Tccs 02.2010-Tieu Chuan Thi Cong Cau Duong Bo Aashto

TCCS T I U C HU N C S
B GIAO THNG VN TI
TNG CC NG B VIT NAM

TCCS 02:2010/TCBVN

Xut bn ln 1

TIU CHUN THI CNG CU
NG B - AASHTO LRFD
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications

H NI - 2010

TCCS 02:2010/TCBVN

1

Li ni u

Tiu chun ny c bin dch t Tiu chun thi cng cu ng b AASHTO LRFD phin bn ban
hnh nm 2004 v c b sung cc sa i ca phin bn ban hnh nm 2007. Cc ni dung ca Tiu
chun gc c bn c gi nguyn nh c v ch sa i mt s ch sai st trong nguyn bn ting
Anh.
B Giao thng Vn ti c cng vn s 8579/BGTVT-KHCN ngy 4/12/2009 ngh Cc ng b
Vit Nam (nay l Tng cc ng b Vit Nam) t chc cng b tiu chun ny di dng tiu chun
c s (TCCS). Ngy 20/8/2010, B Giao thng Vn ti c vn bn s 5756/BGTVT-KHCN ngh
Tng cc ng b Vit Nam cng b v p dng th nghim trong vng 2 nm.
TCCS 02:2010/TCBVN do Hi cu ng Vit Nam bin son, V Khoa hc Cng ngh ca B Giao
thng Vn ti xt duyt, Tng cc ng b Vit Nam ban hnh.

TCCS 02:2010/TCBVN

1

NI DUNG TIU CHUN
Tiu chun ny bao gm Phn m u v 32 phn c bin dch t Tiu chun thi cng cu
AASHTO LRFD ln xut bn th 2 nm 2004 theo h n v o lng quc t SI, c th nh sau :
1. o v lp kt cu
2. Tho d kt cu hin c
3. Cng trnh tm
4. Mng cc ng
5. Cc khoan v ging khoan
6. Neo t
7. Cc kt cu chn t
8. Kt cu b tng
9. Ct thp
10. To ng sut trc
11. Kt cu thp
12. Mt cu mng dm thp
13. Sn
14. xy
15. Cng trnh xy bng khi b tng v gch
16. Kt cu g
17. X l bo qun g
18. Gi cu
19. Tm bt khe ni mt cu
20. Lan can
21. Lp phng nc
22. Bo v mi dc
23. Kim loi linh tinh
24. Va phun bng kh nn
25. Tm lt hm bng b tng v thp
26. Cng kim loi
27. Cng b tng
28. B mt chu mi mn
29. Neo chn
30. ng nha do nhit
31. Kt cu nhm
32. B truyn va p

TCCS 02:2010/TCBVN

2
PHN M U
1. M u
tin s dng, phn Ch gii (Commentary) vi k t C trc ca mi iu c thc hin ngay
sau mi iu ch khng vit thnh ct trang bn phi ca phn tiu chun nh trong bn gc, hoc
lp thnh sch ring nh trong Gii thch tiu chun thit k cu 22 TCN 272.05. Phn ny c in
nghing phn bit vi phn Tiu chun. Trong ti liu gc khng c mc nh ngha (thut ng) nh
Tiu chun thit k nn chng ti khng lp thm. Mt s thut ng mi c ch gii khi xut hin ln
u trong Tiu chun
Tiu chun thi cng cu v c bn c trnh by theo mu ca TCVN 1-2: 2003. Phn 2 : Quy nh
v trnh by v th hin ni dung Tiu chun Vit Nam v Thng t s 21 & 22/2007/TT-KHCN ngy
28/9/2007 ca B Khoa hc cng ngh hng dn v xy dng v p dng tiu chun. C bit c theo
cch ca AASHTO tin i chiu.
Trong Tiu chun ny cc t Ch u t (Owner), Nh thu (Contractor) v K s (Engineer) c vit
hoa l ch 3 vai chnh trong cc hp ng thi cng xy dng theo c ch th trng. Trong K s
c hiu l k s t vn gim st trng ca d n (hoc k s t vn gim st c ng ta u
nhim). Cn k s ng b chuyn nghip l k s ca Nh thu. Khi cha c h thng ng b k s
c hiu l k s chuyn nghip ca nh thu.
Tn cc iu nh cp 5 (1.1.1.1.1) dng ch thng vit nghing theo nh bn gc.
Thut ng nc ngoi do cha c trao i thng nht nn c ch tm dng nguyn gc ting Anh,
c ch phin m Vit theo t in hoc theo m Vit ho ph cp.
Hu ht cc Tiu chun trch dn trong Tiu chun ny l thuc h thng Tiu chun AASHTO v
ASTM, nhng cng cn mt s Tiu chun ca cc lnh vc khc ca Hoa K. Cc ti liu vin dn
bng ting Anh cui mi phn vn nguyn ting Anh tin s dng.
Ch thch v nguyn bn ting Anh ca Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO LRFD:
o Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO LRFD l ti liu song hnh cng Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LFRD m Cc ng b lin bang Hoa K cng cc bang t ra mc tiu l sau
nm 2007 cc Tiu chun LRFD phi c dng thit k cc cu mi.
o Cc Tiu chun tm thi (Interim Specifications) thng c pht hnh vo gia nm, c gi
tr nh cc Tiu chun, gm cc sa i d kin c t nht 2/3 thnh vin ca Tiu ban
cu v kt cu chp thun v s a vo ln xut bn mi.
o Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO LRFD xut bn ln th hai nm 2004 cng cc Tiu chun
tm thi cc nm 2006 v 2007 l ti liu cp nht ti 2007 ca AASHTO v thi cng cu.
o Nguyn bn ting Anh dng cho c 2 h n v o lng Hoa k (US . Units) v n v o
lng quc t (SI. Units). Trong bn dch ny ch dng h n v quc t tin s dng. Trong
32 phn ca Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO LRFD 2004 so vi Phn II ca Tiu chun thi
cng cu AASHTO LRFD 1998 v ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD 1998 c th c
nhng phn c sa i ng k cp nht cc cng ngh mi, nh cc phn 3, 8, 10,
11, 18, 19, 27. C 3 phn mi thm so vi ln xut bn u tin nm 1998 l cc phn 30, 31
v 32.
o Bng vit tt cc n v o lng dng chung cho cc tiu chun LRFD theo n v quc t
c lit k di y:

TCCS 02:2010/TCBVN

3
n v Vit tt n v Vit tt
mt khi m
3
megapascal MPa
ngy ngy mt
mt vung
mt khi
micron
mt, m
m
2

m
3

mm

celsius
o
C mililt
milimt
ml
mm
gi
giy
gi, h
giy, s
Newton N
hc Hz Newton mt Nm
Joule, Jun J Newton/mt
ngy
N/m
ngy
Kilmt/gi Km/h Pascal Pa
kilonewton kN Pascal second
pht
Pa.S
pht, min
kilopascal kPa radian rad
lt L Radian/giy rad/s
2. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny c khuyn co p dng i vi cng tc thi cng v nghim thu cu v cng cho cc
cu mi c kt cu thng thng v p dng cc cng ngh thng thng trn ng t, ng
thnh ph.
Phm vi p dng ca Tiu chun ny bao gm:
o Dng ch o thi cng cc cng trnh cu ng b Vit Nam nhm m bo cht lng,
an ton v thn thin vi mi trng.
o L Tiu chun hi ho vi cc Tiu chun thit k v thi cng thng dng trn th gii ang
c cc d n ODA v giao thng a vo cc Hp ng gia Ch u t v Nh thu, gia
Ch u t v T vn gim st Vit Nam qua cc Ch dn k thut trong h s hp ng.
o Lm c s cho cc Nh thu tham kho lp cc Quy trnh cng ngh c th cho tng hng
mc trong cc d n c th
Ngoi cc quy nh trong Tiu chun ny, trong thi cng v nghim thu cu v cng, cn cn phi tun
theo cc Tiu chun hin hnh khc ca B GTVT v Nh nc c lin quan trong phn cc Tiu
chun vin dn.
Tiu chun ny khng cp ti vic kim tra, xem xt i chiu vi cc thit k cu. Cng tc ny
cn phi c thc hin theo nhng quy nh chung ca Nh nc v nghim thu cc cng trnh xy
dng c bn.

TCCS 02:2010/TCBVN

4
3. Ti liu vin dn
(xp theo th t ban hnh t cc nm gn y)

o TCXDVN 364 : 2006 Tiu chun k thut o v x l s liu GPS trong Trc a cng trnh"
o TCVN 7570: 2006 Ct liu cho b tng v va. Yu cu k thut
o 22TCN 272:2005 Tiu chun thit k cu
o TCXDVN 309:2004 Cng tc trc a trong cng trnh xy dng
o TCXDVN 325:2004 Ph gia ho hc cho b tng
o TCXDVN 327:2004 Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp - Yu cu bo v chng n mn
trong mi trng bin.
o TCXDVN 305: 2004 B tng khi ln - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
o 22TCN288-02 Tiu chun dm cu thp v kt cu thp - Yu cu k thut ch to v
nghim thu trong cng xng
o TCXD VN 262:2001 B tng nng -Phng php xc nh hm lng Clorua trong ct liu v
b tng
o TCVN 2682:1999 Xi mng pooc lng - Yu cu k thut
o TCXDVN 238:1999 Ct liu b tng - Phng php ho hc xc nh kh nng phn ng
kim silc
o TCXDVN 234:1999 Ni ct thp c g
o TCVN 6260:1997 Xi mng pooc lng hn hp - Yu cu k thut
o TCVN 6067:1995 Xi mng pooc lng bn sunpht - Yu cu k thut
o TCVN 6069:1995 Xi mng pooc lng t to nhit - Yu cu k thut
o TCVN 4787:1989 Xi-mng Phng php ly mu v chun b mu th
o TCVN 338:1988 Ct xy dng Phng php xc nh thnh phn khong vt
o TCVN 1772:1987 , si trong xy dng Phng php th
o TCVN4506:1987 Nc cho btng v va Yu cu k thut
o TCVN 1770:1986 Ct xy dng Yu cu k thut
o TCVN 1771:1986 dm, si v si dm dng trong xy dng Yu cu k thut
o TCVN 1651-1985 Thp ct b tng cn nng
o AASHTO M203M (ASTM A416M) Tao thp 7 si d ng lc khng sn ph, c kh ng
sut cho b tng d ng lc hoc
o AASHTO M275M (ASTM A722) Thp thanh cng cao khng sn ph dng cho b
tng d ng lc.

PHN 1: O V LP KT CU 1 - 1 -

PHN 1: O V LP KT CU
MC LC

1.1 TNG QUT
1.2 BN V THI CNG.
1.3 VT LIU...
1.4 THI CNG.
1.4.1 Chiu su mng..
1.4.2 Chun b mng v khng ch nc..
1.4.2.1 Tng qut
1.4.2.2 o trong dng nc
1.4.2.3 Mng trn ..
1.4.2.4 Cc mng khc..
1.4.2.5 Chp thun nn mng..
1.4.3 Lp t
1.5 O C V THANH TON
1.5.1 o c.
1.5.2 Thanh ton.
Ti liu vin dn..

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PHN 1
O V LP KT CU

1.1 TNG QUT

Cng tc o bao gm vic loi b tt c cc loi vt liu, d bn cht th no,
cn thit cho vic thi cng mng cu, tng chn v cc kt cu ch yu khc theo h
s hp ng hoc theo ch dn ca K s ( trong Tiu chun ny c hiu l K s
t vn gim st trng hoc i din ca ng ta).
Nu khng c cc quy nh khc trong hp ng, cng tc o phi k c vic
cung cp tt c cc thit b cn thit, vic thi cng v sau thu dn tt c cc vy,
ct chng v cc h thng khng ch nc cn thit cho vic thi cng cng trnh.
N cng phi gm c vic lp t cn thit, nu khng c quy nh no khc
trong h s hp ng, k c vic lu gi cn thit cc loi vt liu o ln c dng
lp li v em cc vt liu khng cn thit cho vic lp li, cho nn ng p
hoc theo quy nh i vi vt liu tha khng ph hp trong Tiu phn 203.02. Tiu
chun hng dn thi cng ng t ca AASHTO.
Nu hp ng khng c mt mc thanh ton ring cho cng vic ny th cng
tc o phi gm mi vic dn quang, o gc cy v d b cc kt cu hin c trong
khu vc phi o.
Nu c, vic phn loi cng tc o phi c ch r trn h s hp ng v
nu ln trong bn kin ngh.
Vic thu dn v em i cc vt liu t nhin hoc nhn to chn di t
c a vo trong cp loi cng tc o ti ni c cc vt chn vi , tr khi vic
thu dn v i nh vy c k vo cc hng mc khc ca cng trnh. Tuy
nhin, trong trng hp vt chn vi l nhn to th vic thu dn v i ca cc vt
ny s c chi tr nh cng vic lm thm v khi lng ny s khng bao gm
trong khi lng o c ca h o nu:
vic loi b vt cn dng n cc phng php hoc thit b khng
c s dng cho cc cng vic o khc trong n,
s tn ti ca vt khng c ch r trn cc bn v trong hp ng,
s tn ti ca vt c th khng c xc nh trong kho st hin
trng, k c vic gp phi cc cng trnh tin ch cng cng trong khu
vc,
nh thu yu cu nh vy bng vn bn trc khi thu dn vt .
Ch gii: Tiu phn 203.02 trong Tiu chun hng dn thi cng ng t ca
AASHTO.

1.2 BN V THI CNG

Khi c quy nh trong bn v hp ng, Nh thu phi cung cp cc bn v thi
cng, km theo nhng tnh ton thch hp v phng php o, thi cng nn p v
cc thao tc lp t. Bn v ny phi cho thy cc chi tit ging, chng, x l mi dc
hoc h thng bo v kin ngh s dng khc v phi km theo cc tnh ton thit k

v cc s liu xc minh chi tit cho php xem xt v k thut bn thit k
ngh.
Cc bn v thi cng bo v chng ln st phi np trc khi s dng c
thi gian xem xt, sa li nu cn thit v chp thun khng gy chm tr cho cng
vic.
Cc bn v thi cng phi c K s chp thun trc khi thc hin cng vic
c lin quan v vic chp thun ny khng gim nh cho Nh thu khi bt k trch
nhim no trong hp ng hon thnh tt p cng vic.

1.3 VT LIU

Vt liu dng lp khng c c cc cc b ng bng, g hoc cht c th
b mc rung hoc nguy hi khc v phi c cp phi sao cho t c cht yu
cu mt cch thch hp bng cch dng cc phng php m cht do Nh thu la
chn.
Vt liu thm nc lm rnh tiu nc ngm phi ph hp vi iu 704.01
Tiu chun hng dn thi cng ng t AASHTO nh sau: S dng ct cng bn
v sch, si cui, nghin hoc x nghin lp ho, xy rnh thot nc ngm
hoc cc mc ch thot nc ngm khc. Bo m vt liu thm nc khng cha
cht hu c, cc st hoc cc cht c hi khc.
AASHTO.

1.4 THI CNG

1.4.1 Chiu su b mng
Cao y b mng, nh cho trn h s hp ng, ch c xem l gn
ng v K s c th yu cu bng vn bn v cc s thay i v kch thc hoc
cao b mng cn thit m bo mt b mng tho ng.

1.4.2 Chun b mng v khng ch nc
1.4.2.1 Tng qut
Tt c cc kt cu phn di, khi c th, phi thi cng trong cc h o h v
khi cn thit h o phi ging chng hoc bo v bng cc vy thi cng theo cc
yu cu trong iu 3.3 vy v khung chng. Khi mng c th t kh khng
s dng vy, c th b cc khung chng vi s chp thun ca K s, ton b h
o c y b tng ti cao yu cu ca mt trn mng. Lng b tng
yu cu tng thm phi c cung cp v vi chi ph ca Nh thu. Cc h thng
khng ch nc tm thi phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong iu 3.4 H thng
khng ch tm thi mc nc.
1.4.2.2 o trong dng nc
Khi o trong mt dng knh hoc sng sui, tr khi c php lm khc,
khng c o pha ngoi cc ging chm, ci, vy, cc thp hoc cc vn, lng
sng thin nhin cnh kt cu khng c lm xo trn nu khng c K s cho

php. Nu o hoc no vt ti a im kt cu trc khi h ging chm, ci hoc lm
vy kiu dm hoc ti ch, sau khi nn mng lm xong, Nh thu phi lp tt c
h o ti mt t trc khi xy mng hoc y sng bng vt liu c K s
ng v khng c thm mt khon tin no. Vt liu o t mng hoc cc h
o khc c cht tm trong khu vc dng chy ca sng phi thu dn khu vc
dng chy khng cn b cn tr.
1.4.2.3 Mng trn
Khi mng t trn gc, gc phi khng c t ri rc, sch s v o
ti mt mt phng, hoc bng phng, nh bc hoc g gh, theo ch dn ca K s.
Cc khe ni phi lm sch v nhi y b tng, va hoc va phun trc khi lm b
mng.
Khi cn n mn b mng t n cao thit k, tt c cc mnh vn, ri
rc b ph thp hn cao chu ti phi c loi b hoc thay bng b tng hoc
phun va bng tin ca Nh thu.
1.4.2.4 Cc loi mng khc
Khi mng nm trn nn o khng phi l , phi c bit lu khng c
xo trn y h o v vic loi b cui cng vt liu nn ti cao d kin ch c
thc hin ngay trc khi b mng.
Khi t di y b mng khng c cc b xo trn, t phi vt i v
thay bng b tng hoc vt liu c chp thun khc bng tin ca Nh thu. Di
cc b mng c cc , th tch o qu hoc b xo trn phi c thay v lu ln
theo ch o ca K s.
1.4.2.5 Chp thun nn mng
Sau khi o xong, Nh thu phi thng bo cho K s v khng c b
tng hoc vt liu mng khc trc khi K s chp thun chiu su h o v c
tnh ca nn t.

1.4.3 Lp t
t lp phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 1.3 Vt liu. Nu khng c
t c cht lng ph hp ly t h o trong gii hn d n, Nh thu phi ly vt
liu t ni khc n theo ch dn ca K s.
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, tt c cc khong khng lp
khng b m, tr, hoc cng trnh vnh cu khc chim phi c lp li bng t cho
ti b mt ca t xung quanh, vi d tr cho ln. Tr khi c cc quy nh khc,
tt c t lp phi lu ln k cng ti cht ca t xung quanh, mt trn ca t phi
san gn gng. t lp xung quanh tr phi sao cho c gn cng mt cao cng
mt thi im hai bn tr. c kch thc ln hn 75 mm khng c ln trn
mt b tng. Thi cng nn t phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Tiu phn 203.02
Tiu chun hng dn thi cng ng t ca AASHTO.
t lp ti cc tng chn, m, tng cnh, cc tr khung trong nn ng
p phi ri thnh tng lp nm ngang khng qu 150 mm, c m ln tt v phi
lp ln trn tt c cc pha ca kt cu hoc cng trnh mt cch ng u. t lp
trong hoc bn di nn ng p, bn trong lng ng trong cc khu vc o,
hoc trc cc m v tng chn hoc tng cnh phi lp ti cng mt cht nh
yu cu i vi nn ng p.

Nu cha c K s ng , khng c lp trn bt c kt cu b tng
no. Vic t lp cng phi theo ng cc yu cu ca iu 8.15.2 Ti trng t.
Vic lp t trc m v tng cnh phi lm trc ht phng nga chuyn ng
ra pha trc. Khng c php xi nc vo t lp sau m hoc tng cnh.
Ti cc l thot nc phi b tr tho ng thot hon ton nc ca t
lp, phi t cc rnh tiu nc kiu Php gm t nht 0,06m3 vt liu thm nc bc
trong cc tm si lc ngn nga b tc hoc lt cc ht mn ca t p ra ngoi.
Vic lp cc cng kim loi v b tng phi thc hin theo cc yu cu ca Phn
26 Cng kim loi v 27 Cng b tng.
AASHTO.

1.5 O C V THANH TON

1.5.1 o c
Khi lng phi thanh ton cho cng tc o kt cu phi o theo mt khi.
Khi lng thanh ton phi xc nh t gii hn cho trn h s hp ng, hoc
theo lnh ca K s. Khng tr trong khi lng thanh ton ca cng tc o khi Nh
thu khng o t nm ngoi gii hn ca kt cu thc t nhng nm trong gii
hn thanh ton ca cng tc o.
Khi khng c cc quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc gii hn thanh ton
cho cng tc o kt cu c ly nh sau:
cc gii hn nm ngang s l cc mt phng thng ng cch
450mm pha ngoi ng gii hn mp b mng hoc mp ca kt
cu nu khng c b mng,
cc gii hn trn mt l mt t trc khi xy mng hoc nh ca mt
ct ngang san i theo yu cu, ly gii hn thp hn,
v cc gii hn pha di phi l y ca b mng hoc y ca kt
cu hoc gii hn thp hn ca h o theo ch th ca K s.

Khi mng nm trong nn ng p v cc Tiu chun k thut yu cu nn
ng p phi thi cng ti cao quy nh cao hn y b mng hoc y kt cu
trc khi thi cng mng, th cao quy nh ny c xem l mt t ban u.
Khi cn thit, theo kin ca K s, phi a mng xung di cc cao cho
trn h s hp ng th 900mm o su thm c tnh trong khi lng c thanh
ton theo hng mc ny. Vic o su thm qu su ny c thanh ton nh
cng vic lm thm, tr khi Nh thu tuyn b bng vn bn rng vic thanh ton theo
cc gi hp ng l chp nhn c.

1.5.2 Thanh ton
Tr khi c quy nh khc, cng tc o c quy nh trong iu 1.5.1 o c
s c thanh ton theo mt khi i vi cht t v loi o quy nh trong h s
hp ng.

Vic thanh ton i vi cng tc o kt cu phi bao gm y vic b p
cho tt c nhn cng, vt liu, thit b v cc hng mc cn thit khc hoc thun tin
cho vic hon thnh tt cng vic o ti cao y b mng hoc kt cu.
Phi xt vic b p y cho vic khng ch v tho nc khi cc h o
v cho vic cung cp lp t hoc thi cng cc vy, thanh chng v tt c cc thit
b khc cn cho cc thao tc, tr cc lp b tng bt y c th hin trong h s
hp ng, k c vic thu dn chng phi xt n trong gi hp ng i vi cng tc
o kt cu, tr khi hp ng quy nh thanh ton ring cho cng tc .
Gi hp ng cho cng tc o phi bao gm mi khon thanh ton cho mi
vic x l v ct gi t o dng cho vic lp li, k c cng vic lm kh cn
thit; v vic thanh thi t o ln cn tha hoc khng ph hp. Tr khi c quy
nh khc trong hp ng, mi vic dn quang, o gc cy hoc thu dn kt cu cn
thit, nu khng thanh ton trong cc hng mc khc ca h s hp ng, s c
xt gp vo gi thanh ton cho cng vic o kt cu.
Tr khi hp ng quy nh thanh ton ring, gi hp ng cho cng tc o
phi b p y cho vic v m ln t lp. Vic cung cp vt liu lp t cc
ngun ngoi h o s c thanh ton theo n gi hp ng i vi vt liu s
dng, hoc theo cng vic lm thm nu khng lp c n gi.

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO.1998. AASHTO Guide Specifications for Highway Construction, GSH-8,
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.

PHN 2: THO D KT CU HIN C 2 - 1 -

PHN 2: THO D KT CU HIN C
MC LC

2.1 M T
2.2 BN V THI CNG.
2.3 THI CNG.
2.3.1 Tng qut
2.3.2 Tn dng.
2.3.3 Tho d mt phn kt cu..
2.3.4 Thu dn cng trng..
2.4 O C V THANH TON

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2-3
2-3
2-4


PHN 2
THO D KT CU HIN C

2.1 M T

Cng vic ny bao gm vic tho d hon ton hoc mt phn, v thu dn
cng trng, hoc tn dng tt c cc cu, tng chn v cc kt cu ch yu khc
phi tho d c ch nh trong h s thu. Tr khi c quy nh khc, cng vic ny
cng bao gm mi vic o v lp cc ho, cc l hoc h o do vic tho d m c.
N cn bao gm mi chi ph cho h thng gim st mi trng v sc kho hoc cho
cc k hoch khc c th c yu cu.

2.2 BN V THI CNG

Bn v thi cng cho bit cc phng php v trnh t tho d:
khi cc kt cu hoc cc phn ca kt cu c quy nh phi tho d v
tn dng,
khi cng tc tho d c thc hin trn hoc lin k ng xe chy hoc
ng st, hoc
khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng.

t nht 10 ngy trc ngy d kin bt u cng vic tho d, cc bn v thi
cng phi np cho K s c chp thun. Cng vic tho d khng c bt u
trc khi bn v c chp thun. Vic chp thun ny khng gim nh trch nhim
ca Nh thu c quy dnh trong h s hp ng cho vic hon thnh tt cng vic.
Khi cn tn dng, cc bn v phi ch r rng cc du hiu ra t tn cc
phn on ring r ca kt cu.

2.3 THI CNG

2.3.1 Tng qut
Tr cc cng trnh tin ch cng cng v cc hng mc khc m K s c th
ch th cho Nh thu li mt cch nguyn vn, Nh thu phi san bng, tho d v
thanh thi mi kt cu hoc b phn kt cu c ch nh phi tho d. Tt c b
tng v cc mng khc phi tho d ti su t nht 600mm di cao mt t
hoc 900mm di cao lp mt nn ng, ly cao no thp hn. Tr khi c
cc quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, Nh thu c th hoc nh cc cc hoc ct
chng ti im khng t hn 600mm di mt t. Cc l hng li do vic tho d
kt cu phi lp n cao ca t xung quanh, nu nm trong khu vc xy dng
ng xe chy phi lu ln theo cc yu cu ca h s hp ng p nn ng.
Khng c dng thuc n, tr ti cc v tr v iu kin ni trong cc h s
hp ng. Tt c vic n mn phi hon thnh trc khi lm cng trnh mi.

2.3.2 Tn dng
Cc vt liu c ch nh phi tn dng trong h s hp ng dng li
trong d n hoc cho tng lai, phi thuc v ti sn ca Ch u t v phi c
tho d cn thn thnh tng on c th vn chuyn c v phi ct gi gn cng
trng ti v tr do K s ch nh. Nh thu phi khi phc v thay th vt liu h
hng hoc b ph hu m khng c n b thm.
Cc inh tn v bu lng phi tho ra khi cc kt cu thp c tn dng, phi
tho bng cch ty u bng mt ci c, sau t hoc khoan ra khi l, hoc
bng phng php khc m khng lm tn thng n cc cu kin s dng li v
c s chp thun ca K s. Trc khi tho tt c cc cu kin hoc on kt cu
thp phi nh du ch ni vi nhau bng sn theo s hoc bn v c K s
chp thun.
Tt c cc bu lng v inh phi tho khi cc tm g c K s coi l c th
tn dng c nh mt phn ca cc kt cu g tn dng.

2.3.3 Tho d mt phn kt cu
Khi kt cu phi m rng hoc sa i v ch phi tho d cc phn ca kt
cu hin c, cc phn ny phi tho th no kt cu cn li khng b h hng v
trong iu kin thch hp s dng theo d nh. Khng c dng cc phng
php c s dng thuc n hoc n ph trong mt nhp hoc tr tr khi phi tho d
ton b nhp hoc tr. Bt k h hng no cho cc phn cn li s dng Nh thu
phi sa cha bng tin ca mnh.
Trc khi bt u cc thao tc d b tng, gm c vic d mt phn ca mt
b phn b tng lin khi, phi ca su khong 25mm theo mt ng chnh xc dc
theo cc gii hn tho d trn tt c cc mt ca cu kin m c th nhn thy c
khi cng vic hon thnh.
B tng c c d b cn thn theo cc ng ch nh bng cch khoan,
c hoc cc phng php khc c K s chp thun. Cc mt l ra do kt qu
ca vic ph b phi tng i chnh xc v bng phng, vi cc gc thng, sc nt
cho php ni gn gng v kho lo vi cng trnh mi hoc tho mn s dng theo
d nh. Ch no c cc thanh ct thp hin c phi ko di t kt cu hin c sang
kt cu mi, phi ph b b tng v li cc thanh thp th ra, sch s v khng h
hng. Khi cc thanh thp th ra khng ko sang cng trnh mi phi c ct ngang
bng vi b mt b tng c.
Trong khi d b ton b b dy ca b tng mt cu trn cc dm ngang hoc
dc bng thp s c gi li, Nh thu phi ch khng cho cc cnh trn b vt
kha, vt khot hoc vn mo. Mi h hng phi do Nh thu sa cha theo ch dn
ca K s v bng kinh ph ca mnh. Cc sa cha c th bao gm vic mi, hn,
nn thng bng nhit hoc thay th cu kin tu thuc vo v tr v tnh cht nghim
trng ca h hng.

2.3.4 Thu dn cng trng

Bt k vt liu no khng c ch nh tn dng u thuc v Nh thu. Tr
quy nh y, Nh thu phi ct gi hoc loi b cc vt liu ny ngoi hnh lang

ng. Nu vt liu c thi b trn mt khu t t, Nh thu phi c giy php do
ngi ch t cp v phi np mt bn sao ca mi tho thun cho K s. Cc vt
liu ph thi c th vo a im ca Ch u t nu cc a im nh vy
c ni n trong cc h s hp ng.
Tr khi c cc quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, b tng ph b phi em
chn trong nn ng k bn, min l b tng phi p thnh mnh c th x l d
dng v chn vo trong nn ng p sau khng t hn 900mm bn di cao
hon thin v mt mi dc. B tng ph b khng c chn trong cc khu vc
phi ng cc hoc cch cc cy to , ng ng, ct, nh ca, cc cng trnh hoc
kt cu vnh cu khc trong vng 3000mm, tr khi K s cho php. B tng d b
cng c th bn ngoi hnh lang ng nh quy nh trn.
H s hp ng phi ch r mi vt liu c hi bit, bao gm lai lch sn. Vt
liu c hi phi c thanh thi ng cch v c ghi chp ph hp.

2.4 O C V THANH TON

Cng vic nh quy nh theo hng mc ny phi c o c cho tng kt cu
ring bit, hoc phn kt cu phi d b. Thanh ton c thc hin trn c s gi b
thu trn gi i vi vic d b mi kt cu, hoc mt phn ca kt cu nh quy
nh trong h s hp ng.
Cc gi v thanh ton nu trn phi b p y mi cng vic, nhn cng,
dng c, thit b, o, p, vt liu, thanh thi ng n v ph ph cn thit cho vic
hon thnh cng vic, k c vt liu tn dng khng s dng li trong d n khi vic
tn dng ny c quy nh v khng c thanh ton thm.
Vic b p cho vic ph d v tn dng vt liu c s dng li trong d
n phi c xem nh gm trong gi hp ng tr cho vic khi phc, xc nh li v
tr hoc iu chnh li cc hng mc c lin quan, hoc trong cc hng mc thanh ton
khc ca hp ng c th c ch nh trong h s hp ng, khng c khon b
p no thm cho vic .

PHN 3: CNG TRNH TM 3 - 1 -

PHN 3: CNG TRNH TM
MC LC

3.1 TNG QUT...
3.1.1 M t.
3.1.2 Bn v thi cng
3.1.3 Thit k.
3.1.4 Thi cng
3.1.5 Tho d.
3.2 GIO V VN KHUN...
3.2.1 Tng qut.
3.2.2 Thit k v thi cng gio..
3.2.2.1 Ti trng
3.2.2.2 Mng..
3.2.2.3 vng.
3.2.2.4 Tnh khng
3.2.2.5 Thi cng.
3.2.3 Thit k v thi cng vn khun.
3.2.3.1 Tng qut..
3.2.3.2 Thit k..
3.2.3.3 Thi cng.
3.2.3.4 Khun ng.
3.2.3.5 Cc vn khun li ti ch..
3.2.4 Tho d gio v vn khun.
3.2.4.1 Tng qut..
3.2.4.2 Thi gian tho d.
3.2.4.3 Phm vi tho d...
3.3 VY V KHUNG CHNG..
3.3.1 Tng qut.
3.3.2 Bo v b tng
3.3.3 Tho d.
3.4 H THNG KHNG CH CH TM THI MC NC..
3.4.1 Tng qut
3.4.2 Bn v thi cng
3.4.3 Thao tc vn hnh..
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-5
3-5
3-5
3-5
3-6
3-6
3-6
3-6
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-9
3-9
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10

3.5 CU TM.
3.5.1 Tng qut.
3.5.2 Cu trnh..
3.5.3 Cu cng v.
3.5.4 Bo tr
3.6 O C V THANH TON..
Ti liu vin dn....
3-11
3-11
3-11
3-11
3-11
3-12
3-13


PHN 3
CNG TRNH TM

3.1 TNG QUT

3.1.1 M t
Cng vic ny gm c vic thi cng v thu dn cc cng trnh tm thng do
Nh thu thit k v s dng trong thi cng cng trnh v nu chng khng c thc
hin ng n, c th nh hng c hi n tnh cht ca cng trnh hp ng hoc
gy mt an ton cho cc cng trnh tin ch k bn, bt ng sn hoc cng ng.
Cc cng trnh tin ch ny bao gm nhng khng gii hn gio, vn khun, vn
khun y, vy, khung chng, h vng vy ngn nc v cu tm. Phi gim thch
ng cc ng sut cho php, h s sc khng hoc cc ti trng thit k khi s
dng cc vt liu khng phi l mi hoc b h hng. Cc tnh ton phi bao gm
vic xc nh cc c trng mt ct c xt n h hng hoc tn tht mt ct n
chng mc c th.
Tr khi cho php khc i, thit k cng trnh tm phi da vo Tiu chun thit
k cu AASHTO LRFD vi cc h s ti trng quy inh trong iu 3.4.1 v 3.4.2, phi
tnh ton vi mi t hp ti trng c th.
Ch gii: FH WA ban hnh T vn k thut s T5140.24 vo ngy 29/10/1993 lin
quan n Cng trnh cu tm. B trng B giao thng Hoa K c quc hi ch o
bin son Tiu chun v hng dn dng trong thi cng cu tm. Vic sp gin
gio thi cng cu Maryland ng 198 qua cng vin Baltimore/Washington v thc t
l khng c mt quy chun hoc tiu chun quc gia no c sn v cng trnh cu tm
dn n vic giao nhim v ny.
Cc tiu chun hng dn, s tay v chng trnh chng thc l c ch lin
quan n phn ny ca tiu chun. Cc bang cng khuyn khch xem xt cc n
phm ny a nhng phn ph hp vo tiu chun ca S tay xy dng (xem
di) l mt cng c ch dn c ch cho nhn vin kim tra hin trng.
Cc n phm di y l cc ti liu tham kho c ch chun b tiu chun
thit k, thm tra v gim st cng trnh tm.
Tng hp v gin gio, vn khun v bc gin i li cho kt cu cu ng
t, Thng 11-1991 (FHWA-RD-91-062).
Tiu chun hng dn v cng trnh tm cho cu. Thng 11-1993 (FHWA-
RD-93-031).
Tiu chun hng dn thit k cng trnh tm cho cu Thng 11-1993
(FHWA-RD-93-032).
Chng trnh chng thc v cng trnh tm cho cu Thng 11-1993 (FHWA-
RD-93-033).
S tay xy dng cng trnh tm v cu Thng 11-1993 (FHWA-RD-93-034)
3.1.2 Bn v thi cng
Mi khi c quy nh hoc c yu cu ca K s, Nh thu phi cung cp cc
bn v thi cng vi cc tnh ton thit k v cc s liu cn c vi y chi tit cho
php xem xt li v kt cu bn thit k kin ngh ca mt cng trnh tm thi. Khi c
lin quan n b tng, cc s liu phi gm c trnh t v tc b tng. Phi

cung cp bn sao p ng yu cu ca K s v cc c quan khc c thm
quyn xem xt. Cc bn v thi cng phi np trc ngy s dng d kin khong
thi gian cho php xem xt, sa cha li nu thy cn, v chp thun m khng lm
chm tr cho cng vic.
Nh thu khng c khi cng bt c cng trnh tm no cn n cc bn v
thi cng trc khi cc bn v c K s chp thun. Vic chp thun ny khng
lm gim nh trch nhim ca Nh thu i vi kt qu t c do vic s dng cc
bn v ny hoc bt k trch nhim no khc theo hp ng.

3.1.3 Thit k
Vic thit k cc cng trnh tm phi ph hp vi Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD, hoc phi ph hp vi mt Tiu chun hoc Quy trnh k thut thit
k khc c xc lp v c chp nhn ph bin cho cng trnh ..
Khi s dng cc cu kin ch sn, thit k khng c t ti ln cc cu kin
ch sn ny vt qu mc ti trng do nh sn xut cc cu kin ch sn quy
nh. Mc ti trng dng cho thit b c bit, nh cc gin phc v lp rp, khng
trng hp no mc ti trng c vt qa 80% ti trng ti a chu ng c
trong khi th nghim ti trng thit b.
Khi c quy nh yu cu hoc quy nh trong h s hp ng, bn thit k phi
c chun b v cc bn v phi do k s chuyn nghip k tn.
Ch gii: iu 3.1.3 quy nh vic s dng Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD
hoc tiu chun hng dn thit k cng trnh tm cho cu, tr khi tiu chun c
tha nhn khc c K s chp thun Tiu chun hng dn thit k cng trnh tm
cho cu tham kho v ti trng thit k.
Bc gin gio tip cn bao hm An ton ngh nghip v Qun tr sc kho
(OSHA) cn cc gin gio n nh dng lp kt cu thp c thit k nh gin
gio.

3.1.4 Thi cng
Cng trnh tm phi thi cng theo cc bn v thi cng c chp thun. Nh
thu phi kim tra cht lng vt liu v cng ngh s dng c ph hp vi gi nh
khi thit k khng.

3.1.5 Tho d
Tr khi c quy nh khc, tt c cng trnh tm phi c tho d v vn l ti
sn ca Nh thu khi s dng xong. Khu vc phi c khi phc v tnh trng ban
u hoc theo trng thi d kin v dn sch rc ri, mnh vn.

3.2 GIO V VN KHUN

3.2.1 Tng qut
Bn v thi cng gio phi c k s chuyn nghip lp v ng du khi
chiu cao gio vt qa 4300mm hoc khi c giao thng di cu, khng k cng
nhn qua li di cu ang thi cng.

gio v vn khun phi cng v cng c mi ti trng
t ln n mt cch an ton v to ra ng nt v cp kt cu c hon thin theo
quy nh trong h s hp ng. Vn khun cn phi gp phn li cu trc v
nhm b mt theo yu cu v khng lm gim tnh ng u v mu sc ca b mt
c to khun.
Ch gii: gio c xem l mt kt cu tm thi no cc b phn kt
cu bng b tng, thp, gch xy hoc cc vt liu khc trong khi thi cng hoc lp
rp. Vn khun c xem l cc vt bao quanh hoc cc tm vn cha b tng lng
v chu ng cc lc do v m ln b tng. Cc vn khun c cc gio .
Cc xe c c dng trong thi cng c hng phn on l mt t hp ca vn
khun v gio.

