KTM-YH

1 S CU BI TP L SINH
1. Da vo phng trnh Goldman xc nh in th ngh trn t bo mu
ngi 370C. Bit rng mng t bo trung ha vi ion Cl-, v h s thm
ca ion K+ ln gp 30 ln i vi ion Na+ (Y1: 07-08( 1),06-07(1),1213(1),08-09(1),RHM:10-11(1)
Cho nng ion K+ trong mng l 155 M/cm3, pha ngoi mng l 4
M/cm3 v nng ion Na+ trong mng l 12 M/cm3 cn pha ngoi
mng l 145 M/cm3
Tr li:
p dng cng thc Goldman xc nh in th ngh trn t bo mu ngi
Ta c:
Pk.[K+]ng+Pna.[Na+]ng+PCl.[Cl-]tr

RT
U=

. ln
F

Pk.[K+]tr+Pna[Na+]tr+PCl.[Cl-]ng

RT

PK.[K+]ng+Pna.[Na+]ng

(V mng trung ha vi ion Cl-)

.ln
+

PK.[K ]tr+Pna.[Na ]tr

Vi R l hng s kh l tng (R=8,31.103 J/Kmol.0K)

T=37+273=310 0K
F=96500 (hng s Faraday)
PK+=30Pna+
[K+]tr=155M/cm3
[K+]ng=4M/cm3
[Na+]tr=12M/cm3
[Na+]ng=145M/cm3
8,31.103.310
2.Do U=

30.4+145
. ln

96500

30.155+12

= ..

2. 1 xe cu thng pht ra ting ci cp cu tn s 1600Hz truyn trong

khng kh vi vn tc 343m/s, xe vt v i qua 1 ngi xe p (tc
2.5m/s). Sau khi xe vt qua, ngi i xe p nghe c ting ci c tn s
1550 Hz. Hi xe cu thng chy vi tc bao nhiu ? (Y1: 06-07(1), 0910(1),11-12(1),02-03(1)
Tr li:

KTM-YH
Gi f l tn s ca sng m do ngun pht ra
fl tn s ca sng m m my thu c
Khi ta thy my thu l ngi i xe p
ngun pht l xe cu thng
My thu v ngun pht cng chuyn ng nn p dng hiu ng Dopple, ta c:
VVxd
f= f.

(1)
VVs

Vi V l vn tc truyn trong khng kh :343m/s

Vxd l vn tc ca ngi i xe p: 2,5m/s
Vs l vn tc ca xe cu thng
Do my thu v ngn pht i ngc chiu v ri xa nhau nn f<f , t v mu ca (1)
u nhn du (+)
V+Vxd
Ta
f.(V+Vs)
= f.
f.(V+Vxd)
c: f =
f.(V+VV+Vs
xd) f.V
Vs =
f
1600.(343+2,5)-1550.343
=
1550
= 13,645m/s
3. 1 xe cu thng chy vi tc 54km/h, pht ra ting ci cp cu. Xe vt
v i qua 1 ngi i xe p vi tc 2,5m/s. Sau khi xe vt qua ngi i
xe p nghe c ting ci c tn s 1550 Hz. Nu m thanh lan truyn trong
khng kh vi vn tc 343m/s. Hi ci cp cu pht ra vi tn s bao nhiu?
(Y1:07-08(1), 05-06(1),03-04(1)
Tr li:
54km/h = 15m/s
Gi f l tn s ca sng m do ngun pht ra
fl tn s ca sng m m my thu c
Khi ta thy my thu l ngi i xe p
ngun pht l xe cu thng
My thu v ngun pht cng chuyn ng nn p dng hiu ng Dopple, ta c:
VVxd
f= f.

(1)
VVs

KTM-YH

Vi V l vn tc truyn trong khng kh :343m/s

Vxd l vn tc ca ngi i xe p: 2,5m/s
Vs l vn tc ca xe cu thng: 15m/s
Do my thu v ngn pht i ngc chiu v ri xa nhau nn f<f , t v mu ca (1)
u nhn du (+)
4. c:
Ta

V+Vxd
f = f.
V+Vs
f.(V+Vs)

f=
V+Vsd
1550.(343+15)
=
343+2,5
1606 Hz
4. Kho st s dch chuyn ca cc ion trn thn nhit ca ngi trng thi
bnh thng 370C, ta thy ion Cl- t gi tr cn bng ti in th ngh
-90mV. Bit nng ion Cl- trong mng l 4M/cm3, hy tnh nng ion
Cl- ngoi mng (Y1: 09-10(1),10-11(1),08-09(2),11-12(1)
Tr li:
p dng cng thc xc nh in th tnh ca mng t bo ng vt Donnan i vi Clo,
RT

