGifoef@&Sif;a&;vkyfay;&onf?apmfbGm;tcsif;csif; wdkufcdkuf&v#ifvnf; tdrfajc
(10) tdrfv#if wpfOD;uspDoGm;&onf?apmfbGm;rsm;&yf&Gmodk@vnfywfaomtcg &kyf&nfvSyaom tysdKrsm;tm;jrifawG@
ygu csufcsif;twif;t"Rodrf;ydkufonf? apmfbGm;tcsdK@onf rdzk&m;aygif;ta,muf (40/ 50 )ausmf&Sd+yD;vJcsm;
apmfbGm; onf rdzk&m; (33 ) a,muf&Sdonf?
ynma&;zufwGif oDayg+rdK@/ erfhcrf;+rdK@ESifh awmif}uD;+rdK@wGif tar&duefydkif c&pf,mefpmoifausmif; oHk;ausmif;
&Sdonf? xdkausmif;odk@ apmfbGm;trsdK;tEG,frsm; wufa&mufoif=um;cGifh&Sd+yD;jynfolvlxkvlwef;pm;tv$maygif;pHkrS
aygufzGg;vmonfhom;orD;rsm;ynmoif=um;wufa&mufcGifhr&Sdyg oU&mZf (1923-24)ckESpfwGif &Srf;jynfwjynfvHk;Y
txufwef;ausmif;ESifh tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm; (19)ausmif;&Sdonf rlvwef;ausmif;rSm (10) ausmif;om&Sdonf?
ausmif;om;OD;aygif;(3000)ausmf&Sdonf? usef;rma&;zufwGif apmfbGm;rsm;onf aq;&kHaq;ay;cef; usef;rma&;Xmersm;
aqmufvkyfay;jcif;r&Sdaoma=umifh &Srf;jynfwpfjynfvHk; arG;zGm;r_ (50)&mcdkifE_ef;aoqHk;cJh=u&onf? ya'o&mZfpepf
qdk;arG cHpm;r_rsm;a=umifhawmifwef;'owGif&Sdaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tm;vHk; ynma&;ESifhA[kokwrsm;enf;yg;+yD;
acwfaemufus usefcJhonf?
jynfrydkif;wGif rsdK;cspfpdwfrsm;&Sifoefxufjrufaecsdewf Gif awmifwef;a'owdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;onf bdef;pm;
uaZmfaomuf/ t&ufaomuf/ avmif;upm;rsm;jzifh tcsdefukefchJ=u&onf awmif;wef;a'owdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.
xdktcsdef wpf&uf0ifaiGrSm ajcmufyJE_ef;omjzpfonf ? bkef;}uD;jyefyGJ/ ESpfpOfbk&m;yGJawmfrsm;wGif ydu k uf sL;/ av;avmif
*sif/ukH;uif;/ oHk;q,fajcmufaumif paomavmif;upm;enf;rsdK;qHkudk uaBmZwdkif;ac: &Srf;jynfe,fwpfckvHk; ysH@ESH@pGm
usif;yjyKvkyfcJ=h uonf? xdka=umifh ytdk0f;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh tjcm;aomwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;wdk@onf avmif;upm;r_
wGif epfjrKyfIvlaer_b0tqifhtwef; wdk;wufr_vHk;0r&SdcJyh g?
ya'o&mZfpepfudk awmfvSefjcif;
&Srf;jynfe,fwGif vlOD;a& 'kwd,trsm;qHk;rSm ytdk0f;vlrsdK;rsm;yifjzpfonf? ytdk0f;vlrsdK;trsm;pkrSm oeyfzuf+cHrsm;
om pdkufysdK;vkyfudkifchJ=uonf? oeyfzuftyifwpfyifwGif tcGefawmfwpfyJay;aqmif&onf? oeyfzufyiftyifaygif;
oHk;axmif&Sdv#if tcGefawmfwpfaxmif&Spf&mcGefq,fig;usyf ay;aqmif&jcif;a=umifh wpfESpfv#ifvkyftm;cESifh0ifaiGrSm
nDr#r_r&Sdyg?