3.2.2 Thit k v thi cng gio
3.2.2.1 Ti trng
Ti trng tnh ton i vi gio gm c tng cc tnh ti v hot ti thng
ng v mi ti trng nm ngang.
Ti thiu, tnh ti phi bao gm trng lng gio v tt c vt liu thi cng
m gio phi chu. Trng lng t hp b tng, ct thp, ct thp ng sut trc
v vn khun phi gi nh khng nh hn 2560 kg/m
3
i vi b tng thng v 2080
kg/m
3
i vi b tng nh.
Hot ti gm c trng lng thc t ca bt k thit b no phi nh cc ti
trng tp trung ti cc im tip xc v mt ti trng ri u khng nh hn 0,001 MPa
tc ng trn khu vc c cng thm 1,10 N/mm tc ng ti mp ngoi ca
cnh hng mt cu.
Ti trng nm ngang dng thit k h ging chng gio l tng s cc ti
trng nm ngang do thit b, trnh t thi cng, gm c cc lc thu tnh khng cn
bng t b tng lng, dng chy khi c tc dng v tc dng ca gi. Tuy nhin,
khng c trng hp no ti trng nm ngang tnh ton theo mt phng no
c nh hn 2% tng tnh ti.
Vi cc kt cu ko sau, gio cng phi c thit k chu c bt k
ti trng tng ln hoc phn b li no do vic to ng sut trc cho kt cu.
Cc ti trng do gio tc ng vo kt cu hin c, mi hoc thi cng
xong mt phn, khng c vt qu cc ti trng cho php trong iu 8.15 t ti.
Ch gii: Trong n v quc t, b tng trng lng thng thng c hiu l b tng
t trng thng thng v b tng trng lng nh c hiu l b tng t trng nh.
3.2.2.2 Mng
gio phi xy dng trn mt b mng chc chn an ton khng b xi di
chn, c bo v khng b ho mm v c th chu c ti trng t trn . Khi K
s yu cu, Nh thu phi chng minh bng cc th ti thch hp rng cc gi tr chu
nn ca t c gi nh cho vic thit k mng gio khng vt qu kh
nng chng ca t.
gio no khng th lm trn mt b mng tho ng phi c trn cc,
cc phi c b tr, ng v tho d theo cch c chp thun.
3.2.2.3 vng

i vi kt cu b tng c ti ch, vng tnh ton ca cc cu kin chu un
ca gio khng c vt 1/240 khu ca chng khng k phn vng c
b bng vng ngc to trc.
3.2.2.4 Tnh khng
Tr khi c quy nh khc, kch thc ti thiu ca cc khong tnh khng b tr
qua cc gio i vi cc ng cn phi m cho giao thng trong khi thi cng phi
ln hn b rng ca ng dn n t nht l 1500mm, o gia cc ro chn khi s
dng chng. Tnh khng thng ng ti thiu trn quc l v ng cao tc l 4400
mm, trn cc ng khc l 4300 mm.
3.2.2.5 Thi cng
gio phi thi cng v b tr dc cho php ln v vng d kin bao gm c
trc dc v vng ca kt cu vnh cu c ch r trn h s hp ng hoc theo
lnh ca K s. Khi K s ch dn, phi dng cc di vng ngc c chiu cao thay
i gia cc dm gio v cc khun y thc hin vic ny.
Phi dng cc kch vt thch hp, cc i nm hoc thit b khc ti mi ct :
iu chnh dc gio,
cho php iu chnh nh trong khi b tng hoc t kt cu thp phi
quan st ln lch so vi d kin, v
xt n vic lng dn ca gio.
Nh thu phi b tr o c chnh xc ln gio trong khi v bo dng
b tng.
gio hoc vn khun bn mt cu trn cc cu kiu dm phi c trc
tip trn cc dm chng khng b ln chnh lch ng k trong khi b tng. Cc
dm phi ging v neo chng li cc lc c th lm quay hoc xon trong cc dm
do b tng mt cu hoc cc vch ngang hoc phi cho thy l cho cc hiu
ng ny. Khng c php hn dm cha gio hoc cc thanh ging vo cc
cu kin kt cu thp hoc ct thp, tr khi cho php ring.

3.2.3 Thit k v thi cng vn khun
3.2.3.1 Tng qut
Vn khun phi bng g, thp hoc vt liu c chp thun khc, phi kn
va v c cng phng xon c hi cho mt b tng c to thnh do p
lc ca b tng v cc ti trng khc xy ra trong cc thao tc thi cng.
Vn khun dng cho cc mt b tng l ra nhn thy c phi to c mt
nhn c cu trc ng u v mu sc c bn ging vi mu sc khi dng g dn
chuyn dng. Cc tm lt cc vn khun ny phi b tr sao cho cc ng ni to
thnh mt s i xng ph hp vi cc ng nt chung ca kt cu. Phi dng
cng mt loi vt liu lt vn khun trong sut mi b phn ca kt cu. Cc vn
khun phi cng cho gn sng ca mt b tng khng vt qa 3mm khi
kim tra bng mt thc thng hoc dng di 1500 mm. Tt c cc gc nhn phi
to vt vi cc di vt cnh khong 20 mm.
Khng c b tng vo trong vn khun trc khi mi cng vic lin quan
n vic thi cng vn khun hon thnh, cc rc ri, mnh vn c dn sch, tt
c cc vt liu chn trong b tng c t vo ch i vi khi c v K s kim
tra vn khun v vt liu.

Ch gii: Vn khun ca kt cu b tng dng g dn tham kho Tiu chun sn
phm PSI G dn xy dng v cng nghip ca Vin tiu chun v cng ngh quc
gia.

3.2.3.2 Thit k
Vic thit k kt cu vn khun phi ph hp vi Tiu chun ACI K thut thc
hnh nn dng i vi vn khun b tng (ACI 347) hoc Tiu chun khc c
chp nhn ph bin. Khi la chn p lc thu tnh s dng thit k vn khun, phi
xt n nng sut b tng ln nht, tc ng m rung, nhit b tng v mi
cht ph gia lm chm ng kt hoc vt liu puzolan d kin s dng trong hn hp
b tng.
Ch gii: Thit k vn khun tham kho Thc hnh khuyn dng v vn khun b
tng ca ACI 347-78.

3.2.3.3 Thi cng
Vn khun phi t v gi chnh xc cc kch thc, cc ng nt v cc
dc kt cu trc v trong khi b tng. Vn khun c th lm vt hoc g vin ti
cc ch li nh nh tng, m bo d tho. Trc khi s dng li, cc vn
khun phi sch, kim tra h hng v phi sa cha nu cn. Khi vn khun c biu
hin b hng theo mt kiu no , hoc trc hoc trong khi b tng, K s c th
ra lnh dng vic cho n khi ch h hng c sa cha.
Vn khun phi x l bi trn bng du vn khun hoc cht tho khun khc
c chp thun trc khi t ct thp. Khng c s dng loi vt liu dnh vo
hoc lm bin mu b tng.
Tr quy nh y, cc thanh ging hoc neo kim loi nm bn trong vn
khun phi thi cng th no cho php tho chng ti mt su t nht 25mm t
mt b tng m khng lm h hi n b tng. Ch c th dng cc thanh ging bng
si thp thng thng khi b tng khng b l ra nhn thy c v khi b tng
khng tip xc vi mui hoc sunpht. Cc si thp ging nh vy, khi tho vn
khun, phi ct li vo t nht 6mm k t mt b tng bng c hoc km ct; vi b
tng ti phi dng km ct. Cc g lp dng cho thanh ging kim loi phi c
thit k sao cho khi tho chng, cc l li phi c kch thc nh nht c th. Cc
l ny phi nhi va xi mng v b mt li phi tt, nhn, u v mu sc ng
u.
Khi yu cu dng ct thp bc epoxy, tt c cc ging, neo hoc tng- kim
loi nm li trong b tng phi lm bng loi vt liu chng n mn hoc ph mt cht
in mi.
Vi cc tng v ct hp, y khun khng th vo c, phi m mt l
vo trong vn khun lm sch cc vt liu t bn ngoi vo ngay trc khi b
tng.

3.2.3.4 Khun ng

Cc ng dng lm khun to ra l rng trong bn b tng phi c thit k
v ch to thch hp hoc c x l lm cho mt ngoi khng thm nc. Trc
khi b tng cc ng ny phi c bo v chng g, ct gi v lp t bng cc

phng php khng gy ra mo m h hi. Cc u ca khun ng phi c np y
kn va v khng thm nc. Nu dng g hoc cc vt liu khc n ra khi b m
lm np ng. phi dng mt vng m bng cao su c sn dy 6mm xung quanh chu
vi np cho php dn n. Phi b tr mt ng thng hi PVC gn mi u ca mi
ng. Cc ng ny c lm thot hi tt cho cc l rng. Sau khi d khun ngoi,
ng thng hi phi c xn li vo trong mt y b tng hon thnh 15 mm.
Cc neo v thanh ging cho khun ng phi ng khng b dch chuyn
trong khi b tng.
3.2.3.5 Cc vn khun li ti ch
Cc vn khun y mt cu li ti ch, nh bng tn ln sng hoc tm b
tng c sn, c th c s dng nu c ch r trong h s hp ng hoc c ch
dn ca K s. Trc khi dng cc vn khun ny, Nh thu phi cung cp mt b
y cc chi tit cho K s xem xt v chp thun. Tr khi c ghi ch khc, cc h
s hp ng i vi kt cu cn dng cc vn khun tho ra c. Mi thay i cn
thit ph hp vi cc khun li ti ch, nu c chp thun, phi do Nh thu
chu chi ph.

3.2.4 Tho d gio v vn khun
3.2.4.1 Tng qut
gio v vn khun khng c tho d nu khng c K s chp thun.
Khi xc nh thi gian tho gio v vn khun phi xt ti v tr v tnh cht ca kt
cu, thi tit, cc vt liu s dng trong m trn v cc iu kin khc nh hng n
cng sm ca b tng.
Khng c dng cc phng php tho d c kh nng gy ra ng sut qu
cao trong b tng hoc gy h hi b mt b tng. Cc ct phi c tho sao cho
kt cu chu ng sut do trng lng bn thn ng u v dn dn. Vi kt cu vm
c hai hoc nhiu nhp, trnh t tho gio phi theo nh quy nh hoc chp thun
trong h s hp ng.
3.2.4.2 Thi gian tho d
Nu cc thao tc hin trng khng c kim tra bng cc th nghim
cng b tng theo mu kiu dm hoc mu hnh tr, trc khi tho gio hoc
vn khun phi tri qua thi gian ti thiu sau y k t ngy b tng, khng k
cc ngy nhit thp di 5
0
C:
gio i vi:
Khu trn 4300 mm 14 ngy
Khu 4300 mm v nh hn 10 ngy
M tr khung cha dm 10 ngy
Vn khun:
Khng trng lng bn thn b tng: 24 gi
i vi cc ngn hp bn trong dm hp v i vi lan can: 12 gi

Nu cng c b tng tng nhanh nh dng xi mng loi III hoc s
dng thm xi mng, cc thi hn trn c th c gim theo ch dn.

Khi cc thao tc hin trng c kim tra bng cc th nghim mu hnh tr:
Ch c tho d cc vn khun chu lc hoc gio sau khi thy b tng
t cng nn quy nh.
Khng trng hp no cc ct c tho d trc 7 ngy sau khi b
tng.
Vn khun khng c tho trc khi b tng c cng khng
gy ra h hng cho b mt.
gio ca cc phn kt cu cng ko sau ch c ni lng sau khi thp
d ng lc c cng ko xong.
gio mt nhp bt k no ca mt cu lin tc hoc khung cng ch
c ni lng sau khi cc yu cu ni trn c tho mn i vi tt c
b tng kt cu trong nhp v trong cc phn ln cn ca mi nhp k bn
vi mt chiu di bng t nht mt na chiu di ca nhp m gio c
ni lng.
Tr khi c quy nh hoc chp thun khc trong h s hp ng, gio phi
c ni lng trc khi lp lan can, tng nh hoc ro chn cho mi loi cu. Vi
cu vm, thi gian ni lng gio so vi thi cng cc b phn ca cu pha trn vm
phi c ch ra trn h s hp ng hoc do K s ch dn.
3.2.4.3 Phm vi tho d
Tt c gio v vn khun phi c tho d tr:
Cc phn ca cc ng lm gio di lp mt nn trn 300mm trong
nn ng, hoc 600 mm di mt t ban u hoc cao hon thin
ngoi nn ng, hoc 600 mm di cc gii hn xc nh cho lng knh
c chy tu.
Cc vn khun c b mng m khi tho d chng s lm nguy him cho s
an ton ca vy hoc cng trnh khc.
Cc vn khun trong cc khoang kn khng c li vo.
Cc vn khun mt cu trong cc ngn ca cu dm hp khng cn tr g
n vic lp t cc cng trnh tin ch cng cng nu trong cc h s
hp ng.

3.3 VY V KHUNG CHNG

3.3.1 Tng qut
vy phi c thi cng ti chiu su thch hp m bo n nh v
su bt khng cho nc vo. Chng phi c thit k v thi cng an ton, c
lm kn nc cn thit thc hin tho ng cng vic phi lm bn trong . Ni
chung, cc kch thc bn trong ca vy phi c khong trng thi cng cc
vn khun v kim tra pha ngoi ca chng v cho php bm nc ra ngoi vn
khun. vy b nghing hoc b dch ngang do qu trnh h phi nn thng v dch
li, hoc lm rng thm to ra khong trng cn thit. Tin chi ph do Nh thu
chu.
Nh thu phi khng ch nc chy vo sao cho b tng b mng c th thi
cng kh. Nh thu phi xc nh c cn lp bt y khng, nu cn th phi xc dnh

chiu dy ca lp bt y v thi gian bo dng cn thit v phi chu trch nhim
hon ton v cht lng bt y. Sau khi lp bt c bo dng, vy phi
c bm nc ra v phn b tng cn li c thi cng kh. Khi dng vy trng
lc v trng lng c dng chng li mt phn p lc thu tnh tc ng vo
y lp bt mng, phi b tr neo c bit nh cht hoc kho truyn ton b trng
lng vy trong lp bt mng. Trong khi v bo dng lp bt mng, phi kim
tra cao nc bn trong vng vy phng nga mi dng chy qua lp bt, nu
vy c gi li ti ch, n phi c l thot nc di mc nc thp.
Khung chng phi chu c tt c cc ti trng t vo v phi tun th
mi quy tc an ton cn p dng.
Ch gii:
Cc vy v khung chng gm cc kt cu dng gi t tm thi xung
quanh v nc ngoi cc h o v bo v ti sn hoc cc cng trnh lin k
trong khi thi cng cng trnh vnh cu.
Lp b tng bt y ph hp vi yu cu Phn 8 Kt cu b tng phi c
di nc di cao mng.

3.3.2 Bo v b tng
Cc vy c thi cng bo v b tng ti khi b h hi do dng nc
dng ln t ngt v phng nga mng b h hng do xi. Khng c dng cc
thanh chng hoc thanh ging hoc cc h chng trong vng vy m vo trong
hoc xuyn qua cng trnh chnh m khng c K s cho php bng vn bn.

3.3.3 Tho d
Tr khi c quy nh hoc chp thun khc, cc v h chng vi tt c cc
cc vn v thanh chng phi tho d sau khi hon thnh kt cu phn di, phi ch
khng lm ri hoc h hi cng trnh hon thnh.

3.4 H THNG KHNG CH TM THI MC NC

3.4.1 Tng qut
H thng khng ch tm thi mc nc gm c , knh i dng, mng nc
v cc cng trnh lm trch dng nc mt khc, h thng tng chn nc v bm,
k c h thng ging su v b lc ng kim, dng ngn nc vo trong cc h o
cho kt cu.

3.4.2 Bn v thi cng
Cc bn v thi cng ca h thng khng ch tm thi mc nc khi cn thit
phi bao gm cc chi tit thit k v thit b, phng thc thao tc vn hnh, v v tr
im hoc cc im thot nc. Thit k v vn hnh phi ph hp vi tt c cc yu
cu kim tra vic nhim bn v xi l ca nc.

3.4.3 Thao tc vn hnh

Vic ht nc ra khi khung vy mng phi loi tr kh nng nc chy qua b
tng mi . Khng c ht nc trong khi b tng hoc trong thi gian t nht 24
gi sau , tr khi bm t mt h thch hp tch ring vi cng trnh b tng bng
tng kn nc hoc phng php hu hiu khc c K s chp thun.
Ch c ht cn nc mt vy bt y sau khi lp bt y cng
chu c p lc thy tnh.
Bm t cc b lc ng kim hoc cc ging su phi iu chnh trnh lm h
hi cho ti sn tip gip do ln st.

3.5 CU TM

3.5.1 Tng qut
Cc cu tm phi thi cng, bo tr v tho d sao cho khng lm nguy hi cho
cng trnh v dn chng.
.
Ghi ch:
Cu tm bao gm cc cu i trnh dng cho giao thng cng cng, cu cng v v
cc kt cu khc nh cc cu bng ti do nh thu s dng.

3.5.2 Cu trnh
Khi c Ch u t cung cp thit k, cu trnh phi thi cng v bo tr theo
ng thit k hoc mt phng n thit k khc c chp thun. Khi cc yu cu
k thut cho php, Nh thu c th np mt phng n thit k kin ngh. Mi phng
n thit k khc phi tng ng v mi mt vi bn thit k v cc s liu do Ch
u t cp v phi c K s chp thun. Cc bn v thi cng v cc bn tnh ton
cho mi phng n thit k phi do k s chuyn nghip k tn.
Khi thit k khng c Ch u t cp, Nh thu phi lp bn thit k v cung
cp cc bn v thi cng cho K s xin chp thun. Bn thit k phi cung cp cc
khong tnh khng, tuyn, kh nng chu ti v cc thng s tnh ton khc quy
nh hoc c chp thun trong h s hp ng. Bn thit k phi ph hp vi Tiu
chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD. Nu khng c quy nh no khc v hot ti thit
k, phi dng 75% ca ti trng HL-93. Cc bn v thi cng v cc tnh ton thit k
phi do k s chuyn nghip k tn.

3.5.3 Cu cng v
Khi kin ngh lm mt cu cng v hoc cc cu khc cho thi cng khng dng
cho cng cng vt bn trn mt hnh lang ng cho giao thng cng cng hoc
mt ng st, phi np cho K s chp thun cc bn v thi cng vi thit k
hon chnh v cc chi tit bao gm c ti trng ln nht phi chu. Cc bn v ny
phi do k s chuyn nghip k tn. Bn thit k phi ph hp vi Tiu chun thit k
cu AASHTO LRFD khi c th hoc cc Tiu chun thch hp khc.
Ch gii: Thit k cu cng v tham kho Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO LRFD
2004.


3.5.4 Bo tr
Vic bo tr cc cu tm i hi phi c cc bn v thi cng, phi bao gm c
vic thay th chng trong trng hp b h hng mt phn hoc ton b. Trong
trng hp Nh thu b chm tr hoc tin hnh khng tho ng vic sa cha hoc
thay th, Ch u t c quyn cung cp nhn lc, vt liu v gim st cng trnh khi
cn khi phc kt cu cho giao thng cng cng c m bo. Ton b chi ph
ca vic khi phc v sa cha ny c xem l mt phn ca chi ph cho kt cu
tm. Khi Ch u t chi cc khon tin , Nh thu phi gnh chu.

3.6 O C V THANH TON

Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, vic thanh ton cho cng trnh
tm c xem l k vo tin thanh ton cho cc hng mc khc nhau ca cng
trnh m chng c dng v khng c thanh ton ring.
Khi trong bn danh mc hp ng c k n hng mc b tng bit y cho
vy, b tng ny c o c v thanh ton nh quy nh trong Phn 8 Kt cu b
tng.
Khi mt hng mc hoc nhiu hng mc ca cu tm, vy khung chng
hoc h khng ch mc nc tnh n trong hng mc b thu, vic thanh ton s
l s tin trn gi b thu cho mi kt cu hoc h thng c lit k trong danh mc
b thu v c thi cng v tho d theo ng cc yu cu ca h s hp ng. Vic
thanh ton ny bao gm vic n b y cho tt c mi chi ph lin quan n
vic cung cp mi vt liu, thi cng, bo tr v tho d cng trnh tm .

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO.1995. Construction Handbook for Bridge Temporary Works, CHBTW-1,

AASHTO. 1995. Guide Desigh Specification for Bridge Temporary, FSBTW-1,

AASHTO. 2004. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Desigh Specifications, 3
rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3
or LRFDSI-3, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,
Washington, DC. Available in customary U.S. units or SI units.

ACI.1978. Recommended Practice for Concrete Framework, American Concrete
Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.

FHWA.1991. Synthesis of Falsework, Formwork, and Scaffolding for Highway Bridge
Structures, FHWA-RD-91-062, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation, Washington, DC, Nov. 1991.

FHWA. 1993. Bridge Temporary Works, TS 140.24, Federal Highway Administration,
U.S, Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, Oct. 1993.

FHWA.1993. Guide Standard Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works, FHWA-RD-
93-031, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation,
Washington, DC, Nov. 1993.

FHWA.1993. Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works, FHWA-RD-93-
032, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington,
DC, Nov,. 1993. See also AASHTO GSBTW-1, listed above.

FHWA. 1993. Certification Program for Bridge temporary Works, FHWA-RD-93-033,
Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC,
Nov. 1993.

FHWA. 1993. Construction Handbook for Bridge Temporary Works, FHWA-RD-93-
034, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington,
DC, Nov. 1993. See also AASHTO CHBTW-1, listed above.

NIST.1995. Construction and Industrial Plywood, Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-95,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Gaithersburg, MD.
PHN 4: MNG CC NG 4 - 1 -

PHN 4: MNG CC NG
MC LC

4.1 M T
4.2 VT LIU...
4.2.1 Cc thp.
4.2.1.1 Sn..
4.2.2 Cc g.
4.2.3 Cc b tng
4.3 CH TO CC.
4.3.1 Cc b tng c sn.
4.3.1.1 Vn khun...
4.3.1.2 b tng..
4.3.1.3 Hon thin...
4.3.1.4 Bo dng v bo v
4.3.1.5 To ng sut trc
4.3.1.5.1 Bn v thi cng...
4.3.1.6 Ct gi v bc xp
4.3.2 Cc b tng c ti ch
4.3.2.1 Kim tra ng vch..
4.3.2.2 b tng..
4.4 NG CC...
4.4.1 Thit b ng cc...
4.4.1.1 Ba...
4.4.1.1.1 Tng qut.
4.4.1.1.2 Ba ri t do
4.4.1.1.3 Ba hi nc kh nn.
4.4.1.1.4 Ba iden..
4.4.1.1.5 Ba rung..
4.4.1.1.6 Thit b hoc cc phng php ph thm..
4.4.1.2 Cc ph tng ng cc.
4.4.1.2.1 m ba..
4.4.1.2.2 u truyn ng.
4.4.1.2.3 m cc...
4.4.1.2.4 Gi ba.
4.4.1.2.5 Cc dn
4-3
4-3
4-3
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-4
4-4
4-4
4-4
4-4
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-5
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-7
4-7
4-7
4-8
4-8
4-8
4-8
4-8
4-8
4-9
4-9
4-9
4-9

4.4.1.2.6 Xi nc..
4.4.2 Chun b ng
4.4.2.1 Cng vic cng trng.
4.4.2.1.1 o
4.4.2.1.2 Khoan trc ng cc c d dng
4.4.2.1.3 Cc l khoan trc trong nn ng p..
4.4.2.2 Chun b cc..
4.4.2.2.1 ai cc.
4.4.2.2.2 Lm nhn u.
4.4.2.2.3 Thp bt mi cc v vu cc.
4.4.3 ng cc.
4.4.3.1 ng cc th..
4.4.3.2 chnh xc ng cc.
4.4.4 Xc nh kh nng chu lc.
4.4.4.1 Tng qut
4.4.4.2 Phng php A Cng thc cc kinh nghim.
4.4.4.3 Phng php B Phn tch phng trnh sng........................
4.4.4.4 Phng php C - Th nghim ti trng ng............................
4.4.4.5 Phng php D - Th nghim ti trng tnh..............................
4.4.5 Ni cc
4.4.5.1 Cc thp..
4.4.5.2 Cc b tng.
4.4.5.3 Cc g.
4.4.6 Cc h hng..
4.4.7 Ct cc
4.4.7.1 Tng qut
4.4.7.2 Cc g.
4.5 O C V THANH TON
4.5.1 Phng php o c
4.5.1.1 Cc g, thp v b tng
4.5.1.1.1 Cc cp..
4.5.1.1.2 Cc ng
4.5.1.2 Mi ni cc, chp bt mi cc v vu cc..
4.5.1.3 Th ti trng...
4.5.2 C s thanh ton..
Ti liu vin dn..
4-9
4-10
4-10
4-10
4-10
4-10
4-10
4-11
4-11
4-11
4-11
4-11
4-12
4-12
4-12
4-12
4-13
4-13
4-14
4-15
4-15
4-15
4-15
4-16
4-16
4-16
4-16
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-18
4-19

PHN 4
MNG CC NG

4.1 M T

Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp v ng cc cc mng thuc chng loi
v kch thc ch nh trong h s hp ng, k c vic ct u cc hoc thi cng
mng cc khi yu cu. Quy nh cng bao hm c vic cung cp cc cc th nghim
v tin hnh cc th nghim ti trng. Cc phi ph hp v c lp t theo Tiu
chun ny ng v tr, ng cao , chiu su ng cc v kh nng chu lc cho
trn h s hp ng theo ch dn ca K s.
Tr khi c yu cu th cc, Nh thu phi cung cp cc cc theo ng cc kch
thc cho trong h s hp ng. Khi cn th cc, chiu di cc cho trong h s
hp ng ch l c tnh, chiu di thc t cung cp sn xut cc s c K s
xc nh sau khi ng cc cc th. Cc chiu di cho trong danh mc t hng ca
K s ch gm cc chiu di d tnh dng trong kt cu hon thnh. Nh thu phi
tng thm chiu di cho hoc b tng ti ch ni di u cc tng thm chiu
di cn thit ph hp vi phng php ng cc ca mnh m khng c n b
thm.

4.2 VT LIU

4.2.1 Cc thp

Thp kt cu dng trong cc mng phi ph hp vi Tiu chun AASHTO M
270M/M270 (ASTM A 709/A 709M) cp 36, 50 hoc 50W (cp 250, 345 hoc
345W) hoc ASTM A690/A 690M.

4.2.1.1 Sn

Tr khi c quy nh khc, khi cc thp hoc cc ng vch thp ko di ln trn
mt t hoc mt nc, chng phi c bo v bng cc loi sn quy nh cho vic
sn thp mi trong mi trng nhim cao hoc vng b bin nh quy nh trong
Phn 13 Sn. Vic bo v ny phi lm t cao 600mm di mt nc hoc mt
t ti nh ca thp l ra.

4.2.2 Cc g

Cc g phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M 168. Cc g phi c
x l hoc khng x l theo ch dn trong h s hp ng. X l bo qun phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 17 X l bo qun g.
Phng php ct gi v bc xp phi sao cho khng gy h hi cho cc. Phi
c bit ch trnh lm v nt b mt cc x l. Khng c s dng cc mc

xin, ngom hoc thanh xin. Cc ch ct hoc ch v, nt trn b mt cc x l
hoc l bu lng phi x l theo quy nh trong iu 16.3.3 G x l.

4.2.3 Cc b tng

Cc b tng gm cc b tng c sn hoc cc b tng c ti ch trong ng
vch thp. B tng xi mng Porland phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong Phn 8 Kt
cu b tng, tr khi trong h s hp ng quy nh mt loi khc, b tng phi l loi
A. Ct thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 9 Ct Thp v vic to ng sut
trc phi ph hp vi yu cu ca Phn 10 To ng sut trc.
Cc ng vch thp dng lm cc b tng c ti ch phi c b dy khng nh
hn b dy cho trong h s hp ng. Nh thu phi cung cp cc ng vch c b
dy ln hn nu cn thit c cng v cng cho php ph hp vi thit
b chn dng m khng lm h hi, v phng nga b vn do p lc t hoc do ng
cc cc ln cn. Cc thit k ng vch khc phi c chp thun trc bt k ln h
cc no. Cc ng vch cng phi kn nc loi tr nc trong khi b tng. Cc
ng vch c th c hnh tr trn hoc cn, hnh cn nhiu bc hoc kt hp c hai vi
cc on hnh tr trn.

4.3 CH TO CC

4.3.1 Cc b tng c sn

4.3.1.1 Vn khun

Vn khun cho cc b tng c sn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu chung i
vi cng tc vn khun b tng theo quy nh trong Phn 3 Cng trnh tm. Cc
khun phi b tr ch a my vo rung v san m b tng.

4.3.1.2 b tng

Vic vn chuyn v b tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt
cu b tng v cc quy nh ny. Phi c bit ch b tng sao cho to c
lin kt tho ng vi ct thp v trnh vic to thnh cc ti , t ong hoc cc
khuyt tt khc.
m bo ng u, b tng trong mi cc phi lin tc v phi m cht
bng cch rung hoc bng cch khc m K s c th chp thun. Vn khun phi
y trn, b tng tha phi gt i, mt trn c hon thin vi mt kt cu ng
u, bng phng tng t nh c to thnh bi vn khun.

4.3.1.3 Hon thin


Cc phn cc l ra nhn thy c phi c hon thin theo cc quy nh v
vic hon thin ct b tng. Phn cc khc khng phi hon thin, tr phn ni
trn y.

4.3.1.4 Bo dng v bo v

Cc b tng phi bo dng theo quy nh trong Phn 8 Kt cu b tng v
cc quy nhh ny. Ngay khi cc cng, trnh h hng chng c tho khi
khun v xp trong mt chng cc bo dng ngn cch vi nhau bng cc khi g
k.
Khng c ng cc trc khi b tng cc c t nht 21 ngy tui sau khi
c, trong thi tit lnh phi lu hn na theo quy nh ca k s. Cc b tng
dng trong nc bin hoc t sunphat phi c bo dng khng t hn 30 ngy
trc khi c s dng. B tng phi c bo v khng b ng bng cho ti khi
cng nn t t nht 0,8
c.

4.3.1.5 To ng sut trc

Vic to ng sut trc cho cc b tng phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca
Phn 10 To ng sut trc.

4.3.1.5.1 Bn v thi cng
Nh thu phi trnh hai b bn v thi cng cc b tng ng sut trc cho K
s ti cng trng. Cc bn v ny ghi r kch thc cc, vt liu, phng php to
ng sut trc, cch b tr b cp v cc lc to ng sut trc c kin ngh s
dng v mi ct thp b tr thm hoc b tr li so vi h s hp ng. Vic thi cng
cc ch c bt u sau khi cc bn v c K s chp thun.

4.3.1.6 Ct gi v bc xp

Vic tho vn khun, bo dng, ct gi, vn chuyn v cu lp cc b tng
ct thp c sn phi thc hin theo cch no trnh cc ng sut un qa mc,
nt v, tch lp hoc cc hu qu lm h hi khc.
Phi p dng cc yu cu thit k trong iu 5.13.4 ca Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD.
Cc cc dng trong nc bin hoc trong t sunfat phi c cu sao cho
trnh b mt b mi mn hoc cc tn thng khc l b tng bn trong.
Ch gii: Cc yu cu thit k ct gi v cu lp xem iu 5.13.4 Cc b
tng trong Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.

4.3.2 Cc b tng c ti ch
4.3.2.1 Kim tra ng vch

mi thi im trc khi b tng trong ng vch, Nh thu phi chun b
nh sng kim tra mi ng vch trn sut chiu di ca chng.

4.3.2.2 b tng

Ch c b tng sau khi vic h tt c cc ng vch trong vng bn knh 4500
mm ca cc hon thnh, hoc cng tc h ng vch trong phm v trn phi dng
cho ti khi b tng trong cc cui cng c c t nht 5 ngy.
B tng trong cc cc c ti ch phi cht ch v ng nht. Thay cho cc quy
nh lin quan n vic rung b tng nh quy nh trong iu 8.7.4 m cht b
tng, vic rung hoc xc b tng i vi cc cc c ti ch ch yu cu ti sau
1500 mm di mt t.
B tng cho mi cc phi theo mt thao tc lin tc duy nht vi dng b
tng hng xung di v vo tm cc m b tng bng va p. Nc tch t
trong ng vch phi c ht ht trc khi b tng. Sau khi b tng cng, b
mt trn cng phi c ct i loi b sa xi mng v l ct liu ra nh quy
nh trong Iu 8.8 Mi ni thi cng.

4.4 NG CC

4.4.1 Thit b ng cc

Khng c s dng thit b ng cc lm h hi n cc.
Tt c thit b ng cc, bao gm ba ng cc, m ba, u dn, m cc v
cc ph tng khc m Nh thu cung cp phi c K s chp thun trc khi ng
cc. c chp thun, t nht hai tun trc khi ng cc Nh thu phi np bn
m t thit b ng cc cho K s.
Mt khi kh nng chu lc ca cc c quy nh phi xc nh theo iu
4.4.4.3 Phng php B-phn tch phng trnh sng, Nh thu cn phi np cc
bn tnh da trn phn tch phng trnh sng, chng minh rng cc c th ng vi
lc hp l ti chiu di nh m khng b h hi.
Phi s dng cc h s c ch ca ba sau y trong phn tch phng trnh
sng:

Loi ba H s c ch theo %
Ba n ng kh nn/ hi nc
Ba song ng kh nn/ hi nc
Ba iden
67
50
72
Ngoi cc quy inh khc ca Tiu chun ny, cc tiu ch m K s dng
nh gi thit b ng cc gm c s nht ba cn thit cho mi 300 mm v ng sut
cc tng ng vi kh nng chu ti cc hn yu cu ca cc. S nht ba cn thit

theo tnh ton tng ng vi kh nng chu ti cc hn yu cu phi gia 36 v
120 cho mi 300 mm l c th chp nhn c i vi thit b ng cc.
Ngoi ra, thit b ng cc c th chp nhn c, ng sut cc tnh ton
do thit b ng cc sinh ra khng c vt qu cc gi tr di y:
i vi cc thp, ng sut nn do ng cc khng vt qu 90% gii hn
chy ca vt liu cc.
i vi cc b tng, cc ng sut ko khng c vt qu 0,25 nhn vi
cn bc hai ca cng nn ca b tng
c
theo MPa, cng vi gi tr
ng sut trc hu hiu, tc 0,25
c
+ ng sut trc, cc ng sut nn
khng c vt 85 % cng nn tr i gi tr ng sut trc hu hiu,
tc l (0,85
c
ng sut trc).
i vi cc g, ng sut nn do ng cc khng c vt qu 3 ln
cng thit k tnh cho php trong h s hp ng.

Cc chun s ny dng nh gi cc kt qu tnh ton xc nh kh nng
c th chp thun c ca thit b ng cc do Nh thu kin ngh.
Trong cc thao tc ng cc, Nh thu phi s dng h thng c chp
thun. Bt k thay i no trong h thng ng cc ch c xem xt sau khi Nh thu
np cc s liu tnh ton thit b ng cc c sa i. Nh thu s c thng
bo v s chp thun hay bc b cc thay i h thng ng cc trong vng 7 ngy
k t lc K s nhn c yu cu thay i. Thi gian cn thit np, xem xt li,
v chp thun mt h thng ng cc c sa i khng c to thnh c s cho
nh thu ko di hp ng.
Vic chp thun thit b ng cc khng lm gim trch nhim ca Nh thu
trong vic ng cc, khng h hng ti kh nng chu nn v cao mi cc cho
trong h s hp ng.

4.4.1.1 Ba

4.4.1.1.1 Tng qut
Cc c th ng bng ba ri t do, ba kh nn/hi nc, hoc ba iden
ph hp vi cc quy nh ny.
Cc ba ng cc, ngoi ba ri t do, phi c kch c cn thit c c
nng lng ng cc vi chi khng nh hn 2,5mm mi nht gi tr chu ti yu
cu.

4.4.1.1.2 Ba ri t do

Ba ri (trng lc) khng c dng cho cc cc b tng hoc cc cc c kh
nng chu ti tnh ton vt qu 30 tn (267000N). Khi cho php dng ba ri t do,
trng lng ba khng c nh hn 900kg v chiu cao ri khng vt qu
4500mm. Trong mi trng hp, trng lng u ba ca ba trng lc khng c
nh hn tng trng lng ca m ng v cc. Tt c cc ba trng lc phi c

trang b cc thanh dn ba m bo lc va p tp trung vo u ng hoc m
cc.
4.4.1.1.3 Ba hi nc kh nn
Trng lng phn va p ca cc ba kh nn/hi nc c s dng khng
c nh hn 1/3 trng lng cc v m ng, trong mi trng hp trng lng
phn va p khng c nh hn 1250 kg. Xng v thit b cung cp cho ba kh
nn/hi nc phi c nng lc duy tr, trong cc iu kin lm vic, p lc ti
ba do nh sn xut quy nh.

4.4.1.1.4 Ba iden
Ba iden u h n ng phi trang b mt dng c cho php k s xc
nh s va p ca ba ti mi thi im trong khi ng cc. Ba iden u kn
(song ng) phi trang b mt ng h o p lc bung ny, lm vic tt, lp gn mt
t k s d dng c c. Nh thu phi cung cp mt th tng quan gia
p lc bung ny v nng lng ba cung cp.

4.4.1.1.5 Ba rung
Ch c th s dng phng php rung hoc cc phng php ng cc khc
khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc bng vn bn ca K s. Tr khi chiu
di cc c xc nh t cc cc th ti, kh nng chu lc ca cc ng bng ba
rung phi c kim tra bng cch ng li cc u tin ng trong mi nhm 10
cc bng mt ba va p c nng lng ph hp o kh nng ca cc trc khi
ng cc cc cn li trong nhm.

4.4.1.1.6 Thit b hoc cc phng php ph thm
Trong trng hp su h cc yu cu khng t c bng vic s dng
mt ba tun th cc yu cu ti thiu trn y, Nh thu c th phi cung cp mt
ba c nng lng ln hn hoc khi cho php cn dng cc phng php ph thm
nh xi nc hoc khoan trc.

4.4.1.2 Cc ph tng ng cc

4.4.1.2.1 m ba

Tt c thit b ng cc kiu va p tr ba trng lc phi c trang b m
ba vi vt liu m c b dy thch hp ngn nga h hi ba hoc cc v m
bo tc ng ng cc ng u. m ba phi lm bng cc vt liu bn, c ch
to gi c cc tnh cht ng u trong khi ng. Khng c s dng cc m
ba bng g, cp thp v aming. Phi t mt tm va p trn m ba m bo
nn ng u vt liu m. m ba phi c kim tra vi s c mt ca K s khi
bt u ng cc v sau mi 100 gi ng cc. m ba phi c Nh thu thay th
trc khi cho php tip tc ng cc khi b dy m ba b gim qu 25% b dy ban
u.