[Cl-]n
Ta c: U=
. ln
(1)
ZF
[Cl-]t
Trog :

u= 90mV
R=8,31.103 J/Kmol.0K
Z=1(l ha tr ca ion)
T= 37+273=3100K
F=96500 (hng s Faraday)
[ Cl- ]t = 4m/cm3
Thay vo (1), ta c

KTM-YH
8,31.103.310
[Cl-]n
90= .ln
96500
4
ln[Cl ]n =4,76
[Cl-]n = e4,76 116,75 M/cm

5. Natri 11Na24 phn r phng x Beeta. Chu k bn r l 14.8h. Tnh s ht

nhn b phn r sau 10h trong 1 mg cht phng x (Y1:05-06(1),0809(2)
Tr li:
24
11Na l cht ng v phng x khng bn , khi phn r phng x th l loi phng
x -, to thnh ht nhn 12Mg24
Pt ht nhn: 11Na24 -10e + 12Mg24 + Q
Gi N0 l s ht nhn 11Na24 ban u
N l s ht nhn 11Na24 sau thi gian t = 10h
Theo nh lut phng x, ta c
Nt = N0.e-.t
(1)
= No.e-ln2/T.t
Trong T l chu k bn r ca 11Na24: 14,8h
t l thi gian bn r: 10h
S mol ca Na: nNa = m/M = 10-3/24 (mol)
m 1 mol Na c 6,02.1023 nguyn t
nNa mol Na c N0 nguyn t
N0 = nNa.6,02.1023 = 10-3/24.6,02.1023 2,5.1019
S ht nhn b phn r sau thi gian t = 10h:
N = N0 Nt = N0 N0.e-ln2/T.t = N0(1 e-ln2/T.t)
= 2,5.1019.(1 e-ln2/14,8.10)
9,35.1018 (ht)
6. Mc nc trong ng thy tinh dng ng chiu di 1m c th iu chnh
bt c v tr no trong ng. Mt m thoa dao ng vi tn s 686Hz c t
trn u h ca ng . Hi mc nc ti nhng v tr no th c cng
hng? (Y1: 08-09(1)
Tr li:
Bc sng ca m c tn s f = 686 Hz:
= v.T = v/f = 343/686 = 0,5 m
Vi l bc sng
V: tc lan truyn sng
T: chu k
Khi m thoa t trn u h ca ng thy tinh dao ng vi tn s f to ra 1 sng m
truyn t m thoa n mt nc gi l sng ti
Sng ti gp mt nc b phn x to thnh sosng phn x c cng tn s, bin dao
ng vi sng ti
Sng ti v sng phn x kt hp vi nhau to thnh sng dng trong ng thy tinh m
ti mt nc l 1 im nt N

KTM-YH
m c cng mnh nht ming ng th ming ng l v tr im bng ca cc
sng dng to c t s dao ng ca m thu
Gi ON=x, c cng hng th x phi c gi tr sau:
x = xk = /4 + k/2 (k=0,1,2)
vi k =0, ta c x = x0 = /4 = 50/4 = 12,5 cm
vi k =1, ta c x = x1 = /4+/2 = 3/4 = 3.50/4 = 37,5 cm
vi k =2, ta c x = x2 = /4+ = 62,5 cm
vi k =3, ta c x = x3 = /4+3/2 = 87,5cm
vi k = 4, ta c x = x4 = /4+2 = 112,5 cm > 100cm (loi ) (v l=1m=100cm)
Vy mc nc ti cc v tr cch ming ng 12,5cm ; 37,5cm ; 62,5cm ; 87,5cm th c
cng hng
7. Tnh nng lng cn thit ph v ht nhn 2He4 thnh cc nucleon
cch xa nhau (b qua lc tng tc) m khng cn truyn ng nng cho cc
ht (03-04(1),02-03(1)
Cho bit khi lng ca cc nucleon v ca ht nhn 2He4 l
M(p) = 1,00728vklnt
M(n) = 1,00867 vklnt
M(2He4) = 4,00150 vklnt
Tr li:
Ta c: mn = 1,008665u
mp = 1.001825u
u = 931 Mev/c2
Nguyn t Heli: 24He c Z=2,A=4 nn ht nhn c 2 proton v 2 ntron
m0 = Z.mp + N.mn
= 2.1,00867+2.1,00728
= 4,0319
ht khi:
m = mo mHe
= 4,0319 4,0015
= 0,0304 u
ph v ht nhn 24He thnh cc nuclon cch xa nhau th cn phi cung cp 1 nng
lng bng nng lng lin kt ht nhn
Nng lng l:
E = m.c2
= 0,0304 uc2
m 1uc2 = 931 MeV
E = 28,2304 MeV