, ., , ., -, . (2006).

, 8, : .




-

:
, .
,
,
.

.


.
,
.
,
.

(, ,
,

),,

.
: , ,
, , .
1.

.
,, .

,
.
,
.
.



( ),
,
.
.
-
, ,
- ,
( 1).
(, ),
1 .
.
,, , : ( ),
( ) '' (Biggs, 1999).
,, / (
,,outcomes'') ( , 2006):

;
;
- ( ,
, ,
.
.
( 1).

: ,
, ,
,

( , )
.
,
, ,
.

.
( :
, , .)

 1: ( . 2005: 23)

.

.



.

.

.
.

. .
,



.

( )
.
.
:

, ,

;
, , ,
.

- ( 2
3
, ).
,
( -)
, 4 ,
,, 5 .

- Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes Taxonomy (Biggs and Collis)

PISA/OECD
4
XX ,
, , ,
.
. ,
, ,, ''.
5
,, ''
.
3

2.

,
(Benjamin Bloom, 1913-1999)
.
(
, ), (, , )
( ).

( 1956. ), ,
.
(
2), ,
.
2: -

,
,
, ( Forehand, 2005).

, , .
3.

()
, ,
. ,
.
-
(Bloom et al. 1956),
,
: , , ,
, .
: ,
, : , .



.

(, 1981; , 2006):
1. :
o :
;
o :
, ,
, , ;
o :
, ;
2. :
o ,
o ,
o ;
3. ;
4. :
o ,
o ,
o ;
5. :
o ,
o ,
o ;
6. :
o ,
o .
,
, .
.
.

.


.
( 3,
. 2005; . 2007).

 3: ( )

, , ,
,
, , ,
, , ,

, , , , ,

,
, - , , ,

, , - , , ,
, , , , ,
,
, ,
,
, , ,
, ,
, ,

, , , ,

, ,

, , , , ,
; , , , ,
:

, ,
, , ,
, - ?, ,

; ; , ,

/,

,
, , , ,
;
, /,
;

, , ,
, , ,
; ,
,

, ,
.
(Kropp and Stoker, , 1998: 8)

,
.
, , (Madaus, Woods, Nuttall,
, 1998: 8),
,
. , ,
,
( 1).

. 1: .
(, 1998: 19)

,

.
4.

,
,
,
.

,
. 6 ,
,

(Anderson and Krathwol, 2001).
, .

,
7 . ,
6
1956.
.
7

: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, syntesis, evaluation.

: remembering, understanding, applying, analysing, evaluating, creating.

 , ,
, , , ,
.

. 2:

. 3:

.
:
( ):
;
- ;
- ;
,
- );

: , , , , , .
( 4, Anderson and
Krathvol, 2001; . 2007), ,
, .

4:

5.

, , ,
, ,

,
, -
.
-

(Krathwohl, Bloom and Masia, 1964).


( 6.
, ).
6.

,
,
, ,
(Simpson, 1972; Dave,
1975; Harow, 1972). ,
, .
(), , , .
.
,
(1972),
.


( 7).

6:



, ,
. , ,
, , .
, ,
: , , ,

, ,
,
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
, ,

: , , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
,

, ,
, , ,
/,

, ,
( )
, ,
:
, ,
,
, ,
,

, ,
, ,
,

,
,

,
: , ,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
,
,

, ,
, , ,
,

,

,
:
,
, ,
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
,

7:




, - , ,
,

: , , ,
,

,
, ,

, ,
:
, ,
,
,

, , ,
,
, ,
: ,
,

, , ,
, ,

, ,
: , , ,
,

; ,
,

: , ,

:
;
;


;
:
;

,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
,

/, ,
,

, ,
,
, ,
, ,

7.

. ( )

,
/ .

,
.

8 ,

().

.
:
,
( , );
, ;

;
,
;

.
:
;
/ ;
, . ,
:
, .

,
.


.
,
.
8
,
: , , ,
(: SMART - Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Results-focused, Time-focused)


( 8).
8:
( )


,
,

, , ,
, ,

, ,

, (),

/, , e

( , )
.
, .
.
( 9)
9:
( )

/
/

.

10
.

.


.

,

(, . 3):
: ,
.
.

, , . ,
,
, , .