4.4.1.2.2 u truyn ng
Cc cc ng vi ba va p phi lp khp vi mt u truyn ng thch hp
phn phi nht ba vo u cc. u truyn ng phi c tm thng hng vi tm
ba v cc. u truyn ng phi c dn hng bng cc gi ba, khng c lc
t do. u truyn ng phi kht vi xung quanh u cc sao cho ngn nga c
vic truyn cc lc xon trong khi ng trong lc gi cho ba v cc ng thng hng.
Vi cc thp v g, cc u cc phi ct vung v b tr mt u truyn ng
gi cho trc dc ca cc thng hng vi trc ba.
i vi cc b tng v b tng ng sut trc c sn, u cc phi phng v
vung gc vi trc dc ca cc phng nga tc ng lch tm t u truyn ng.
Vi cc loi cc c bit, phi b tr cc u truyn ng thch hp, cc cn
dn hoc cc dng c khc cc cc c th ng khng b h hi.

4.4.1.2.3 m cc
Cc u cc b tng phi c bo v bng mt tm m cc khi tnh cht ca
vic ng cc s lm cc h hng qu mc. Khi s dng g dn, b dy ti thiu t
trn u cc trc khi ng khng c nh hn 100mm. Phi b tr mt tm m
cc mi nu trong khi ng m b nn qu mt na b dy ban u hoc bt u
chy. Cc kch thc m ba phi phn phi nht ba trn ton b tit din
ngang ca cc.

4.4.1.2.4 Gi ba
Phi dng gi ba ng cc cc v ba trong cc v tr ng n trong
sut thao tc ng cc. Thanh dn phi thi cng theo cch cho php ba t do chuyn
ng trong khi gi thng hng gia ba v cc m bo tc ng ng tm ca
mi nht ba. Gi ba phi di khng cn dng cc dn v phi thit k sao cho
thng hng vi cc cc xin.

4.4.1.2.5 Cc dn
Ch c s dng cc dn khi c K s chp thun bng vn bn hoc khi
quy nh trong h s hp ng. Khi cho php dng cc dn, kim tra su h
cc sao cho l pht trin kh nng chu lc mong mun ca cc, th cc th
nht trong mi tr cu v c mi cc th 10 ng sau phi c lm di v phi
ng ton b chiu di khng c cc dn. Cc dn v cc phi c gi v duy tr
thng hng trong khi ng. Cc dn phi bng vt liu v kch thc sao cho cc cc
c th c ng ti chiu di c xc nh l cn thit trn c s ng cc cc c
chiu di. V tr v tim dc cui cng ca hai cc u tin c ng vi cc dn
trong mt b mng phi c kim tra xem c ng cc dung sai v v tr quy nh
trong iu 4.4.3 ng cc trc khi tip tc ng.

4.4.1.2.6 Xi nc
Ch c php xi nc nu c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc K s
chp thun bng vn bn. Khi khng cn xi nc nhng c chp thun sau khi c
yu cu ca Nh thu, Nh thu phi xc nh s lng tia xi, th tch v p lc
nc cn thit ti vi phun xi d dng t tip gip vi cc m khng lm nh

hng n n nh bn ca cc v tr cui cng. Nh thu phi chu trch nhim
v mi h hng ti ch do cc thao tc xi gy ra. Khi trong h s hp ng c quy
nh xi nc, thit b xi nc phi c nng lng cung cp vo mi lc mt
p lc tng ng vi t nht 0,7 MPa ti hai vi phun 20mm.
Trong c hai trng hp, tr khi c quy nh khc ca K s, cc ng phun
phi d i khi mi cc trn cao mi quy nh t nht 1500mm v cc phi ng ti
kh nng chu lc cn thit bng mt ba va p. Nh thu cng phi kim tra, x l
nu cn thit, v b tr tt c nc phun nhm tho mn K s.

4.4.2 Chun b ng cc

4.4.2.1 Cng vic cng trng

4.4.2.1.1 o

Ni chung cc chi c ng sau khi t o xong. Mi vt liu chn gia
cc cc phi c ly i ti cao chnh xc trc khi b tng mng.

4.4.2.1.2 Khoan trc ng cc c d dng
Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng, Nh thu phi khoan trc cc l ti
v tr cc ti cc chiu su cho trong h s hp ng hoc c K s cho php. Cc
l khoan trc phi nh hn ng knh hoc ng cho ca tit din ngang cc v
cho php cc thm nhp ti chiu su quy nh. Nu c tr ngi di mt t,
nh c cc tng hoc gp cc lp , ng knh l c th tng ti kch thc nh
nht lp cc. Mi khong rng cn li sau khi ng cc xong phi lp y ct
hoc vt liu khc c chp thun. Vic s dng thun khng c php thay cho
vic khoan trc, tr khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c php bng
vn bn ca K s. Vt liu t cc l khoan phi dn i theo chp thun ca K s.
Ch gii: Thun l mt thanh cng, ngn ng xung ri rt ln to thnh l
t cc vo.

4.4.2.1.3 Cc l khoan trc trong nn ng p
Cc cc phi ng qua nn ng mi p phi ng trong cc l khoan sn
hoc l thun qua nn ng p khi chiu su ca nn ng p vt qu
1500mm. L phi c ng knh khng nh hn kch thc ln nht ca tit din
ngang cc cng 150mm. Sau khi ng cc, khong trng xung quanh cc phi nhi
bng ct kh hoc si ht u ti mt t. t ly t cc l khoan phi dn i theo s
chp thun ca K s.

4.4.2.2 Chun b cc

Ngoi vic lm vung vn u cc trc khi ng, cc phi chun b thm
ng theo quy nh sau y.

4.4.2.2.1 ai cc
Khi cn ng cc g c sc chu hn 310.000N hoc khi iu kin ng c yu
cu khc, phi b tr cc ai, di hoc dng c khc bo v cc khng b ch hoc
x ra.

4.4.2.2.2 Lm nhn u
Cc g phi lm nhn u khi iu kin t yu cu. Khi cn thit cc phi bt
m cc bng kim loi theo thit k c K s ng , cc u nhn ca cc phi to
hnh dng cn thn m bo lc nn ng u trn mi cc.

4.4.2.2.3 Thp bt mi cc v vu cc
Thp bt mi cc bo v tt c cc loi cc khi d kin l kh ng v cc
vu cc c dng tng kh nng chu lc ca cc thp phi thuc loi cho trong
h s hp ng v phi dng ti cc v tr quy nh hoc theo lnh ca K s. Chp bt
mi cc bng thp phi ch to t thp c ph hp vi AASHTO M 103M/M 103
(ASTM A 27/A 27M).
Cc thp bt mi cc hoc vu cc no c s dng theo la chn ca Nh
thu phi c K s chp thun.

4.4.3 ng cc

Cc phi ng ti cc cao mi cc ti thiu v kh nng chu lc cho trn h
s hp ng hoc c K s chp thun. Cc cc b chi ln qu 6mm trong khi
ng cc cc ln cn th phi ng li.

4.4.3.1 ng cc th

Cc th v cc th ti trng tnh khi c nu trong h s hp ng phi
c cung cp theo cc chiu di nh v ng ti cc v tr v ti cao do K s
hng dn trc khi cc cc khc trong khu vc cn c vo cc th c lnh
ng. Tt c cc cc th phi ng bng ba xung ng (va p) tr khi c quy nh
khc trong h s hp ng. Ni chung, chiu di t hng ca cc cc th s ln hn
chiu di c tnh ca cc sn xut c th thay i theo iu kin t. Thit b
dng ng cc th phi ging ht thit b m Nh thu kin ngh s dng khi ng
cc tht. Vic chp thun thit b ng cc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Tiu
chun ny. Tr khi c K s cho php lm khc, Nh thu phi o t ti mi cc
th ti cao ca y mng trc khi ng cc.
Cc th phi ng theo cch m nht ba do K s xc nh ti cao c
tnh ca mi cc. Cc th khng t s nht ba quy nh trn y su trn cao
mi cc c tnh cho trn h s hp ng 300mm c php hi phc trong
mt thi gian t 12 ti 24 gi theo xc nh ca K s trc khi ng li. Khi c th,
ba phi khi ng trc khi bt u ng li bng cch ng t nht 20 nht vo cc
khc. Nu s nht ba quy nh khng t c khi ng li, K s c th ch th cho
Nh thu ng mt phn hoc c chiu di cc th cn li v lp li trnh t hi phc

ng li. Khi theo lnh ca K s, cc cc th ng ti cao ca bn v v khng
t c s nht ba yu cu th phi ni v ng cho ti khi t c kh nng chu
lc yu cu.

4.4.3.2 chnh xc ng cc

Cc cc phi ng vi sai lch khng qu 1:50 theo trc cc thng ng hoc
theo trc cc xin cho trong h s hp ng, tr cc cc dng lm tr gio phi
ng sao cho m cc c th t vo ng v tr m khng gy ra tc ng xu ln sc
chu ti ca cc cc. Cc cc mng sau khi ng khng c lch khi v tr cho trong
h s hp ng qa 25% ng knh cc hoc 150mm, ly s no ln hn. Mi ph
tn do tng kch thc mng hoc tng ct thp do cc cc b lch khi v tr phi
do Nh thu chu.

4.4.4 Xc nh kh nng chu lc

4.4.4.1 Tng qut

Cc cc phi ng ti kh nng chu lc cho trn h s hp ng. Kh nng
chu lc ca cc s do K s xc nh nh quy nh trong h s hp ng bng cch
s dng mt hoc mt t hp ca cc phng php sau. Phng php A, Cng thc
cc kinh nghim s c s dng khi khng c cc quy nh khc trong h s hp
ng.

4.4.4.2 Phng php A Cng thc cc kinh nghim

Khi khng ng ti chi theo thc hnh, kh nng chu lc nhn h s
ca cc s c xc nh bng cng thc cc kinh nghim. Tr khi c quy nh khc
trong h s hp ng, c th dng cng thc sau y:
Vi ba ri t do (trng lc)
P
n
=
(0, 6)1635
( 25)
WH
S +
(4.4.4.2-1)
Vi cc loi ba khc
P
n
=
(0, 6)166, 7
( 2, 5)
E
S +
(4.4.4.2-2)
Trong :
P
n
: kh nng chu lc cha nhn h s, hay danh nh, N
W : trng lng ca phn va p ca ba, kg
H : chiu cao ri, m
E : nng lng do mi nht ba sinh ra, J. Gi tr da trn nht ba thc t
hoc p lc bung ny quan st c (ba iden song ng),

S ; d xung su trung bnh tnh theo mm ca 5 ti 10 nht ba cui cng
i vi ba trng lc v 10 n 20 nht ba cui cng i vi cc loi
ba khc.
Cc cng thc trn ch p dng c khi :
Ba c ri t do (ba trng lc v ba n ng).
u cc khng b x ra, v vn hoc b cc h hi khc.
xung su (thm nhp) nhanh hp l v ng u.
ny tr li khng ng k.
Khng dng cc dn.

xung su theo nht ba c th o trong ln ng u tin hoc trong ln
ng li vi mt ba khi ng trc vi nng lng sau mt thi gian cc n
nh, theo xc nh ca K s.
Trong trng hp dng tia nc xi kt hp vi ng cc, kh nng chu lc
c xc nh bng cng thc trn t cc kt qu ng cc sau khi khng xi nc
na.
Ch gii: Cng thc k lc mi v cng trnh ENR c sa dng cho ti trng
nhn h s bng cch nhn vi tng cc ti trng nhn h s v chia cho tng
cc ti trng cha nhn h s. y khng phi l s hiu chnh thng k v do
khng th hin bt k s ci thin no v tnh khng chnh xc ni ting ca phng
trnh ENR. H s sc khng dng cho cc phng trnh ENR ph thuc vo
phng php c dng xc nh sc khng a k thut ca cc chu ti dc trc.
H s 0,8 l s trit gim tip theo ch dng khi s dng cng thc ENR.
H s 0,6 l xt n s khc bit truyn thng gia bin an ton gi nh trong
thit k v quy nh truyn thng trong Phn II ca Tiu chun cu.
Phn ny cn hay dng t K s-lp-bin bn (Engineer-of-Record) nn b i
v nhim v caT vn gim st Vit Nam l phi lp bin bn ri.

4.4.4.3 Phng php B Phn tch phng trnh sng

Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng, kh nng chu lc cc hn ca cc
c xc nh bng vic phn tch phng trnh sng. Cc tnh cht ca t, cc v
thit b ng cc s dng trong phn tch ny dc cho trong h s hp ng, hoc
theo xc nh ca K s bng cch s dng cc s liu do Nh thu cung cp, cc l
khoan th nghim v khi s dng cc th nghim ng lc cc (Phng php C).
Kh nng chu lc ca mt cc phi ly bng 85% kh nng chu lc cc hn
tnh ton ch ly theo phn tch pbng trnh sng cho mt mc thm nhp cho trc.
Khi kh nng chu lc cc hn c xc nh t phn tch phng trnh sng c
hiu chnh t cc kt qu th nghim ng lc cc th kh nng chu lc cha nhn
h s hoc danh nh phi ly bng kh nng chu lc cc hn tnh ton c t phn
tch phng trnh sng cho mc thm nhp cho trc.

4.4.4.4 Phng php C - Th nghim ti trng ng

Cc o c ng lc phi do k s lm trong khi ng cc cc gi l cc th
nghim ti trng ng. Kh nng chu lc cc hn ca cc s c xc nh vi vic
s dng cc dng c phn tch cc v kt qu ny c coi l sc khng danh nh.
Trc khi t ln gi ba, Nh thu phi chun b cho mi cc b tng v /hoc
cc g c ch nh c th ly c cc s liu o c tc sng v phi khoan
sn vo cc cc l gn thit b o cn thit. Khng cn ly cc s liu o c tc
sng trc khi ng cc thp. Khi o c tc sng, cc phi t v tr nm ngang
cch khi mt t v khng tip xc vi cc khc. K s s cung cp thit b, vt liu
v nhn lc cn thit khoan cc l trn cc lp cc thit b.
Nh thu phi lp cc thit b vo cc sau khi cc t trn gi ba, hoc
cung cp cho K s cc phng tin hp l ti c cc lp cc thit b sau khi
cc dng trn gi ba. Nh thu phi cung cp sn c kch thc ti thiu
1200x1200mm (1,44m
2
) c thit k nng c ti nh cc trong khi cc nm
trn gi ba.
Nh thu phi cung cp in cho thit b th nghim ng lc. in xoay chiu
cp ti cm phi l in 10A, 115 vn, 55-60 chu k. Cc my pht in hin
trng dng lm ngun in phi c trang b ng h o gim st cc mc in
th v tn s.
Nh thu phi cung cp mt bung nh bo v thit b th nghim ng lc.
Bung bo v phi c kch thc sn ti thiu 2400x2400mm (5,76m
2
) v mt mi
che cao ti thiu 2100mm. Nhit trong bung phi duy tr trn 7
0
C. Bung phi t
cch v tr th nghim trong vng 15000mm.
Nh thu phi ng cc ti sau ti thit b th nghim ng lc cho bit
t c kh nng chu lc thit k cho trong h s hp ng, tr khi c ch th
khc ca K s. Nu K s ch th, Nh thu phi gim nng lng ng truyn cho
cc bng cch dng thm cc m hoc gim nng lng ra ca ba duy tr cc
ng sut c th chp nhn c trong cc. Nu cc s o ca thit b th ng lc
cho thy ng khng ng tm cc, Nh thu phi ngay tc khc chnh li h thng
ng cc cho thng hng.
Khi K s ch th, nh thu phi i ti 24 gi sau khi thit b li c gn vo,
ng li cc th nghim ti trng ng. Ba phi khi ng trc khi bt u ng li
bng cch ng t nht 20 nht vo cc cc khc. Yu cu cc xuyn xung ti a khi
ng li phi l 150mm hoc tng nht ba ti a bng 50, ly trng hp no xy ra
trc. Sau khi ng li, K s s cung cp cao ct u cc hoc quy nh ng
su thm v th nghim thm.

4.4.4.5 Phng php D - Th nghim ti trng tnh

Th nghim ti trng phi tin hnh theo cc phng php xut trong ASTM
D 1143 bng cch s dng phng php th nghim nn nhanh ti trng tr khi phi
th nghim ti lc ph hoi ln st hoc ba ln ti trng thit k, ly trng hp no
xy ra trc. Thit b th nghim v h thng o phi ph hp vi ASTM D 1143.
Nh thu phi np cho K s chp thun h s hp ng chi tit v dng c cht
ti kin ngh do k s chuyn nghip chun b. Dng c phi c ch to cho php
tng dn cc ti trng khc nhau m khng lm rung cc th. Khi phng php th
nghim yu cu s dng cc cc chu ko (neo) sau c s dng nh cc vnh

cu trong cng trnh, cc cc chu ko ny phi cng loi v ng knh nh cc cng
trnh v phi ng v tr cc vnh cu khi c th.
Kh nng chu lc danh nh phi ly bng ti trng ph hoi.
Ti trng ph hoi ca mt cc th nghim chu nn dc trc l ti trng to ra
ln lc ph hoi u cc bng:
S
f
= S + (3,8 + 0,008D) (4.4.4.5-1)
Trong :
S
f
= ln lc ph hoi, mm
D = ng knh hoc b rng cc, mm
S = bin dng n hi ca tng chiu di cc khng c chng , mm
Cao nh cc th nghim phi xc nh ngay sau khi ng v ngay trc khi
th ti kim tra nng ln ca cc. Cc no b nng ln qu 6mm phi ng li
hoc kch cho v cao ban u trc khi th nghim. Tr khi c quy nh khc trong
h s hp ng, phi quan st mt thi gian ti thiu l ba ngy gia lc ng mt
cc neo no hoc cc th ti v lc bt u th ti.

4.4.5 Ni cc

4.4.5.1 Cc thp

Phi s dng cc c chiu di khi c th. Nu cho php ni, phng php
ni phi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c K s chp thun. Nn dng
phng php hn h quang khi ni cc cc thp. Ch cc th hn c cp chng ch
mi c hn.

4.4.5.2 Cc b tng

Cc b tng khng c ni, ngoi cc on ni ngn cho php y, tr khi
c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc bng vn bn ca K s.
Cc on ni ngn c th thm vo nh cc cc b tng ct thp sa li
cc trng hp khng d on trc. Sau khi ng xong, b tng u cc phi ct
b, li ct thp l ra mt on di bng 40 ng knh. Mt ct cui cng ca b
tng phi vung gc vi trc cc. Phi buc chc chn ct thp tng t ct thp
dng trong cc vo on thp th ra v t vn khun cn thit, ch cn thn
phng nga r r dc theo cc. Cht lng b tng khng c km cht lng b
tng dng trong cc. Ngay trc khi b tng, u cc phi xi nc k, cho kh,
sau ph mt lp mng xi mng, va hoc vt liu dnh kt ph hp. Vn khun
phi gi ti ch t nht by ngy, sau c tho cn thn v ton b b mt l ra
ca cc phi c hon thin nh quy nh phn trc.

4.4.5.3 Cc g


Cc g khng c ni tr khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc bng
vn bn ca K s.

4.4.6 Cc h hng

Phng php ng cc khng c lm dng qu mc v sai phm qu ng
lm cho b tng b v v nt, b nt n c hi, g b v v x ra, hoc thp b bin
dng qu mc. Khng c php kch p cc dch vo ng v tr nu K s cho rng
vic dch l qu ng. Bt c cc no b h hng do cc khuyt tt bn trong, hoc
do ng khng ng cch hoc ng lch khi v tr ng ca n, hoc ng thp hn
cao u cc c h s hp ng hoc K s quy nh u phi sa cha li
bng chi ph ca Nh thu theo mt trong cc cch c s chp thun ca K s i
vi cc c vn di y:
Phi rt cc ln v thay bng cc mi, nu cn, l mt cc di hn.
ng mt cc th hai k vi cc b h hng hoc cc b thp.
Cc phi ni hoc c di thm theo quy nh khc y hoc mt phn
mng c m rng chn cc ng cch.

Tt c cc cc b y ln do ng cc cc ln cn hoc do bt c nguyn nhn
g cng phi ng xung li.
Tt c cc vt liu v cng vic sa cha phi do Nh thu cung cp vi khon
chi ph ca h.

4.4.7 Ct cc

4.4.7.1 Tng qut

Tt c cc cc phi ct mt mt phng ng vi cao yu cu v neo vo
kt cu nh cho trong h s hp ng.
Tt c cc on cc ct b thuc v ti sn ca Nh thu v phi thu dn tho
ng.

4.4.7.2 Cc g

Cc cc g m g hoc i cc phi ca theo ng mt phng y kt cu
chng bn trn. Ni chung, chiu di cc trn cao ct b phi cho php loi
b hon ton mi vt liu b h hng do ng cc, nhng cc ng ti rt gn cao
ct phi b vo hoc loi b bng cch khc tt c cc vt liu b x, v hoc b h
hi khc mt cch thn trng.
Ngay sau khi ct ln cui cng cc cc g c x l ca mng, din tch
ct phi qut kn hai lp cht bo qun, sau l mt lp dy c hc n trn ph xi
mng hoc cht bt c chp thun khc. Cc g x l c cc ch ct l ra trong
kt cu th din tch ct phi x l bng ba lp vt liu bo qun ph hp.

Ch gii: Bo qun cc g tham kho Tiu chun gi gn g x l bo qun M4 ca
Hip hi bo qun g.

4.5 O C V THANH TON

4.5.1 Phng php o c

4.5.1.1 Cc g, thp v b tng

4.5.1.1.1 Cc cung cp
Khi lng ca mi loi cc c thanh ton s l tng s chiu di tnh bng
mt ca cc cc. Cc phi l loi hnh v chiu di c ghi trong h s hp ng
hoc c K s cho dng bng vn bn, c cung cp ph hp vi cc yu cu v
vt liu theo Tiu chun ny v c ct gi, i vi cc cc b tng c ti ch
h xong, trng thi tt ti a im cng trnh v c K s chp thun. Chiu di
ca cc cc, k c cc th do Nh thu cung cp thay th nhng cc trc y
c K s chp thun nhng sau b h hng trc khi hon thnh hp ng
khng c tnh vo khi lng thanh ton.
Khi cn ni thm cc, chiu di ni thm theo lnh bng vn bn ca K s
c tnh vo trong chiu di cc cp.

4.5.1.1.2 Cc ng
Khi lng cc ng ca mi loi c thanh ton l s lng cc chp
nhn c ca mi loi cc ng.
Vic khoan trc, xi nc hoc cc phng php khc lm d dng cho
vic ng cc, khi c yu cu hoc c php s khng c tnh khi lng v vic
thanh ton phi xt tnh vo trong n gi thanh ton cho cc cc ng.

4.5.1.2 Mi ni cc, chp bt mi cc v vu cc

Khi trn h s hp ng c nu cc mi ni cc, cc chp bt mi cc bo
v hoc cc vu ct t, s lng mi ni, chp bt v vu cc o thanh ton l s
lng cho trn h s hp ng hoc theo lnh bng vn bn ca K s, v thc t
lp trn cc dng cho cng trnh. Khng thanh ton cho cc mi ni, chp bt v vu
cc c dng theo phng n ca Nh thu. Khi khng c nu trong h s hp
ng, cc mi ni, chp bt hoc vu do K s ra lnh s c thanh ton theo cng
vic lm thm.

4.5.1.3 Th ti trng

Khi lng th ti trng c thanh ton l s lng th nghim ti trng
hon thnh v c chp thun, tr cc th nghim ti trng c lm theo ca
Nh thu khng c k vo khi lng o c thanh ton.

Cc cc neo v cc th lm th nghim ti trng, d c nm trong cng
trnh vnh cu hay khng, c tnh nh cc cc cung cp v ng v c
thanh ton theo hng mc thch hp.

4.5.2 C s thanh ton

Cc khi lng c xc nh nh quy nh, c thanh ton theo n gi
trong h s hp ng cho n v o c tng ng cho tng loi, vi mi loi hng
mc thanh ton chung lit k di y i vi mi kch thc v loi cc cho trong h
s hp ng:
Hng mc thanh ton n v thanh ton
Cc cp
Cc ng
Cc th cp
Cc th ng
Th ti trng cc (tnh)
Th ti trng cc (ng)
Mi ni
Chp bt
Vu cc
Mt di
Ci
Mt di
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci

Vic thanh ton cho vic cung cp cc bao gm mi chi ph lin quan trong vic
cung cp v giao cc, k c ng vch cho cc cc c ti ch, ti cng trng v tt
c cc chi ph lin quan n vic cung cp v c b tng v t ct thp i vi cc
cc c ti ch.
Vic thanh ton cho vic ng cc phi n b y cho mi chi ph lin quan
trong vic ng v ct thc s cc cc v ng vch, v cho tt c cc chi ph cha
c n b trong cc hng mc thanh ton khc lin quan ti vic cung cp nhn
lc, thit b v vt liu dng thi cng cc cc nh cho trn h s hp ng. Khi
vic huy ng my mc v thit b cho d n khng c thanh ton ring, vic thanh
ton cho vic ng cc cng phi k n vic n b y cho chi ph huy ng tt
c cc thit b cn thit bc d v ng cc sau khi cc cc c giao ti cng
trng.
Vic thanh ton cho cc th nghim ti trng bao gm vic n b y cho
vic cung cp nhn lc, thit b v vt liu cn thit cho vic thc hin cc th nghim
ti trng nh quy nh.
Vic thanh ton theo cc hng mc chi tr thch hp i vi cc mi ni cc,
cc chp bt v vu cc bao gm vic n b y cho tt c cc chi ph lin quan
n vic cung cp tt c vt liu v thc hin cng vic bao gm vic gn vo hoc
lp t cc mi ni, cc chp bt v vu vo cc.


Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 2002. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridge, 17
th
Edition, HB-17,

AASHTO. 2004. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 3
rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3
Wahington, DC. Available in customary U.S. units or SI units.

AASHTO. 2004. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of
Sampling and Testing, 24
th
Edition, HM-24, American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.

AWPA. 2002. Standard for the Care of Preservative- Treated Wood Products, AWPA-
M4-02, American Wood-Preserverss Association, Selma, AL.

Engineering News-Record formula. Based on a formula published in 1888 by A.M.
Wellington, editor of Engineering News-Record, New York, NY.

PHN 5: CC KHOAN V GING KHOAN 5 - 1 -

PHN 5: CC KHOAN V GING KHOAN
MC LC

5.1 M T
5.2 BN V THI CNG.
5.3 VT LIU...
5.3.1 B tng
5.3.2 Ct thp..
5.3.3 ng vch
5.4 THI CNG.
5.4.1 Bo v cc kt cu hin c..
5.4.2 Trnh t thi cng
5.4.3 Cc phng php v thit b chung...
5.4.4 Phng php thi cng kh..
5.4.5 Phng php thi cng t..
5.4.6 Phng php thi cng ng vch tm thi.
5.4.7 Phng php thi cng ng vch vnh cu
5.4.8 Cc phng php thi cng khc
5.4.9 Cng tc o..
5.4.10 ng vch..
5.4.11 Va khoan
5.4.12 Kim tra l khoan o
5.4.13 Thi cng v t lng ct thp
5.4.14 b tng, bo dng v bo v b tng.
5.4.15 Cc th v cc m rng chn.
5.4.16 Dung sai thi cng ...
5.4.17 Th nghim tnh ng nht..
5.5 CC TH NGHIM TI TRNG CC KHOAN.
5.6 O C V THANH TON
5.6.1 o c.
5.6.1.1 Cc khoan...
5.6.1.2 Mng m rng chn......
5.6.1.3 Cc th
5.6.1.4 Phn m rng th nghim...
5.6.1.5 Thm d..
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-4
5-4
5-4
5-4
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-8
5-8
5-9
5-9
5-10
5-10
5-11
5-11
5-11
5-11
5-11
5-11
5-11

5.6.1.6 ng vch vnh cu
5.6.1.7 Th ti.
5.6.2 Thanh ton.
5.6.2.1 Cc khoan..
5.6.2.2 Mng m rng chn..
5.6.2.3 Cc th
5.6.2.4 Phn m rng th nghim..
5.6.2.5 L thm d..
5.6.2.7 Th ti.

5-11
5-12
5-12
5-12
5-12
5-12
5-12
5-12
5-13
5-13


PHN 5
CC KHOAN V GING KHOAN

5.1 M T

Cng vic ny bao gm vic thi cng cc cc khoan v ging khoan, c hoc
khng c mng loe, k c vic t ct thp v b tng theo ng cc h s hp
ng v cc quy nh ny.
Ch gii: . Trong phn ny thut ng cc c ngha l cc hoc ging.

5.2 BN V THI CNG

Khi h s hp ng yu cu, t nht bn tun l trc khi bt u cng vic
khoan cc, Nh thu phi np cho K s xem xt v chp thun k hoch thi cng
cc khoan. H s np phi bao gm:
Danh mc thit b ngh s dng, gm cn cu, my khoan, mi khoan,
thng vt bn, thit b lm sch sau cng, thit b lc ct, bm va st, thit
b ly mu, cc phu hoc cc bm b tng, ng vch vv
Trnh t chi tit thao tc thi cng chung v trnh t thi cng cc khoan trong
cc tr khung hoc nhm cc.
Chi tit cc phng php thi cng cc khoan.
Khi cn n va st, chi tit ca phng php kin ngh trn, lun
chuyn v lc ct trong va st.
Chi tit cc phng php lm sch h khoan.
Chi tit t ct thp k c cc phng php v t ng tm.
Chi tit b tng, bo dng v bo v.
Chi tit mi th nghim ti trng yu cu.
Thng tin khc cho trn h s hp ng hoc do K s yu cu.

Nh thu ch c bt u thi cng cc cc khoan sau khi cc bn v thi cng
ca chng c K s chp thun. Vic chp thun ny khng gim nh trch
nhim ca Nh thu v cc kt qu t c do s dng cc bn v ny hoc bt k
trch nhim no khc ca Nh thu theo h s hp ng.

5.3 VT LIU

5.3.1 B tng

B tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. B tng
phi l loi A tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.

5.3.2 Ct thp

Ct thp phi ph hp cc yu cu ca Phn 9 Ct thp.

5.3.3 ng vch

ng vch no c coi l mt phn ca cng trnh vnh cu phi ph hp vi
cc yu cu ca Phn 11 Kt cu thp. Thp phi l loi AASHTO M270M/M270
(ASTM A709/A 709M) cp 36 (cp 250) tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp
ng.

5.4 THI CNG

5.4.1 Bo v cc kt cu hin c

Phi dng mi cch phng nga hp l phng h hng cho cc kt cu
hin c v cng trnh tin ch cng cng. Cc bin php ny phi bao gm, nhng
khng ch hn ch vic la chn cc phng php thi cng v cc phng thc
ngn nga vic ln st qu mc khi ly t trong cc, gim st v kim tra cc rung
ng do h cc ng vch hoc cc vn, khoan cc hoc do n mn nu c php.

5.4.2 Trnh t thi cng

Mi vic o mng trong cc cc khoan c thi cng phi hon thnh
trc khi vic thi cng cc bt u.
Tr khi h s hp ng quy nh khc, ni no cc khoan c thi cng cng
vi vic p nn ng, chng phi thi cng sau khi p t.

5.4.3 Cc phng php v thit b chung

Phi tin hnh o theo yu cu ca cc khoan v mng loe xuyn qua bt
c loi t no gp phi, theo cc kch thc v cao cho trn h s hp ng
hoc theo lnh ca K s. Cc phng php v thit b s dng phi ph hp vi cc
mc ch nh lm v t phi gp. Ni chung, thng dng phng php kh,
phng php t, phng php ng vch tm thi, phng php ng vch vnh cu
tu theo cn thit to ra cc mng b tng tt, bn khng c khuyt tt. Phng
php ng vch vnh cu ch dng khi h s hp ng yu cu hoc c K s cho
php. Khi h s hp ng yu cu mt phng php thi cng no , phi s dng
phng php . Nu khng quy nh phi dng phng php no, Nh thu phi la
chn v s dng phng php cn thit hon thnh tt cng trnh tu theo cc iu
kin ti ch v c K s chp thun.


5.4.4 Phng php thi cng kh

Ch c dng phng php thi cng kh ti cc a im m mc nc ngm
v cc iu kin a im ph hp cho php thi cng cc trong h o tng i
kh, v khi mt bn v chn ct n nh v c th kim tra bng mt trc khi b
tng.
Ch gii: Phng php kh gm c khoan h ct, rt nc tch t v loi b vt
liu ri rc khi h o, b tng cc trong h o tng i kh.

5.4.5 Phng php thi cng t

Phi s dng phng php thi cng t ti cc a im m cch o kh
khng th duy tr b tng cc.
Phi b tr cc ng vch tm thi trn b mt gip cho vic nh v v tr v
tuyn cc, ngn nga nh h o b st, tr khi chng minh c cho K s tho
mn l khng cn n ng vch trn mt.
Ch gii: Phng php ny gm c vic s dng nc hoc va khong
duy tr n nh ca chu vi l trong khi tin hnh o ti su cui cng, t lng
thp v b tng. Phng php ny c th yu cu loi b ct v lm sch va st;
lm sch cui cng l o bng gu tt, my ht kh nn, bm t chm hoc cc thit
b khc; b tng cc vi mt ci phu hoc bm b tng.

5.4.6 Phng php thi cng ng vch tm thi

Phi dng phng php thi cng ng vch tm thi ti cc a im m cc
phng php thi cng kh hoc t khng thch hp.
Nh mt phng n khc ca phng php o t, ng vch tm thi c th
t bng cch ng hoc rung trc khi o ti cc gii hn cao thp hn lp t
st.
Trc khi rt ng vch v trong khi ang rt ng vch, cao b tng ti
trong ng vch phi cao sao cho mi cht lng tp trung sau ng vch c dch
chuyn ln trn m khng lm bn b tng cc.
Ch gii: phng php ny gm c vic tin hnh o qua lp t d st bng
phng php t nh m t trong iu 5.4.5 Phng php thi cng t. Khi o ti
mt lp gn nh khng thm nc, t mt ng vch trong l v kht kn trong lp gn
nh khng thm nc. Sau khi dung dch khoan b ht i khi ng vch, c th tin
hnh khoan theo phng php kh tr khi ng vch phi rt ln khi b tng cc.
nu tnh hnh nc r ngn cn vic s dng phng php kh, vic o phi hon
thnh theo phng php t. C th b va st nu c th t ng vch m ch gy ra
st rt nh trong l.


5.4.7 Phng php thi cng ng vch vnh cu

Phi dng phng php thi cng ng vch vnh cu khi h s hp ng yu
cu. Nu khng th h chiu su thm nhp, K s c th yu cu o t trong
phn chn ngp ca ng vch hoc o mt l dn di chn ng vch cho ti khi
ng vch t thm nhp cn thit. Trong mt s trng hp c th cn n vic
khot rng thm ng knh ngoi ca ng vch a ng vch xung.
ng vch phi lin tc gia cc cao cho trn h s hp ng. Khng c
dng ng vch tm thi thay cho hoc thm vo ng vch vnh cu, tr khi quy nh
trong h s hp ng hoc cho php bng vn bn ca K s.
Sau khi t ng vch v o cc xong, ng vch phi ct ti cao quy nh,
t ct thp v b tng vo trong phn ng vch li ti ch.
Ch gii; Phng php ny gm c vic ng hoc xoay mt ng vch ti chiu
su quy nh trc khi vic o bt u.

5.4.8 Cc phng php thi cng khc

Nh thu c th ngh cc phng php thi cng khc ngn nga t st
v khng ch nc ngm. Cc kin ngh ny phi np theo iu 5.2 Bn v thi cng
km theo cc s liu chng minh.

5.4.9 Cng tc o

Cao y ca cc khoan cho trn bn v c th iu chnh trong thi cng nu
K s xc nh rng t nn gp phi trong khi o khng ph hp hoc khc vi loi
t d kin trong thit k cc khoan.
Nh thu phi ly cc mu t hoc li khi c nu trong h s hp ng
hoc theo ch dn ca K s xc nh tnh cht t trc tip bn di h o.
K s s kim tra cc mu hoc li t xc nh su yu cu cui cng ca
h o cc khoan.
t o ly ra khi l khoan v mi dung dch khoan phi dn b theo h s
hp ng hoc theo ch th ca K s.
Khi trn h s hp ng c nu dn cc mng loe, chng phi c o
to thnh mt din tch chu nn c kch thc v hnh dng cho. Ming loe phi
o bng phng php c gii.

5.4.10 ng vch

ng vch phi bng kim loi, nhn, sch, kn nc v c d cng chu
c cc ng sut khi cu v khi ng v chu c p lc ca c b tng v ca cc
loi t xung quanh. ng knh ngoi ca ng vch khng c nh hn kch thc
quy nh ca cc.

Phi rt cc ng vch tm thi ln khi b tng cn cha ng cng. Ni chung,
vic rt ng vch tm thi ch c bt u sau khi b tng trong cc ti mt t
hoc trn mt t. c php lm ng vch c th chuyn ng bng cch quay, tc
ng p lc xung v v d rt ln hoc rt bng ba rung. Vic rt ng vch phi
lm vi tc chm, vi lc ko ng u theo trc dc.
Phi duy tr mt ct b tng bn trn y ng vch thng c p lc
thu tnh ca nc hoc dung dch khoan bn ngoi ng vch.

5.4.11 Va khoan

Va trong qu trnh khoan phi l loi va khong, va phi c c ht khong
cht l lng vi cc c trng nht v keo vn chuyn t o ti h thng
phn loi ph hp. T l phn trm v trng lng ring ca vt liu dng lm cht l
lng phi duy tr n nh ca l o v cho php b tng ng n. Cao
va phi duy tr ti mt chiu cao phng nga l b st.
Va khong phi trn k trc vi nc ngt sch v vi thi gian cho vic
hydrat ho trc khi a vo trong l o. Phi cn n cc thng cha va thch
hp khi c quy nh. Khng c php lm cc h cha va khi c yu cu thng
cha va trong d n, tr khi c php bng vn bn ca K s. Khi c quy nh trong
h s hp ng phi c thit b loi b ct thch hp. Phi c cc bin php ngn
chn va b ng cng trong l cc, nh khuy, tun hon hoc iu chnh cc tnh
cht ca va.
Nh thu phi tin hnh cc th nghim kim tra bng cc dng c ph hp i
vi va khong xc nh t trng, nht v pH. Trong bng sau cho phm vi
c th chp nhn c ca cc gi tr i vi cc tnh cht vt l ny.

