*

.
,
.

18 . .

8 .
..
. 40-66
6 . . 1.
. 40-66.
. Duhm . 56-66

2.

.

,
* .
1 . . O. Eissfeldt, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, bingen 31964, . 408.
2 B. Duhm, Das Buch Jesaja, Gttingen 21902.

1
.

3.

. (,
, ),
,
,

.
:
,
.

.

. P. Hffken, Jesaja. Der Stand der theologischen Diskussion, Darmstadt 2004, . 19-81.

.
760 ..
(783-742
..) 4
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, 6
, .

,

3
,
(. 6:1-3).

. 7:3, 22:15, 37:2.

W.F.Albright, The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel, BASOR 100 (1945),
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4
5

3
,
.
.
, 6,
- -
.

.

(735 ..)
( )
(701 ..). , (
) ( )

. ,
7.
.

8.

.

. 6:6-7

.
6

7
8

. 7:6.
. 28:17.

4

.
.

.
( ).
,
,
9.
: ,
, ,
( ).
.
.
, , ,
. (732
..) .

10.

, (722 ..),
.
.

. 7:14.
. 7:3.

10

5
.
11.

(715-687

..).
12.
. (705681..) 701 .. ,
,
.
,
. , ,
13.
.
,
(699-644 ..)14.
,
,

. ,
. ,

. 16:10.
B. 18:4.
13 . 19:35 . 37:36.
14 :2. 120.5. .
11:37 ....
11
12

6
,

. ,
.

. ,

. 15.
16,

,
.

.
.

.
,

. . 12 ..

-
(. 30:1-5. 31:1-4) -
. , ,
, .
. .,
, 2005, . 153-171.
16 . ,
(.. 48:22), (
.), ( ), ( ,
).
15

7
Ibn Ezra
8 . .17.
. J.Eichhorn (1783)
J.Dderlein (1789) , . 1-39
40-66,
. E.
Rosenmller (1768-1835) . 13 14
,
18.
19 . ,
B. Duhm19,
. 40-55 56-66.
(.1-39), , 8 ...

. (. 40-55)
,

, ,

Ibn Ezra (Abraham ben Meir), Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah, New York 1966.
Rachel Margalioth, The Indivisible Isaiah, New York 1964, .11-13, Ibn Ezra
.
,
, Samuel Ibn Gekatilla.
. . R. B.
Dillard and T. Longmann, An Introduction to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids 1994, . 26869.
17

18

. O. Eissfeldt, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, bingen 1964, . 408.

19

B. Duhm, Das Buch Jesaja, Gttingen 1902.

8
20.
.
(. 56-66)

21.

,
(6 . ..) ,
, 4 . .

22

,
.
, . . 5-35,
, , 4
. ..23 (538 ..),
550 538 .. . . , ,
1990, . 18-20.
21 . B. Duhm, Das Buch Jesaja, ..,
. 19, . 56-66 . 40-55,
, , . C. C. Torrey,
The Second Isaiah: ew Interpretation, New York 1928, . 21,
Duhm 40-55 56-66 ,
.
. Achtemeier, The Community and Message of Isaiah 56-66: A
Theological Commentary, Minneapolis: Augsburg 1982, . 10-16, . 56-66
, .
22 C. Westermann, Das Buch Jesaja Kapitel 40-66, Gttingen 1966, . 237-245,
,
. , (.60-62),
537 520 ..,
. . . ,
, 1991, . 155.
23 R. E. Clements, Isaiah: ook without an Ending?, JSOT
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W.L.Holladay, Isaiah: Scroll of a Prophetic Heritage, Grand Rapids 1978,
( ).
20

9
24,
.

.

25,
(1-39, 40-55, 5666)26.
27.