. 3:

? :
1.
;
2.
;
3.

,
;
( :
).
1: .

:

. ,
a.
().


. .
, ,
.

8.

,
e .

.
.

, ( 21. 2007. ),
710 - ,, '' 9
, 259.000 .
2
,, '', 2
,, '' 1 ,,
'', 55
,, '' ,
61 ,,
'' .
XXI
,
.
,

10 .
,
,
( :
. 2004; . 2005; ),
( , 2003),
( : , 2003; , 2003;
, 2001. .)


(, ). -


,
, .
- ,
/ -
, -
),
9

Bloom taxonomy; Bloom taxonomy cognitive domain or Cognitive domain of Bloom taxonomy

2001. .

10


, .

.

2003. .


2004. 2006. (- .
2003; ).
,
, ,

. 2006.
:

, ,
,
2007. :
,
.


(Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001),
( ; 2006/2007),

.
-

.
,
.

9.

( )

Bloom, B. S. (Ed.) (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of
Educational Goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook
I: Cognitive Domain. New York: Longman.
Bloom, B., Englehart, M. Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of
educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I:
Cognitive domain. New York, Toronto: Longman, Green and Co.

Krathwohl, D. R., Bloom, B. S., Masia, B. B. (Eds.) (1964). Taxonomy of Educational
Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective
Domain. New York: David McKay Co., Inc.

Harrow, A. (1972). A Taxonomy of the Psychomotor Domain. A Guide for Developing
Behavioral Objectives. New York: McKay.
Simpson E. J. (1972). The Classification of Educational Objectives in the Psychomotor
Domain. Washington, DC: Gryphon House.
Dave, R. H. (1975). Developing and Writing Behavioural Objectives. (R J Armstrong,
ed.) Educational Innovators Press.
10.
Anderson, L.W., Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching,
and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New
York: Longman.
Asquith, I., Lombard, E. (2000): SOLO Taxonomy as a possible tool for the qualitative
assessment of students in Higher Education. Association for the study of evaluation
in education in South Africa (ASEESA), Conference proceedings, pp. 50-58.
Biggs, J. (1999). Teaching for quality learning at university. Philadelphia: Buckingham.
Biggs, J. B., Collis, K. (1982): Evaluating the Quality of Learning: the SOLO taxonomy,
New York: Academic Press
, ., , ., , . (2005): 1
- , :
.
, ., , . (2005): , :
, ,
European Profiles.
, ., , . (2006): : ,
: .
* * * Blooms Revised Taxonomy, Enciclopedia of Educational Technology,
2007. . http://www.coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/bloomrev/index.htm

Bloom, B. S. (1981): Taksonomija ili klasifikacija obrazovnih i odgojnih ciljeva

Knjiga I kognitivno podruje, Beograd: Republiki zavod za unapreivanje
vaspitanja i obrazovanja.
, . (2003): , :
.
, . (1998): --, : .
, ., , . (2006): , :
.
* * * Major Categories in the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Bloom 1956),
http://faculty.washington.edu/krumme/guides/bloom.html 2003. .
* * * Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills: A New Framework for Assessment Publications 2000, http://www.oecd.org/document/
, . (2004): , : , ., -, . (2004): , :
, 62-78.
-, . (2003):
, , :

British Council.
, . (2003): - , :
,
.
, ., ., , ., , ., . (2005):
, : .
, ., , ., -, ., , . (2006/2007):
, :
.
* * * Skills for each of the six levels of Blooms Taxonomy, University of Victoria
(http://www.coun.uvic.ca/learn/program/hndouts/bloom.html preuzeto 2003
* * * The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Benjamin Bloom, 2004. .
a http://www.humboldt.edu
Forehand, M. (2005): Blooms Taxonomy: Original and Revised,
2007. http://www.coe.uga.edu/epltt/bloom.htm
Cruz, E. (2004). Encyclopedia of Educational Technology: Bloom's Revised Taxonomy,
2004. . http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/bloomrev/
, ., , . (2005):
,,
,, '', :
, 107-119.
* * * Writing Effective Goals and Objectives for Learning, Creighton University, School
of
Medicine,

2007.

http://www2.creighton.edu/medschool/medicine/admin/ome/educationalobjectives/index.php