Bng 5.4.11-1 Phm vi cc gi tr 20
o
C
Tnh cht, n v lc a va vo lc b tng
trong l
Phng php
th nghim
T trng (kg/m3) 1030 -1110 1030 - 1200 Cn t trng
nht (S/L) 30 48 30 48 Hnh nn
pH 8 11 8 11 Giy hoc thc
o pH

Cc chun s sau y dng cho Bng 5.4.11-1
Tng gi tr t trng thm 32 kg/m
3
trong nc mn.
Nu cn loi b ct; hm lng ct khng c vt qu 4% (theo th tch)
bt c im no trong l o xc nh theo th nghim hm lng ct ca
Vin Du m M.


Cc th nghim xc nh cc gi tr t trng, nht v pH phi lm trong
khi o l cc xc nh kiu lm vic ph hp.
Trc khi b tng cc, cc mu va phi ly t y v ti cc khong cch
khng qu 3000mm trn ton b chiu cao va. Mi phn va b nhim bn nng
tch t y cc phi loi b. Va khong phi trong phm v cc yu cu k thut
ngay trc khi b tng.

5.4.12 Kim tra l khoan o

Nh thu phi cung cp thit b kim tra cc kch thc v thng ca mi
l cc. Cc kch thc v thng phi do Nh thu xc nh c s ch dn ca K
s. Chiu su cui cng ca cc phi c o sau khi dn sch ln cui.
L cc khoan phi dn sch s ch cn khng qu 12mm t bi lng y
cc trc khi b tng cc chng. i vi cc chu ma st ch cn khng qu 50mm
t bi lng. Phi gi nh l cc chng, tr khi c nu khc i trong bn v. Cc
khoan phi c K s chp thun trc khi tip tc thi cng.

5.4.13 Thi cng v t lng ct thp

Lng ct thp gm c thp cho trn h s hp ng cng thm cc thanh lm
cng lng, cc ming k, cc tm chnh cho ng tm v cc ph kin cn thit khc,
tt c phi lp rp hon chnh thnh mt khi ngay sau khi l cc o c kim
tra v nghim thu v trc khi b tng cc.
Ct thp trong cc phi ging v sao cho ct thp nm trong cc dung sai
cho php so vi v tr d kin cho ti khi b tng c ct thp. Khi b tng c
theo phng php rt ng thng ng, phi dng cc dng c km gi tm thi
phng lng thp b tri ln trong khi b tng. Phi dng cc ming gi c ly bng
b tng hoc cc dng c gi c ly khng b n mn khc c chp thun t
khong cch khng vt qu 1500mm dc theo cc m bo v tr lng ng
tm vi l cc o. Khi kch thc ct thp dc vt qu thanh s 25, cc khong
cch ny khng c vt qu 3000mm.

5.4.14 b tng, bo dng v bo v b tng

Phi tranh th b tng ngay sau khi t lng ct thp. Vic b tng phi
lin tc trong cc ti cao nh cc. Phi tip tc b tng sau khi cc y cho
n khi cht lng b tng u cc r rng l tt. B tng trong nc hoc va
st phi qua phu hoc bm b tng bng cch s dng cc phng php quy
inh trong iu 8.7.5 b tng di nc.
B tng trong cc l cc kh phi c v c kt theo quy nh trong
iu 4.3.2 Cc b tng c ti ch v cc quy nh ny.
Vi cc c ng knh nh hn 2400mm, thi gian t lc bt u b tng
trong cc ti lc hon thnh xong khng c vt qu 2 gi. Vi cc cc c
ng knh bng 2400mm v ln hn, tc b tng khng nh hn 9000mm

chiu cao cc cho mi thi hn 2 gi. Hn hp b tng phi thit k sao cho b tng
cn trng thi do d thi cng trong sut gii hn 2 gi b tng.
Khi cao nh cc trn mt t, phn cc trn mt t phi c vn khun
tho ra c hoc c ng vch vnh cu khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng.
B tng cc phi c rung hoc xc ti su 1500mm bn di mt t tr
khi ti y t mm khng c ng vch hoc va st cn li trong l o c th trn
vi b tng.
Sau khi , cc mt b tng ca cc tm thi l ra phi c bo dng theo
cc quy nh ca iu 8.11 Bo dng b tng.
t nht l 48 gi sau khi b tng cc, khng c c thao tc thi cng no c
th gy ra chuyn ng ca t tip gip vi cc, ngoi rung ng nh.
Cc phn cc khoan l ra trong nc phi c bo v khi tc ng ca nc
bng cch khun ti ch t nht by ngy sau khi b tng.

5.4.15 Cc th v cc m rng chn

Cc th phi c thi cng khi c yu cu trong h s hp ng. Thi cng cc
th c dng xc nh xem cc phng php, thit b v cc trnh t do Nh thu
s dng c to ra mt l cc khoan p ng cc yu cu ca h s hp ng.
Nh thu phi xem xt li phng php v thit b ca mnh khi cn, ti mi thi
im trong khi thi cng l cc th, hon thnh l khoan o c nh mun.
V tr cc th phi c cho trong h s hp ng hoc theo ch dn ca K
s. ng knh v su ca l cc th hoc cc l cc th phi bng ng knh
v su nh cc cc khoan sn xut cho trn h s hp ng hoc theo ch dn ca
K s. Cc l cc th phi nhi y b tng thng theo cng mt cch nh cc s
c thi cng, tr khi mt vt liu lp khc c nu trong h s hp ng hoc do
K s quy nh.
Khi Nh thu khng chng minh c mt cch tho mn tnh chnh xc ca
phng php, trnh t hoc thit b ca mnh, h phi thc hin thm cc cc th m
khng c Ch u t cp thm chi ph.
Khi cho trn h s hp ng hoc khi K s ra lnh bng vn bn, cn phi m
rng chn trong cc l cc th xc lp tnh kh thi ca vic m rng chn trong mt
lp t c bit no .

5.4.16 Dung sai thi cng

Phi duy tr cc dung sai thi cng sau y trong thi cng cc khoan:
Cc khoan phi nm trong khong 75mm so vi v tr cho trong bn v b tr
mt bng ti cao nh cc.
thng ng ca l cc so vi bn v khng c qu 20mm/m chiu
su.
Sau khi ton b b tng, nh ca lng ct thp khng c cao qu
150mm v thp qu 75mm so vi v tr trong bn v.

Khi dng ng vch, ng knh ngoi ca ng vch khng c nh hn
ng knh cc cho trong h s hp ng. Khi khng dng ng vch ng
knh ti thiu ca cc khoan phi bng ng knh cho trong h s hp
ng vi cc ng knh 600mm hoc nh hn, v khng nh hn qu
25mm so vi ng knh cho trong h s hp ng vi cc dng knh ln
hn 600mm.
Din tch chu p ta ca phn m rng chn phi o ti thiu theo din
tch chu p ta trong bn v. Tt c cc kch thc khc ca bn v v
ming loe c th thay i khi c chp thun thch ng vi thit b s
dng.
Cao nh cc phi nm trong khong 25mm so vi cao nh cc theo
bn v.
y ca l cc o phi vung gc vi trc cc trong phm vi dung sai
60mm/m ca ng knh cc.

Cc l cc khoan c thi cng theo cch m khi cc b tng hon thnh nm
ngoi phm vi cc dung sai cho php th khng c chp thun. Bo co phng
php sa cha phi do Nh thu np cho K s chp thun. Phi c c chp
thun trc khi tip tc thi cng cc khoan.
Cc vt liu v cng vic cn thit thc hin sa cha cc l o cc khoan
qa dung sai cho php phi c Nh thu cung cp m khng c Ch u t chi
tr.

5.4.17 Th nghim tnh ng nht

Khi b tng cc c bng phng php thi cng t, v khi c yu cu
trong h s hp ng, cc hon thnh phi c c th nghim khng ph hu
xc nh quy m cc khuyt tt c th c trong cc.
Vt liu v cng vic cn thit th do Nh thu cung cp phi c quy nh
trong h s hp ng.
Trong trng hp th nghim pht hin cc l rng hoc cc ch gin on
trong b tng m theo xc nh ca K s cho thy cc khoan khng tho ng v mt
kt cu, phi loi b cc, vic thi cng cc cc khoan thm phi ngng li cho ti khi
Nh thu sa cha, thay th hoc b sung cc h hng v K s chp thun cc
sa cha. Vic ngng thi cng cc khoan cn tip tc duy tr cho ti khi c cc thay
i bng vn bn v phng php thi cng cc khoan c K s chp thun.

5.5 CC TH NGHIM TI TRNG CC KHOAN
Khi cc ti liu hp ng gm c vic th nghim cc, tt c cc th nghim
phi hon thnh trc khi thi cng bt k cc khoan no ca cng trnh. Nh thu phi
hai tun l sau th nghim ti trng cui cng K s phn tch cc s liu th
nghim ti trng trc khi quy nh cao mi cc khoan cho cc cc ca cng trnh.
Phi c v tr cc th ti v cc neo, ti trng ti a v thit b th nghim u
do Nh thu cung cp, vic thc hin thc t th nghim cc phi cho trong h s
hp ng.

Sau khi th nghim xong, cc cc th v cc neo nu khng c dng lm
cc ca cng trnh, phi ct i cao thp hn mt t hon thin 900mm. Phn
cc ct i do Nh thu b tr ch thanh thi.

5.6 O C V THANH TON

5.6.1 o c

5.6.1.1 Cc khoan
Cc khoan hon thnh ti ch c o theo mt di cho mi c cc c lit
k trong h s hp ng. Vic o c s o theo ng tim cc da trn cao mi
cc v cao ct cc cho trn h s hp ng hoc theo lnh ca K s.

5.6.1.2 Mng m rng chn
Mng m rng chn o theo mt khi, tnh theo cc kch thc v hnh dng
quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc ng knh sa li theo K s. Phn m rng
gm c th tch ngoi theo bn v hoc kch thc c php ca cc ko di ti y
phn m rng chn c o.

5.6.1.3 Cc th

Cc th c ng knh quy nh c o t cao mt t lc bt u khoan,
tnh theo mt di ca cc th khoan chp nhn c.

5.6.1.4 Phn m rng th nghim

Phn m rng th nghim c o theo mt khi tnh theo cc kch thc quy
nh trong iu 5.6.1.2 Mng m rng chn.

5.6.1.5 Thm d

Cc l thm d c o theo mt di, o t cao nh cc ti y l thm d
cho mi l thm d c php.


ng vch vnh cu c o theo mt di cho mi c ng vch cho php s
dng. Phi o dc theo ng vch t nh ng vch hoc nh cc ti y ng vch ti
mi v tr cc m ti ng vch vnh cu c php s dng, ly s liu no nh
hn.


5.6.1.7 Th ti

Cng vic th ti c o bng s ln th ti thc hin cho mi cc c ch
nh th ti.

5.6.2 Thanh ton

5.6.2.1 Cc khoan

Cc khoan c thanh ton vi gi hp ng theo mt di i vi cc khoan c
ng knh quy nh, Vic thanh ton ny phi b p y cho tt c cc chi ph
bao gm vic o cc, thanh thi t o, cung cp v b tng, t ct thp, k c
mi lao ng, vt liu, thit b, ng vch tm v cc ph ph cn thit cho vic hon
thnh cc khoan.

5.6.2.2 Mng m rng chn

Mng m rng chn c thi cng theo cc kch thc quy nh hoc c
php s c thanh ton theo n gi hp ng cho mi mt khi i vi mng m
rng chn. Vic thanh ton ny phi b p y cho vic o v b tng ngoi
ng knh cc khoan, k c mi lao ng, vt liu, thit b v ph ph cn thit cho
vic hon thnh loe.

5.6.2.3 Cc th

Cc th c ng knh quy nh c thanh ton theo n gi hp ng cho
mi mt di cc th. Vic thanh ton ny phi b p y cho vic o v b tng
hoc vt liu lp bao gm mi lao ng, vt liu, thit b v ph ph cn thit hon
thnh cc th.

5.6.2.4 Phn m rng th nghim

Phn m rng th nghim c ng knh v hnh dng quy nh hoc c
php v c chp thun c thanh ton theo n gi hp ng cho mi mt khi
i vi phn m rng th nghim. Vic thanh ton ny phi b p y cho vic
o v b tng hoc vt liu lp bao gm mi lao ng, vt liu, thit b v ph ph cn
thit hon thnh phn m rng th nghim.

5.6.2.5 L thm d

L thm d c thanh ton theo n gi hp ng cho mi mt di l thm
d. Vic thanh ton ny phi b p y cho vic khoan v ly li cc l, ly ra v

ng gi cc mu hoc li v giao chng cho Ch u t v tt c cc chi ph cn thit
khc hon thnh cng vic.


ng vch vnh cu c thanh ton theo n gi hp ng cho mi mt di
ng vch vnh cu. Vic thanh ton ny phi b p y cho vic cung cp v t
ng vch cng thm cc chi ph lin quan n cng vic c thanh ton theo cc
hng mc i km.

5.6.2.7 Th ti

Vic th ti c thanh ton theo n gi hp ng cho mi ln th ti. Vic
thnh ton ny phi b p y cho tt c cc chi ph lin quan n vic th ti.

PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 1 -

PHN 6: NEO T
MC LC

6.1 M T
6.2 BN V THI CNG.
6.3 VT LIU...
6.3.1 Thp ng sut trc.
6.3.2 Va phun
6.3.3 Cc b phn bng thp
6.3.4 Cc thnh phn bo v chng n mn....................................................
6.3.5 Cc b phn khc.
6.4 CH TO...
6.4.1 Chiu di dnh kt v chiu di knh kt ca cp....................................
6.4.1.1 Cp neo t bo v bng phun va...........................................
6.4.1.2 Cp neo t bo v bng v bc...............................................
6.4.2 Chiu di khng dnh kt.
6.4.3 Neo v ng loe u neo...
6.4.4 Ct gi v bc d cp..
6.5 LP T
6.5.1 Khoan..
6.5.2 a cp vo..
6.5.3 Phun va
6.5.4 ng loe u neo v neo..
6.5.5 Th nghim v to ng sut....................................................................
6.5.5.1 Thit b th..
6.5.5.2 Th nghim tnh nng................................................................
6.5.5.3 Th nghim kim chng............................................................
6.5.5.4 Th nghim t bin...
6.5.5.5 Tiu chun nghim thu th nghim ti trng neo t..
6.5.5.6 Ti trng cht.
6.6 O C V THANH TON
Ti liu vin dn..

6-2
6-2
6-3
6-3
6-4
6-4
6-4
6-5
6-5
6-5
6-6
6-6
6-6
6-6
6-7
6-7
6-7
6-8
6-8
6-9
6-9
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-14
6-16

PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 2 -

PHN 6
NEO T

6.1 M T

Cng vic ny gm c thit k, cung cp, lp t, th nghim v to ng sut
cho cc neo t p va xi mng vnh cu theo cc quy nh ny v h s hp ng.
Ch gii: Nu c g khng chc chn v tnh kh thi ca vic dng neo t trong
mt d n c th th phi ra vic th nghim neo c bit trong h s hp ng.
Neo ch to thng l nhng cu kin kt cu khng d, kh gim st v t trong
cc vng chng ti hn. m bo thnh cng nn c chi ph thm.

6.2 BN V THI CNG

t nht bn tun l trc khi bt u cng vic, Nh thu phi np cho K s
xem xt v chp thun ton b cc bn v thi cng v cc tnh ton thit k m t h
thng hoc cc h thng neo t d nh s dng.
H s np phi bao gm:
(1) Mt danh mc neo t cho bit:
S lng neo t
Ti trng thit k neo t
Loi v c cp ng sut trc
Tng chiu di ti thiu ca neo
Chiu di dnh kt ti thiu
Chiu di dnh kt ti thiu ca cp, v
Chiu di khng dnh kt ti thiu.

(2) Mt bn v cp neo t v h thng bo v n mn, gm c cc chi tit sau:
Cc m k ngn cch cc b cp v v tr ca chng,
Cc thanh iu chnh ng tm v v tr ca chng,
H thng bo v n mn chiu di khng dnh kt,
H thng bo v n mn chiu di dnh kt,
Neo v ng loe u neo,
H thng bo v n mn neo,
Kch thc l khoan hoc to hnh,
Mc mi giai on phun va,
Mi vic xem xt sa cha cc chi tit kt cu cn thit thch ng vi
h thng neo t.
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 3 -

(3) Thit k hn hp va v phng thc phun va.
K s s chp thun hoc bc b cc bn v thi cng ca Nh thu trong vng
bn tun l t ngy nhn c y h s np. Ch c bt u lm neo t sau
khi cc bn v thi cng c chp thun bng vn bn ca K s. Vic chp thun
ny khng gim nh cho Nh thu khi bt c trch nhim no theo hp ng
hon thnh tt p cng vic.
Ch gii: H s hp ng thng cho Nh thu quyn rng ri v vic la chn
vt liu v phng php thi cng c th s dng. Tuy nhin, b bn v thi cng y
c yu cu l kim tra cng vic.

6.3 VT LIU

6.3.1 Thp ng sut trc

B cp neo t phi gm c mt hoc nhiu phn t thp ng sut trc, thit
b neo v nu cn thit, cc b ni ph hp vi cc yu cu m t trong Phn 10 To
ng sut trc.
Cc vt liu sau y c th dng lm cp neo t
AASHTO M203M/203M (ASTM A416/A 416/M- to cp 7 si khng c
lp bo v)
ASTM A 886/A 886M (To cp 7 si kha rng ca) ASTM A882/A
882M (To cp 7 si c lp bo v epoxy).

Ch gii: Hiu ng Hoyer dng tn ti trong mi cu kin ng sut trc dnh
bm. Tao cp c ko v gi sc ko cao trong khi b tng c xung quanh
n v bo dng. trng thi chu ko, ng knh ca tao thp gim i so vi ng
knh trng thi khng chu ko. Khi lc ko trong tao cp c truyn t cc neo bn
ngoi vo b tng, ng sut trong tao cp u ca cu kin b tng chuyn t ng
sut cao n ng sut khng. cc im ng sut gim v ng sut khng, ng
knh ca cc si thp tng ln v cc si thp p cht vo b tng xung quanh to nn
ma st cao, y l nhn t quan trng trong s truyn tng lc. iu ny c gi l
hiu ng Hoyer do Jack R. Janney pht hin nm 1954 Bn cht ca dnh kt trong
b tng ng sut trc Tp ch ca ASI tp 25 thng 5 nm 1954.
Khi ti trng ko thp ra khi b tng c tc ng ln tao thp trn khng ko
trc nh trong neo t, s gim ng knh tao thp do hiu ng Hoyer m lm gim
ng k kh nng truyn lc ko ca n vo b tng xung quanh.
V lc ko tng ln v ng knh ca n gim i, lc dnh kt ca tao thp kha
rng ca gim i ging nh tao thep si trn, nhng dnh kt c hc do b tng to
ra trong pha rng ca cn nguyn hiu qu, lm cho tao cp kha rng ca c kh
nng truyn lc ko ln hn nhiu khi chu ti trng ko thp ra khi b tng.
Lc ko trong tao cp c lp bo v epoxy c truyn sang b tng qua sn
c gn ln b mt ca n vo b tng xung quanh. S gim ng knh tao cp do
hiu ng Hoyer m khng ln c tc ng ng k no ln kh nng truyn lc
ko ca tao cp.
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 4 -

6.3.2 Va phun

Xi mng phi l xi mng Portland loi I, II hoc III ph hp vi AASHTO M-85
(ASTM C150). Xi mng dng lm va phun phi ti khng vn cc hoc cc du
hiu thu phn hoc ng cng khc.
Ct liu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu i vi ct liu nh m t trong Phn 8
Kt cu b tng.
C th dng cc cht ph gia trong va c s chp thun ca K s. Ch
c cho thm vo va cc cht ph gia n khi lp cc l hng phi bt, cc ng u
neo v lp bc neo. Khng c dng ph gia ng cng nhanh.
Nc trn va phi ung c, sch s v khng c lng cc cht c bit
l c hi cho xi mng Portland hoc thp ng sut trc.
Ch gii: Mc d thng khng dng ct trong va phun l ng knh nh
nhng n c th c li i vi l ng knh ln. Tro bay v puzolan cng c khi dng
lm vt liu n. Khng c php dng cht ng cng nhanh v lo ngi l mt vi
cht c th n mn thp ng sut trc.

6.3.3 Cc b phn bng thp

Cc tm gi ta phi ch to t loi thp ph hp vi AASHTO M270M/M270
(ASTM A709/A 709M ti thiu cp 36 (Cp 250)) hoc bng gang do ph hp vi
ASTM A-536.
ng loe u neo dng to ra s chuyn tip t neo ti lp bo v n mn
chiu di khng dnh kt phi ch to t ng thp hoc ng tup ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca ASTM A-53/A 53M i vi ng thp hoc ASTM A500 i vi ng tup. B
dy ti thiu thnh ng phi l 5mm.
Cc lp bc neo dng bao kn cc neo l ra phi ch to t thp, ng thp,
tup thp, hoc gang c do ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M270M/M270
(ASTM A709/A 709M) cp 36 (cp 250) i vi thp, ASTM A-53A/53M i vi ng,
ASTM A-500 i vi tup hoc ASTM A-536 i vi gang do. B dy ti thiu phi
bng 3mm.

6.3.4 Cc thnh phn bo v chng n mn

M chng n mn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Cc yu cu k thut i
vi cc tao cp n khng dnh kt iu 3.2.5 ca Vin ko sau PTI.
V bc chiu di khng knh kt ca cp phi gm c mt trong cc loi sau:
ng polyethylene (PE) khng c ng ni c b dy thnh ng ti thiu
1,5mm 0,25mm. Polyethylene phi c phn loi theo ASTM D3350.
ng polypropylene khng c ng ni c b dy thnh ng ti thiu
1,5mm 0,25mm. Polypropylene phi c phn loi theo ASTM
D4101.
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 5 -

ng c th co li theo nhit gm c mt ng polyolefin bc x lin kt
ngang phi ph bn trong bng mt cht bt dnh. ng c b dy thnh
ng ti thiu trc khi co ngt phi bng 0,60mm. B dy lp bt dnh kt
ti thiu phi bng 0,5mm.
ng polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gn sng c b dy thnh ng ti thiu
bng 0,8mm.

V bc chiu di dnh kt ca cp phi gm c mt trong cc loi sau:
ng polyethylene t trng cao (HDPE) gn sng c b dy thnh ng ti
thiu bng 0,8mm v ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M252.
ng thp c g hoc ng tup c b dy thnh ng ti thiu 0,63mm.
ng polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gn sng c b dy thnh ng ti thiu
bng 0,80mm.
Epoxy nu chy dnh kt ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO
M317M/M317 (ASTM D 3963/D 3963M), ngoi ra phi c lp mng
0,4mm.

6.3.5 Cc b phn khc

ng chng dnh kt cho cp gm c mt ng nha do nhn chng lo ho do
nh sng t ngoi v c th chu c mi mn, va p v un trong khi vn chuyn
v lp t.
Cc ming k ngn cch cc tao ca mt b cp nhiu tao phi cho php
va chy t do. Chng c ch to t nha do, thp hoc vt liu khng lm h
hng thp ng sut trc. Khng c dng g.
Tm k chnh tm phi lm bng nha do, thp hoc vt liu khng lm h hi
thp ng sut trc hoc bt k b phn no ca vic bo v chng n mn cp.
Khng c s dng g. Tm chnh tm phi c kh nng duy tr v tr ca cp c
lp bc va t nht 12mm ph trn cp.

6.4 CH TO

Cp dng cho neo t c th ch to ti xng hoc hin trng t cc vt
liu ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 6.3 Vt liu. Cp phi ch to theo cc bn v
thi cng c chp thun. Cp phi c kch thc ti trng th ti a khng
vt qu 80% cng cc hn ti thiu c bo m ca cp.

6.4.1 Chiu di dnh kt v chiu di dnh kt ca cp

Nh thu phi xc nh chiu di dnh kt cn thit tho mn cc yu cu
th ti trng. Chiu di dnh kt ti thiu phi bng 3000mm trong , 4500mm trong
t hoc chiu di ti thiu cho trong h s hp ng. Chiu di dnh kt ti thiu ca
cp phi bng 3000mm.
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 6 -

6.4.1.1 Cp neo t bo v bng phun va

Cc ming k phi c t dc chiu di dnh kt ca b cp ca loi cp
nhiu tao cho va dnh kt vi thp ng sut trc. Chng phi t cch nhau ti
a 3000mm vi ming k trn cao cch nh ca chiu di dnh kt ca cp ti a
1500mm v ming k di thp cch y ca chiu di dnh kt ca cp ti a
1500mm.
Cc tm chnh tm phi c t dc theo chiu di dnh kt. Chng phi c
t cch nhau ti a 3000mm vi tm trn nm cch nh ca chiu di dnh kt ti a
1500mm v tm di nm cch y chiu di dnh kt 300mm. Khng cn n cc
tm chnh tm cho nhng cp t c s dng mt mi khoan thn rng v va c
phun qua mi khoan v l khoan c duy tr bng cch phun va rn chc st
225mm hoc nh hn trong khi rt mi khoan ra. C th dng kt hp ming k v
tm chnh tm.
Ch gii: Kinh nghim cho thy c th duy tr va ph quanh neo p va
trong t ht th m khng cn dng cc tm chnh tm.

6.4.1.2 Cp neo t bo v bng v bc

Chiu di dnh kt ca cp phi c bo v bng mt ng thp c g hoc
nha do gn sng nhi va, hoc bng mt lp epoxy nng chy dnh kt. Cp c
th phun va trong v bc trc khi a cp vo trong l khoan hoc sau khi a cp
vo trong l khoan. Khng c php c l ln v bc va c th chy t v bc
ra l khoan hoc ngc li. Cp phi nm tp trung gia v bc v ng bc c kch
thc to ra c mt lp va ph trung bnh 5mm ln thp ng sut trc. i vi
cp neo t bo v bng v bc cng phi dng cc ming k v tm chnh tm
tho mn cc yu cu nh quy nh trong iu 6.4.1.1 Cp neo t bo v bng va
phun. Thit b neo cp c bo v bng epoxy nng chy dnh kt phi cch ly v
in vi kt cu.
Ch gii: V bc bng epoxy dnh kt nng chy c th c s khng lin tc
trong lp bc. Cch in gia cp v kt cu l phng pin in n mn pht
trin di hn gia kt cu v chiu di dnh kt ca cp.

6.4.2 Chiu di khng dnh kt
Chiu di khng dnh kt ca cp ti thiu phi l 4500mm hoc theo ch dn
trong h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.
Phi bo v chng n mn bng mt ng bao nhi hon ton bng m hoc
va chng n mn, hoc mt ng tup c th co li do nhit. Nu dng m nhi
ng bao, phi b tr m khng chy ra hai u. M phi ph hon ton cp v lp
y cc khe h gia cc si ca tao by si. Phi b tr bo v chng n mn lin
tc ti on chuyn tip t chiu di dnh kt sang chiu di khng dnh kt ca cp.
Nu ng bao khng phi l ng nhn, phi b tr mt ng chng dnh kt ring
phng cp dnh kt vo va neo xung quanh chiu di khng dnh kt.

6.4.3 Neo v ng loe u neo
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 7 -

C th s dng cc neo khng th cng ko li tr khi trong h s hp ng
quy nh s dng loi neo c th cng ko li.
Cc tm m t phi c kch thc cho ng sut un trong tm m v ng
sut nn cc b trung bnh trong b tng, nu p dng c, khng vt qu sc
khng danh nh cho trong iu 5.10.9.7.2 Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Kch thc ca tm m t khng c nh hn kch thc cho trn h s hp ng
hoc trn cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.
ng loe u neo phi hn vo tm m t. ng loe u neo phi c ng knh
trong ln hn ng knh ca cp ti neo t nht 6mm. ng loe u neo phi di
thch ng vi cc chuyn ng ca kt cu trong khi th nghim v to ng sut.
Vi cp bng tao thp c v bc trn chiu di khng dnh kt, ng neo phi di
cp c th chuyn tip t ng knh cp trong chiu di khng dnh kt sang ng
knh cp ti u neo m khng lm hng v bc. Cc ng loe u neo nhi m chng
n mn phi c mt ng cao su vnh cu Buna-N hoc mt vng bt tng t c
chp thun b tr gia ng loe u neo v chiu di khng dnh kt bo v chng n
mn. Cc ng loe u neo nhi va phi c mt vng bt tm thi gia lng loe u
neo v chiu di khng dnh kt bo v chng n mn.
Ch gii: Sc khng danh nh ca cc tm m t tham kho iu 5.10.9.7.2 Sc
khng p t ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004.

6.4.4 Ct gi v bc d cp

Cp phi c ct gi v bc d theo cch sao cho trnh b h hi hoc n
mn. H hi cho thp ng sut trc nh b mi mn, t, vt kha, vt hn hoc vy
hn s l nguyn nhn K s loi b. Khng c php tip t bng cch hn
dy dn vo thp ng sut trc. G nh, khng gy ra cc vt lm c th quan st
bng mt thng, khng c ly c loi b. Trc khi t mt cp vo trong l
khoan, cc thnh phn bo v chng n mn ca n phi c xem xt c b h hng
khng. Mi h hng pht hin phi sa cha theo cch c K s chp thun.
Sa cha v bc phi ph hp vi cc khuyn ngh ca nh cung cp.
Ch gii: ng bc nhn c th dng bng vt liu PE siu cao phn t sa,
bng cun xon c quanh cp bt kn hon ton vng b hng. Tt c cc ch ni
ng bc, bc cun bng phi m bo chiu ng bng gp i.

6.5 LP T

Nh thu phi chn phng php khoan, phun va v p lc va s dng
lp t neo theo cn thit tho mn cc yu cu th nghim ti trng.

6.5.1 Khoan

Phng php khoan c s dng c th l khoan ly li, khoan xoay, khoan
dp, khoan rut g hoc ng ng vch. Phng php khoan s dng phi phng
nga c vic mt t pha trn l khoan c th lm tn hi cho kt cu hoc cc kt
cu hin c. Nu dng ng vch cho l neo, phi tho b, tr khi K s cho li ti
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 8 -

ch. V tr, nghing v tuyn l khoan phi cho trong h s hp ng. nghing
v tuyn phi trong khong 3 ca gc d kin ti tm m t v trong khong
300mm ca v tr d kin mt t (im u).
Ch gii: Trc dc ca l khoan v ca cp phi song song. Cp khng c
un c th ni vo tm m t ln kt cu.

6.5.2 a cp vo

Cp phi a vo trong l khoan ti su mong mun khng b tr ngi. Khi
cp khng th a vo hon ton, phi rt cp ra v l khoan phi lm sch hoc
khoan li a cp vo. Cp mi a vo mt phn khng c ng hoc p
a tip vo l.

6.5.3 Phun va

Phi dng va xi mng nguyn cht hoc va xi mng ct ph hp vi iu
6.3.2 Va. Ph gia, nu c dng, phi trn vi liu lng khng vt qu khuyn
ngh ca nh sn xut.
Thit b phun va phi to ra mt loi va khng c cc cc hoc xi mng
khng phn tn c. Phi dng bm va kiu pittng. Bm c trang b mt ng
h o p lc gim st p lc phun. ng h p lc phi c kh nng o p lc t
nht 1 MPa hoc hai ln p lc va thc t s dng, ly s no ln hn. Thit b phun
va phi c kch thc cho php va c bm lin tc. My trn phi c kh nng
khuy va lin tc.
Va phi phun t im thp nht ca l khoan. Va c th bm qua ng tup,
ng vch, mi khoan thn rng hoc cn khoan. Va c th phun vo trc hoc sau
khi a cp vo. Phi ghi li khi lng va v p lc va. p lc va v m va
phi khng ch phng nga t b i ln qu mc hoc lm nt cc lp ,.
Tr cc iu ch dn di y, va trn nh chiu di dnh kt c th c
phun ng thi vi va ca chiu di dnh kt, khng c phun c p lc. Va
nh l khoan phi dng li cch pha sau kt cu hoc cch y ng loe u neo
150mm, ly v tr no thp hn.
Nu neo t c lp t trong loi t ht nh s dng l khoan c ng
knh ln hn 150mm, khi va trn nh chiu di dnh kt phi bm vo sau khi
th ti trng neo t. Ton b l khoan c th bm va ng thi nu c th chng
minh rng h thng neo t khng ly mt phn ng k sc chu ti ca n t t
bn trn on chiu di dnh kt ca neo t.
Nu dng cp bo v bng va i vi cc neo trong , khi phi s dng
k thut phun va p lc. Phun va p lc yu cu l khoan phi bt v va c
phun cho ti lc c th duy tr mt p lc phun 0,35 MPa trong chiu di dnh kt vi
thi gian 5 pht.
Khi bm va xong, ng va c th li trong l khoan vi iu kin n y
va.
Sau khi bm va, cp khng c chu ti trng t nht ba ngy.

PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 9 -

6.5.4 ng loe u neo v neo

Vic bo v chng n mn xung quanh chiu di khng dnh kt ca cp phi
ko di vo trong ng loe u neo t nht 150mm qua vng bt y trong ng loe u
neo.
Vic bo v chng n mn xung quanh chiu di khng dnh kt ca cp khng
c tip xc vi tm m t hoc u neo trong khi th ti hoc to ng sut.
Tm m t v u neo phi t vung gc vi trc cp.
ng loe u neo phi nhi y m hoc va chng n mn. M c th c
a vo bt k lc no trong thi cng. Va phi cho vo sau khi neo t c th
ti. Nh thu phi chng minh rng phng php la chn a m hoc va vo
s lm cho ng loe u neo c nhi y.
Neo khng c bc trong b tng phi c bao trong mt hp thp y va
hoc m chng vn mn.
Ch gii: Vng nguy him nht phng n mn l vng xung quanh neo.
Vic phng n mn on cp khng dnh kt pha di tm m t thng kt
thc l ra cp trn. Pha trn tm m t cp c kp cht bng nm, ai c
hoc .bin dng trong trng hp si thp. Bt k loi cp no, c ch kp cht u
sinh ra ng sut tp trung lin kt. Ngoi ra, mi trng n mn mnh m c th tn
ti u neo v oxygene lun sn c. Tnh d h hng ca vng ny c chng
minh bi thc t l hu ht cc h hng v cp xy ra trong mt on ngn u neo.
Cn thn trng bo m thp ng sut trc c bo v tt vng ny.

6.5.5 Th nghim v to ng sut

Mi neo t phi th ti bi Nh thu bng cch th tnh nng hoc phng
thc th kim chng quy nh y. Khng c tc ng mt ti trng ln hn ti
trng tnh ton 10% vo neo t trc khi th ti. Ti trng th phi ng thi tc
ng vo ton b cp.

6.5.5.1 Thit b th

Phi dng mt ng h o mt a hoc thc vernier c th o cc chuyn v
ti 0,025mm o dch chuyn ca neo t. Thit b phi c thang o thch hp c
th o tng dch chuyn ca neo t m khng phi chnh li thit b.
Phi dng mt kch thu lc v bm to ti trng th. Kch v mt ng h
o p lc hiu chnh c dng o ti trng tc ng. ng h p lc phi khc
vi cc gia tng 0,70 MPa hoc nh hn. Khi gin n hi l thuyt ca tng
chiu di neo lc ti trng th ti a vt qa hnh trnh pittng ca kch, phng
thc lp li chu trnh pittng ca kch phi c a vo trong bn v thi cng. Mi
cp tng ti trng th phi tc ng cng nhanh cng tt.
Phi c mt ng h o p lc tham chiu hiu chnh ti a im. ng h
tham chiu phi c hiu chnh vi mt kch th v mt ng h p lc.
Phi b tr mt hp o lc bng in tr v ng h o khi th nghim t bin.
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 10 -

Thit b to ng sut phi t trn cp neo t theo cch m kch, tm m t,
hp o lc v neo to ng sut ng tm vi cp v cp tp trung vo tm thit b.
Ch gii: Kinh nghim cho thy hp o lc bng in tr thng lm vic khng
tho ng trong iu kin hin trng, v th khng nn dng o lc. Tuy nhin hp
ti trng li rt nhy cm vi nhng thay i nh v ti trng v dng kim tra cc
thay i ti trng trong th nghim t bin.

6.5.5.2 Th nghim tnh nng

Nm phn trm neo t hoc mt lng ti thiu bng 3 neo t, ly s no ln
hn th nghim tnh nng theo cc phng thc sau y. K s phi chn cc neo
t th nghim tnh nng. Cc neo cn li phi th theo cc phng thc th
nghim kim chng.
Th nghim tnh nng phi lm bng cch cht ti v d ti theo tng cp ti
trng ca neo t theo bng sau y, tr khi trn h s hp ng c cho mt bng v
mt ti trng th ti a khc;
Ti trng c nng ln t mt gia s ny n mt gia s khc ngay sau
khi ghi dch chuyn ca neo t.
Dch chuyn ca neo t phi o v ghi ti 0,025mm gn nht so vi mt
im quy chiu c nh c lp ti ti trng thng hng v ti mi gia s
ca ti trng.
Ti trng c gim st bng mt ng h p lc.
ng h p lc quy chiu phi u ni tip vi ng h o p lc trong
khi th tnh nng.

Nu ti trng xc nh bng ng h o p lc quy chiu v ti trng xc nh
bng ng h p lc chnh nhau hn 10% th kch, ng h p lc v ng h p lc
quy chiu phi hiu chnh li. Ti cc gia s ti trng khng phi ti trng th nghim
ti a, ti trng phi gi lu c c s c dch chuyn

Bng th nghim tnh nng
Ti trng Ti trng
AL AL
0,25 DL* 0,25 DL
AL 0,50 DL
0,25 DL 0,75 DL
0,50 DL* 1,00 DL
AL 1,20 DL*
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 11 -

0,25 DL AL
0,50 DL 0,25 DL
0,75 DL* 0,50 DL
AL 0,75 DL
0,25 DL 1.00 DL
0,50 DL 1,20 DL
0.75 DL 1,33 DL*
(Ti trng th ti a)
1,00 DL* Gim xung ti trng cht (iu
6.5.5.6)
Trong
AL = Ti trng thng hng
DL = Ti trng thit k i vi neo t
* = Cn cho th. Xem on sau
Ti trng th nghim ti a trong th nghim tnh nng phi gi trong 10 pht.
Kch phi bm li khi cn duy tr c ti trng khng i. Thi gian gi ti trng
phi bt u ngay khi t ti trng th nghim ti a v dch chuyn ca neo t phi
ghi 1 pht, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 v 10 pht. Nu dch chuyn ca neo t gia 1 pht v 10
pht vt qu 1,0mm, ti trng th ti a phi gi thm 50 pht. Nu thi gian gi ti
trng b ko di, dch chuyn neo t phi ghi 15 pht, 20, 25, 30, 45 v 60 pht.
Phi lp mt th cho thy din bin ca dch chuyn ca neo t theo ti
trng i vi mi gia s ti trng c nh du * trong bng th nghim tnh nng v
mt th dch chuyn neo t cn d ca cp ti mi ti trng thng hng i vi ti
trng cao nht t trc . Kh kch thc th phi c K s chp thun trc
khi s dng.
Ch gii: Ti trng thng hng l mt ti trng thng nh hn 10% ca ti
trng thit k, c tc ng vo neo t gi thit b th ti ng v tr trong khi th.

