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19

19.1



19.1.1

2




10000

19.1.2

1)

2)



3)

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19

4)

3) 4)
( )

1) 2)




()




2
( F = q E ) ( F = q v B )


qvB = qE
( E = Vd )
v = BE
v = dVB
v ( / )
B ( )
E ( / , / )
V ( )
D ( )
2

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19

1. 3 x 103
1
600

1. 0.5 x 107 /
2. 1.0 x 107 /
3. 1.5 x 107 /
4. 2.0 x 107 /

2. 2.0 x 107

3.0 x 103

1. 2 x 104 /
2. 4 x 104 /
3. 6 x 104 /
4. 8 x 104 /

3(En 32) 4 x 1012 8 x 109

100 /
1. 0.025
2. 0.4
3. 2.5
4. 40

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19

4(En43 ..)


1.
2.
3.
4.

R = mq Bv
q

m = BvR
q 1 ( )
v ( / )
R ( )
m 1 ( )
B ( )
mq 1.76 x 1011 -

5. mq
1.5 x 103
10 1
390
mq
1. 1.48 x 1011
2. 1.73 x 1011
3. 2.00 x 1011
4. 2.16 x 1011
26

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19

19.1.3
( Robert A. Millikan )


2
1. ( W = m g )

2. ( F = q E )

F = F
qE = mg
neE = mg
( q = n e )
n e = mg
E
q ( )
n
e 1 = 1.6 x 1019
m ( )
E ( / )
n e = x 1.6 x 1019
n e = 1 x 1.6 x 1019
n e = 2 x 1.6 x 1019
n e = 3 x 1.6 x 1019
1 1.6 x 1019

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19

6. 10 1.6 x 1015

100 1 1
1. 1.1 x 1019 C
2. 1.3 x 1019 C
3. 1.6 x 1019 C
4. 1.8 x 1019 C

7(En 34) 100

8 x 1016 0.8

1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 8

8( 36) 1.6 x 1014

1 .
392 9.8 /2
1.6 x 1019
1. 25
2. 50
3. 250
4. 500

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19

19.2
19.2.1
(Eugen Goldstein )

()


,
()
()

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19.2.1

19

e
++

e

++

e

e

++

e

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19

9(En 36)

1.

2.
3.
4.

10(En42 .)

1.

2.

3. ,

4. , ,

11(En41 .)

1.
2.
3.
4.

12(En 39)

1.
2.
3.
4.

 3 weeks 2

19.3

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19

19.3.1


2
1.


( L )

h (
h
) 2

m
r v
L = mvr = nh
n 1 , 2 , 3 , ....
2. 1.


rn = 5.3 x 1011 n2
rn n ( )
n

10

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19

13( 32) (Bohr)

1.
2.
.
3.

4.
1

14( 34)
1. 10.6 x 1010
2. 21.2 x 1010
3. 10.6 x 1011
4. 21.2 x 1011

15(En41 ..)
n = 4 n = 1

11

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19.3.2

E
En = 21
n
En n ( eV )
E1 1 13.6 eV
n
; 1 = 1.6 x 1019
.
4 (E4)
3 (E3)
2 (E2)
1 (E1)

=
=
=
=

19.3.3

1. ( n = 1 )
( n = 1 )
( Ground State )
2.

( Excited State )

3.

12

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19

()
1

6 2
(410 nm)
5 2 (434 nm)

4 2 (484 nm)
3 2
(656 nm)
3

13

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19

.
( )

6
5
4
3

e
1
2
2
2
2
3
4
5

...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................

..............

...............................
...............................
...............................

..............
..............
..............

..............

16.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2

17.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4

E = Ef Ei
E = hef = 4.125 x 1015 f
E = eh C = 1237.5x 109
14

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19

( )
E
E
Ef ()
Ei ()
f ( )
h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( )
e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 )
C = 3 x 108 m/s ( )
( )
18(En 40) 13.6
n = 3 n = 2
1. 1.51 eV
2. 1.89 eV
3. 3.40 eV
4. 4.91 eV

19(En41 .)
13.6
10.20
n

1. 2
2. 4
3. 8
4. 16

15

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19

20(En44 ..) 13.2

n ( = 13.6 eV )
1. n = 7
2. n = 6
3. n = 5
4. n = 4

21.