xdka=umifh oHk;qGJ&efaiGa=u;rsm; vHkavmufr_r&Sdojzifh tcGefawmfrsm;ray;aqmif=u&ef pka0;wdkifyif=u+yD; ya'o&mZf
pepfudkqef@usifawmfvSef=u&ef oabmwlwdkufyJ0G if=uonf? xdka=umifh ya'o&mZfapmfbGm;rsm;. vufudkifwkwfrsm;
onf ya'o&mZfqef@usifawmfvSefolrsm;udk ESdyfpufowfjzwf+yD; rdef;rom;rsm;udkvnf; apmfum;zsufqD;onf oeyf
zuf+cHrsm;udkvnf;rD;&–d@zsufqD;=uonf? yifvHke,fwGif&Sd a[G;[Grf;&Gmudk apmfbGm;vufudkifwkwf&Jrsm;u rD;&–d@zsufqD;
=uI jzm;wfaumifcJOD;aqmifaom ya'o&mZfawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@rsm;onf (1949) ckESpfwGif yxrOD;qHk; ay:xGufvmchJ
jcif;jzpfonf? vG,fyGwf&Gmta&Shzuf xDwaumif&GmwGif ytdk0f;trsdK;om;v$wfajrmufa&;tzGJ@udk ya'o&mZfpepfrsm;
awmfvSef&eftwGuf (1949) ckESpf/'DZifbmv(11)&ufae@wGif zGJ@pnf;avonf? jzm;AGmOD;vSazrSm EdkifiHa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyf
a&;zufwGif wm0ef,l+yD; ppfa&;zufwGifjzm;AdkvfwHkonf wm0ef,lonf? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm-
1? ya'o&mZfpepfwdkufzsufa&;
2? ppfrSefaom ytdk0f;jynfe,f a'o&&Sda&;
3? bdef; rl;,pfaq;0g; avmif;upm;rsm; yaysmufa&;
4? ynma&;/ usef;rma&;/ vlr_a&;/ pD;yGg;a&;rsm; wdk;wufjrSifhrm;apa&; wdk@jzpfonf ?
ya'o&mZfpepfawmfvSefa&;a=umifh vdGKifaumf/ bef;,Of/ aemifrGef/ erfhckwf/ [dkyHk;/ rdkif;yGef/ yifvHk/ vJcsm;/ pHum;
anmifa&$/ &GmiHpaom apmfbGm;ydkife,fajrrsm;rS vlxkrsm;onf apmfbGm;a[mfrsm;udk rD;&–d@zsufqD;chJavonf? ya'o
&mZfawmfvSefa&;wGif &Srf;/ "Ek/ tif;om;rsm;onfvJ ‘ytrz’ ESifhtwlyg0ifI q&m!Gef@/ Adkvf+rdKif(,ck wdkif;jynfem,m
u OD;aqmifaom tif;om;v$wfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ ) onfvJtwl wdkufyGJqiffEGJcJhavonf?
apmfbGm;rsm;vufrSwfa&;xdk;ay;cJh=u+yD; (1959) ckESpf {+yDv(27) &ufae@wGif &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDrS {+yDv(29)
&ufae@wGif &Srfjynfe,f jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;udk csrSwfay;cJhavonf? &Srf;jynfe,f jynfolrsm;tkyfcsKyfa&;udk csrSwfay;
cJh&mwGifEdkifiHawmforRw OD;0if;armif 0ef}uD;csKyf Adkvfae0if; ESifh &Srf;jynfe,f OUX p0f[Hkz wufa&muftm;ay;cJh=u
onf? ya'o&mZfpepfysufjy,fap&eftwGuf awmfvSefa&; tzJG@tpnf;ESifh qef@usifa&;tzJ@G rsm;rSm-
1? 1929 ckESpf - jzm;wefausmif;wd,Hk (aumifc,f;) awmfvSefa&;tzGJ@
2? 1946 ? - (&Srf;jynfvGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@)(& -y -v)
3? 1946 ? - *E<rmq&mawmf OD;aqmifaom ('kp&dkufyaysmufa&;tzGJ@)
4? 1947 ? - zGJ@pnf;cJhaom (ytdk0f;trsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk;) ytdk0f;vd_if;Al;
5? 1948 ? ? (pHkprf;a&;aumfr&SiftzGJ@)
6? 1949 ? ? (ytdk0f;trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@)
7? 1950 ? ? (jynfaxmifpk ytdk0f;trsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf)
8? 1950 ? ? (&Srf;jynf jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@)
9? 1950 ? ? (tif;av;nD!Gwfa&;toif;) (UIA) tzGJ@
10? 1950 ? ? (&Srf;jynfawmifwef;om;rsm;pnf;vH;k nD!w G af &;tzGJ@) (& w p n z)
12? 1950 ? ? (&SrfjynfvHk;qdkif&m awmifolv,form;tpnf;t&Hk;) (& w v z)
rSwfcsuf ? ? awmifwef;om; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (wpnz)onf apmfbGm;rsm;. tusdK;pD;yGm;rsm;
twGufzGJ@pnf;jcif; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; OD;ba&$ OD;aqmifaom&Srf;jynfvHk;qdkif&mtzGJ@csKyf(&yvz)onf apmfbGm;rsm;zuf
ta&;,lumuG,fay;aoma=umifhjyefvnf+ydKuGJoGm;jcif; &Srf;jynfe,f jynfolrsm;tkyfcsKyfa&;udk wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf
(1959)ckESpf/ {+yDv(24)&ufae@wGif apmfbGm;rsm;tm;vHk;onf rdrdwdk@ydkife,fajrrsm;udk &Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&xHodk@ tyfESH+yD;
oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=uonf?
apmfbGm;rsm; (33)a,mufwGif (29)a,mufrmS vufrw S fa&;xd;k ay;cJh=uonf?