6.5.5.3 Th nghim kim chng

Cc neo khng dng th nghim tnh nng phi c th nghim kim
chng.
Th nghim kim chng phi tin hnh bng cch tng dn ti trng neo t
theo bng sau, tr khi trong h s hp ng ghi mt bng v ti trng th ti a
khc. Ti trng phi nng dn t mt gia s ny sang gia s khc ngay sau khi ghi
dch chuyn ca neo t. Dch chuyn ca neo t phi o v ghi ti 0,025mm gn
nht i vi mt im quy chiu c nh c lp ti ti trng thng hng v ti mi gia
s ti trng. Ti trng phi c gim st bng mt ng h o p lc. Ti cc gia s
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 12 -

ti trng khng phi ti trng th ti a, ti trng phi gi lu c c s c
dch chuyn.

Bng th nghim kim chng
Ti trng Ti trng
AL 1,00 DL
0,25 DL 1,2 DL
0,50 DL 1,33 DL
(Ti trng th ti a)
0,75 DL Gim ti ti trng cht

Trong
AL = Ti trng thng hng
DL = Ti trng thit k i vi neo t
Ti trng th ti a trong th nghim kim chng phi gi trong 10 pht. Kch
phi bm li khi cn duy tr mt ti trng khng i. Thi gian gi ti trng phi bt
u ngay khi t ti trng th ti a v dch chuyn neo t phi o v ghi ti 1 pht,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 v 10 pht. Nu dch chuyn neo gia 1 pht v 10 pht vt qu 1,0mm,
ti trng th nghim phi gi thm 50 pht. Nu thi gian gi ti trng ko di, dch
chuyn ca neo t phi ghi 15 pht, 20, 30, 45 v 60 pht. Phi lp mt biu
cho thy th ca dch chuyn ca neo t theo ti trng i vi mi gia s ti trng
trong th nghim kim chng. Kh biu phi c s chp thun ca K s trc
khi dng.
Ch gii: Nu ti trng th ti a khc c yu cu th mt bng tng t nh
bng y cn c m t trong h s hp ng.

6.5.5.4 Th nghim t bin

Th nghim t bin phi c tin hnh nu c yu cu trong h s hp ng.
K s phi la chn cc neo t th t bin.
Th nghim t bin phi lm bng cch cht ti v gim ti neo t theo cc
gia s theo bng th nghim tnh nng dng. cui mi chu k cht ti, ti trng
phi gi khng i trong thi gian quan st ch r trong bng th nghim t bin di
y tr khi trong hp ng c ghi mt ti trng th ti a khc. Thi gian c v ghi
dch chuyn ca neo t trong mi thi gian quan st phi l 1 pht, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,10,
15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 100, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 v 300 pht khi thch
hp. Trong th nghim t bin, ng h o p lc v ng h p lc quy chiu c
dng o ti trng tc ng v hp o ti trng c dng gim st cc thay i
nh ca ti trng trong mt thi hn gi ti trng khng i. Kch phi bm li khi cn
duy tr mt ti trng khng i.

PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 13 -

Bng th nghim t bin
AL Thi hn quan st (pht)
0,25 DL 10
0,50 DL 30
0,75 DL 30
1,00 DL 45
1,20 DL 60
1,33 DL 300

Phi lp mt biu cho thy th dch chuyn ca neo t v dch chuyn d
o c trong mt th nghim t bin nh m t trong th nghim tnh nng. Cng
nh vy, phi lp mt th dch chuyn t bin ca neo t cho mi ln gi ti trng
nh mt hm s ca lga thi gian. Kh th phi c k s chp thun khi s
dng.
Ch gii: Nu yu cu th nghim t bin, t nht hai neo t phi c th t
bin. Nu ti trng th ti a khc c yu cu th mt bng tng t nh bng
y cn c mt t trong h s hp ng.

6.5.5.5 Tiu chun nghim thu th nghim ti trng neo t

Mt neo t c th nghim tnh nng hoc th nghim kim chng vi 10
pht gi ti c th chp nhn c nu:
Neo t chu c ti trng th ti a vi dch chuyn nh hn 1,0mm
gia 1 pht v 10 pht; v
Tng dch chuyn ti ti trng th ti a vt qu 80% gin di n
hi l thuyt ca chiu di khng dnh kt, hoc
i vi neo th nghim tnh nng trong tt, tng dch chuyn ti ti
trng th ti a c th khng vt qu gin di n hi l thuyt ca
chiu di khng dnh kt cng 50% gin di n hi l thuyt ca
chiu di dnh kt.

Mt neo t c th nghim tnh nng hoc th nghim kim chng vi thi
gian gi nguyn ti trng trong 60 pht c th chp nhn c nu;
Neo t chu c ti trng th ti a vi tc t bin khng vt qu
2,0mm trong chu k thi gian ghi cui cng; v
Tng dch chuyn lc ti trng th ti a vt 80% ca gin di n
hi l thuyt ca chiu di khng dnh kt.
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 14 -

i vi neo th nghim tnh nng trong tt, tng dch chuyn ca ti
trng th ti a c th khng vt qu gin di n hi l thuyt ca
chiu di dnh kt.

Mt neo t c th t bin c th chp nhn c nu:
Neo t chu ti trng th ti a vi tc t bin khng vt qu
2,0mm trong chu k thi gian ghi cui cng; v
Tng dch chuyn lc ti trng th ti a vt 80% gin di n hi l
thuyt ca chiu di khng dnh kt.
i vi neo th nghim tnh nng trong tt, tng dch chuyn lc ti
trng th ti a c th khng vt gin di n hi l thuyt ca chiu
di khng dnh kt cng 50% gin di n hi l thuyt ca chiu di
dnh kt.

Nu tng dch chuyn ca neo t ng vi ti trng th nghim ti a khng
vt 80% ca gin di n hi l thuyt cu chiu di khng dnh kt, neo t phi
thay th vi chi ph ca Nh thu.
Mt neo t c tc t bin ln hn 2,0mm theo chu k thi gian ghi chp c
th a vo trong kt cu nhng sc khng danh nh thit k phi bng mt na ti
trng ph hoi ca n. Ti trng ph hoi l ti trng do neo chu sau khi ti trng
c n nh trong 10 pht.
Khi mt neo t b ph hoi, Nh thu phi sa i thit k v/hoc cc
phng thc lp t. Cc sa i ny c th bao gm, nhng khng phi ch hn ch
vic lp t mt neo t thay th, gim ti trng thit k bng cch tng s lng
neo t, sa i cc phng php lp t, tng chiu di dnh kt hoc thay i loi
neo t. Bt k vic sa i no v phng php thit k v thi cng u khng c
Ch u t cp kinh ph thm v khng c php ko di hp ng.
Khng c php th li mt neo t, tr cc neo t c phun va li c th
c th li.

6.5.5.6 Ti trng cht

Khi hon thnh tt vic th ti trng, ti trng neo t phi gim xung ti
trng cht cho trong h s hp ng v truyn cho thit b neo. Neo t c th c
d ti hon ton trc khi cht. Sau khi truyn ti trng v trc khi tho kch, phi
c ti trng d ti. Ti trng d ti phi nm trong khong 10% ti trng cht quy
nh. Nu ti trng d ti khng trong vng 10% ti trng cht quy nh, neo phi b tr
li v c mt lc d ti khc. Qu trnh ny phi lp li cho ti khi t c ti trng
cht mong mun.

6.6 O C V THANH TON

Cc neo t c o v thanh ton theo s lng neo lp t v c chp
nhn nh cho trong h s hp ng hoc theo lnh ca K s. Khng thay i s
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 15 -

lng neo t c thanh ton nu nh thu s dng mt s lng neo t theo
phng n khc.
n gi hp ng thanh ton cho cc neo t phi b p y cho vic
cung cp mi nhn cng, vt liu, dng c, thit b, cc ph ph, v cho vic lm mi
cng vic c lin quan trong vic lp t cc neo t (k c th nghim), hon thnh
ti ch nh cho trong hp ng, theo cc quy nh ny v theo s ch dn ca K
s.
Ch gii: Mt vi c quan thch chi cho cc th nghim tnh nng v th nghim
t bin ring trnh s khng chc chn ca gi thnh th nghim. Kinh nghim a
phng s xc nh iu mong mun ca cc iu khon chi tr ring ny.
PHN 6: NEO T 6 - 16 -

Ti liu vin dn

rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3
or LRFDUSI-3, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,

Janney, J.R. 1954. Nature of Bond in Prestressed Concrete, Journal of American
Concrete Institute, American Concrete Institute, Vol. 25, May 1954.

PTI. 2000. Specification for Unbonded Single Strand Tendons, 2
nd
Edition, Post-
Tensioning Institute, Phoenix, AZ, Section 3.2.5.

PHN 7: CC KT CU CHN T 7 - 1 -

PHN 7: CC KT CU CHN T
MC LC

7.1 M T
7.2 BN V THI CNG.
7.3 VT LIU...
7.3.1 B tng
7.3.1.1 c ti ch..
7.3.1.2 Va phun bng kh nn
7.3.1.3 Cc b phn c sn
7.3.1.4 Cc khi tng mt bng b tng phn on..
7.3.2 Ct thp..
7.3.3 Thp kt cu..
7.3.4 G
7.3.5 Cc b phn thot nc..
7.3.5.1 ng v ng c khoan l
7.3.5.2 Vi lc..
7.3.5.3 Vt liu thm nc
7.3.5.4 H thng thot nc a k thut hn hp
7.3.6 t lp kt cu...
7.3.6.1 Tng qut
7.3.6.2 Tng chng n v tng ngn .
7.3.6.3 Tng t gia c c hc..
7.4 CNG TC T..
7.4.1 Cng tc o kt cu
7.4.2 X l mng.
7.4.3 Lp t
7.5 THOT NC..
7.5.1 Cc rnh bin bng b tng
7.5.2 L thot trong tng.
7.5.3 Lp m tiu nc
7.5.4 Cc h thng thot nc a k thut hn hp
7.6 THI CNG.
7.6.1 Tng b tng v tng xy trng lc, tng chn b tng ct thp
7.6.2 Tng cc vn v tng cc chng..
7-3
7-3
7-4
7-4
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7-9

7.6.2.1 Tng cc vn...
7.6.2.2 Tng cc chng .
7.6.2.3 Tng cc vn v tng cc chng c neo.
7.6.2.3.1 Tng qut.
7.6.2.3.2 Thanh ging ngang
7.6.2.3.3 H thng neo b tng
7.6.2.3.4 Thanh neo
7.6.2.3.5 Neo t.
7.6.2.3.6 Cng tc t
7.6.3 Tng chng n v tng ngn .
7.6.3.1 Mng
7.6.3.2 Cc thanh chng n..
7.6.3.3 Cc cu kin ngn lin khi bng b tng.
7.6.3.4 t cc thanh.
7.6.3.5 Lp
7.6.4 Tng t gia c c hc.
7.6.4.1 Tng mt..
7.6.4.2 Ct gia c t.
7.6.4.3 Thi cng ..
7.7 O C V THANH TON
Ti liu vin dn......
7-9
7-10

7-11
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PHN 7
CC KT CU CHN T

7.1 M T

Cng vic ny gm c vic cung cp v lp t cc kt cu chn t theo h s
hp ng v bn Tiu chun ny.
Ch gii: Cc kt cu chn t bao gm cc tng trng lc b tng v khi
xy, cc tng chn b tng ct thp, tng cc vn v tng cc chng (c hoc
khng c neo t hoc cc h thng neo khc), chng n v cc tng c ngn v
tng t gia c c hc.

7.2 BN V THI CNG

Phi np cho K s cc bn v thi cng v tnh ton thit k xem xt v
chp thun t nht 4 tun l trc khi cng vic bt u. Cc ti liu c yu cu
phi np:
i vi mi phng n kt cu chn t kin ngh c quyn hoc khng
c quyn, c php hoc quy nh trong h s hp ng,
cu to chi tit i vi kt cu phi thi cng m khng c trong h s hp
ng,
khi trong h s hp ng hoc Tiu chun ny c yu cu khc. Cc bn v
thi cng v tnh ton thit k phi bao gm:

(a) cao t hin c c Nh thu kim tra i vi mi v tr lin quan n
ton b hay mt phn cng trnh trong t vn c,
(b) s b tr tng s chn t c hiu qu, nhng cc thng s v chiu di
v chiu cao khng nh hn kt cu tng cho trong h s hp ng,
(c) ton b cc tnh ton thit k chng minh thit k kin ngh tho mn cc
thng s thit k trong h s hp ng,
(d) cc cu to y ca tt c cc b phn cn thit i vi vic thi cng
ng n kt cu, k c cc yu cu k thut v ton b cc vt liu,
(e) cc yu cu v cng tc t bao gm cc yu cu k thut v t v cht
ca t p,
(f) cc chi tit sa i hoc b sung h thng thot nc hoc cc cng trnh
khc cn thit thch ng vi h thng chn t,
(g) thng tin khc yu cu trong h s hp ng hoc theo i hi ca K s.

Nh thu ch c tin hnh bt k cng vic no v kt cu chn t theo yu
cu ca cc bn v thi cng sau khi cc bn v c K s chp thun. Vic K
s chp thun cc bn v thi cng khng gim nh cho Nh thu bt k trch nhim
no trong h s hp ng i vi vic hon thanh tt p cng trnh.

7.3 VT LIU

7.3.1 B tng

7.3.1.1 c ti ch
B tng c ti ch phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt cu b
tng. B tng phi thuc loi A tr khi c ch nh khc trong h s hp ng.

7.3.1.2 Va phun bng kh nn

Va phun bng kh nn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 24 Va phun
bng kh nn.

7.3.1.3 Cc b phn c sn

Vt liu, vic ch to, ct gi, vn chuyn v lp dng cc b phn b tng c
sn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong iu 8.13 Cu kin b tng c sn. Tr khi
c ghi khc trong h s hp ng hoc trn cc bn v thi cng c chp thun,
b tng xi mng Portland dng cho cc b phn c sn phi ph hp vi loi A (AE)
vi cng chu nn ti thiu 28 ngy bng 28 MPa.

7.3.1.4 Cc khi tng mt bng b tng phn on

Cc khi xy bng b tng dng lm tng mt phi c cng nn ti thiu
l 28 MPa v gii hn ht nc 5%. vng c cc chu k ng bng tan bng lp
li, khi tng mt phi c th nghim theo ASTM C1262 chng minh v
bn. Cc khi tng mt phi tho mn cc yu cu ca ASTM C1372, tr vic chp
thun v bn theo phng php th nghim ny phi t c nu tn tht v
trng lng khng vt qu 1% trng lng ban u ca mi mu ca 4 trong 5 mu
sau 150 chu k. Cc khi cn phi tho mn cc yu cu b sung ca ASTM C140.
Cc khi tng mt l trc tip khi phun lm tan bng mt ng phi c bt kn
sau khi lp dng bng mt lp ph chng nc hoc c ch to c lp ph hoc
ph gia tng sc khng ng bng tan bng.

7.3.2 Ct thp

Ct thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 9 Ct thp.

7.3.3 Thp kt cu
Thp kt cu phi ph hp vi AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M)
Cp 36 (Cp 250) tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.


7.3.4 G

G phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 16 Kt cu g v iu 4.2.2 Cc
g.

7.3.5 Cc b phn thot nc
7.3.5.1 ng v ng c khoan l

ng v ng c khoan l phi ph hp vi Tiu mc 708 ng b tng, gm v
nha v 709 ng kim loi ca Ch dn k thut thi cng ng b AASHTO.

7.3.5.2 Vi lc

Vi lc phi ph hp vi Tiu mc 620 Vi lc ca Ch dn k thut thi cng
ng b AASHTO.

7.3.5.3 Vt liu thm nc

Vt liu thm nc phi ph hp vi Tiu mc 704 Cp phi thot nc ca
Ch dn k thut thi cng ng b AASHTO tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp
ng hoc trong cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.

7.3.5.4 H thng thot nc a k thut hn hp

H thng thot nc a k thut hn hp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy
nh trong h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.

7.3.6 t lp kt cu
7.3.6.1 Tng qut

Tt c cc t lp kt cu phi gm cc t khng c cht hu c hoc cc loi
t khng ph hp khc theo xc nh ca k s. Cc c ht phi xc nh theo
AASHTO T-27 (ASTM C136). Cp phi phi theo nh di y, tr khi c quy nh
khc.

C sng
75mm
4,75 mm
Phn trm lt qua
100
35-100

600m
75m
20-100
0-15

7.3.6.2 Tng chng n v tng ngn

Vt liu lp kt cu i vi tng tchng n v tng ngn phi c thuc tnh
khng lt qua hoc chy qua cc l h trong tng. Vi tng cao trn 6000mm phi
c cp phi sau:
C sng
75mm
4,75 mm
600m
75m
Phn trm lt qua
100
25-70
5-20
0-5

7.3.6.3 Tng t gia c c hc

t lp kt cu i vi tng t gia c c hc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
sau y v cp phi, gc ma st trong v n nh th tch:

C sng
100 mm
425 m
75 m
Phn trm lt qua
100
0-60
0-15*
* Ch s do (PI) theo xc nh ca AASHTO T90 khng c qu 6.
t phi c gc ma st trong khng nh hn 34
o
, c xc nh theo th
nghim chng ct tiu chun, AASHTO T236 (ASTM D3080), trn phn nh hn
sng No 10 (2.00mm), s dng mt mu t m ln ti 95% ca AASHTO T99,
Phng php C hoc D ( c hiu chnh s liu th nh ni trong ch thch 7)
hm lng m ti u. Khng cn th nghim i vi t lp trong 80% c ht ln
hn 19mm.
Cht lng t phi khng c dip thch hoc cc ht mm, cc ht bn
km. t phi c tn tht th tch chng sunfat manh nh hn 30% sau bn chu
k.
Thm na, t lp phi p ng cc yu cu in ho sau y khi s dng t
c ct thp.
pH bng 5 ti 10
in tr sut khng nh hn 30 m

Hm lng Clorit khng ln hn 100 ppm
Hm lng Sunfat khng ln hn 200 ppm.

7.4 CNG TC T

7.4.1 Cng tc o kt cu

Cng tc o kt cu h chn t phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 1
o v lp kt cu v cc quy nh di y.

7.4.2 X l mng

X l mng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 1.4.2 Chun b mng v
khng ch nc tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng hoc trong cc bn
v thi cng c chp thun. Nu phi o t nn th nh thu phi thc hin vic
o theo cc gii hn cho. t o i phi thay bng loi t lp kt cu p
ng yu cu i vi h kt cu chn t lin quan c thi cng, tr khi c quy nh
mt loi t khc trong h s hp ng. t phi c m ln ti cht khng nh
hn 95% cht ti a xc nh theo AASHTO T99, Phng php C hoc D ( hiu
chnh s liu th theo ch thch 7).

7.4.3 Lp t

Vic lp t kt cu phi theo cc yu cu trong iu 1.4.3 v 7.6 Thi cng.
t s dng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 7.3.6.

7.5 THOT NC
Cng trnh thot nc phi thi cng theo cc chi tit c nu trong cc bn v
thi cng c duyt hoc trong h s hp ng v bn Tiu chun ny.

7.5.1 Cc rnh bin bng b tng
Cc rnh bin bng b tng phi thi cng theo mt ct cho trong h s hp
ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp thun. Va phun kh nn phi ph hp
cc yu cu ca Phn 24 Va phun kh nn. Cc l thot phi b tr ti cc ch trng
trong mt ct, ti cc u thp ca rnh v ti cc v tr ch nh khc.

7.5.2 L thot trong tng
Cc l thot trong tng phi thi cng ti cc v tr cho trong h s hp ng
hoc bn v thi cng c chp thun. Ti mi l thot phi c t nht 0,06m
3
vt
liu thm nc bc trong vi lc.
Cc khe ni gia cc tm mt tng chn b tng c sn lm vic nh cc l
thot nc phi che ph bng vi lc. Vi lc phi dnh kt vi cc tm b tng mt

bng cht dnh kt ph hp vi Yu cu k thut lin bang Hoa-k MMM-A-121. Cc
tm b tng mt dn vi lc phi kh v lm sch hon ton khng cn bi bn v cc
vt liu ri.

7.5.3 Lp m tiu nc

Cc lp m tiu nc gm c t thm nc c bc trong vi lc, cc ng
thu gom, cc ng thot ra v cc ng kim tra ra ng phi thi cng theo nh c
nu trong h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.
Lp mt nn t vi lc thot nc phi ph hp vi cc dung sai v
cht v cao quy nh v phi khng c vt liu ri hoc t ngoi ri vo v cc vt
nhn sc c th lm h hng vi lc trong khi lp t. Vi lc phi cng, thng hng
v khng c np gp. Cc mp tip gip ca vi lc phi chng ln nhau t 300mm
n 450mm. Nu vi lc v h hng , on b rch hoc thng phi sa cha bng
cch t mt mnh vi lc rng ph din tch b h hng v p ng yu cu v
ph chng ln nhau.
t thm nc phi ri thnh cc lp nm ngang v m bo hon ton c kt
mt lc theo phng php nh quy nh vi t lp kt cu. Khng c php t
thm nc hoc t lp k vi t thm nc to thnh vng hoc b xi. Trong khi ri
v m ln t thm nc v nn t lp hoc t p nn ng, phi m bo gi
lp t ny c khong cch t nht l 150mm gia vi lc v thit b ca Nh thu.
ng thu gom c l phi t trong lp thm nc theo cc cao dng chy
cho.
Cc ng u thot ra phi t ti cc ch trng trong tuyn dng chy, ti u
thp ca ng thu gom v ti cc v tr khc cho hoc c quy nh trong h s
hp ng. Vic bo v mi dc bng , khi c yu cu ti u cc ng thot, phi
ph hp vi cc chi tit trong h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp
thun v cc yu cu trong Phn 22 Bo v mi dc.
Cc ng kim tra ra ng phi t ti cc u cao ca ng thu gom v ti
cc v tr khc theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.

7.5.4 Cc h thng thot nc a k thut hn hp

Cc h thng thot nc a k thut hn hp phi t ti cc v tr cho trn h
s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp thun. Vt liu thot nc a k
thut hn hp phi t v lin kt cht ch vi mt t o, tm mt hoc ti lng
tng theo quy nh trong h s hp ng. Khi phi b tng ln vt liu thot nc
a k thut hn hp, vt liu thot nc phi c bo v chng h hi v r r va.

7.6 THI CNG

Thi cng cc kt cu chn t phi ph hp cc tuyn v dc cho trn cc
h s hp ng hoc bn v thi cng hoc theo ch dn ca K s.

7.6.1 Tng b tng v tng xy trng lc, tng chn b tng ct thp

Thi cng xy phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 14 xy. Thi cng
b tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Cc khi xy
bng b tng ct thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 15 Vt xy bng gch
v khi b tng.
Cc b phn tng b tng c sn thng ng vi b mng bng b tng c
ti ch phi c v ging chng tho ng phng ln hoc chuyn v ngang
cho ti khi b mng b tng xong v c cng cc b phn tng.
Mt l ra ca tng b tng phi hon thin theo Loi I nh quy nh trong
Phn 8 Kt cu b tng, tr khi trn h s hp ng hoc trn cc bn v thi cng
c chp thun c quy nh cch x l kin trc c bit.

7.6.2 Tng cc vn v tng cc chng

Cng vic ny gm c vic thi cng cc tng lin tc bng cc vn g, cc
vn thp hoc cc vn b tng v vic thi cng tng cc chng vi cc cu kin mt
nm ngang bng g, thp hoc b tng.

7.6.2.1 Tng cc vn

Cc vn thp phi l loi v trng lng ch nh trong h s hp ng. Cc
vn thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M202M/M202 (ASTM A328/A
328M), AASHTO M270M/M 270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) cp 345 hoc theo cc yu
cu k thut i vi Cc dng trong mi trng bin trong ASTM A690/A 690M.
Vic sn cc vn thp khi c yu cu phi ph hp vi iu 13.2 Sn kt cu kim
loi.
Cc vn g, tr khi c quy nh khc hoc c php lm khc trong h s
hp ng, phi c x l theo Phn 17 X l bo qun g. Cc phi c kch thc,
chng loi v cp g quy nh trong h s hp ng. Cc c th lm t g c hoc
ghp bng ba tm vn ng cht vo nhau. Cc phi vt nhn u di nm cc
bn cnh cht vo nhau trong khi ng.
Cc vn b tng phi ph hp vi cc chi tit cho trn h s hp ng hoc
bn v thi cng c chp thun. Ni chung vic ch to v lp t phi ph hp vi
cc yu cu i vi cc chu lc b tng c sn trong Phn 4 Mng ng cc. Cc
vn b tng phi c mt mng v mt rnh mng ni vi nhau phn di t v
mt mi ni hai rnh phn l ra, sau khi lp phi c cc rnh xoi bn trn khng c
ct, bn hoc rc ri, v c nhi va y. Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s
hp ng hoc c chp thun bng vn bn ca K s, va phi gm mt phn xi
mng v hai phn ct. Va phi y qua mt ng va t trong mt bao bng cht
do kn nc chy di ht chiu su ca rnh phun to thnh bi cc rnh ca hai cc
tip gip v rnh ny s c lp y hon ton.
Cc vn phi ng cho ti chiu su quy nh hoc ti kh nng chu lc ph
hp vi yu cu ca Phn Mng ng cc.

Sau khi ng, nh cc cc vn phi ct gn mt cch kho lo thnh mt
ng thng ti cao cho trong h s hp ng hoc theo ch dn ca K s.
Tng cc vn phi c ging bng thanh ging hoc cc h thng ging
khc cho trn h s hp ng hoc theo ch dn ca K s.
Thanh ging ngang bng g phi gi chng ln nhau mt cch tho ng v
c ni ti tt c cc mi ni v cc gc. Cc thanh ging ngang nn l mt thanh
di lin gia cc gc v phi bt bu lng gn nh cc cc.
Cc x m b tng ct thp, khi c ch dn trong h s hp ng hoc cc bn
v thi cng c chp thun, phi thi cng theo Phn 8 Kt cu b tng.

7.6.2.2 Tng cc chng

Cc chng phi l cc ng hoc cc khoan nhi ti chiu su quy nh
hoc kh nng chu lc cho trong h s hp ng.
Cc ng phi cung cp v lp t theo cc yu cu ca Phn 4 Mng cc
ng. Cc phi l loi cho trong h s hp ng.
Cc cc thi cng trong l khoan phi ph hp vi cc chi tit cho trn h s
hp ng. Thi cng o v c b tng cc hoc lp bng b tng ngho phi theo
Phn 5 Cc khoan v ging khoan. Thnh phn kt cu ca cc chng t trong
l o phi theo quy nh trn h s hp ng. B tng ct thp d c ti ch hay
c sn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Cu kin g
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 16 Kt cu g v Phn 17 X l bo qun
g. Cu kin thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 11 Kt cu thp. Sn cu
kin thp, nu c yu cu, phi ph hp vi Phn 13 Sn.
B tng lp xung quanh cc cu kin cc b tng c sn, cc g hoc cc
thp, trong l cc khoan phi l loi b tng xi mng Portland c th mua c trn th
trng vi hm lng xi mng khng nh hn 280 kg/m
3
. B tng ngho lp phi
gm ct v nc dng lm b tng c cht lng mua th trng v hm lng xi
mng Portland khng qu 56 kg/m
3
. Gii hn b tng v b tng ngho phi c
ch r trong h s hp ng.
Mt tng chy nm ngang gia cc cc chng phi ph hp vi cc vt liu
v chi tit cho trn h s hp ng hoc bn v thi cng c chp thun. Tm mt
bng g phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong Phn 16 Kt cu g v Phn 17 X l
bo qun g. Cc tm mt b tng c sn v tm mt b tng c ti ch phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu cha Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Cc neo b tng, cc lin kt hn
v lin kt bu lng c nh tm mt vo cc chng phi ph hp vi cc chi tit
trong h s hp ng.
Mt l ra ca tng b tng phi c hon thin Loi I theo quy nh trong
Phn 8 Kt cu b tng tr khi trong h s hp ng hoc trong cc bn v thi cng
c chp thun c quy nh cch x l kin trc.

7.6.2.3 Tng cc vn v tng cc chng c neo

7.6.2.3.1 Tng qut

Vic thi cng cc tng c neo gm c vic thi cng cc tng cc vn v
tng cc chng p lc ngang c neo bng mt thanh ging v h thng neo
b tng hoc neo t.
Vic thi cng tng cc vn v tng cc chng p lc ngang phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca iu 7.6.2.1 v 7.6.2.2 tng ng.

7.6.2.3.2 Thanh ging ngang
Thanh ging ngang gm c thanh ging hoc g, thp hoc b tng phi ph
hp vi cc chi tit trong h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.
Tuyn ca thanh ging ngang phi sao cho c th t cc thanh neo hoc neo t m
khng b un. Cc thanh gng ngang phi ph hp vi yu cu ca Phn 16 Kt cu
g v Phn 17 X l bo qun g. Thanh ging thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
ca Phn 11 Kt cu thp. Thanh ging b tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
Phn 8 Kt cu b tng.

7.6.2.3.3 H thng neo b tng
H thng neo b tng gm c cc khoan hoc cc khi b tng ct thp t
trong gii hn ca h o t , c hoc khng c cc , phi ph hp vi cc chi
tit trong h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.
Cc neo xin phi ng theo ng xin cho. Cc neo chu ko phi c
cung cp vi cc bin php tho ng neo vo khi b tng neo.
Neo b tng cc khoan phi ph hp vi cc chi tit trong h s hp ng hoc
bn v thi cng c chp thun, v c thi cng theo ng Phn 5 Cc khoan v
ging khoan.

7.6.2.3.4 Thanh neo
Thanh neo phi l thanh thp trn ph hp vi AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM
A709/A 709M) cp 36 (cp 250) tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng. Phi
b tr bo v chng n mn theo quy nh trong cc h s hp ng. Phi ch trong
cc thao tc cu lp v lp h o phng nga h hi lp bo v chng n mn
hoc bn thn thanh neo b un.
Lin kt thanh neo vi cc chng, thanh ging ngang, mt tng v neo b
tng phi ph hp vi cc chi tit quy nh trong h s hp ng.

7.6.2.3.5 Neo t
Neo t phi thi cng theo cc yu cu ca Phn 6 Neo t. Lin kt ca neo
t vo cc chng , thanh ging hoc mt tng phi ph hp vi cc chi tit trong
h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.

7.6.2.3.6 Cng tc t
Cng tc t phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong iu 7.4.

Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, vic o pha trc cc
tng khng c tin hnh qu 100mm bn di cao thanh neo hoc neo t
cho ti khi cc thanh neo v neo hoc neo t ny c hon thnh v c K s
chp thun.
Vic t tm mt phi theo st vic o pha trc tng cho t b mt t
nht.

7.6.3 Tng chng n v tng ngn

Cng vic ny gm c vic thi cng cc tng chng n bng g, b tng hoc
thp v tng ngn lin khi bng b tng vi vt liu lp y trong cc to thnh
bi cc cu kin.

7.6.3.1 Mng

Ngoi cc yu cu ca iu 7.4.2 t nn hoc lp t lt nn phi hon thnh
cao v dc ngang chnh xc sao cho tuyn mt thng ng hoc nghing s
c thc hin.
Khi c yu cu, cc ngng g t chm trong t, cc lp m b tng san
bng hoc cc b mng b tng phi ph hp vi cc chi tit cho trong h s hp
ng. Ngng g t chm phi nm chc chn v u n trong t mng. B tng
lm cc lp m san bng hoc b mng phi st vo cc cnh ca h o trong
t nn.

7.6.3.2 Cc thanh chng n

Cc thanh dc v ngang ca chng n phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn
16 Kt cu g v cng phi nh vy i vi dm m, ct v ngng. Cch x l bo
qun phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 17 X l bo qun g. Kch thc ca
cc thanh phi theo nh cho trong h s hp ng.
Cc thanh b tng dc v ngang phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt
cu b tng i vi cc thanh b tng c sn. Kch thc ca cc thanh v cng
ti thiu ca b tng phi theo nh ch dn trn h s hp ng hoc cc bn v
thi cng c chp thun.
Cc thanh chng n thp gm c tm y, ct, cc thanh dc v cc ming
m phi c ch to t vn thp ph hp vi AASHTO M218. B dy cc thanh
phi theo nh quy nh. Cc thanh chng n phi ch to sao cho cc thanh c cng
kch thc v b dy danh nh c th hon ton lp ln nhau. Khng c php
khoan, t hoc dp sa cha cc khuyt tt trong ch to. Bt c thanh no c
cc l t khng ng u phi thay. Bu lng, ai c v kim loi khc phi m km
theo AASHTO M232M/M232 (ASTM A 153/A 153M).

7.6.3.3 Cc cu kin ngn lin khi bng b tong

Cc cu kin ngn lin khi bng b tng gm c cc bn cnh c chiu
cao ng u v chiu su khc nhau phi c theo cc yu cu ra cho cc cu
kin c sn trong Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Cng chu nn ti thiu ca b tng
phi bng 28 MPa. Mt l ra phi hon thin theo Loi 1. Cc mt khng nhn thy
c phi c b mt hon thin ng u khng c cc ti ct liu h hoc b mt b
cong vnh qu 6mm. Cc cht kho th ra v cc hc cho cht mt trn v mt di
ca tng bn ca phi c v tr chnh xc.

7.6.3.4 t cc thanh

Cc thanh chng n bng g v b tng phi t thnh tng lp lin tip nhau
vi khong cch ph hp vi cc chi tit quy nh i vi chiu cao ring ca tng
ang thi cng. Cc bu lng sit ti giao im ca cc thanh g dc v ngang phi t
chnh xc khong cch cc mp ti thiu c bo m. Ti giao im cc thanh
b tng dc v ngang phi dng cc m cctng tm atphan hoc vt liu c chp
thun khc t c lc nn ng u gia cc cu kin.
Cc on ct thp, cc thanh dc v cc ming k phi ph hp vi chiu di
v trng lng ng theo quy nh. Cc thanh ny phi t thng hng chnh xc
cho php hon thnh cc lin kt bu lng m khng lm mo cc thanh. Bu lng ti
cc lin kt phi xit vi m men xon khng nh hn 34000 N.mm.
Cc cu kin ngn lin khi bng b tng c cc kch thc chnh xc phi
chng ln lt ph hp vi cch b tr cho trn h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi
cng c chp thun. Phi ch khi t cc cu kin ngn nga h hng cc
cht kho li ra. Cc cht kho b h hng hoc khng khp phi c sa cha
bng phng php c K s chp thun.

7.6.3.5 Lp

Cc c to thnh bi cc cu kin tng phi oc lp bng vt liu lp
kt cu ph hp vi cc yu cu trong iu 7.3.6. Vic lp phi tin hnh ng thi
vi vic lp dng cc cu kin to thnh cc . Vt liu lp phi v m ln sao
cho khng lm xc xch hoc h hng cc cu kin. Vic lp cc phi thnh lp
ng u dy khng qu 300mm, tr khi nh thu c kin ngh khc v c k s
chp thun. cht phi t c t nht 95% cht ti a xc nh theo AASHTO
T99, Phng php C. Vic lp sau tng ti cc gii hn ca h o phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu ging nh vy tr khi c ch dn hoc chp thun khc.

7.6.4 Tng t gia c c hc

Vic thi cng cc tng t gia c c hc gm c vic thi cng mt h thng
tng mt kt ni vi cc ct gia c bng thp hoc polyme v vic vt liu lp kt
cu xung quanh ct gia c t.
7.6.4.1 Tng mt


Tng mt gm c cc tm b tng c sn, b tng ti ch hoc tm li
thp hn phi ph hp vi cc chi tit v vt liu quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc
trn cc bn v thi cng c chp thun.
Cc tm b tng c sn phi c ph hp vi cc yu cu ra cho cc kt
cu c sn trong Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Cng nn ca b tng phi bng
cng quy nh trong h s b tng hoc 28 MPa, ly gi tr ln hn. Mt l ra phi
c hon thin Loi I hoc x l kin trc quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc cc
bn v thi cng c chp thun. Mt khng l ra khng nhn thy c phi c
hon thin b mt ng u khng c cc ti ct liu h ra hoc b mt b cong vnh
qu 6mm. kim loi lin kt ct gia c t phi c t chnh xc v gi chc trong
khi b tng v khng c tip xc vi ct thp gia cng khc. Cht bt khe ni,
cc lp lt chu lc v vt liu ph khe ni phi theo ng quy nh trong h s hp
ng.
Tng mt b tng c ti ch phi thi cng theo cc yu cu trong Phn 8
Kt cu b tng. Ct gia c t ko di qu tm mt tm thi phi c chn trong
b tng mt vi cc kch thc ti thiu cho trong h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi
cng c chp thun.
Lp mt bng si thp hn, hoc tm thi hoc vnh cu, phi c to thnh
bng cch to 1 gc 90
0
vi ct gia c nm ngang. Phn thng ng ca ct gia c
t to thnh lp mt phi ni vi mc k tip cao hn ca ct gia c t. Phi t
ngay sau phn thng ng ca ct gia c mt li lt v tm dt kim loi. C si v
khong cch ca n phi theo nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.

7.6.4.2 Ct gia c t

Tt c ct thp gia c t v mi lin kt thp phi m km theo AASHTO M
111M/ M111 (ASTM A123/A 123M).
Ct gia c dng di thp phi cn nng theo hnh dng v kch thc yu cu.
Thp phi ph hp vi ASTM A 572/A 572M cp 65 (cp 250) tr khi c quy nh
khc trong h s hp ng.
Ct li si thp hn phi ch to trong xng t si thp ko ngui c cc
kch c v khong cch cho trn h s hp ng hoc theo cc bn v thi cng c
chp thun. Si thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M32M/M32 (ASTM
A82), tm li ch to phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M55M/M55
(ASTM A185).
Ct gia c Polyme phi l loi v c ch nh trong h s hp ng hoc cc
bn v thi cng c chp thun v phi ph hp vi vt liu quy nh v cc yu cu
ch to.
kim loi lin kt phi ph hp vi h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng
c chp thun.
Vic lp t cc thit b o gim st n mn phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu quy nh.