F. C. Cook, Holy Bible. . V, London 1875, .18.

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.
. . .S.Childs, Introduction to the Old Testament as
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R.Rendtorff, ur Komposition des Buches Jesaja, VT 34 (1984), . 295-320. R.E.Clements,
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Destiny: The Development of the Book of Isaiah, Minneapolis 1991. O. H. Steck, Studien zu
Tritojesaja, Berlin 1991 [BZAW 203]. J.R. Clifford, The Unity of the Book of Isaiah and its
Cosmogenic Language, CBQ 55 (1993), . 1-17. P.D. Miscall, Isaiah, JSOT (1993), .
224-1077. R.J. Coggins, Do We Still Need Deutero-Isaiah?, JSOT 81 (1998), . 77-92.
J.A.Motyer, Isaiah: An Introduction and Commentary, Downers Grove 1999 [TOTC]. Y.Gitay,
Prophetic Criticism- What are they doing?: The Case of Isaiah-A Methodological
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D. Janthial, L oracle de Nathan et l unite du livre d Isaie, Berlin/New York 2004 [BZAW 342]. .
. Merrill, Everlasting Dominion: heology of the Old Testament, Nashville 2006 ..
26 ,
, , ,
. O. H. Steck, Studien, . 3:
.
27 R. Melugin :
,
. , , ,
,
. R. F. Melugin and M. A. Sweeney, New
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24
25

10
: ) ,
,
8 . .. 3 .
.. (Childs, Clements, Rendtorff, Seitz, Steck).
,
) 5 4 .
..,
,
(Miscall, Watts) )

8 . ..,

28 (Oswalt, Motyer).
29 ,
, 56-66
.
Mowickel,
, .
,
30,

Duhm,
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29 S. Mowinckel, Prophecy and Tradition, Oslo 1946, .67. D. R. Jones, The
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30 R. . Clements, The Prophecies of Isaiah and the Fall of Jerusalem, VT 30 (1980), . 421436. W. R. Watters, Formula Criticism and the Poetry of the Old Testament, Berlin 1976, . 67
28

11
,
.

, 31: ,
(. 8:16, ),
32:
... (.
8:18).
,
, Duhm
,
.
Duhm
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)34. 2 . .. 9 . ..,
.
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, .. , .13-14. . J. Barton,
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31 J.N.Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 1-39, Grand Rapids, ichigan 1988, . 19.
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33 H. M. Wolf, Interpreting Isaiah: The Suffering and the Glory of the Messiah, Grand Rapids 1985,
. 37.
34 1QIsaa M. Burrows, J. C. Trever, W. Brownlee, he Dead Sea
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Haven 1950.

12
,


. Duhm )
,
,
39 5535 (
) )
Duhm36,
70 .., 2 . ..
. 1Qsaa , ,
2 . .,
Qumran37.

.
1QIsaa 54 , ,
. . 39 ( )
,
40 ,
.
. 55 ( XLVI, . 10). .
33 ( XXVII), (
LIV).
36 B.Duhm, Das Buch Jesaja, .., . 21. Duhm . 24-27 (
)
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, . 4:17 (. 5). R. H. Kennett, The Servant of the Lord,
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. Qumran
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.
37 M. Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls, New York 1955, . 109,

Qumran.
35

13

1.

,
,
.
,
38,

:
) ,

. ,
. . 40-66
, , .

Y. Radday39 .
, Radday

,

,
, : S. R.
Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament, London 1913. O. Eissfeldt, Einleitung

38

in das Alte Testament, Tbingen 1964. J. Schreiner, Das Buch Jesajanischer Schule, Wort und
Botschaft, . J. Schreiner, Wrzburg 1967, . 143-162. J. L. Mckenzie, Second Isaiah, New
York 1968. G. Fohrer, Das Alte Testament. Band 40-66, Berlin 1972. . ,
, 1985. . , , 1990.
39 Y.T. Radday, The Unity of Isaiah in the Light of Statistical Linguistics, Hildesheim: Gerstenberg
1973.

14
.
. , . 40-48
, Radday, ,
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..)40,
539
.41.
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) , ,
43 )
Radday
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.
44.