1? odEMD ajrmufbuf ppfzvHk owdk;r[mpnfol p0fzmvHk
2? usdKif;wHk ? p0fpdkif;vHk
3? rdk;rdwf ? p0fcGefcsdK
4? rdk;eJ ? oa&pnfol p0fjynf@
5? awmifydkif ? r[moa&pnfol p0fyef;pdef
6? pHum; ? r[moa&pnfol p0fcGef=unf
7? omrdkif;cef; ? r[moa&pnfol p0fxGef;at;
8? rdkif;udkif ? p0f=unf
9? odMDawmifydkif; ? p0f[Hkz
10? vJcsm; ? oa&pnfol p0fEGH
11? &yfapmuf ? p0fcGefqm
12? rdkif;yef ? oD&dysHcsD p0fa&$rH_
13? vG,fvHk yifavmif; ? ? p0frdk;ausmf
14? abmfe,f ? ? p0fcGefarmif
15? rdkif;yGef ? ppfaq;[kH
16? aus;oD;refpH ? oa&pnfol p0fa&$z
17? rdkif;&SL; ? 0Àausmfxif p0frefz
18? rdkif;aemif ? p0ftHkarmif
19? puG,f ? p0fcGef!Gef@
20? bef;,Of ? p0fcGef!Gef@
21? usLH; ? p0fcGefaomif;
22? &GmiH ? p0fcGef&D
23? yif;w, ? p0f0if;=unf
24? ayG;vS ? p0fxGef;pdef
25? yifrD usrdkif; p0fcGefOD;
26? erf@ckwf/ aemifrGef p0fzvHk p0fvGef;tHk
27? oxHk/ qDqdkif ? p0fatmifjrifh udk,fpm; a':at;oef@
28? armufr,f usrdkif; p0fxGef;z udk,fpm; p0fAdkvfcrf;
29? [dkyHk; ? p0fcGeftdk; udk,fpm; emif;a&$O
anmifa&$ apmfbGm;ESifhoDaygapmfbGm;onf aemufw&ufwGif vma&mufvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=u+yD; udk;uef@apmf
bGm; ESifhrdkif;vGef;apmfbGm; wdk@rSm vufrSwfxdk;jcif; r&SdcJh=uay? ya'o&mZfpepfonf ,ae@tcsdefcgwGif &Srf;jynfawmif
wef;a'owdk@wGif uG,faysmuf ysufokef;oGm;cJhaomfvnf; wcsdK@aomae&mrsm;wGif jyefvnf&Sifoef&ef OD;wnfr_rsm;&Sd
vmI rdrdwdk@ tm;vHk;onf xdkpepfqdk;xyfrHray:ayguf&eftwGuf awmfveS fa&;owd t+rJ&Sdae=u&rnfjzpfonf?
ytdk0f;wdkif;&if;om; wdk@OD;aqmifawmfvSefcJh=uaom ya'o&mZfpepfawmfvSefa&;onf ,ckqdkv#if vmrnfh
2001-ckESpf 'DZifbm(11) &ufae@wGif (52) ESpfajrmufjynfhcJh+yDjzpfonf? vlopfpdwfopfarG;zGm;&if;trsdK;om;tcsif;csif;
cspf=unfa&;/ ytdk0f;trsdK;om; xkwpfckvHk; cspf=unf&if;ESD;r_rsm;udk wnfaqmufcJh+yD;jzpfonf? tem*wfytdk0f;trsdK;om;
wdk@. b0tmrcH csuf&&Sda&;twGuf tav;xm;I }udK;pm;aqmif&$uf&ef ytdk0f;trsdK;om;tm;vHk;wdk@.wm0efyif
jzpfonf?
wzufwGif pD;yGm;a&; / ynma&; / usrf;rma&; / bmoma&; / omoema&; / &dk;&m,Ofaus;r_ESifhtrsdK;om;
ordkif; azmfxkwfa&;wdk@wGif ytdk0f;trsdK;om;tm;vHk;wdk@. wm0efyifjzpfonf? ya'o&mZfpepf ysufokef;a&;twGuf
wdkufyJ0G ifcJhaomtmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;i,frsm;udk t+rJwef;*k%fjyKEkdif&ef twGuf ya'o&mZfpepf qef@usifawmf
vSefa&;ae@udkESpfpOft+rJjyKvkyfoifhayonf? ytdk0f;trsdK;om;tcsif;csif; cspf=unfa&; / wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; cspf=unf
a&;/ wnfaqmufoGm;=u&if;vmrnfh ( 52 )ESpfajrmuf ya'o&mZfpepf qef@usifawmfvSefa&;ae@}uD;udk ae@x;lae@jrwf
jzpfa=umif; csD;usK;*k%fjyKa&;om;vdkuf&ygonf?