7.6.4.3 Thi cng


Khi c yu cu, phi b tr mt lp b tng san bng ti ch hoc b tng
ct thp c sn ti cao mng ca mi tm. Trc khi cc lp lt san bng, nn
t phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 7.4.2.
Cc tm b tng c sn v tm li si thp hn lm mt tng phi c
t v theo s cn thit cho v tr cui cng ca chng c thng ng hoc
nghing theo nh cho trn h s hp ng hoc cc bn v thi cng vi dung sai
m K s c th chp nhn c.
Lp bt khe ni, cc tm gi v vt liu ph khe ni phi t cng lc vi vic
t tm b tng mt.
Vt liu lp ph hp vi cc yu cu trong iu 7.3.6 phi ri v m ln ng
thi vi vic t lp mt v ct gia c t. Vic vt liu lp v m ln phi thc
hin khng lm mo m hoc dch chuyn lp mt v ct gia c t. Khng c
dng xe lu chn cu hoc loi v li lu ln lp vt liu lp trong cc gii hn ca
ct gia c t. Ti mi cao ct gia c t, vt liu lp phi san bng s b ti mt
cao khong 30mm bn trn cao lin kt ti lp mt trc khi t ct gia c t.
Tt c ct gia c t phi c ko ng u loi b mi chng trong lin kt
hoc vt liu.

7.7 O C V THANH TON

Tr khi c ch nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc kt cu chn t c o
v thanh ton theo m
2
. Din tch m
2
thanh ton c da trn chiu cao thng
ng v chiu di c xy, tr trng hp c php c cc phng n kt cu
chn t khc nhau trong h s hp ng. Khi cho php c cc phng n kt cu
chn t khc nhau, din tch m
2
thanh ton c da trn chiu cao thng ng
v chiu di ca mi on ca loi kt cu c ch nh lm c s thanh ton d
loi ny c c thi cng thc t hay khng. Chiu cao thng ng ca mi on
c ly bng hiu s v cao trn mt ngoi t y tm mt thp nht i vi kt
cu khng c b mng, v t mt trn ca b mng i vi cc kt cu c b mng ti
nh tng, khng bao gm mi ro chn.
Gi hp ng thanh ton theo m
2
i vi cc kt cu chn t phi bao gm
vic n b y cho vic cung cp mi nhn cng, vt liu, dng c, thit b v cc
ph ph v i vi mi vic c lin quan trong vic thi cng cc kt cu chn t k c,
nhng khng ch gii hn cng tc t, cc, mng, v h thng thot nc, hon
thnh ti ch nh cho trong h s hp ng, theo cc quy nh trong bn Tiu
chun ny v theo ch dn ca K s.
Vic thanh ton y cho vic tu sa li h thng thot nc hoc cc cng
trnh khc cn thit do vic s dng mt phng n kt cu chn t khc so snh
phi c coi nh bao gm trong gi hp ng tr theo m
2
i vi h thng chn
t v vy khng c iu chnh cho khon thanh ton ny.


Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO.1998. AASHTO Guide Specifications for Highway Construction, GSH-8,

AASHTO.2004. Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Methods of
th

GSA. 1966. Adhesive, Bonding Vulcanized Rubber to Steel, Federal Specification
MMM-A-121, U.S General Services Administration.

PHN 8: KT CU B TNG 8 - 1 -

PHN 8: KT CU B TNG
MC LC

8.1 TNG QUT..
8.1.1 M t
8.1.2 Cng vic lin quan ..
8.1.3 Phng php thi cng...
8.2 LOI B TNG.
8.2.1 Tng qut
8.2.2 B tng t trng bnh thng...
8.2.3 B tng t trng nh ..........................
8.3 VT LIU ..
8.3.1 Xi mng..
8.3.2 Nc...
8.3.3 Ct liu nh.
8.3.4 Ct liu th.
8.3.5 Ct liu hn hp
8.3.6 Ct liu t trng nh
8.3.7 Cc ph gia ha cht v to bt.
8.3.8 Ph gia khong cht.
8.3.9 Thp
8.4 THIT K T L THNH PHN B TNG
8.4.1 Tnh ton hn hp.
8.4.1.1 Trch nhim v tiu chun
8.4.1.2 Th nghim m trn th..
8.4.1.3 Chp thun.
8.4.2 Hm lng nc..
8.4.3 Hm lng xi mng..
8.4.4 Ph gia khong cht.
8.4.5 Ph gia to bt v ha cht..
8.5 CH TO B TNG
8.5.1 Ct gi ct liu..
8.5.2 Ct gi xi mng........
8.5.3 o lng vt liu..
8.5.4 nh lng m trn v trn b tng...
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8.5.4.1 nh lng m trn
8.5.4.2 Trn .
8.5.5 Cung cp b tng..
8.5.6 Ly mu v th nghim...
8.5.7 nh gi cng b tng.
8.5.7.1 Th nghim.
8.5.7.2 kim tra cc thao tc thi cng
8.5.7.3 nghim thu b tng.
8.5.7.4 kim tra thit k hn hp
8.5.7.5 B tng c sn bo dng bng che ph, bng hi nc, hoc
nhit bc x.
8.6 BO V B TNG TRONG CC IU KIN MI TRNG.
8.6.1 Tng qut
6.6.2 Bo v khi ma.
8.6.3 Bo v khi thi tit nng..
8.6.4 Bo v khi thi tit lnh...
8.6.4.1 Bo v trong khi bo dng
8.6.4.2 Trn v b tng..
8.6.4.3 Hp nng hn hp...
8.6.5 Cc yu cu c bit i vi mt cu .
8.6.6 B tng tip xc vi nc mn..
8.6.7 B tng tip xc vi t hoc nc c sulfat...
8.7 VN CHUYN V B TNG..
8.7.1 Tng qut
8.7.2 Trnh t b tng
8.7.2.1 Cu kin thng ng.
8.7.2.2 Kt cu phn trn..
8.7.2.3 Vm.
8,7.2.4 Cng hp.
8.7.2.5 Cu kin c sn...
8.7.3 Phng php b tng.
8.7.3.1 Tng qut
8.7.3.2 Thit b.
8.7.4 m cht b tng..
8.7.5 b tng di nc.....
8.7.5.1 Tng qut ...
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8.7.5.2 Thit b....
8.7.5.3 Dn dp...
8.8 MI NI THI CNG
8.8.1 Tng qut.......
8.8.2 Lin kt.......
8.8.3 Lin kt v cht neo vo kt cu c........
8.8.4 Vn khun ti mi ni thi cng.......
8.9 KHE GIN N V CO NGT
8.9.1 Tng qut.......
8.9.2 Vt liu
8.9.2.1 Cc tm nhi khe gin n c sn.
8.9.2.2 Tm nhi bng tm Polystyrene.....
8.9.2.3 Vt liu khe co ngt..
8.9.2.4 Cht lng bt khe c th rt c
8.9.2.5 V bc kim loi...
8.9.2.6 Tm chn nc.
8.9.2.6.1 Tm chn nc bng cao su..................
8.9.2.6.2 Tm chn nc Polivinylcloride...
8.9.2.6.3 Tm chn nc bng ng..
8.9.2.6.4 Th nghim vt liu tm chn nc..................
8.9.3 Lp t
8.9.3.1 Cc khe ni h...
8.9.3.2 Cc khe nhi y...
8.9.3.3 Cc khe bt kn
8.9.3.4 Cc tm chn nc...
8.9.3.5 V bc kim loi khe gin n.
8.10 HON THIN B TNG DO.
8.10.1 Tng qut.
8.10.2 Hon thin b mt ng.
8.10.2.1 V mt v xoa ....
8.10.2.2 R bng thc kim tra..
8.10.2.3 Lm cu trc mt.
8.10.2.3.1 Ko bao ti
8.10.2.3.2 Qut mt
8.10.2.3.3 Co mt............
8.10.2.4 Th nghim v sa cha b mt.
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8.10.3 Hon thin b mt ng ngi i.....
8.10.4 Hon thin bng bay v bn chi...........
8.10.5 B mt di gi cu..........
8.11 BO DNG B TNG......
8.11.1 Tng qut........
8.11.2 Vt liu.........
8.11.2.1 Nc.........
8.11.2.2 Mng lng................
8.11.2.3 Vt liu mng khng thm nc...
8.11.3 Cc phng php......
8.11.3.1 Phng php vn khun ti ch...
8.11.3.2 Phng php nc...........
8.11.3.3 Phng php bo dng bng mng hp cht lng..............
8.11 3.4 Phng php ph tm khng thm nc..........
8.11.3.5 Phng php bo dng bng hi nc nng hoc nhit bc x
8.11.4 Mt cu........
8.12 HON THIN B MT B TNG TRONG VN KHUN...
8.12.1 Tng qut............
8.12.2 Loi 1 Hon thin bnh thng..........................
8.12.3 Loi 2 Hon thin mi........
8.12.4 Loi 3 Hon thin bng dng c..........
8.12.5 Loa 4 Hon thin bng thi ct........
8.12.6 Loi 5 Hon thin bng bn chi thp hoc c ra......
8.13 CU KIN B TNG C SN.....
8.13.1 Tng qut.
8.13.2 Bn v thi cng..................
8.13.3 Vt liu v ch to......
8.13.4 Bo dng......
8.13.5 Lu kho v cu lp............
8.13.6 Lp rp ........................................
8.13.7 Cht dnh kt epxy dng trong dm hp phn on c sn...
8.13.7.1 Vt liu......
8.13.7.1.1 Th nghim 1 Dng chy x ca hp cht dnh kt epxy ........
8.13.7.1.2 Th nghim 2 Thi gian ho cng ca hp cht dnh kt epxy
8.13.7.1.3 Th nghim 3 Thi gian do ca cht dnh kt...................
8.13.7.1.4 Th nghim 4 Un ko ba im...................................
8.13.7.1.5 Th nghim 5 Cng nn ca cht dnh kt epxy
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bo dng...............................................................................
8.13.7.1.6 Th nghim 6 vng do nhit ca cht dnh kt
epxy........................................................................................
8.13.7.1.7 Th nghim 7 -- Cng nn v ct ca cht dnh kt epxy
bo dng...............................................................................
8.13.7.2 Trn v qut epxy.........
8.14 VA V VA LNG.....
8.14.1 Tng qut...................
8.14.2 Vt liu v trn..............
8.14.3 Trt v bo dng va.......................
8.15 T TI TRNG.......
8.15.1 Tng qut................
8.15.2 Ti trng t........
8.15.3 Ti trng thi cng ..
8.15.4 Ti trng xe c giao thng.
8.16 YU CU C BIT I VI CC CU PHN ON
8.16.1 Kim sot hnh hc.
8.16.1.1 S liu v vng v vng..
8.16.1.2 Kim sot hnh hc.
8.16.2 Sai s cho php..
8.16.3 Bn v thi cng v cc tnh ton thit k v qu trnh thi cng..........
8.16.3.1 Tng qut..
8.16.3.2 Cc tnh ton thit k v trnh t thi cng..
8.16.3.3 Bn v thi cng
8.16.4 Vn khun
8.16.4.1 Tng qut..
8.16.4.2 Vn khun xy dng phn on c sn.
8.16.5 Gi vnh cu.
8.16.6 Cc iu khon c bit i vi xy dng phn on c ti ch.
8.16.6.1 Tng qut...
8.16.6.2 H thng khun
8.16.6.3 Xy dng kt cu nhp
8.16.7 Cc iu khon c bit i vi xy dng phn on b tng c sn ..
8.16.7.1 Tng qut..
8.16.7.2 Ch to
8.16.7.3 Tch cc phn on c gi cu .
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8.16.7.4 Thao tc v lp t cc phn on..
8.16.8 Cc iu khon c bit i vi vic c y
8.16.8.1 Tng qut.
8.16.8.2 c cc phn on.
8.16.8.3 Cc sai s cho php v hnh hc.
8.16.8.4 Lc y.
8.16.8.5 Theo di kim sot tr..
8.16.9 H hng v t gy..
8.17 O C V THANH TON.
8.17.1 o c..
8.17 2 Thanh ton..
Ti liu vin dn ..

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PHN 8
KT CU B TNG

8.1 TNG QUT
8.1.1 M t
Cng vic ny gm c vic cung cp, , hon thin v bo dng b tng
trong cc cu cng v cc kt cu khc theo cc yu cu k thut ny v ph hp vi
cc ng, cao v cc kch thc quy nh trong h s hp ng. Cng vic bao
gm cc b phn kt cu thi cng bng cc phng php ti ch v c sn s
dng b tng khng ct thp, c ct thp hoc ng sut trc, hoc mt t hp cc
loi .
8.1.2 Cng vic lin quan
Cng vic khc lin quan n xy dng cc kt cu b tng phi tun theo cc
quy nh trong cc phn thch hp khc ca bn Tiu chun ny, c bit l Phn 3
Cng trnh tm, Phn 9 Ct thp v Phn 10 To ng sut trc.
8.1.3 Phng php thi cng
Khi cc quy nh cho php Nh thu la chn phng php hoc thit b s
dng i vi mt thao tc no , trch nhim ca Nh thu l phi dng phng php
v thit b xy dng nn cng trnh t yu cu, trong mi iu kin gp phi m
khng gy h hi cho bt c b phn no hon thnh ca cng trnh.
gio v vn khun ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 3 Cng trnh tm
Ni chung, moi b tng phi c chng hon ton cho n khi t c
cng v tui yu cu. Tuy nhin c php s dng phng php vn khun
trt thi cng cac thn tr v Ian can vi iu kin k hoch ca Nh thu m bo
l:
cc kt qu t c v mi phng din phi bng cc kt qu t
c khi dng vn khn c nh, v
b tr tha ng cho vic bo dng, hon thin v bo v b tng.
8.2 CC LOI B TNG
8.2.1 Tng qut
Loi b tng s dng trong mi b phn ca kt cu phi theo ng cc quy
nh ca h s hp ng. Nu khng c quy nh, K s s ch nh loi b tng phi
s dng
8. 2.2 B tng t trng bnh thng
Mi loi b tng c t trng bnh thng c quy nh trong bn Tiu chun
ny c lit k trong Bng 8.2.2-1, tr loi b tng tip xc vi nc mui hoc cc
ha cht,


Bng 8.2.2-1 Phn loi b tng t trng bnh thng

Loi
b tng

Hm
lng xi
mng ti
thiu
T l
nc/xi
mng ti
a
Phm vi
hm
lng
khng kh
Ct liu th theo
AASHTO M43
(ASTM D 448)
S hiu
kch c
a

Cng
chu nn
quy nh
Kg/m
3
Kg cho 1kg % Kch c danh
nh, mm
MPa ti
tui
(ngy)
A 362 0.49 - 25.0 ti 4.75 57 28 ti 28
A (AE) 362 0.45 6 1.5 25.0 ti 4.75 57 28 ti 28
B 307 0.58 - 50 ti 25.0 v
25.0 ti 4.75
3
57
17 ti 28
B (AE) 307 0,55 5 1,5 50 ti 25.0
V 25.0 ti 4.75
3
57
17 ti 28
C 390 0.49 - 12.5 ti 4.75 7 28 ti 28
C (AE) 390 0.45 7 1.5 12.5 ti 4.75 7 28 ti 28
P 334 0.49 -
b
25.0 ti 4.75
hoc 19.0 ti 4.75
7
67
41 ti
b

S 390 0.58 - 25.0 ti 4.75 7 -
P (HPC) -
c
0.40 -
b
19.0 67 > 41 ti
b

A (HPC) -
c
0.45 -
b
-
c
-
c
41 ti
b

a
Nh ghi ch trong AASHTO M 43 (ASTM D 448) Bng 1- Kch c tiu chun ca ct
liu qua x l.
b
Nh quy nh trong h s hp ng
c
Hm lng ti thiu ca vt liu xi mng v kch c ct liu th phi c la chn
p ng cc ch tiu cht lng khc quy nh trong hp ng.
Ch gii
i vi loi b tng tnh nng cao, mong mun l tiu chun c xy dng cn
c trn hiu sut. Loi P(HPC) dnh dng cho cc cu kin ng sut trc c cng
chu nn qui nh ln hn 40 MPa v phi lun c s dng cho cc cng
trn 70 MPa. Loi A(HPC) dnh dng cho cc cu kin c sn ni ch tiu tnh nng
cng vi cng chu nn ca b rng phi c qui nh. Cc ch tiu khc c th
bao gm co ngt, thm clort, chng ng bng, mc chng cht tan bng,
chng mi mn, hoc nhit hyrat ha.
i vi c hai loi b tng trn, khng bao gm hm lng xi mng ti thiu v

phi la chn cn c vo cc ch tiu tnh nng qui nh. C bao gm t l nc/xi
mng ti a. T l 0,40 cho loi P(HPC) nh hn tr s 0,49 cho loi P, trong khi t l
0,45 cho loi A(HPC) cng bng tr s cho loi A(AE). i vi b tng loi P(HPC) c
qui nh kch c ct liu th v kh c th thc hin cc cng chu nn cao vi cc
ct liu ln hn 20,0mm. i vi b tng loi A(HPC), kch c ct liu ti a phi do
ngi sn xut la chn cn c vo ch tiu hiu sut.
Hm lng khng kh cho loi A(HPC) v P(HPC) phi xc nh bng cc th
nghim nhng khuyn ti thiu l 2%.
Qui nh cng chu nn tui 28 ngy cho cc b tng cng trn 40
MPa l khng thch hp.

8.2.3 B tng t trng nh
B tng t trng nh phi ph hp vi cc yu cu qui nh trong cc h s hp
ng. Khi cc h s hp ng yu cu s dng ct thin nhin cho mt phn hoc
ton b ct liu nh th ct thin nhin phi ph hp vi AASHTO M 6.

8.3 VT LIU
8.3.1 Xi mng
Xi mng Portland phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M85 (ASTM
C150) v xi mng thy lc hn hp phi ph hp .vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO
M,240 (ASTM C595) hoc ASTM C 1157. Vi xi mng portland-puzolan loi IP, thnh
phn puzolan khng c vut qu 20% trng lng hn hp v tn tht khi t
puzolan khng qua 5%.
Tr i vi loi P(HPC) v A(HPC) hoc khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp
ng , ch c s dng xi mng Portland Loai I, II hoc III, xi mng portland to bt
loi IA, IIA hoac IIIA, hoc xi mng thy lc hn hp IP hoc IS. Xi mng loi IA, IIA v
IIIA ch c s dng cho b tng khi c yu cu to bt.
Phi s dng cc xi mng alcali-thp ph hp vi yu cu ca AASHTO M 85
(ASTM C 150) khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc khi c lnh ca K s nh
mt iu kin s dng ct liu c phn ng alcali-silica hn ch.
Ch gii
ASTM C 1157 l mt tiu chun da trn tnh nng khng yu cu c cc hn
ch trong cu to hoc thnh phn ca xi mng. N c th s dng chp nhn cc
xi mng khng ph hp vi AASHTO M 85 (ASTM C 150) v AASHTO M 240 (ASTM
C 595).
Yu cu alkali- thp ca AASHTO M 85 (ASTM C 150) khng m bo bo v
chng phn ng alcali-silica trong mi trng hp. Mt phng php tt hn c cho
trong AASHTO M 6 v M 80.
Tr khi c php khc i, phi s dng sn phm ca mt nh my duy nht ca
mt nhn hiu v loi xi mng cho cc cu kin nh nhau l ra nhn thy c, tr khi
phi phi trn nhiu loi nhm gim bt lng kh d tha khi dng xi mng to bt.
i vi loi P(HPC) v Loi A(HPC), phi tin hnh cc m trn th xi mng
nh dng trc khi b tng m bo l xi mng v cht ph gia s dng l ph
hp. Khng c thay i nh my, nhn hiu v loi xi mng nu khng tin hnh
cc m trn th.

8.3.2 Nc
Nc dng trn b tng v

bo dng b tng phi c chp thun v
phi tng i sch, khng c du, mui, axt, kim, ng, cy c hoc cc cht c
hi khc. Nc phi c th nghim v phi p ng cc yu cu ca AASHTO T26.
Nc bit r l c cht lng ung c c th dng khng cn th. Khi ngun nc
tng i nng, ch ly nc phi bao kn loi tr bn, c v cc vt liu khc.
Nc trn b tng trong c thp khng c c nng ion clorit qu 1000
ppm hoc sulphat nh SO
4
qu 1300 ppm.
8.3.3 Ct liu nh
Ct liu nh dng cho b tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M 6.
8.3.4 Ct liu th
Ct liu th dng cho b tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca.AASHTO M80.
8.3.5 Ct liu hn hp
Cc hn hp ct liu nh v ct liu th phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M XXI.
Ch gii
Vic s dng mt cp phi ct liu hn hp c th lm gim lng nc, vt
liu xi mng v va dn ti ci thin tnh cht ca b tng khi cn t v khi ng
cng.
Xem Ph lc A8 km theo kin ngh cho AASHTO M XXI.
8.3.6 Ct liu t trng nh
Ct liu t trng nh dng cho b tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHT0
M195 (ASTM C330).
8.3.7 Cc ph gia ho cht v to bt
Cc ph gia to bt phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M154 (ASTM
C260).
Cc ph gia ha cht phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M194 (ASTM
C494/C 494 M). Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, ch c dng loi A,
loi B, loi D, loi F, hoc loi G.
Ph gia cha ion clorit (CL) qu 1% theo trng lng ph gia khng c s
dng trong b tng ct thp. Ph gia c qu 0,1% khng c s dng trong b tng
ng sut trc.
Ch gii
Cc loi ph gia ha cht nh sau:
Loi A Gim nc
Loi B Lm chm ninh kt
Loi D Gim nc v lm chm ninh kt
Loi F Gim nc cao cp
Loi G Gim nc cao cp v lm chm ninh kt


Mi chuyn hng ph gia dng trong cng trnh phi c mt giy chng nhn
hp cch do Nh sn xut ph gia k np cho K s. Giy chng nhn ny phi da
trn cc kt qu th nghim trong phng th nghim trn mt thit b th nghim
c chp thun v phi xc nhn rng ph gia p ng cc quy nh trn.
Nu s dng qu mt loi ph gia, Nh thu phi np vn bn chng minh mi
ph gia u c th ho hp vi cc ph gia nh s dng khc v v trnh t pha trn
vi b tng c th t cc hiu qu mong mun.
Ph gia to bt v cc ph gia ha cht pha trn vo b tng trong mt dung
dch nc. Nc trn vo nh vy phi c coi nh mt phn ca lng nc c
php trn.
8.3.8 Ph gia khong cht
Cc ph gia khong cht phi ph hp vi cc yu cu sau:
Pozzolan bi tro v pozzolan t nhin nung -- AASHTO M295
(ASTM C618)
X l cao dng ht t -- AASHTO M 302 (ASTM C 989)
Mui silica (Silic ioxyt) -- AASHTO M 307 (ASTM C 1240)
Ch gii
Puzolan (tro bay, mui silica) v x l c dng sn xut cc b tng loi
P(HPC) v A(HPC) ko di th mnh khai thc.
Khng c trn vo b tng loi tro bay sn xut trong cc nh my s dng
phng php phun vi hoc s dng cc hp cht natri ammni hoc lu hunh
nh tro natri cacbonat thng dng kim sot s phun ta ca ng khi.
Mi chuyn hng ph gia phi c mt giy chng nhn ph hp da trn cc
kt qu th nghim v do ngi sn xut ph gia khong cht k xc nhn l vt liu
ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut trn y
Khi cc vt liu khc vi cc loi ni trn c a vo thnh phn thit k
ca b tng, cc tnh cht ca cc vt liu phi c xc nh nh quy nh trong
h s hp ng.
Ch gii
i khi, c th l thch hp s dng cc vt liu khc lm ph gia, th d, khi
b tng c thay i t c cng rt cao bng cch trn vo cc vt liu
c bit, nh:
Mui silica (Silic ioxyt),
Cc xi mng khc, ngoi xi mng portland hoc hn hp xi mng thy
lc,
Cc xi mng ng k c quyn sm t cng cao,
Cc x l cao dng ht t, v
Cc loi vt liu xi mng khc v/hoc c puzolan.

8.3.9 Thp
Cc vt liu v vic lp t ct thp v thp to ng sut trc phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca Phn 9 "Ct thp, v Phn 10 "To ng sut trc".

8.4 THIT K T L THNH PHN CA B TNG

8.4.1 Thit k hn hp b tng

8.4.1.1 Trch nhim v tiu chun
Nh thu phi thit k v chu trch nhim i vi tnh nng ca mi hn hp b

tng s dng trong kt cu. Cc t l ca hn hp chn la phi to ra b tng c th
thi cng d dng v c th hon thin c cho mi vic s dng d dinh v phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu nu

trong Bng 8.2.2-1 v tt c cc yu cu khc ca Phn ny.
Vi b tng t trng bnh thng, phi dng phng php th tch tuyt i m
t trong Tiu chun s 211.1 ca Vin b tng M la chn cc t l hn hp. Vi
loi P(HPC) c dng tro bay c php s dng phng php cho trong Tiu chun
s 211.4 ca Vin be tng M. Vi b tng t trng nh, t l pha trn phi c la
chn cn c vo cc m trn th da vo yu t xi mng hn l yu t t l nc/xi
mng c xc inh theo cng quy nh, v s dng cc phng php m t
trong Tiu chun s 211.2 ca Vin b tng M.
Ch gii
Thit k thnh phn b tng t trng bnh thng tham kho Tiu chun s
211.1, 1991; thit k thnh phn b tng t trng nh tham kho Tiu chun s 211.2,
1998 ca Vin b tng M (ACI).
Vi loi (PHPC) c dng tro bay, c php dng phng php cho trong Tiu
chun s 211.4, 1993 ca ACI.
Trong b tng loi P(HPC) v loi A(HPC), ngoi cng chu nn, cc tnh
cht khc cng quan trng nn thit k thnh phn b tng phi cn c c trn cc
tnh cht qui nh ch khng ch trn cng chu nn
Thit k hn hp phi cn c trn cc tnh cht quy nh. Khi cng b tng
c qui nh, hy chn mt cng bnh qun va cao hn cng quy
nh khi xt n kh nng bin i d kin ca b tng v ca cc phng thc
th nghim th khng qu 1/10 cc th nghim v cng c d kin l thp hn
cng quy nh. Cc thit k hn hp phi thay i trong qu trnh thi cng nu
cn thit m bo ph hp vi cc tnh cht qui nh ca b tng khi cn t v
khi ng cng. Vi loi P(HPC) v loi A(HPC) nhng thay i nh vy ch c
php sau khi thc hin cc m trn th chng minh l thit k thay i s lm b
tng c c cc tnh cht quy nh.

8.4.1.2 Th nghim m trn th
Vi b tng cc loi A, A(AE), P, P(HPC) v A(HPC), vi b tng t trng nh
v vi cc loi b tng khc, khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hay c lnh ca K
s, phi kim tra trong phng th nghim xem cc m trn th hn hp b tng theo
t l ngh c t hiu qu yu cu khng. Nh thu hoc Nh sn xut sn phm
c sn phi cung cp kt qu ca cc th nghim ny cho K s khi np thit k hn
hp kin ngh.
Ch gii
Trong b tng loi P(HPC) v loi A(HPC), ngoi cng chu nn,cc c

tnh khc cng quan trng. Tuy nhin, nu ch c cng chu nn c quy nh th
AASHTO M 241 (ASTM C685/C 685M) cung cp phng php xc nh cng
bnh qun yu cu.
Nu cc vt liu v mt thit k hn hp ging ht nh kin ngh c s
dng trn cng trnh khc trong nhng nm trc, bn sao c chng nhn ca cc
kt qu th nghim b tng trn cng trnh c th thay th cho cc kt qu th
nghim yu cu.
Cc tr s bnh qun t c t cc m trn th v cc c tnh qui nh, nh
cng , phi vt qu cc tr s thit k mt lng nht nh ty thuc vo kh
nng bin ng. Vi cng chu nn, cng bnh qun yu cu dng lm cn
c la chn cc thnh phn ca b tng c xc nh ph hp vi AASHTO M 241
(ASTM C 685/C 685M).
8.4.1.3 Chp thun
Tt c cc thit k hn hp v mi thay i cc thit k phi c K s
chp thun trc khi s dng. Cc s liu thit k hn hp cung cp cho K s i
vi mi loi b tng yu cu phi gm c tn, ngun gc, loi v nhn hiu ca mi
vt liu kin ngh s dng v khi lng b tng s dng theo n v mt khi.

8.4.2 Hm lng nc
tnh t l nc/xi mng ca hn hp, trng lng nc phi l trng lng
nc t do trong hn hp k c nc trn, nc trong mi dung dch ph gia v
lng nc trong ct liu vt qu lng cn thit t iu kin lm kh-b-mt-
bo-ha.
Lng nc s dng khng c vt cc gii hn lit k trong Bng 8.4.2-1
v nu cn phi gim bt to c b tng tha mn cc c tnh quy nh.

Bng 8.4.2-1 Gii hn th nghim st ca b tng t trng bnh thng
Loi cng trnh st danh nh,
mm
st ti a, mm
Cc thnh phm:
Tit din dy qu 300mm
Tit din dy 300mm tr xung

25-75
25-100

125
125
Cc c ti ch v cc khoan
khng rung
125-200 225
B tng di nc 125-200 225
lt mi dc 75-175 200
Khi dng cc ph gia gim nc th hng cao loi F hoc G, c th vt qu
cc gii hn st lit k trong Bng 8.4.2-1 nu K s cho php.
Khi thy st ca b tng vt qu st danh nh, hn hp ca m sau
phi iu chnh gim st ti mt gi tr trong phm vi danh nh. Cc m b tng
c st vt qu st ti a quy nh khng c s dng trong cng trnh.

Nu mc d thi cng ca b tng thch hp khng th t c bng cch
s dng hm lng xi mng ti thiu cho php th hm lng xi mng v nc phi
tng nhng khng vt t l nc/xi mng quy nh, hoc phi s dng mt ph gia
c chp thun.
8.4.3 Hm lng xi mng
Hm lng xi mng ti thiu phi nh ghi trong Bng 8.2.2-1 hoc theo qui nh
khc ghi trong h s hp ng. Vi loi P(HPC) tng hm lng vt liu xi mng phi
c qui nh khng vt qu 593 kg/m
3
b tng. Vi cc loi xi mng khc hm
lng xi mng hoc xi mng cng ph gia ha cht khng c vt qu 475 kg/m
3

b tng. Hm lng xi mng thc t s dng phi nm trong cc gii hn ny v phi
to ra b tng c cng , bn v hiu qu yu cu.
Ch gii
Nhiu b tng cng cao i hi mt hm lng xi mng ln hn gii hn
475kg/m3 AASHTO thng qui nh. Tuy nhin, khi hm lng vt liu xi mng vt
qu 593kg/m3 theo yu cu ca b tng cng cao, phi xt n vic ti u ha
cc thnh phn vt liu hoc vt liu thay th khc.
8.4.4 Ph gia khong cht
Cc ph gia khong cht phi c s dng vi khi lng quy nh trong vn
kin hp ng. Vi tt c cc loi b tng, tr cc loi P(HPC) v A(HPC), khi s dng
xi mng cc loai I, II, IV hoac V theo AASHTO M 85 (ASTM C150) v trong hp ng
khng ch nh m cng khng cm s dng ph gia khong cht th Nh thu c
php thay th:
ti 25% lng xi mng portland yu cu bng tro bay hoc puzolan ph hp
vi AASHTO M295 (ASTM C 618)
ti 50% lng xi mng portland yu cu bng x l ph hp vi AASHTO M
302 (ASTM C 989)
ti 10% lng xi mng portland yu cu bng silicafume ph hp vi
AASHTO M 307 (ASTM C 1240)
Ch gii
Cc ph gia ha cht c s dng rng ri trong b tng vi cc s phn trm
qui nh. Vi b tng loi P(HPC) v loi A(HPC), c th dng s phn trm khc nhau
nu cc m trn th chng minh l lng s dng cung cp cc c tnh qui nh.
c php thay th ti 25% lng xi mng portland cho moi loi b tng, tr
vi cc loi P(HPC) v A(HPC) c th thay th ti 50% xi mng portland.
Khi s dng mt t hp no gm tro bay, x l v khi silica, Nh thu c
php thay th ti 50% lng xi mng portland yu cu. Tuy nhin tro bay khng th
qu 25% v khi silica khng th qu 10%. Trng lng ph gia s dng phi bng
hoc ln hn trng lng xi mng portland c thay th. Trong tnh ton t l nc/xi
mng cho hn hp b tng, phi coi trng lng vt liu xi mng l tng s trng
lng ca xi mng v ca ph gia khong cht.
Vi b tng loi P(HPC) v loi A(HPC), c php dng cc ph gia ha cht
(pozzolan hoc x l) nh vt liu xi mng gm hn hp c xi mng portland hoc nh
mt thnh phn ring bit a vo my trn. Lng ph gia khong cht c xc
nh qua cc m trn th. T l nc/xi mng phi l t s gia trng lng ca nc
vi tng trng lng vt liu xi mng bao gm c cc ph gia khong cht. c trng
ca b tng khi mi trn v khi ng cng phi ph hp vi cc tr s qui nh.

8.4.5 Ph gia to bt v ph gia ho cht
Phi s dng cc ph gia to bt v ha cht nh theo qui nh trong h s
hp ng . Ngoi ra cc ph gia ny cng c th c s dng ty theo s la chn
v chi ph ca Nh thu khi c php ca K s tng tnh d thi cng hoc thay
i thi gian ho cng ca b tng
.
8.5 CH TO B TNG
Vic sn xut b tng trn sn v b tng sn xut trong cc trm trn c nh
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M157 v cc yu cu ca iu 8.5 ny.
8.5.1 Ct gi ct liu
Vic vn chuyn v ct gi cc ct liu b tng phi sao cho ngn nga c
vic phn tng hoc nhim bn cc vt liu l. Phi s dng cc phng php thot
nc thch hp m trong ct liu c ng u trong cc m trn. Cc kch c
ct liu khc nhau phi c ct gi trong cc ng khc nhau xa nhau vt liu
mp cc ng khng trn ln vo nhau.
Khi c qui nh trong Bng 8.2.2-1 hoc trong h s hp ng, ct liu th phi
phn tch thnh hai hoc nhiu c m bo ng u tt hn ca hn hp b
tng.
8.5.2 Ct gi xi mng
Nh thu phi b tr cc bin php ph hp ct gi v bo v xi mng khi b
m. V l do no xi mng b ho cng mt phn hoc cha cc cc xi mng
ng bnh th phi vt b. Xi mng ct gi trong mt thi gian trn ba thng nu l
ng bao, hoc, su thng nu l ng, hoc xi mng m v l do no K s
nghi ng b h hng, phi a th nghim li trc khi s dng trong cng trnh.
Phi cung cp bn sao h s v xi mng cho K s, mc chi tit theo yu cu
hp l ca ng ta, v lng xi mng dng trong ngy hoc dng trong mi b phn
cng trnh.
8.5.3 o lng vt liu
Vt liu phi c cn ong bng trng lng, tr khi c quy nh khc hoc
khi c qui nh khc i trong vn kin hp ng hoc khi c quy nh cho php dng
cc phng php khc. Thit b dng cn ct liu v xi mng phi thit k v thi
cng ph hp vi mc ch . Ct liu mi c v xi mng phi cn ring bit.
chnh xc ca tt c cc thit b cn phi sao cc khi lng cn o lin tip mc
chnh xc ti mc 1% ca khi lng mong mun. Xi mng ng trong bao tiu chun
khng cn cn, nhng xi mng ri th phi cn. Nc trn phi o theo th tch hoc
theo trng lng. chnh xc ca vic o lng nc phi trong phm vi sai s
khng qu I%. Tt c cc thit b o phi c chp thun v phi c th nghim
bng chi ph ca Nh thu. khi K s cho I cn thit.
Ch gii
Bao xi mng qui c c th tch l 0.028 m3 v trng lng l 43 kg.
Trong cc d n cho php o lng theo th tch, cc khi lng theo trng
lng phi chuyn i thnh khi lng theo th tch tng ng. Trong cc trng
hp ny, phi xt n s thay i v iu kin m ca ct liu, k c nh hng
xp ng ca ct liu nh c mc cho php thch hp.