(1-39, 40-55, 56-66) .
,
Y.T. Radday, .. . 274.
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42
Radday. . R. Posner, he Use and Abuse of Stylistic
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43 L.L. Adams and A.C. Rincher, The Popular Critical View of the Isaiah Problem in the Light
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44 Y.Radday, Genesis, Wellhausen and the Computer, ZAW 94 (1982), . 467-481.
40
41

15

, ,
.

45. J. N. Oswalt46
,
. ,
,
,
47.
,

48.
, Oswalt
, ,

. . . , , 1975, . 386.
,
(. 1:1). J. N. Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah. Chapters 1-39,
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,
. , , .

.
46 J.N. Oswalt, , . 25.
47 . P. Ackroyd, Isaiah I-XII: Presentation of a Prophet, SVT 29
(1978), . 16-48 Isaiah 36-39: Structure and Function, Von Kanaan Bis Kerala: Festschrift
fr Prof Dr J. P. M. Van Der Ploeg, Neukirchen 1982, . 3-21 [A 211]. R. Melugin, he
Formation of Isaiah 40-55, Berlin/New York 1976. A

, .

.
48 R. K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament,
Grand Rapids 1969, . 777, 780.
45

16
, ,

49.
,

50.
,
, : , .

, ,
.
,
.


(40-66), ,
(1-39). ,

.

...
(1:27) ,

49

(Baba Bathra 15a, The

2

Babylonian Talmud, . I. Epstein, London 1961),

.
.
50 J.N. Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah, .., . 26, 44-45.

17
(4:2-4).

51 (4:4).

, ,
52.
:
. .

53. . 1-39,
. 40-55, . 56-66
. 54.
.
.
55.

. . 8:23-10:4. 11-14. 26:20. 30:26.

. R. Margalioth, The Indivisible Isaiah, New York 1964. E. J. Young, Who wrote Isaiah?,
Grand Rapids 1958.
53 . J. J .M. Roberts, Isaiah in Old Testament Theology, Int 36 (1982), . 130-143. R.L.
Cate, We Need to be Saved (Isaiah 1:1-2. 5:1-2. 6:1-13), Review & Expositor 88 (1991), .
139, 146.
54 . 1:4. 5:19,24. 10:20. 12:6. 17:7. 29:19. 30:11,12,15. 31:1. 37:23. 41:14,16,20. 43:3,14. 45:11.
47:4. 48:17. 49:7. 54:5. 55:5. 60:9,14.
.
55 . 1:20. 40:5. 58:14.
51
52

18
.

)
, 56.
. . 1-39
. 40-66.
. :
, , 57.
. /
: . 1-39,
. 40-6658.
.

, 59.
. ,

60.
.
61.
.
, 62,

. 30:25. 44:4.
. 6:5. 8:21. 24:23. 32:1. 33:17, 22. 41:21. 43:15. 52:7.
58 . 1:27. 2:3. 4:5. 8:18. 12:6. 14:32. 18:7. 24:23. 28:16. 31:4. 35:10. 40:9. 46:13. 51:3, 16. 52:1, 7.
59:20. 60:14. 61:3. 62:1, 11.
59 . 6:10. 42:18-20. 43:8. 63:17.
60 . 11:6-9. 65:25.
61 . 6:3. 35:2. 40:5. 59:19. 60:1. 66:18.
62 . 2:7-8. 6:3. 8:9. 21:11. 24:16,23. 29:1. 40:1. 43:11,25. 48:15. 51:12. 57:19. 62:10.
J. Schreiner, Das Buch Jesajanischer Schule, Wort und Botschaft,
. J. Schreiner, Wrzburg 1967, . 146,
.
56
57

19
-63, -64, 65.
. 66.
. ( ),
67 68, .
.
,
69.
.
, 70.

71.
) .

,

. , ,
72,
.

. 26:5. 29:4. 34:7. 47:1.