13.6
n = 3 n = 1

1. 102.4
2. 256.5
3. 525.5
4. 672.0

22.
1. 2.93 x 1014
2. 4.61 x 1014
3. 2.93 x 1015

16

4. 4.61 x 1015

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23(En45 ..) ( = 440 )

1. 1.85 eV
2. 2.44 eV
3. 2.81 eV
4. 3.26 eV

24(En 38) 5s
20.66 3d
632.8 3d
( )
1. 15.8 eV
2. 16.6 eV
3. 17.6 eV
4. 18.7 eV

25(En 40) n = 3
19.34 x 1019 n = 2
16.33 x 1019
n = 2 n = 3
1. 4.6 x 1014 Hz
2. 5.4 x 1014 Hz
3. 4.6 x 1015 Hz
4. 5.4 x 1015 Hz

17

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19

26(En46.)
200 300
1 2 3
()
E3

2
1. 100 nm
E2
2. 400 nm
3
1
3. 500 nm
E1
4. 600 nm

27(En42 ..) n = 2 n = 1
n = 4 n = 2
1. 41
2. 12
3. 2
4. 4

18

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28( 33)
()
1. 1215 , 952
2. 1215 , 912
3. 1415 , 912
4. 1415 , 952

29.

1.
3.
3.
4.

30( 45) 19.5 x 1019

1.
2. 2 1
3. 2 2
4. 1 2

19

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19

19.3.4

1 2 4.9 eV 1 3
6.7 eV ( 1 )
4.9 eV
4.9 eV
2 4.9 eV 6.7 eV
6.0 eV 4.9 eV
6.7 eV 6.7 eV
3

20

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19.3.5
C

V1
C ()

Vo A ()
2
1. (continuous X - ray)





(fmax) Vo

()

W = E
eV = hf

e V = hC
e = 1.6 x 1019
7

V ( )
h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( )
f ( )
21

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C = 3 x 108 m/s ( )
( )
2) (characteristic X rays)









31( Pat2)
1.
2.
3.
4.

32. 20000

1. 2.42 x 1016
2. 4.83 x 1016
3. 2.42 x 1018
4. 4.83 x 1018

22

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19

33(En47 ..) 8.0 x 1011

1. 8.0
2. 9.9
3. 12.4
4. 15.5

34(En41 ..)
30

B
B
12
1. 3.4 x 10 m
2. 12.4 x 1012 m

3. 31.1 x 1012 m
4. 41.2 x 1012 m

19.3.6


1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.
4. L = m v r = n h
23

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19

35(En 36)
1. 4.9 eV

2. 4.9 eV

3. 4.9 eV
4.

19.4
19.4.1

(photoelectric effect )
(photo electron)
9

1.

24

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19

(Work function) W

E = W + Ek
2.
(W)

( f )

( fo) (o)
3.




( )
(Vo)

Ek = Ep
Ek = e Vo
Ek ( )
e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 )
Vo ( )
4. ( Ek ) ,
(W)
5. (W)

6.
25

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19

36.
1.
2.
3.
4.

37.
1.
2.
3.
4.

38( Pat2)

1.
2.
3.
4.

39(En42 .) 4.2 eV 4.8 eV

270

1.
2.
3.
4.
26

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19

40(En46 ..) 3 (Cs) (Ba) (Ca)

1.8 , 2.5 3.2
400
1. Cs
2. Cs Ba
3. Cs , Ba Ca
4.

41.
1. ( )
2.

3.
4.

42( 44)
1.

2.
3.
4.

27

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19

43(En42 .)
.
.

.

1. . .
2. . .
3. .
4.

44( 31) ao = 170 nm

(W) = 2.2 eV

1.
2.
3.
4. 2. 3.

45( 35) A B
A B Ea Eb
A B na nb
A B
1. Ea = Eb na < nb
2. Ea < Eb na = nb
3. Ea < Eb na > nb
4. Ea = Eb na = nb

28

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E = W + Vo hef = W + Vo

19

hC
e = W + Vo

E ( , eV )
W , ( , eV )
Vo ( , eV )
Vo ( )
h = 6.6 x 1034 J.s ( )
f ( )
e = 1.6 x 1019 C ( 1 )
C = 3 x 108 m/s ( )
( )
46( Anet) 2.0
300