Khi dng xi mng ng bao, khi lng ct liu cho mi m phi chnh xc
cho chn mt hoc nhiu bao xi mng v khng cho php c cc m trn vi mt phn
l bao xi mng.
8.5.4 nh lng m trn v trn b tng
8.5.4.1 nh lng m trn
Khi lng mt m khng c vt qu dung tch ca my trn theo m bo
ca Nh sn xut.
Vt liu o Ing phi c nh lng v a vo my trn trnh hao ht do
nh hng ca gi hoc cc nguyn nhn khc.
8.5.4.2 Trn
B tng ch c trn vi khi lng yu cu s dng ngay. Lng trn phi
nho trn u tt c cc thnh phn thnh mt hn hp ng u. Khng c
dng b tng bt u ho cng. Khng c php thm nc trn li b tng.
i vi b tng khng phi l b tng trn trong khi di chuyn, vt liu ca m
trn u tin cho vo my trn phi c mt lng d tha xi mng, ct v nc
ph mt lp mt trong ca trng trn m khng lm gim hm lng va yu cu ca
hn hp.
Khi th tnh nng ca my trn, nh m t trong AASHTO M 157, thi gian trn
yu cu i vi cc my trn c nh phi khng t hn 90 giy cng khng qu 5
pht. i vi cc my trn di ng, s vng quay ti thiu ca trng trn tc trn
m Nh sn xut khuvn dng khng c nh hn 70 v cng khng nh hn con s
m Nh sn xut khuyn dng.
Thit b tnh gi trn cc my trn c nh phi c trang b chung hoc thit
b bo hiu thch hp cho tn hiu r rng mi khi m kha. Trng hp thit b bo
gi b h, Nh thu c php tip tc vn hnh my trn trong khi sa cha thit b
bo gi. vi iu kin Nh thu s cung cp mt ng h c chp thun c c kim
pht v kim giy. Nu thit b bo gi khng c lp t trong trng thi lm vic tt
trong vng 24 gi, vic s dng tip my trn s b cm cho ti khi sa cha xong.
Vi cc khi lng nh b tng cn khn cp dng ngay hoc i vi cc b
phn khng then cht ca cng trnh, b tng c th trn th cng bng cc phng
php c K s chp thun.
Gia cc ln s dng, khi Ip v va nm trong thit b trn ho cng hoc
kh, phi co sch trc khi s dng li.
8.5.5 Cung cp b tng
T chc cung cp b tng phi c kh nng thit b v phng tin vn
chuyn m bo giao hng lin tc theo tc qui nh. Tc cung cp b tng
trong qu trnh b tng phi sao cho vic vn chuvn v hon thin b tng c
ng qui cch. Tc ny phi chn sao cho khong cch gia cc m b tng khng
qu 20 pht v phi khng to ra cc mch ni trong mt In lin khi do
b tng ti bn cnh b tng bt u ho cng. Cc phng php giao v vn
chuyn b tng phi sao cho vic b tng c d dng v gim n ti thiu vic
thao tc li v khng gy h hi cho kt cu hoc b tng.
8.5.6 Ly mu v th nghim
Phi xc nh vic tun th cc yu cu ch nh trong Phn ny l ph hp vi
phng php chun sau y ca AASHTO hoc ASTM:

Ly mu b tng ti, AASHTO T 141 (ASTM C 172)
Can theo mt khi, Sn lng v Hm lng khng kh (theo trng Ing)
ca b tng, AASHTO T 121 (ASTM C 138/C138M)
Phn-tch-sng ct liu nh v th, AASHTO T 27 (ASTM C 136)
st ca b tng xi mng Portland, AASHTO T 119 (ASTM C143/C143M)
Hm lng khng kh ca b tng ti trn bng phng php p lc,
AASHTO T 152 (ASTM C 231)
Trng lng ring v s hp th ca ct liu nh, AASHTO T 84 (ASTM C
128)
Trng lng ring v s hp th ca ct liu th, AASHTO T 85 (ASTM C
127)
Xc nh t trng ca b tng kt cu (t trng) nh, ASTM C 567
To v bo dng mu th nghim b tng trong phng th nghim,
AASHTO T126 (ASTM C 192)
To v bo dng mu th nghim b tng hin trng, AASHTO T 23
(ASTM C 31/C 31M)
Cng nn ca mu b tng hnh tr, AASHTO T 22 (ASTM C 39/C 39
M).
8.5.7 nh

gi cng b tng
8.5.7.1 Th nghim
Mt th nghim cng phi bao gm cng trung bnh ca ti thiu hai
mu th nghim cng nn hnh tr kch thc 150 x 300 mm hoc ti thiu ba
mu th kch thc 100 x 200 mm; cc mu c ch to t vt liu ly trong cng
mt m b tng chn bt k, tr khi nu mt mu c bit r rng l vic ly mu,
c mu hoc th nghim khng ng, th mu phi loi b v th nghim cng
ch bao gm cng ca s mu cn li. Nu cng quy nh vt qu
35MPa, s mu ca mi th nghim cng ti thiu phi l ba.
Ch gii
Vic s dng loi mu hnh tr 100 x 200 mm o lng cng nn ca b
tng ngy cng tng. Kt qu th nghim dng mu nh hn c bin ng cao hn
so vi dng loi mu 150 x300 mm. iu ny c b p bng yu cu ba mu
thay v hai mu. V vic o lng cng nn i vi b tng cng cao c tnh
quyt nh hn, nn vi c hai loi mu u yu cu s lng l ba.
8.5.7.2 kim tra cc thao tc thi cng
xc nh tnh chnh xc ca vic bo dng v bo v, v xc nh khi
no c th t ti hoc tc ng ng sut ln kt cu b tng, cc mu hnh tr th
nghim phi c bo dng ti v tr xy dng kt cu trong cc iu kin khng
thun li hn cc iu kin khng thun li nht i vI cc b phn kt cu m chng
i din, nh m t trong AASHTO T 23 (ASTM C 31/ C 31M), iu 9.4. Phi to v
th nghim s mu th nghim vo cc tui thch hp xc nh khi no cc thao
tc nh tho gio, tc ng cc lc to ng sut trc hoc a kt cu vo s
dng c th tin hnh.
8.5.7.3 nghim thu b tng

xc nh b tng c cng quy nh, cc hnh tr th nghim phi
c bo dng trong cc iu kin c kim sot nh m t trong iu 9.3 ca
AASHTO T 23 (ASTM C 31/C 31M) v th nghim tui quy nh. Cc mu th
nghim nghim thu cho mi loi b tng phi ly khng t hn mt In mt ngy cng
khng t hn mt In cho mi t 100 mt khi b tng hoc mt In cho mi t
ln.
Ch gii : Tui b tng khi t cng quy nh phi c nu r trong h s hp
ng.
Tr b tng loi P(HPC) v loi A(HPC), mi b tng m th nghim cho thy
c cng nh hn cng nn quy nh, tui quy nh, qu 35Mpa th phi
loi b v thay th bng b tng chp nhn c. Vic loi b nh vy l thng
thng tr khi l:
Nh thu, vi chi phi ca mnh, c c v np chng c m K s c th
chp nhn c l cng v cht lng ca b tng b loi l chp nhn
c. Nu chng c nh vy l cc li khoan ly t cng trnh, cc li
khoan phi Iy v th nghim theo cc phng php chun ca AASHTO T
24 (ASTM C 42/C 42M), hoc
K s xc nh rng b tng nm ti v tr khng gy mt tc hi khng
th dung th c cho kt cu v Nh thu ng gim thanh ton, n b
cho Ch u t v tn tht bn cng trnh v cc li ch khc.
Vi b tng loi P(HPC) v loi A(HPC), mi b tng m th nghim cho thy l
c cng nh hn cng quy nh, tui quy nh u phi loi b v thay
th bng b tng chp nhn c.
Ch gii:
Cng tui 28-ngy trc y thng c dng cho cc b tng c
cng di 40MPa. Lu di sau ny, lin quan ti cc loi b tng c hiu sut cao
(HPC), tui 56-ngy hoc ln hn c th l thch hp hn. Coi cng tui 56
ngy nh fc vi mc tiu 28-ngy c th l thch hp.
8.5.7.4 kim tra thit k hn hp
Mi khi gi tr trung bnh ca ba th nghim lin tip c lm xc nh kh
nng chp nhn b tng cho thy ri vo mc t hn 1.0 MPa trn cng quy nh,
hoc bt k mt th nghim ri vo mc ln hn 1.5 MPa di cng quy nh,
Nh thu phi bng chi ph ca minh c nhng thay i trong t l trn hoc trong
phng thc ch to b tng trc khi thm b tng ca loi . Cc s thay i
nh vy phi c K s chp thun trc khi tin hnh.
8.5.7.5 B tng c sn bo dng bng che ph kn, bng hi nc,
hoc bc x nhit
Khi mt cu kin b tng c sn c bo dng bng phng php che ph
kn, hi nc hoc bc x nhit, cc mu hnh tr th nghim cng nn, to ra
nhm bt k muc ch ni trn no, phi c bo dng trong cc iu kin tng t
nh ca cu kin. B tng ny c coi l chp nhn c khi mt th nghim cho
thy b tng t c cng nn qui nh khng lu hn tui qui nh cho
cng nn .
Cc mu th ch c bo dng bng mt trong nhng phng php sau :
Vi b tng c cng qui nh bng hoc nh hn 40 MPa, mu th
nghim phi c bo dng bn cnh cu kin v trong cng cc tm ph

sao mu tip xc vi cng iu kin nhit nh cu kin.
Vi tt c cc cng qui nh ca b tng, mu th nghim phi c
bo dng i ng trong cc phng, trong nhit trong phng tng
quan vi nhit ca cu kin trc khi ct cc tao thp ng sut trc.
Nhit trong phng v nhit cu kin c kim tra bng cc cm bin
nhit t trong phng v gn trong cu kin. Tr khi c qui nh khc, cc
cm bin trong dm ch I c t ti v tr trng tm ca cnh di. Vi
cc loi cu kin khc, cm bin nhit c t ti v tr trng tm ca tit
din dy nht. V tr t phi ghi r trong vn kin hp ng. Sau khi ct cc
tao thp ng sut trc, cc mu th phi c ct gi trong mi trng
cng nhit v cng m vi cu kin.

8.6 BO V B TNG TRONG CC IU KIN MI TRNG
8.6.1 Tng qut
Trong cc thao tc v bo dng b tng, ty cn thit, phi phng nga
bo v b tng khi b h hi do thi tit hoc do cc iu kin mi trng khc.B
tng b ng bng hoc b h hi khc do cc iu kin thi tit phi hoc I sa
cha ti tinh trng c th chp nhn c hoc loi b v thay th.
Nhit hn hp b tng ngay trc khi phi trong khong 10C v 32C,
tr khi c qui nh khc y.
8.6.2 Bo v khi ma
Khi ma, khng c bt u b tng hoc phi dng li tr khi c b tr
bo v tha ng ngn nga h hi cho va b mt hoc lm cho b mt b tng b
ra tri.
8.6.3 Bo v khi thi tit nng
Khi nhit xung quanh cao hn 32C, vn khun, c t thp, cnh dm thp v
cc b mt khc s tip xc vi hn hp b tng phi c lm ngui xung di
32C b ng cch phun nc hoc cc phng php khc c chp thun. Nhit
ca b tng lc phi duy tr trong phm vi nhit qui nh bng mt trong nhng t
hp sau y:
Che khu vc cha vt Iiu hoc thit b sn xut.
Lm mt ct liu bng cch phun nc ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu
8.3.2 Nc
Lm mt ct liu hoc nc bng cch lm lnh hoc thay mt phn hoc
ton b nc ca hn hp bng nc c lm bng hoc nghin ti
mc s tan hon ton trong khi trn b tng.
Phun nit lng.
8.6.4 Bo v khi thi tit lnh
8.6.4.1 Bo v trong khi bo dng
Khi thy kh nng nhit khng kh xung di 2C trong th i k bo dng,
Nh thu phi np K s chp thun trc khi b tng mt k hoch v bo
dng b tng trong thi tit lnh, chi tit ha cc phng php v thit b s dng
m bo s duy trf c cc nhit yu cu ca b tng. B tng phi duy tr nhit
khng di 7C trong su ngy u sau khi , tr khi dng xi mng pozzolan hoc

x l cao th thi k phi nh trong Bng 8.6.4.1-1:
Bng 8.6.4.1-1 Xi mng Pozzolan v Thi k bo dng

S phn trm xi mng thay th
bng puzolan
tnh treo trng lng

bng x l
Thi k yu cu
khng ch nhit
10% 25% 8 ngy
11 15% 26 35% 9 ngy
16 25% 36 50% 10 ngy

Yu cu trong Bng 8.6.4.1-1 v thi gian ko di khng ch nhit c th
khng cn nu cng nn t c 65% ca cng quy nh trong 6 ngy bng
cc mu bo dng ti ch, h thng bo dng i ng hoc phng php thun
thc.
Khi s dng cc t hp vt liu thay th xi mng, thi k yu cu khng ch
nhit ti thiu l 6 ngy v phi tip tc ko di cho n khi t c cng nn
bng 65% cng qui nh, bng cc mu bo dng ti ch, h thng bo dng
i ng hoc phng php thun thc.
Nu s dng t nng bn ngoi, nhit phi c tng v gim tng mc
u u sao khng b phn no ca b mt b tng b t nng ti qu 32
o
C hoc
tng nhit ln qu 11
o
C trong vng 8 gi.
Khi c yu cu ca K s, Nh thu phi cung cp v lp t hai nhit k loi ti
a-ti thiu ti mi a im kt cu. Cc nhit k ny phi lp t theo s ch dn ca
K s gim st nhit b tng v khng kh xung quanh trong thi k bo dng.
Ch gii: B sung Pozzolan hoc x l c th dn n s pht trin chm hn cc tnh
cht vt liu. Tuy nhin thi k bo dng di hn c th l cn thit. Tc nng v
lnh c gii hn gim thiu bin dng nhit. Liu lng cho vic lm chm tip
theo bng ph gia cn thc hin bng m trn th.
8.6.4.2 Trn v b tng
Khi nhit khng kh thp hn 2C, nhi t b tng Ic trong cc tit din
c b dy nh hn 300 mm phi khng thp hn 16C. Bt k nhit khng kh th
no, cc ct liu khng c c bng, sng gi v cc cc ng bng khi cn ong
vt liu, v b tng khng c ln bt k vt liu no c nhit l 0
C hoc nh
hn.
8.6.4.3 Hp nng hn hp
Khi cn thit, sn xut b tng c nhit quy nh, hoc nc trn, hoc
ct liu, hoc c hai phi c hp nng trc khi cn ong m trn. Hp nng phi
lm sao khng lm tn hi n hn hp v khng ngn cn hp thu lng khng
kh cn thit. Cc phng php s dng phi lm nng vt liu ng u. Khng c
hp nng ct liu trc tip

bng kh t, bng Ia hoc trn mt tm kim loi t trn
la. Ct liu v nc khng c hp nng qu 66C. Nu c ct liu no c hp
nng qu 38C th chng ph i trn trc vi nhau trc khi xi mng vo xi mng

khng tip xc vi vt liu nng trn 38C.
8.6.5 Cc yu cu c bit i vi mt cu
Trong cc thi k c m thp, gi hoc nhit cao v trc khi tin hnh
bo dng, b tng v hon thin ca mt cu phi c bo v khng h
hi do bc hi nhanh. Vic bo v ny phi thch ng phng nga lp v b mt
cng sm hoc tng nt khi kh. Vic bo v ny phi thc hin bng cch nng cao
m ca khng kh xung quanh bng my phun sng t pha u gi ca mt cu,
s dng cc hng ro che gi hoc che nng, gim bt nhit ca b tng, b
;
tr
thi gian b tng trong cc thi gian mt hn ca ngy hoc m, hoc kt hp cc
cch .
Vi cc mt cu nm trn hoc tip gip vi nc mn hoc khi c quy nh
trong h s hp ng, nhit ti a ca b tng lc phi l 27C.
8.6.6 B tng tip xc vi nc mn
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, b tng dng cho cc kt cu
tip xc vi nc mn hoc nc I phi p ng cc yu cu ca b tng loi
A(HPC). B tng ny phi trn vi mt thi gian khng di 2 pht v hm lng
nc ca hn hp phi khng ch v iu chnh cn thn sao to c b tng c
khng thm nc ti a. B tng phi c m cht hon ton theo cn thit
t t trng ti a v hon ton khng c cc ti . Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h
s hp ng, c ly tnh gia b mt b tng v ct thp khng c nh
,
hn 100
mm. Khng c to ra mt mi ni thi cng no gia cc cao mc nc thp
nht v mc nc cao nht hoc gii hn trn ca tc ng sng theo xc nh ca K
s. Gia cc mc nc ny cc vn khun khng c tho ra, hoc phi b tr bin
php ngn chn khng nc mn trc tip tip xc vi b tng trong thi gian
khng t hn 30 ngy sau khi b tng. Tr khi phi sa cha ti hoc bt cc l
thanh ging vn khun, b mt ban u ca b tng khi tho vn khun phi
nguyn khng ng ti. i vi cc cu kin c sn, phi x l c bit khi vn
chuyn trnh cc vt nt do bin dng, d nh nht
Ch gii
Vic thm nhp ca cc dung dch c hi s y nhanh s hy hoi ca b
tng. Tai ha mi trng ph bin nht l s n mn ct thp. Cc dung dch clorit ph
hoi lp bo v bao quanh ct thp, khi pht v y nhanh s n mn ct thp. B
tng phi c ch to vi cc thnh phn v t l thch hp, v c bo dng mt
thi gian trc khi tip xc vi mi trng khc nghit vic xm thc cc dung dch
c hi l ti thiu.
8.6.7 B tng tp xc vi t hoc nc sulfat
Khi h s hp ng xc nh b tng s tip xc vi khu vc c t hoc
nc sulfat th b tng phi l loi A(HPC) v c trn, v bo v khi tip xc
vi t hoc nc nh yu cu i vi b tng tip xc vi nc mn, tr khi thi gian
bo v khng t hn 72 gi
Ch gii
t hoc nc sulfat c th cha sulfat sodium, potassium, calcium hoc
manh mc cao. Vic thm nhp ca cc dung dch sulfat vo b tng c th dn
ti cc phn ng ha hc gy ra s phn hy ca b tng. Bi vy cc bin php
phng nga l cn thit gim thiu s xm thc ca cc dung dch sulfat c hi.
Vic trnh cc khe ni thi cng c th to thun li cho vic xm thc ca cc dung
dch sulfat, vic tuyn la vt liu ph hp, vic sn xut ra b tng c thm nc

thp v vic trnh pht sinh nt bng cch bo dng thch hp u l cn thit.
8.7 VN CHUYN V B TNG
8.7.1 Tng qut
B tng phi c vn chuyn, v m cht bng cc phng php khng
gy ra s phn tng ca hn hp v lm cho b tng c cht ch ng nht, khng
c cc l rng v cc ti . Cc phng php s dng khng c lm x dch ct
thp hoc cc vt liu khc chn trong b tng. B tng phi c v m trc
khi bt u ng kt v trong mi trng hp khng c qu 1,5 gi k t lc
cho xi mng vo hn hp.
B tng khng c nu vn khun, tt c cc vt liu s gn bn trong v
i vi mng m rng c tnh thch hp ca vt liu mng cha c K s gim st
v chp thun. Tt c va cn li ca cc ln b tng trc, cc rc ri v vt l
phi loi ra khi khun v thp trc khi bt u b tng. Vn khun v Ip mt
nn phi lm m hon ton bng nc ngay trc lc b tng vo. Cc thanh
chng tm thi ca vn khun c th ti ch cho ti khi vic b tng khng cn
n chng, sau chng s c tho b.
Vic b tng cho mi on kt cu phi tin hnh lin tc khng ngng gia
cc mi ni thi cng theo k hoch nh hoc gia cc khe co gin. Tc cung
cp b tng, trnh t v cc phng php phi sao cho b tng phi lun lun c
v c kt bn cnh khi b tng trc khi lp b tng ny bt u ho cng.
Trong v sau khi b tng, phi ch khng lm h hng b tng hoc ph
v dnh kt vi ct thp. Cng nhn khng c i li trn b tng ti. Cc sn dnh
cho cng nhn v thit b khng c t trc tip trn bt k ct thp no. Mt khi b
tng ho cng, khng c tc ng lc vo vn khun hay cc thanh ct thp th
ra ngoi b tng, cho ti khi b tng cng khng b h hng.
8.7.2. Trnh t b tng
Mt khi quy nh hoc chp thun mt k hoch hoc mt thi gian biu
b tng th trnh t b tng phi theo ng k hoch ny. Tr khi c quy nh cho
php khc trong h s hp ng, phi p dng cc yu cu trong cc on sau y.
8.7.2.1 Cu kin thng ng
B tng dng cho ct, kt cu phn di, tng cng, v cc cu kin thng
ng tng t khc phi v ho cng v ln trong mt thi gian trc khi b
tng cho cc cu kin nm ngang gn lin vi chng, nh m ct, tm bn hoc b
. Thi gian ny phi tha ng cho php In hon ton do mt nc v khng t
hn 12 gi i vi cc cu kin thng ng cao trn 4500 mm v khng t hn 30 pht
i vi cc cu kin cao trn 1500 mm nhng khng qu 4500 mm. Khi lp cc ai ma
st hoc cc gi cngxon gio trn cc cu kin thng ng nh vy, v tr khi
c chp thun lm khc, cu kin thng ng phi ti ch t nht by ngy v
phi t c cng quy nh trc khi tc ng ti trng t cc cu kin nm
ngang.
8.7.2.2 Kt cu phn trn
Tr khi c php lm khc, ch c b tng trong cc kt cu phn trn
sau khi cc vn khun kt cu phn di c tho d xc nh tnh cht
ca b tng kt cu phn di bn di.
B tng dm T hoc cc nhp dm mt cu c chiu cao nh hn 1200 mm
c th lin tc trong mt t hoc c th lm hai t, th nht ti nh thn dm,
v th hai, xong ton b. Vi dm T hoc cc nhp dm mt cu c chiu cao 1200

mm hoc ln hn, v tr khi gio l khng b un do, b tng phi lm hai t,
v sau khi thn dm, phi t nht 5 ngy trc khi tm bn mt cu.
B tng dm hp c th trong hai hoc ba t ring r gm bn y, thn
dm v bn mt. Trong c hai trng hp, phi bn y trc v tr khi c K
s cho lm khc, ch c b tng bn mt sau khi thn dm c t nht 5
ngy.
8.7.2.3 Vm
B tng trong cc vnh vm phi sao khun vm c cht ti ng u
v i xng. Cc vnh vm phi c thnh cc on ngang vi kch thc sao mi
an c th trong mt t lin tc. Vic phn on v trnh t phi c chp
thun v phi sao trnh c vic to ra cc ng sut ban u trong ct thp. Cc
an phi lin kt vi nhau bng cc kha hoc cht thch hp. Tr khi h s hp
ng cm khng cho lm, cc khun hnh vm lm cng hoc cc vm khc c th
lin tc trong mt t.
8.7.2.4 Cng hp
Ni chung, tm bn y hoc mng ca cng hp phi c b tng v
ho cng trc khi thi cng phn cn li ca cng. i vi cc cng c tng cao
1500 mm tr xung, tng bn v tm bn mt c th trong mt t lin tc. Vi
cc tng cng cao hn, phi p dng cc yu cu i vi cc cu kin thng ng.
8.7.2.5 Cu kin c sn
Trnh t b tng ca cc cu kin c sn phi m bo b tng c chc,
khng xut hin vt nt do ln hoc co ngt trong ton b cu kin.
8.7.3 Phng php b tng
8.7.3.1 Tng qut
B tng phi tht st gn v tr cui cng ca n mc c th v khng
c php dng m rung xi, san rng khi b tng ti.
B tng c thnh cc lp nm ngang c b dy khng vt qu tm vi
ca m rung c kt b tng v ha n vi lt trc. Trong mi trng hp b
dy ca mt lp khng c vt qu 600 mm. Tc b tng khng c vt
tc gi thit thit k vn khun c xt hiu chnh theo nhit thc t ca b
tng .
Khi cc thao tc b tng c th lin quan n vic rt b tng cao qua 1500
mm, b tng phi qua mt ng dn lp vo mt u phu, hoc qua cc dng c
c chp thun khc, cn thit phng nga hn hp b phn tng v vy va ln
thp v vn khun pha trn cao lp ang . Yu cu ny khng p dng cho cc
ti ch khi vic b tng c hon thnh trc khi b tng trc bt u ho
cng.
8.7.3.2 Thit b
Tt c cc thit b dng b tng phi c kh nng tho ng v c thit
k v thao tc sao ngn nga hn hp phn tng hoc tn tht va. Thit bi
khng c gy ra chn ng c th lm h hi b tng mi . Thit bi khng c
c cc b phn bng nhm tip xc vi b tng. Gia cc ln s

dng, lp o va mt
trong ho cng hoc kh ca thit b b tng phi co sch khi thit b trc
khi dng li.
Cc mng phi lt bng vt liu kn nc, nhn nhi v khi c dc qu ln,
mng phi trang b cc tm vch lm i hng hoc o chiu.

Cc brn b tng phi hot ng sao to ra mt dng hn hp b tng lin
tc khng c cc ti khng kh. Khi bm xong, b tng cn li trong ng dn, khi dng
n ng dn, phi c phun ra sao khng lm bn b tng hoc lm phn tch
cc thnh phn.
H thng bng chuyn khng c vt qu mt tng chiu di bng 168.000
mm, o t u ny ti u kia ca h thng. B bng chuyn phi b tr mi on
s rt vo mt phu thng ng chuyn sang on sau. gim n ti thiu vic
phn tng cc thnh phn b tng, phi t cc thanh gt trn phu ca mi on sao
gt va dnh vo bng chuyn v a c vo phu. u thot ra ca h bng
chuyn phi trang b mt phu v mt mng hoc cc b phn hung dng lm cho b
tng rt thng ng vo khu vc b tng.
8.7.4 m cht b tng
Tt c cc loi b tng, tr b tng trong nc v b tng c min tr
khc, phi c m cht bng rung c hc ngay sau khi .
Tr cc iu nu y, phi rung bn trong khi b tng. C th dng cc m
rung gn ngoi vn khun i vi cc tit din mng khi vn khun c thit k cho
vic rung ngoi.
m rung phi thuc loi v thit k c chp thun v c kch thc thch
hp vi cng trnh. Chng phi c kh nng truyn rung ng cho b tng vi cc tn
s khng nh hn 75 Hz.
Nh thu phi b tr s lng m rung m cht tho ng mi m b
tng ngay sau khi vo khun. Nh thu cng phi c t nht mt m rung d
phng c th dng ngay c khi c m hng.
Cc m rung phi thao tc sao tc ng ti ton b b tng xung quanh ct
thp v cc chi tit g lp chn trong b tng v ti cc gc cnh ca vn khun. Chn
ng phi tc ng ti im b tng v trong khu vc b tng mi . Cc m
rung phi a vo t t v rt ra t t khi b tng. Chn ng phi c thi gian v
cng c kt hon ton b tng nhng khng c c tip tc to ra s
phn tng cc thnh phn. Chn ng cng khng c ko di ti bt k mt im
no ti mc to thnh cc khu vc va cc b. Cc m rung phi t cch nhau
ng u v khng c cch nhau xa qu 1,5 ln bn knh hot ng c hiu qu r
rng.
Chn ng khng c t trc tip vo, hoc qua ct thp vo, cc on hoc
cc lp b tng ng cng ti mc b tng ngng bin do khi chu chn ng.
m rung khng c dng di chuyn b tng trong vn khun.
Ni dng n loi m rung ngp chm trong b tng c kt phn bao quanh
ct thp c bc epxy, cc m rung phi c trang b cc v bc bng cao su hoc
vtliu phi kim loi.
Vic rung b tng phi c b sung bng cch xc su, nu cn thit, m
bo to nn cc b mt nhn v b tng cht dc theo cc b mt vn khun v ti
cc gc v cc v tr m rung khng vi ti c.
Khi c K s chp thun, b tng dng cho cc b phn nh khng then
cht, c th s dng x beng v xng thch hp m ln.
8.7.5 b tng di nc
8.7.5.1 Tng qut
Ch c b tng dng trong cc vng vy bt nc mi c th c trong

nc, tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng hoc c s chp thun c
bit ca K s. Nu khng phi l b

tng loi S c trong nc, hm lng xi
mng ti thiu ca hn hp phi tng thm 10% b tn tht do b nc ra tri.
ngn nga ct liu b phn tng, b tng trong nc phi cn thn
thnh mt khi cht ch, ti v tr cui cng ca n, bng ng rt, bm b tng hoc
phng php khc c chp thun m khng b xo trn sau khi . Phi duy tr
nc lng ti im b tng rt xung, v cc khun dui nc phi kn nc. Vng
vy phi c l thot trong khi v bo dng b tng cn bng p lc thy tnh v
do ngn nga dng nc chy qua b tng.
B tng di nc phi lin tc t lc bt u ti khi xong. B mt b
tng phi gi gn nh nm ngang mc c th. m bo dnh kt hon ton,
mi lp k tip phi trc khi lp trc bt u ho cng. Vi cc ln ln, phi
dng nhiu ng rt hoc bm m bo c yu cu ny.
8.7.5.2 Thit b
Mt ng rt gm mt ng kn nc c ng knh khng nh hn 250 mm v
lin kt khp vi mt phu u trn. ng rt phi c sao cho php u x
chuyn ng t do trn ton b b mt bn trn cng trnh v cng cho php h thp
nhanh khi cn thit lm chm hoc dng dng b tng. u x phi bt kn lc bt
u cng vic ngn khng nc lt vo ng khi ng y b tng. Sau khi bt
u b tng, ng rt phi gi y b tng ti y phu. Nu nc vo trong ng khi
bt u b tng, ng rt phi rt ln, bt li u x v li b tng. Khi mt m
vo phu, dng b tng c to ra bng cch nhc nh u x ln, Iun lun
gi u ng trong b tng rt xung. Dng b tng phi lin tc cho n khi hon
thnh. Khi cc thanh chng khung vy lm vng ngn cn vic chuyn ng ngang
ca ng rt, phi dng mt ng rt cho mi khu vc ca vng vy.
Bm b tng dng b tng di nc phi gm mt dng c ti u ng
x bt kn nc trong khi ng c y b tng t u. Mt khi dng b tng
bt u chy, y ng x phi gi lun y b tng v thp hn b mt lp b tng
rt xung cho ti khi b tng xong.
8.7.5.3 Dn dp
C th tin hnh ht nc sau khi cc mu th nghim, bo dng trong cc
iu kin tng t, cho thy b tng cng chu c cc ti trng d
kin. Tt c cc sa xi mng hoc cc vt khng ng c khc u phi ly i ht khi
b mt l ra bng cch co, c hoc cc bin php khc m khng lm h hi n b
mt b tng trc khi b tng mng.
8.8 MI NI THI CNG
8.8.1 Tng qut
Ch c lm cc mi ni thi cng ti ch c quy nh trong h s hp ng,
hoc ch ghi trn thi gian biu b tng, tr khi c chp thun khc. Tt c cc
ct thp trong thit k phi ko di khng t an qua mi ni. Trng hp khn cp,
mi ni thi cng phi t theo ch dn ca K s v nu c ch dn, phi t thm ct
thp cht qua mi ni. Thp thm ny phi do Nh thu cung cp v t vi chi ph
ca mnh
8.8.2 Lin kt
Tt c cc mi ni thi cng Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc
mi ni nm ngang c th khng c cht kha cn cc mi ni thng ng phi thi
cng vi kho chng ct. B mt b tng ti ti mi ni thi cng nm ngang phi xoa

th lm cht ch hon ton b mt v c dng trong tnh trng c nhm.
Cc kha chng ct gm nhng hc lm c to thnh trn b mt, bao ph khong
1/3 b mt tip xc. Vn khun lm kha phi vt cnh khi tho khng lm h hng
b tng.
Phi ra sch va xi mng trn mt, hp cht bo dng v cc vt l khc
trc khi b tng ti In b mt ca mi ni. Phi dng cch thi phun ct hoc
phng php c chp thun khc lm sch mi ni thi cng rim ngang ti mc
l ra ct liu sch. Tt c mi ni thi cng u phi xi nc ri kh ti trng
thi kh b mt ngay trc khi b tng.
8.8.3 Lin kt v cht neo vo kt cu c
Khi h s hp ng quy nh b tng mi phi lin kt vo kt cu b tng
c trc , phi lm sch v di nc b tng c nh quy nh trong iu 8.8.2
Lin kt. Khi h s hp ng cho thy l cht neo thp c phun va trong cc l
khoan vo b tng c ti cc mi ni thi cng nh vy, th cc l phi khoan bng
cc phng php khng lm v hoc h hng b tng bn cnh l. ng knh ca l
khoan phi ln hn ng knh danh nh ca cht 6 mm, tr khi trong h s hp
ng c ghi khc. Va phi l bt xi mng Portland ha vi nc. Hm lng nc
khng c qu 15 lt nc cho 43 kg xi mng. Khng c php trn li va. Ngay
trc khi t cht, cc l phi lm sch ht bi v cc vt c hi khc, v hon ton
bo ha nc, phi vt ht nc t do v l phi lm kh ti trng thi kh b mt.
Phi va vo l khng cn khong trng sau khi cm cht. Va phi bo
dng t nht ba ngy hoc ti khi cht c ngm cng trong b tng.
Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c K s chp thun, c th
dng epxi thay cho va xi mng Portland lin kt cht vo b tng c. Khi s
dng epxi, phi trn va t theo ng khuyn co ca Nh sn xut.
8.8.4 Vn khun ti cc mi ni thi cng
Khi ti cc mi ni thi cng vn khun ph chm ln phn b tng trc
, chng phi c xit kht li trc khi b tng mi. Cnh mt ca tt c cc
khe ni l ra nhn thy phi lm vn khun gn gng bng cc vch ngn thng hoc
cc di bng chia cp, hon thin cn thn bng cch khc khp vi tuyn v cao .
8.9 KHE GIN N V CO NGT
8.9.1 Tng qut
Cc khe gin n v co ngt phi thi cng ti cc v tr v theo ng cc chi tit
quy nh trong h s hp ng. Cc khe loi gm cc khe h, khe nhi y, khe bt
bng cc cht bt kn hoc vt ngn nc, khe c tng cng bng thp tm hoc
thp hnh v khe t hp cc c trng trn.
Khi yu cu dng n cc b bt khe chu nn c bng plime hoc khe mt
cu, chng phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Phn 19, Tm bt khe ni mt cu.
8.9.2 Vt Iiu
8.9.2.1 Cc tm nhi khe gin n c sn
Cc tm nhi khe gin n c sn phi ph hp vi mt trong cc yu cu sau:
Tiu chun k thut i vi tm nhi khe gin n c sn dng cho mt
lt b tng v thi cng kt cu, AASHTO M 213 (ASTM D1751).
Tiu chun k thut i vi tm nhi khe gin n bng cao su xp c
sn v li-e dng cho tm thm b tng v thi cng kt cu, AASHTO M
153 (ASTM D1752). Khng c dng Loai II (li-e) khi c yu cu bin

dng n hi.
Tiu chun k thut i vi tm nhi khe gin n c sn dng cho b
tng, AASHTO M 33 (ASTM D 994).
8.9.2.2 Tm nhi bng tm Polystyrene
Tm nhi phi l loi polystyrene gin nt c cng chu un ti thiu bng
0,24 MPa nh quy nh trong ASTM C 203, v cng un nn gia 0,1 v 0,3 MPa
ti nn 5%. Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng, hoc c yu cu trnh lm h
hng khi b tng, b mt tm polystyrene phi c ph mt bng mt tm p
cng dy 3 mm ng nh quy nh trong ANSI A.135.4.
8.9.2.3 Vt liu khe co ngt
Vt liu t trong cc khe co ngt phi gm c tm pht tm atphan hoc vt
liu chng dnh kt khc c chp thun.
8.9.2.4 Cht lng bt khe c th rt c
Cc cht lng bt khe dc cc mp trn ca cc khe co hoc nhi y khe
gin phi ph hp vi mt trong s quy nh sau:
Cht bt rt nng phi ph hp vi AASHTO M 282 (ASTM D 3406), tr
khi cht bt khng tip xc trc tip vi vt liu atphan thi phi ph hp
vi AASHTO M 301.
Cht bt rt ngui phi l loi silicon ph hp vi Tiu chun lin bang
TT-S-1543, Loi A. Cht bt phi l loi cao su silicon mt-phn muyn
thp, vi gin di cc hn bng 1200%.
Di xp polyethylene, dng nh ch dn trong vn kin hp ng, phi c
cht lng thng mi, c b mt trn Ing bng, lin tc, khng thm
nc, ph hp gi cht bt lng cao thch hp trong khe ni khi
ng cng.
8.9.2.5 V bc kim loi
Cc b v bc khe gin n phi ch to t thp ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
Phn 23, "Kim loi linh tinh. Cc b v ny phi c ch to chnh xc v nn thng
ti xng sau khi ch to v m km theo s cn thit ph hp vi tit din b
tng.
8.9.2.6 Tm chn nc
Cc tm chn nc phl thuc kiu loi, kch c v hnh dng nu trong h s
hp ng. Chng phi cht ch, ng cht v khng c l hoc cc khuyt tt khc
8.9.2.6.1 Tm chn nc bng cao su
Tm chn nc bng cao su c lm t cao su tng hp hon ton bng
neoprene, gia cng mui than, oxit km, cc cht polyme ha v cc cht lm mm.
Hp cht ny phi c khng t hn 70% neoprene theo th tch. Cng chu ko
phi khng nh hn 19 MPa vi gin di khi t bng 600%. Ch s cng o
theo thc o cng Shore phi nm gia 50 v 60. Sau 7 ngy trong khng kh
nhit 701C ho c sau 4 ngy trong oxy nhit 70 1C v p Ic 2MPa, cng
chu ko khng nh hn 65% cng ban u.
Cc tm chn nc cao su phi c vi mt tit din ngang nguyn vn trong
cc khun ph hp, to ra mt on ng u vi mt bin ng v kch thc cho
php bng 0,8 mm. Khng c php ni trong cc di thng. Cc di v cc b
phn lin kt c bit phi bo dng tt theo mt cch bt k tit din ngang no

cng phi cht ch ng nht v khng c l hng. Cc ch ni chng cc b phn
lin kt c bit phi c hon ton. Trong thi gian lu ha cc khe ni phi gi cht
bng cc kp ph hp. Vt liu ti cc mi ni phi cht ch, ng nht trn ton b
tit din ngang.
8.9.2.6.1.2 Cc tm chn nc Polivinylchloride
Cc tm chn nc Polyvinylchioride phi ch to bng cng ngh p n t
mt hp cht cao su do, cht nha c bn trong l polyvychloride (PVC). Hp
cht phi cha bt k cht ph gia no nh nha, cht ha do, cht n nh hoc cc
vt liu cn thit khc m bo l, khi vt liu c tng hp li, n s p ng
c cc yu cu v tnh nng ghi trong bn tiu chun ny. Khng c dng PVC
ti sinh hoc cc vt liu khc.
Vt liu phi tun th cc yu cu vt l sau y khi th nghim theo phng
php th nghim ASTM ch dn:
Bng 8.9.2.6.2-1 Phng php th nghim ASTM yu cu

Trng lng ring ASTM D 792 1,35 Max
cng trn my o ASTM D 2240 755
Cng ko ASTM D 412 12,5 MPa
gin di ASTM D 412 350%
Tnh gin khi lnh ASTM D 746 -37C
cng khi chu un ASTM D 747 2,4MPa

8.9.2.6.3 Tm chn nc bng ng
ng phi ph hp vi Tiu chun v ng l, ng ming, ng tm v ng
thanh cn, AASHTO M 138M/M 138 (ASTM B 152/B 152M) v phi p ng th
nghim tnh ho gin trong Phn 10 ca AASHTO M 138M/M 138 (ASTM B 152/B
152M).
8.9.2.6.4 Th nghm vt liu tm chn nc
Nh sn xut phi chu trch nhim v vic th nghim, trong phng th nghim
ca mnh hoc trong mt phng th nghim thng mi c chng nhn, v cc
vt liu tm chn nc, v phi np cho K s ba bn sao c chng thc v cc kt
qu th nghim.
8.9.3 Lp t
8.9.3.1 Cc khe ni h
Cc khe ni h phi thi cng bng cch chn vo to khun sau rt ra mt
thanh g, mt tm kim loi hoc mt vt liu c chp thun khc. Vic chn tm
khun vo ri rt ra phi thc hin m khng lm st m hoc v cc gc ca b tng.
Khi khng c v kim loi bo v, cc khe h trn mt cu v ng ngui i phi
c hon thin bng mt dng c gt mp. Trong khi hon thnh cng vic hon
thin b tng, phi qut sch khi cc khe h tt c cc va v cc mnh v khc.