. 5:24. 10:17. 43:2.
65 . 1:3. 40:14, 21. 43:10 ().
66 . 5:13. 8:23. 9:1-7. 10:28-31. 23:1,14. 41:25. 45:13. 53:1-12.
67 H. 11:16.
68 . 35:8. 40:3. 43:19. 49:11. 57:14. 62:10.
69 . 13:8. 21:3. 26:17, 18. 42:14. 54:1. 66:7.
70 . 7:4. 10:24. 37:6. 40:9 41:10,13. 43:1, 5. 44:2. 54:4.
71 . E. W. Conrad, The Royal Narratives and the Structure of the ook of Isaiah, JSOT 41
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72 . 44:28. 45:1.
63
64

20

8 .. ,
. ,
73.
,
,
74.
. , ,
,
. - - ,
,


,
(. 10 37)75.

,
,

G. Fohrer, Das Alte Testament, Band 40-66, Berlin 1972, . 66.

. , , 1984, . 266.
66 . . , , 1975, . 25.
,
(. . 32 ).
73
74

21
,
(, ,
..), .
,
.



,
. -

, : - , - ,
. ,
, . , ,
,
;
, ,

, ,
.
,
44 45
,
8 .

22
,

.
,
76. (vaticinium ex eventu)

( , )
,
. E, ,

.
,
,
8 . . .
.
.
. ,

, 77.

(. 34), -

,

, . ,
( . 43,3-4), 69 (1986), . 299.
77 . , , 3, (1936-7), .
154. . ,

,
.
76

23
,
.
8 ..
, ,
78.


. . 13:2
.
( . 23:15 .).
,

, .

,
,
79. .
,
.
...
80.

. 18:22.
. 46:10,11. . . 41:21-24. 42:8-9. 44:7-8. 45:1-4. 45:11. 45:21. 48:3-6.
80 . 30:8. 42:23.
78
79

24
. ,
81. (. 37-38),
(. 7-11), (. 8-13)
.
,
,

(. 6:11 .) (. 7:8),
(. 10:20-23)82,
(. 13:17,19-20. 14:4,22-23. 21:9),
(. 23), (. 37:33-35),

(. 39:5-7).
83. , ,
,

Duhm ,

. , , .., . 135.
.
82 ( =
).
83 . O. Kaiser, Isaiah 1-12:A Commentary, London 1972, . 23. [OTL].
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25

84.
)
,
,
. .
.
,
43, 44 45.
8 .

.

. (1:2-9) ,
: 7 , ,

(.1:7).
85, -

Duhm. . R. E. Clements, Isaiah:
ook without an Ending?, JSOT 97 (2002), . 116.
85 . . 3:8 :
, . 5:13
:
. :
11
,

12
84

26
8 . ..
86

, .

.
, .

550 400 .87.

,
88.
40-55 ,

89.

(. 11:1112).
86. 3:8. 4:3. 8:23-10:4. . 11-14 ..
87 Blank, Bonnard, Feldmann, Fohrer, Kittel, Tournay Weiser
, Bunsen, Ewald, Hlscher Marti
, Seinecke Mowinckel , Duhm , von
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. . ,
, 1990, . 18-20. K. Baltzer, Deutero-Isaiah: A
Commentary on Isaiah 40-55, Minneapolis 2001, . 23-32.
88 B. S. Childs, Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture, Philadelphia 1979, . 325-327,
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,

,
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89 A. Motyer, The Prophecy of Isaiah, Leicester 1993, . 27.

27
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.
,
90. .. ,
, ,
. . 4066 - -
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. . 40-55 ,
,
. , (. 2:15)
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( 1:15), . 52:7.
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. 51:15 ( , ) , . 31:35. (. 30:10,
. 41:19. 44:14.
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28
46:27)
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,
.
, , ,
.

, . , , ,
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. , (42:1.
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92

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29
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93
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95
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4
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. , ,
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31

2.
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,
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,
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32
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,
.

. . 40100.


(. 1-39), (.
40-66). Oswalt101,
,


.
)
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23

24

25
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. . . 40
100
101

R. E. Clements, The Unity of the Book of Isaiah, Int. 36 (1982), . 127.

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33

.
)

102.
)
: , ,

, .
)
.
103.
. . 40-66
,
.