1. 1.2 eV
2. 2.1 eV
3. 4.2 eV
4. 6.1 eV

47( Pat2) 6.0

100
( eV )
1. 6.4 eV
2. 10.4 eV
3. 14.4 eV
4. 18.4 eV

29

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48( Pat2) 4 x 107

3.2 x 1019
1. 1.09
2. 2.09
3. 3.09
4. 4.09

49(En46 ..) 7.0 x 1014

2.3

1. 0.6 V
2. 2.3 V
3. 2.9 V
4. 5.2 V

50(En43 ..) 4.80

1.80

30

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19

51( Anet ) 1.0

2.0
1.5
1. 2.5 eV
2. 3.0 eV
3. 3.5 eV
4. 4.0 eV

52(En 38) 5.6

1.2
4.7

1. 2.1 V
2. 4.4 V
3. 6.8 V
4. 11.5 V

53( Pat2) 5 x 1014

0.8 1015

1. 1.35
2. 2.55
3. 2.85
4. 4.10

31

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19

54( 43) 600

0 300

1. 1.1 x 1019
2. 3.3 x 1019
3. 6.6 x 1019
4.

55( 34)
3.1 x 107
2.0 x 107

56(En48 ..) 8.0 x 1014

1.1
1. 2.7 x 1014 Hz
2. 5.3 x 1014 Hz
3. 6.6 x 1014 Hz
4. 10.7 x 1014 Hz

32

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57(En 40)
E
k

2
6 x 1014 0

1. 0.42 V
2. 0.83 V
3. 1.65 V

19

f (x1014 Hz)

4. 2.50 V

58(En 33) A 3.3 B

4 x 1014 A B
A 1.2
B

33

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59( Pat2) 5.48 x 1014

0.79
7.39 x 1014
1.55
1. 3.98 x 1034 .
2. 6.37 x 1034 .
3. 6.51 x 1034 .
4. 6.63 x 1034 .

60( 45)
2.2 x 1015
7.5
5.2 x 1015 16.5
A x 1034 . A

34

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61(En46 ..)
A B ( A B
) VA VB VB VA

2. heC A 2 B

1. heC A B
AB

h
C
4. e A 2 B

3. heC A B
2AB

19.4.2










35

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19

(Albert Einstein)
1.
(photon)
2. 1 h f hC

n
= n (h f ) = n ( hC )
3.

( )


62(En47 ..) 0.6 630
1. 2 x 1011
2. 2 x 1013
3. 2 x 1015
4. 1 x 1016

63(En 40) 660 7 x 1022

200 40
( 4.2 x 103 / . )
1. 25oC
2. 20oC
3. 15oC
4. 10oC

36

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64( 42) 663

60
90% 500
A x 1024 A

19.4.3
(Arthur H. Compton) (Peter Debye)









65(En 36)
1.
2.
3.
4.

37

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19.4.4

P = mC
( m = E2 )
C
E
P= 2 C
C
P = CE
( E = h C )

h
C
C
P = ( )2
C
P = h

= Ph
( P = m v )
h
= mhv

=
2mEk
m v

(De Broglic wavelength)
66. 1000 72

1. 0.92 x 1038
2. 3.3 x 1038
3. 0.33 x 1038
4. 1.1 x 1038

67( 35)
( ) 858.50 keV

1. 1.33 x 1012
2. 1.44 x 1012
3. 2.31 x 1028
4. 2.31 x 1032

38

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68(En 39) 0.10

1. 2.4 x 1017
2. 4.8 x 1017
3. 2.0 x 1016
4. 1.0 x 1015

69(En41 ..) A 14 B
A B
2. 12
3. 2
4. 4
1. 14

70( 43) A 4000

A
= 0.0005 u ;
A = 1.0000 u
1. 1/1000
2. 1/2000
3. 1/4000
4. 1/8000

39

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71(En46 ..) V1
1
V1
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

72( Anet)
1.
2.
3.
4.

73(En44 ..)
4.5 x 1014
( = 9.0 x 1031 )

40

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74( Anet) n
En = 13.6
2
n2
1
1. 3.40 x 108 kg.m/s
2. 4.89 x 1010 kg.m/s
3. 1.63 x 1018 kg.m/s
4. 5.44 x 1027 kg.m/s

75(En 36) 9 x 1031 3 x 106

/

1. 1010
2. 106
3. 103
4. 102

41

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19

(duality of wave and particle)

m v r n h




2r = n
h)

2 r = n (mv

mvr = n 2 h

mvr = n h

19.5





19.5.1

42

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19

( x ) ( p ) > h
x
p = m v
h = h
2
76. 6.0 x 106 /
0.5 x 106 /
6.7 x 1027
1. 3.1 x 1014
2. 6.2 x 1014
3. 3.1 x 1015
4. 6.2 x 1015

43

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19

19.5.2

44