...
,
. ,

,

.
.
,


(, , :3-6).
103 . 3:3 (. 40:3), 4:14 (. 8:23), 8:17 (. 53:4), 12:17 (. 42:1), 13:14 (. 6:9-10),
15:7 (. 29:13), . 1:2 (. 40:3), 7:6 (. 29:13), . 3:4 (. 40:3), 4:17-19 (. 61:12), .1:23 (. 40:3), 12:38 (. 53:1), 12:39 (. 6:9-10), 12:41 (. 53:1,6:9-10), . 8:28
(. 53:7-8), 8:30 (. 53:7-8), 28:25 (. 6:9-10), . 9:27 (. 10:22-23), 9:29 (. 1:9), 10:16
(. 53:1), 10:20 (. 65:1), 15:12 (. 11:10).
102

34
)
: M. B,
, , ,
, . , K ,
, 104. ,
8 . .. .
.

8
.

SUMMARY

THE COMPOSITION OF THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

Thirty years ago a few Greek and foreign scholars defended the
unity of Isaiahs book and this was due to the fact that B. Duhms
theory on the books three-author division had predominated.
According to this theory the first part (chapters 1-39), that was named
104

M. B, , PG 30, . 117-667.
, , PG 24, . 89-528. ,
, PG 93, 1369-86. ,
, PG 81, . 215-494. ,
, PG 18, 1307-78. . , , PG 56,
. 11-94. K , , PG
70, . 9-1450. , , PG 87, . 1817-2717. , ,
PG 13, . 219-254.

35
Proto-Isaiah, was written by the prophet Isaiah in the 8th century BC
and refers to his activities during the period when Assyria was the
dominant force in the Near East. In the second part (chapters 40-55) the
message of another great prophet of the era of captivity is recorded,
who was conventionally named Deutero-Isaiah. The books third part
(chapters 56-66) has been attributed to a disciple or disciples of
Deutero-Isaiah and was named Trito-Isaiah. A direct consequence
of the aforesaid position was the treatment of each of the three sections
as a different book, which should be interpreted independently of the
other two books.
Nowadays this practice has gradually started to change.
Contemporary commentaries and independent studies treat Isaiahs
book as a single work with specific theological aims, but one notice
major differences among scholars with regard to the mode of
comprehending its unity.
In this study, it is attempted to reexamine the theory of the three
authors by researching internal and external criteria as well as by
utilizing the results of contemporary researches. By examining the
aforementioned criteria we deem that it becomes apparent that the
theory of the books two-author or, according to others, three-author
division causes much more problems than those it attempts to solve. We
infer from our treatment of this issue that the book in its whole was
written by the prophet Isaiah in the 8th century BC, who was transferred
in the Spirit to the era of the Babylonian captivity and prophesied the
events of this era.

36

AOAT

Alter Orient Und Altes Testament

ATD

Das Alte Testament Deutsch

BASOR

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental

Research

BZAW

Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fr die alttestamentliche

Wissenschaft

CBQ

Catholic Biblical Quarterly

37

Int

Interpretation

JBL

Journal for Biblical Literature

JSOT

Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

NIVAC

New International Version Application Commentary

OTL

Old Testament Library

PG

Patrologia Graeca

Rev&Exp

Review and Expositor

TOTC

The Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries

VT

Vetus Testamentum

VT Suppl

Supplements to Vetus Testamentum

ZAW

Zeitschrift fr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

1. . - .
LIA HEBRAICA STUTTGARTENSIA, .. Elliger - W. Rudolph,
Stuttgart4 1967-1977.
KOEHLER L. - BAUMGARTNER W., Lexicon in Veteris

Testamenti

Libros, . E. J. Brill, Leiden 1958.

LIDDELL G. H. - SCOTT R., , .
SEPTUAGINTA, . . Rahlfs, Stuttgart 1979.

38
2. .
M. B, , PG 30, . 117667.
, , PG 24, . 89-528.
, , PG 93,
. 1369-86.
, ,
PG 81, . 215-494.
, , PG 18, .
1307-78.
. , , PG 56, .
11-94.
K ,
, PG 70, . 9-1450.
,
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