8.9.3.2 Cc khe nhi y
Khi cc khe nhi y, c quy nh trong h s hp ng, phi s dng cc
tm nhi loi c sn tr khi tm polystyrene c c bit yu cu s dng. Tm nhi
cho mi khe ni phi gm cng t lp cng tt. Cc mp tip gip ca vt liu nhi phi
tht thng hng vi nhau v kht cht, hoc khi cn thit phi v nh, ngn khng
va lt vo. Vt liu nhi khe phi neo vo mt pha ca khe bng cht dnh kt khng
thm nc hoc bng cc phng php khc ngn khng n bt ra khi khe lm
nh hng ti nn ca vt liu.
8.9.3.3 Cc khe ni c bt
Trc khi t cc cht bt khe lng c th rt c, phi loi b tt c cc vt l
ra khi khe, vt liu nhi phi ct bt ti chiu su ghi hoc c chp thun, v b
mt ca b tng s tip xc vi cht bt phi c lm sch bng cch thi phun ct
nh. Khi c yu cu, phi t mt di xp polyethylene trong khe ni gi cht bt v
cch ly n vi vt liu nhi. Sau vt liu bt c trn v ph hp vi ch dn
ca Nh sn xut. Mi vt liu khng dnh kt vi cc cnh ca khe ni trong vng 24
gi sau khi t, phi tho ra v thay th.
8.9.3.4 Cc tm chn nc
Cc tm chn nc bng kim loi, cao su hoc cht do phi c lp t theo
quy nh trong h s hp ng. Khi c b tr chuyn dch ti khe ni, cc tm chn
nc phi l loi cho php chuyn dch m khng b h hng. Chng phi c ni,
hn hoc gn to thnh mt khe ni lin tc kn nc.
Phi c cc bin php ngn khng cc tm chn nc c th dch chuyn
hoc b h hng do cc thao tc thi cng hoc cc cch khc. Tt c cc b mt ca
tm chn nc phi gi khng c du, m, va kh hoc mi cht l khc.trong khi
ang gn tm chn nc vo b tng. Phi dng cc bin php m bo tt c cc
b phn ca tm chn nc c thit k chn trong khe u c khi b tng
cht ch bao kn.
8.9.3.5 Cc b v bc kim lai ca khe gin n
Cc b v bc phi t sao cho mt trn ca chng khp vi mt phng b mt
b tng tip gip hon thin trn sut chiu di b v bc. Khi t b v boc phi p
dng cc phng php hu hiu c th gi chng ng v tr trong sut qu trnh
b tng. m rng ti cc khe gin n phi l m rng quy nh trong h s
hp ng nhit bnh thng hoc theo ch dn ca K s nu cc nhit
khc, v phi ch trnh lm thu hp tnh khng ca khe bng bt k cch no.

8.10 HON THIN B TNG DO
8.10.1 Tng qut
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, sau khi b tng c kt v
trc khi bo dng, tt c cc b mt khng nm st vn khun ca b tng phi v
mt cho ti cao hoc dc quy nh v hon thin b mt bng cch dng bay g
xoa cht kn b mt. Trong khi b tng cn trng thi d thi cng, tt c cc khe
thi cng v khe gin n phi c thao tc cn thn bng mt dng c mit cnh.
Cht nhi khe phi l ra.
8.10.2 Hon thin b mt ng
Tt c cc mt cu, cc bn dn ln cu, v cc b mt b tng khc dng
chy xe phi c hon thin thnh mt b mt nhn, khng trn trt ph hp vi

iu ny. Trong khi thao tc hon thin, Nh thu phi b tr cc cng c thch hp v
thun li thc hin cng vic ng cch, k c vic phun v cc hp cht bo
dng phun m, v kim tra cng vic.
8.10.2.1 V mt v xoa
Sau khi b tng c v c kt theo iu 8.7, Vn chuyn v b
tng, mt cu hoc cc bn mt trn ca cc kt cu dng lm mt ng phi c
hon thin bng cc my hon thin c ng c c chp thun. C th dng cc
phng php hon thin th cng nu c K

s chp thun i vi cc cu di
khng qu 15 m hoc i vi cc khu vc khng bnh thng khng th s dng my
c.
Tt c cc b mt phi c v bng thit b v chy trn ng ray hoc cc
thanh t ngang. Cc ray, thanh ngang v thit b v phi cng v c iu
chnh mt b tng sau khi c v s ph hp vi mt nghing v tit din ngang
d kin.
Cc ray hoc thanh ngang phi t trn cc gi khng b cong on v phi
lp t hon ton ng ch v c c nh chc chn trn mt on di nh cho
vic b tng trc khi c php b tng. ng ray dng cho my hon thin
phi ko di ra qu c hai u chiu di d nh b tng mt on bn xoa
ca my x l hon ton b tng . Cc ray hoc thanh ngang phi c th iu
chnh c v cao v khi lp t phi xt n ln d kin, vng v vng
ca gio, ty theo s cn thit t c mt b mt hon thin theo ng
dc v tit din yu cu. Cc ray hoc thanh ngang phi cng mt loi v phi t sao
khng bi ny hoc vng di trng lng ca thit b hon thin v phi v tr
thch hp thit b hon thin c th hot ng khng ngng trn ton b b mt
ang hon thin. Khi cn thit phi iu chnh cc ray hoc thanh ngang hiu chnh
ln hoc vng khng d kin c th xy ra trong thao tc hon thin. Nu cc
gi ray t trong khu vc b tng ang , ngay khi khng cn cn dng na, phi
di chuyn chng xung thp hn b mt hon thin 50 mm v lp ch trng bng b
tng ti.
Trc khi bt u vic giao b tng, my hon thin, hoc trong trng s
dng th cng, dng c v bng tay phi hot ng trn ton b khu vc phi hon
thin kim tra v vng qu rnc ca ray, v b dy cn c ca mt cu v lp
ph bo v ct thp, v kim tra hot ng ca tt c thit b. Mi cng vic hiu chnh
cn thit phi thc hin trc khi bt u b tng.
My hon thin phi di ng trn mi khu vc ca b mt nhiu In ty theo yu
cu t c dc v tit din ngang yu cu. Phi lun gi mt t b tng tha
pha trc li ct ca thanh gt. Lng b tng d tha ny phi c di chuyn
trn sut on ng ti mp

ca m hoc ti vn khun, v khng c vo
tm bn m phi b i.
Sau khi san v, b mt phi c hon thin bng mt bn xoa, trc ln hoc
dng c c chp thun khc ty theo cn thit loi b mi ch g gh cc b v
li va trn b mt b tng lm cu trc mt sau ny.
Trong qu trnh thao tc hon thin, nc d tha, va xi mng, hoc cc vt l
a vo b mt khng c dng li trong tm bn, m phi loi b ngay khi xut hin
bng thanh qut cao su hoc thc san phng ko t tm tm bn ra hai mp.
Khng c thm nc ln b mt b tng h tr thao tc hon thin.
8.10.2.2 R bng thc kim tra

Sau khi hon thin nh m t trn, ton b b mt phi c Nh thu
kim tra bng mt thanh thc kim loi di 3m thao tc song song vi ng tim ca
cu v phi cho thy khng c ch no chnh qu 3mm k t mp kim tra ca thc.
Vi cc b mt mt cu s c ph mt lp vt liu khc dy 25mm hay hn na,
chnh ny khng c vt 10 mm trn chiu di 3000 mm. Cc chnh vt qu
yu cu ny phi c sa cha trc khi b tng ho cng. Thao tc kim tra phi
tin hnh bng cch t thc ln sau chm ln mt na ln trc.
8.10.2.3 Lm cu trc mt
B mt phi c mt cu trc khng trn trt to bng cch ko mt bao ti hay
tm thm, qut bn chi, k vch, hoc mt t hp cc phng php . Phng
php s dng phi theo nh quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc theo s chp thun
ca K s. Cc b mt s c ph mt mng chng thm nc khng cn lm cu
trc th. Chng c hon thin thnh mt b mt nhn, khng c gn va v cc vt
li lm.
Cng tc ny phi lm sau khi xoa v vo lc v bng cch sao c th to ra
c cu trc mong mun trong khi gim n ti thiu vic dch chuyn cc ht ct liu
ln.
8.10.2.3.1 Ko bao ti
Nu cu trc b mt c thc hin bng cch ko ti, b mt phi hon thin
bng cch ko mt di bao ti t khng c ng ni trn ton b chiu rng ca b
mt. Tm bao ti phi gm s lp ti v c chiu di tip xc vi b tng k
vch nh ln lp mt v phi chuyn ng ln pha trc vi cong ti thiu ca
mp trc. Bao ti phi gi m, sch, khng mang theo cc ht b tng cng. Khc
vi cch dng bao ti K s c th chp thun hoc ch th cho dng tm thm hoc
tm c nhn to thuc loi v kch thc c chp thun.
8.10.2.3.2 Qut mt
Nu cu trc b mt c hon thin bng qut mt, b mt phi c qut khi
b tng cng. Chi phi l loi c chp thun. Cc nht qut phi vung gc
vi phng tm bn, t mp ny qua mp kia, vt sau hi chm ln vt trc, v thc
hin bng cch ko chi m khng lm rch b tng nhng sao to ra cc np gn
sng u nhau su khng qu 3 mm. B mt b tng c hon thin nh vy phi
khng c im r, cc d tt, cc ch lm, cac ti nh hay cc im x x do tnh c
xo trn cc ht ct liu th nm st b mt khi thao tc qut ln cui.
8.10.2.3.3 Co mt
Nu hon thin bng cch co b mt, ng tc co phi thc hin theo hng
ngang bng mt bn chi si thp, lc hoc bn xoa ch c mt hng rng hoc g
sc.Cc rnh co phi rng t 1,5 mm ti 5 mm v cch nhau t 12 mm ti 20 mm,
tm ti tm. Vic co mt phi dng li cch ng b va trn mt cu 300 mm. Khu
vc tip gip vi va ng

phi hon thin bng cch co nh theo hng dc cu.
Mt phng n khc, vic co b mt c th thc hin bng cch dng mt my c
chp thun, thit k chuyn dng cho vic co hoc chi b mt b tng.
8.10.2.4 Th nghim v sa cha b mt
Sau khi b tng ng cng, K s s kim tra b mt lng ng hon thin
trn cu khng phi ph mt lp mi mn. Mi bin i trn b mt vt qu 3 mm
trong phm vi thc kirn tra di 3 m phi nh du. Nh thu phi sa cha cc ch
khng u ny bng mt thit b san bng hoc bo rnh b tng to mt b mt c
cu trc bng u v x x so vi b tng xung quanh m khng lm v hoc gy

h hng khc cho phn b tng cn li.
8.10.3 Hon thin b mt ng ngi i
Sau khi b tng ng bn l v mt ng dnh cho ngi i b c
ti ch, b tng phi c m cht v b mt c v bng mt bn v v xoa bng
mt bn xoa bng g hay li-e. Nu c ch dn, sau phi chi nh b mt theo
phng ngang. Phi dng mt dng c bo mp gt cc mp v khe gin n. B mt
khng c bin i qu 3 mm di thc kim tra 3 m. B mt phi c cu trc ni
ht hoc th rp khng trn khi t.
B mt l ng phi to l thnh khi vung bng mt dng c to rnh quy
nh trong h s hp ng hoc theo ch dn ca K s.
8.10.4 Hon thin bng bay v bn chi
Cc b mt quy nh trong h s hp ng l phi hon thin bng bay u tin
phi c hon thin nh quy nh trong iu 8.10.1, Tng qut. Sau , khi b tng
ng cng mt phn, b mt phi c hon thin cho nhn bng bay thp ti khi
lng bng khng cn chy nc, tip theo phi c chi bng mt bn chi mn, qut
song song.
8.10.5 B mt bn di gi cu
Khi cc tm kim loi c t trc tip trn b tng hoc trn vt liu nhi c b
dy nh hn 3 mm, trc ht b mt phi c hon thin bng mt bn xoa. Sau khi
b tng ho cng, din tch s tip xc vi tm kim loi phi mi, tu theo s cn
thit, to ra mt b gi y n v bng phng. Khi cc tm c t trn vt
liu nhi dy t 3 mm n 12 mm, b mt b tng phi hon thin bng bay thp
khng chi v phng ca b mt hon thin ch c bin i trong phm vi 1,5
mm di thc kim tra t trn b mt theo mi pha. Cc b mt khng p ng
bng phng yu cu phi mi cho ti khi chp nhn c.
Cc b mt di gi cao su v di cc tm kim loi ta trn lp va hoc trn
lp vt liu nhi dy t 12 mm tr

ln phi hon thin bng bn xoa g ti khi bng
phng v u n, khng c vt gn.
8.11 B O DNG B TNG
8.11.1 Tng qut
Tt c cc b tng mi phi c bo dng ngn nga mt nc bng
cch dng mt hoc mt s phng php quy nh y. Tr i vi b tng loi
A(HPC), vic bo dng phi bt u ngay sau khi nc t do thot ht khi b
mt v cng vic hon thin hon thnh. i vi loi b tng loi A(HPC), vic bo
dng bng nc phi bt u ngay sau khi hon thnh cng vic hon thin. Nu b
mt b tng bt u kh trc khi c th p dng phng php bo dng la chn,
b mt b tng phi gi m bng cch phun nc nh sng m khng lm h
hng b mt.
Bo dng khng dng cc phng php dng mng ph kn nc, hi nc
hoc nhit bc x, phi tin hnh lin tip khng ngng trong 7 ngy, tr khi dng
pozzolan qu 10% (theo trng lng) ca xi mng Portland trong hn hp. Khi dng
pozzolan nh vy, thi gian bo dng phi l 10 ngy. Ngoi cc tm bn trn nh
ca cc kt cu dng lm mt ng hon thin v b tng loi A(HPC), cc thi
k bo dng nh trn c th gim v chm dt bo dng khi cc mu th nghim
bo dng trong cng iu kin vi kt cu cho thy cng b tng t t nht
70% cng quy nh.
Khi K s cho l cn thit trong cc thi k thi tit nng, phii cung cp nc

cho b mt b

tng ang bo dng bng phng php rnng lng hoc bng
phng php vn-khun-tich, cho n khi K s xc nh khng cn n tc dng
lm mt na. Vic dng nc nh vy c thanh ton nh cng vic lm thm.
8.11.2 Vt liu
8.11.2.1 Nc
Nc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 8.3.2 Nc.
8.11.2.2 Mng lng
Hp cht to thnh mng lng bo dng b tng phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca AASHTO M 148 (ASTM C 309).
8.11.2.3 Vt liu mng khng thm nc
Giy khng thm nc, mng polyethylene v tm polyethylene bao b trng
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca ASHTO M 171 (ASTM C 171).
8.11.3 Cc phng php
8.11.3.1 Phng php vn-khun-ti-ch
Cc b mt b tng c dng vn khun c th c bo dng bng cch
vn khun ti ch khng tho ra trong thi gian yu cu.
8.11.3.2 Phng php nc
B mt b tng phi gi lin tc m t bng cch di nc, phun nc, hoc
ph bng cc vt liu gi lin tc hon ton t. Cc vt liu ny c th I cc tm
thm bng, bao b nhiu lp hoc cc vt liu khc c chp thun, khng lm i
mu hoc lm h hng b tng.
8.11.3.3 Phng php bo dng bng mng hp cht lng
Khng c s dng phng php mng lng trn cc b mt cn phi hon
thin bng cch ch xt hoc trn cc b mt c mi ni thi cng, tr khi n c loi
b bng cch thi ct trc khi b tng ln mi ni. Ch c th s dng cc mng
lng kiu hai, c cht nhum trng trn cc b mt mt cu, trn cc b mt khng l
ra nhn thy c khi cng trnh hon thnh hoc trn cc b mt c K s chp
thun cho s dng.
Khi dng cch bo dng bng mng lng, b tng l ra phi hon ton bt kn
ngay sau khi nc t do thot ht khi b mt. Cc b mt c khun phi bt ngay
sau khi tho khun v lm xong cng vic hon thin cn thit. Dung dch c phun
bng thit b phun my trong mt hoc hai lt. C th dng my phun th cng
ph cc khu vc nh. Dung dch mng c cha cht nhum mu phi trn k trc khi
s dng v khuy lin tc trong khi phun. Nu dung dch c phun thnh hai lt,
lt th hai phi sau lt th nht 30 pht. Phi b tr y thit b, cng vi bin
php kim tra chnh xc v m bo ph dung dch bo dng ln b mt b tng
thnh mt lp ph ng u vi mc 1 lt trn 4m
2
.
Nu ma ln b tng mi ph khi mng ph cha kh, khng b h hng,
hoc nu mng b h v mt l do no trong thi k bo dng, phi ph mt lp
dung dch mi ln cc phn b nh hng vi mc bo dng nh quy nh trn
y.
8.11.3.4 Phng php ph tm khng thm nc
Phng php ny gm c vic ph b mt bng mt tm khng thm nc
ngn khng cho b tng mt m. Ch c th dng phng php ny khi lp ph c

th m bo ngn cn c tha ng vic mt m.
B tng phi t khi t tm ph. Cc tm ph phi c b rng ln nht c th
v cc tm ph tip gip nhau phi ph chng In nhau ti thiu 150 mm v phi bt
kn bng bng dnh, matt, keo dn hoc cc phng php c chp thun khc
to thnh mt tm ph hon ton khng thm nc cho ton b b mt b tng. Tm
ph phi c nh khng b gi lm x dch. Nu mt b phn no ca tm ph b
rch hoc h hng trc khi ht thi hn bo dng, phn b rch hoc h hng phi
sa cha ngay. Cc on mt tnh cht khng thm nc khng c s dng
na.
8.11.3.5 Phng php bo dng bng hi nc nng hoc nhit bc x
Phng php ny ch c th s dng cho cc cu kin b tng c sn

ch to
trong xng.
Bo dng bng hi nc hoc nhit bc x phi tin hnh trong mt bung
kn cha hi nc nng hoc nhit. Hi nc phi c p lc thp v bo ho. Phi s
dng cc thit b ghi nhit kim sot nhit l ng u trong bung v trong
phm vi quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Khng c a hi nc hoc nhit vo bo dng trc khi b tng bt u
ng cng, tr khi duy tr nhit trong bung bo dng nm trn nhit ti
thiu quy nh. Thi gian ng cng ban u c th xc nh bng phng php
chun Th nghim thi gian ng cng ban u ca hn hp b tng bng lc
chng xuyn, AASHTO T 197 (ASTM C 103/C 403M).
Trong thi gian ch i, nhit trong bung bo dng khng c nh hn
10C v c th dng hi nc nng hoc nhit bc x duy tr nhit ti thiu
thch hp trong bung bo dng. Trong thi gian ny phi gi cho b tng lun t.
Vic a hi nc nng khng c a trc tip ln b tng hoc ln vn
khun gy ra nhit cao cc b. Trong ln u a hi nc nng hoc nhit vo,
nhit trong b tng phi tng vi mc trung bnh khng qu 22C trong mt gi
cho n khi t nhit bo dng. Nhit bo dng ti a trong b tng khng
c vt qu 71C. Nhi t ti a phi c duy tr cho ti khi b tng t c
cng mong mun. Khi ngng a hi nc, nhit b tng khng c gim
vi mc vt qu 11C mi gi cho ti khi t nhit cao hn 11C so v i nhit
khng kh b tng tip xc.
Nhit bc x c a vo bng cc ng hi tun hon du nng hoc nc
nng, hoc bng cc phn t t nng bng in. Bo dng bng nhit bc x phi
tin hnh trong mt bung kn thch hp gi nhit, v tn tht m phi gim n
ti thiu bng cch ph tt c cc b mt b tng l ra bng mt tm cht do hoc
bng cch phun mt lp mng hp cht bo dng lng c chp thun. Cc b
mt bn trn ca cc cu kin b tng dng trong kt cu lin hp phi c lm sch
ht cc phn cn li ca hp cht bo dng khng lm gim

dnh kt xung
di gii hn thit k. Cc b mt cc cu kin b tng, m cc vt liu khc s dnh
kt vo trong kt cu hnh thnh, cng phi c lm sch ht cc phn cn li ca
hp cht bo dng khng lm gim dnh kt xung di gii hn thit k.
Vi cc cu kin c ng sut trc, vic truyn lc to ng sut ln b tng
phi thc hin ngay sau khi ngng bo dng bng hi nc nng hoc nhit bc x.
Ch gii
V b tng cng cao pht ra nhiu nhit hydrat ha hn loi b tng
thng, iu quan trng l nhit b tng phi c kim sot cht ch hn vi b

tng thng. Cng l quan trng, vic truyn lc to ng sut ln b tng phi xy ra
trc khi nhit ca b tng gim. Nu khng c th gy ra nt theo hng thng
ng trn dm.
Vi loi b tng loi P(HPC), thit b sens-nhit phi c t trong b tng
kim tra xem nhit c ng u trong ton b b tng hoc trong phm vi quy nh.
8.11.4 Mt cu
B mt pha trn ca mt cu phi c bo dng bng mt t hp phng
php mng lng hp cht bo dng v phng php dng nc. Mng lng phi l
loi 2, c cht nhum mu trng, v phi ph ln cc cu ang hon thin mt cch
tng dn v ngay sau khi thao tc hon thin xong cho mi on mt cu. Bo
dng nc phi thc hin khng chm hn 4 gi sau khi hon thin xong mt cu
hoc, i vi cc on mt cu trn hon thnh cng vic hon thin.
Khi dng b tng loi A(HPC) lm mt cu, vic bo dng nc phi thc hin
ngay sau khi hon thin xong mi on mt cu v phi duy tr trong mt th gian ti
thiu l 7 ngy bt k cng l bao nhiu. Nu iu kin khng cho php p dng
ngay phng php bo dng nc, sau khi hon thin xong phi s dng ngay mt
cht lm chm bc hi hoc p dng vic phun m duy tri mt m cao pha trn
mt cu ngn khng mt cu b kh. Tip theo thi k bo dng nc, tin hnh
vic phun lp mng lng hp cht bo dng ko di thi k bo dng.
Ch gii
B tng tnh nng cao c khuynh hng gim thiu lng nc d, c bit khi
dng mt t l nc/vt-liu-xi-mng thp km theo cc ph gia khong cht. Kt qu
lm mt tc dng bo v ngn bc hi ca lng nc d trn b mt b tng ti.
Bin php hiu qu nht bo v b tng l bo dng nc cng sm ngay sau
khi lm xong cng vic lng hoc lt mt, nhng khng chm hn 15 pht sau khi
xong mi on mt cu. Nu khng lm th c, phng n tt nht tip theo l ngn
hoc gim vic mt m ca b tng cho n khi tin hnh bo dng nc.
Trong phng php bo dng nc, b mt b tng dc gi t lin tc.
Phng php thch hp nht l ph ln trn b tng cc vt liu nh thm bng, tm
ph nhiu lp hoc vt liu khc khng lm mt mu hoc h hng b mt b tng v
gi cho lp ph hon ton v lin tc t. Vic bo dng nc cn phi ko di ti
thiu 7 ngy bt k cng b tng. Vic s dng mt hp cht bo dng sau khi
bo dng nc ko di thi k bo dng trong khi cho phep Nh thu i ln mt
cu.
Mng lng loi 2 c cht nhum mu trng c xc nh trong AASHTO M 148
(ASTM C 309).
8.12 HON THIN B MT B TNG TRONG VN KHUN
8.12.1 Tng qut
Cc b mt b tng trong vn khun c hon thin c phn loi nh
sau:
Loi 1---Hon thin bnh thng
Loi 2---Hon thin mi
Loi 3---Hon thin bng dng c
Loi4---Hon thin thi ct
Loi 5---Hon thin bng bn chi thp hoc c ra

Tt c cc b tng phi hon thin theo loi 1, hon thin b mt bnh thng,
v sau nu cn hon thin thm, s quy nh loi hon thin cn lm.
Nu khng c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc b mt l ra, tr mt
di ca kt cu v cc mt trong , mt y ca cc dm b tng cng phi hon thin
theo loi 2, hon thin mi.
Ch p dng cc loi hon thin 3, 4 hoc 5 khi c quy nh trong h s hp
ng.
8.12.2 Loi 1 - Hon thin bnh thng
Ngay sau khi tho d vn khun, phi loi b cc ba via, mp m trn tt c cc
b mt l ra hoc cc b mt khng thm nc. Cc ch phnh hoc li ra u phi
loi b bng mi hoc a mi.
Phi loi b cc ti cc b dnh kt khng tt, hoc b tng t ong v thay
th bng b tng tt hoc va chn nh quy nh trong iu 8.14,Va v va phun.
Nu theo kin ca K s, cc ti nhiu n mc c th nh hng n cng
kt cu lm gim tui th ct thp, K s c th tuyn b b tng b h hng v yu
cu loi b v thay th cc phn kt cu ny.
Trn tt c cc b mt c l hng do cc thanh ging vn khun to ra v tt c
cc l khc, cc gc v mp b v v cc khuyt tt khc phi c lm sch hon
ton, sau khi lm bo ha nc phi trt cn thn bng va theo iu 8.14. Vi
cc b mt l phi thm xi mng trng vo va vi mt lng lm ch v khi
kh s n khp vi b tng xung quanh. Va dng trt khng c Iu qu mt
gi. Sau b tng phi mi nu c yu cu, hoc bo dng tip theo quy nh trong
iu 8.10, Hon thin b tng do. Cc mi ni thi cng v khe co gin trong cng
trnh hon thnh, phi li nguyn vn khng dnh va v btng. Cht nhi khe
phi l trn sut chiu di vi cc mp chun v sch.
Cc b mt hon thin xong phi chun v ng u. Cc b mt sa cha,
nu v ngoi khng c tha ng phi mi nh quy nh trong iu 8.12.3, Loi 2--
-Hon thin mi.
8.12.3 Loi 2 - Hon thin mi
Sau khi tho vn khun, vic mi b tng phi bt u cng sm chng no
tnh trng b tng cho php. Ngay trc khi bt u cng vic ny, b tng phi hon
ton bo ha nc. Phi i thi gian m h xung mc va dng trt
cc l thanh ging v cc khuyt tt hon ton ho cng. Cc b mt hon thin s
c mi bng carborundum th trung bnh, c dng mt lng nh va trn mt
. Va phi gm xi mng v ct nh, trn theo cng t l s dng trong b tng
ang hon thin. Vic mi phi tip tc cho n khi cc du vt vn khun, cc ch li,
cc ch khng u c ty sch, cc l rng c lp y, v t c mt b mt
ng u. H bt do mi to ra phi nguyn ti ch.
Sau khi hon thnh mi cng vic khc c th nh hng n b mt th
vic hon thin cui cng phi tin hnh bng cch mi bng carborundum mn v
nc. Vic mi ny phi tip tc cho n khi b mt cui cng c mt cu trc nhn v
mu sc ng u.
Sau khi vic mi hon thnh v b mt kh, b mt phi c mi bng
bao ti loi b bt ri khng cn cc ch v khng tt, va nho, bt v cc du
vt khng ng c.
Khi dng cc vn khun kim loi, vn khun si p, vn khun c o lt hoc
vn khun g dn trong cc iu kin tt, K s c th hy b yu cu hon thin loi

2 (mi) khi vic hon thin loi 1 t c ng u v mu sc v cu trc cn
bn ging nh c th t c vi vic hon thin loai 2. Trong cc trng hp ny,
c th s dng cch mi bng my mi, bng thi ct mn hoc bng cc bin php
khc c K s chp thun kt hp vi vic hon thin loi 1.
8.12.4 Loi 3-- Hon thin bng dng c
Vic hon thin loi ny i vi cc tm panen v cc cng trnh tng t khc
c th thc hin bng ba c rng, cuc chim, dng c c o, hoc cc dng c
c chp thun khc. Nn u tin s dng cc dng c khi ng bng kh nn.
Khng c c o trc khi b tng ho cng c t nht 14 ngy v lu hn
na, nu cn thit, ngn nga cc ht ct liu bt ra ngoi b mt.
Ch gii
Mt b mt hon thin bng dng c th hin mt tp hp cc ht ct liu v
nm trong mt cht nn va, mi ht ct liu hi ni ln.
8.12.5 Loi 4 -- Hon thin bng thi ct
B mt b tng c hon ton bo dng phi thi bng ct cng, sc
cnh to thnh mt b mt u, ht mn trong va b thi i l ra cc ht
ct liu.
8.12.6 Loi 5 - Hon thin bng bn chi thp hoc c ra
Ngay sau khi tho d vn khun v trong khi b tng cn tng i ti, b mt
phi c c ra hon ton v ng u bng bn chi si thp hoc si cng, c s
dng mt dung dch axit muriatic vi t l mt phn axit, bn phn nc, theo th tch,
cho ti khi mng hoc b mt xi mng hon ton b loi b, l ra cc ht ct liu li
mt cu trc si ri u n, cho thy mt v ngoi c cc kt khi granit t mn ti
th, ty thuc vo loi cp phi ct liu s dng. Khi vic c chi tin trin to
ra cu trc mong mun, ton b b mt phi c di ra bng nc c pha mt
Ing nh amni lm sch cc vt axit.

8.13 CC CU KIN B TNG C SN
8.13.1 Tng qut
Cc cu kin b tng c sn c thi cng v lp t trong cng trnh ph hp
vi cc chi tit quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Nu c K s chp thun, c th s dng cc phng php c sn cho cc
b phn cng trnh c ch dn thi cng theo phng php c tich. Khi kin ngh
vic c sn nhu vy, Nh thu phi np cc bn v thi cng ghi r cc chi tit mi ni
thi cng v mi thng tin khc m K s yu cu.

8.13.2 Bn v thi cng
Mi khi c quy inh trong h s hp ng hoc c yu cu ca K s, Nh thu
phi np cc bn v thi cng v cc cu kin c sn. Cc bn v ny phi gm tt c
cc chi tit khng c cung cp trong h s hp ng lin quan n thi cng v lp
t cc cu kin v phi c chp thun trc khi c sn bt k cu kin no. Vic
chp thun nh vy khng min tr bt k trch nhim no ca Nh thu ghi trong hp
ng v vic hon thnh thng li cng trnh.
8.13.3 Vt liu v Ch to

Vt liu v qu trnh ch to s dng vi cc cu kin b tng c sn phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu trong cc iu khc ca Phn ny, tr cc yu cu c sa i
hoc b sung bng cc quy nh tip theo y.
Khi cu kin c sn c ch to trong cc bi c chnh thc, Nh sn xut
phi chu trch nhim v vic gim st lin tc cht lng ca tt c cc vt liu v
cng b tng. Cc th nghim phi thc hin theo cc phng php thch hp
trong AASHTO hoc ASTM. K s phi c php quan st tt c cc vic ly mu v
th nghim v cc kt qu ca tt c cc th nghim phi K s s dng khi cn.
Cc xng ch to cu kin b tng c sn chnh thc phi c chng ch,
theo Chng trnh chng nhn ca Vin B tng c sn/ng sut trc (PCI) hoc
mt chng trnh tng ng, v loi sn phm c ch to.
Nhn vin kim sot cht lng Xng ch to phi c chng nhn trong
Chng trnh chng nhn nhn vin kim sot ca PCI, Trnh III. Cc yu cu ny
cng c th p ng bng kinh nghim v chng ch tng ng. (Tt c on gch
chn c th phi sa i cho ph hp vi iu kin VN, vn trn tinh thn cng xng
phi c chng ch, nhn vin kim sot cht lng cung phi c chng ch, nhng theo
cn c no v do c quan no cp Ngi dch).
Cc cu kin c sn phi c trn cc nn mng hoc cc tm vt liu cng.
Phi ch

c bit khi c cc b mt gi sao chng c th lin kt ng cch
vi cc b phn khc ca kt cu.
Vi cc cu kin c sn ng sut trc, nhiu n v cu kin c th c trn
mt tuyn lin tc v to ng sut cng mt ln. Phi khong cch gia u cc
cu kin ch i vo ct cc tao thp sau khi b tng t cung yu cu.
Cc vn khun bn c th tho ngay khi vic tho chng khng gy ra mo m
cho b mt b tng, vi iu kin vic bo dng khng b gin on. Cc cu kin
khng c nhc ln khi sn c cho n khi cng ca chng ngn nga
h hng.
Nu sau ny s b tng c ti ch In b mt trn ca cc dm c sn,
cc b mt ny phi c hon thin vi mt cu trc th bng cch chi vi mt bn
chi th, cng. Trc khi chuyn ch, cc b mt ny phi lm sch ht va xi mng
hoc cc vt liu l khc bng cch thi ct hoc bng cc phng php c chp
thun khc.
Khi cc cu kin c sn c thit k gi u vi nhau trong cng trnh
hon thnh, mi cu kin phi c gi u vi cc phn on tip gip m bo
khp ng khi lp rp. V cc phn on c c gi u nn chng phi c t
thng hng chnh xc to ra c kt cu cui cng ng hnh dng. Trong khi xp
thng hng, phi iu chnh b vng.
8.13.4 Bo dng
Tr khi c php lm khc, cc cu kin c sn phi bo dng bng
phng php nc, hoc phng php hi nc nng hoc nhit bc x. c
php dng lp ph cch nhit bng phng php ph khng thm nc. Khi dng
phng php ph khng thm nc, nhit khng kh di lp ph khng c
di 10C v c th dng hi nc nng hoc nhit bc x duy tr nhit trn
mc ti thiu. Nhit ti a ca b tng trong qu trinh bo dng khng c vt
qu 71C. Phi gi lp ph ti ch cho n khi cng nn ca b tng t cng
quy nh d ng sut hoc tho khun,
Ch gii

Mi phng php bo dng u yu cu nhit b tng phi nm trong
khong t 10C n 71C. p dng phng php lp ph khng thm nc cho php
b tng cng cao t bo dng khngcn thm hi nc nong hoc nhit bc x.
Vic s dng lp ph cch nhit ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu bn ngoi.
8.13.5 Lu kho v cu lp
Phi thao tc ht sc cn thn khi cu lp v di chuyn cc cu kin b tng
c sn. Dm c sn phi vn chuyn trong t th ng thng v phng phn lc
i vi cu kin phi nh khi v tr cui cng. Cc im ta khi vn chuyn v lu
kho cn nm cch v tr cui cng trong phm vi 750 mm, nu khng v tr phi c
xc nh trn bn v thi cng.
Khng c vn chuyn cc cu kin b tng c sn cho n khi th nghim
cc mu th hnh tr, c ch to bng cng th b tng v bo dng trong cc
iu kin ging nh cc dm, cho thy b tng ca cu kin t cng nn
bng cng nn thit k quy nh ca b tng trong cu kin.
Phi thn trng

trong khi lu kho, nng h v cu lp cu cc cu kin c sn
ngn nga nt hoc h hng. Cc cu kin h hng do lu kho hoc cu lp
khng ng cch phi thay th vi chi ph ca Nh thu.
8.13.6 Lp rp
Nh thu phi chu trch nhim v an ton i vi cc cu kin c sn trong
mi giai on thi cng. Cc thit b nng phi s dng sao khng gy ra cc lc
un, lc xon lm h hng. Sau khi mt cu kin c lp t v cn cha c
c nh vo kt cu, cn thit phi b tr cc thanh ging tm chng gi v cc ti
trng khc.
Cc tm vn khun c sn b tng mt cu phi lp t sao cho cc b mt
dnh lin phi tht kht nhau va khng b r r qu nhiu. Nu khng lm kht
c nh vy, cc khe ni phi trt kh hoc bt bng mt hp cht xm c chp
thun trc khi b tng ti ch. Cc tm b tng u cc kt cu xin c th ca
khp vi xin.
8.13.7 Cht dnh kt epoxi dng trong dm hp phn on c sn
8.13.7.1 Vt liu
Cc cht dnh kt epoxi dng cho cc mi ni c gi u phi l 100% cc
thnh phn cht rn-nhit khng cha dung mi hoc bt k mt thnh phn hu c
khng phn ng no tr cc cht nhum mu cn thit cho vic to mu. Cc cht
dnh kt epoxi phi c hai thnh phn, mt thnh phn nha v mt cht lm cng. Hai
thnh phn ny phi nhum mu khc nhau hn hp ra mt mu th ba tng t
vi mu ca b tng trong cc phn on ni vi nhau, v phi ng bao b, ghi nhn
theo t l sn sng s dng,
Cc cht dnh kt epoxi phi theo cng thc c phm vi nhit cho php
lp dng cc phn on c gi u cc nhit nn t 4
O
C ti 46C. Nu hai b
mt dnh kt vi nhau c cc nhit nn khc nhau, phi dng loi cht dnh c
th dng nhit thp hn.
Cc cht dnh kt epoxi phi khng nhy cm vi cc iu kin m t khi qut
ln v sau khi bo dng phi cho b tng bo dng cng dnh kt cao,
chng nc tt, cc c trng t bin thp v cng ko cao hn b tng. Ngoi
ra, cc cht dnh kt epoxi phi c chc nng nh mt cht bi trn trong khi ni cc
phn on c gi u, nh mt cht nhi gn kht b mt cc phn on vi nhau
v nh mt cht dnh kt bn vng, kn nc ti khe ni.

Cc cht dnh kt epoxi phi th nghim xc nh tnh d thi cng, thi gian
ho cng, thi gian do (xem nh ngha Ch gii ca Th nghin 3), cng dnh
kt v chu nn, lc ct v phm vi nhit lm vic. Tn s tin hnh th nghim
phi theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Nh thu phi np cho K s cc mu vt liu th nghim m bo cht
lng, v chng ch ca mt phng th nghim c lp c uy tn ch r vt liu qua
cc th nghim yu cu.
Cc tnh cht c trng ca epoxi v cc th tc th nghim c dng o
cc tnh cht phi theo cc iu ni trong cc tiu mc sau y.
8.13.7.1.1. Th nghim 1- Dng chy x ca hp

cht dnh kt epoxi
Phng php th nghim: Khng c quy nh
Tiu chun k thut: Hp cht dnh kt epxy phi theo AASHTO M 235M/M
235 Loi VI, Cp 3 (khng x) v tnh bn vng mc nhit ch nh khi dng ca
cht dnh kt s dng.
Ch gii
Th nghim chy x ca mt hp cht dnh kt epoxi khng c o trc
tip. Bng 1 ca AASHTO M 235M/M 235 quy nh cc c trng cho cc loi, cp v
hng khc nhau ca cc cht dnh kt.
6.13.7.1.2 Th nghim 2 Thi gian ho cng ca hp cht dnh kt epoxi
Phng php th nghim: ASTM D 2471 (tr khi th vi lng 1 lt v 4 lt)
Tiu chun k thut: Ti thiu 30 pht cho lng t 1 lt ti 4 lt nhit ti a
ca phm vi nhit s dng thit k. (Ghi ch: Khng c nhm ln thi gian ho
cng vi thi gian do quy nh trong Th nghim 3).
Ch gii
Thi gian ho cng c xc nh trn cc hp cht mu nh quy nh trong
phng php th nghim. N cung cp mt hng dn v thi gian hp cht dnh kt
trong bnh trn cn thao tc c trong qu trnh phi qut ln b mt c ghp gi
u
8.13. 7.1.3 Th nghim 3 Thi gian do ca cht dnh kt
Phng php th nghim: Thi gian do c xc nh bng cch s dng
cc mu th ni chi tit trong iu 8.13.7.1.4, Th nghim 4 Un ko ba-im.
Cht dnh kt epxy, nhit p dng quy nh cao nht, c trn vi nhau v qut
ln cc lng tr b tng theo nh ch dn trong Th nghim 4, cc lng tr ny cng
ang nhit s dng quy nh cao nht. Cc lng tr ph cht dnh kt phi c
gi trong 60 pht nhit s dng quy nh cao nht vi mt hoc nhiu b mt ph
cht dnh kt l khng che ph trc khi ni ghp. Tip cc lng tr ni ghp
c bo dng v th nghim theo ch dn trong Th nghim 4.
Cht dnh kt epoxi ch c th c chp nhn nhit s dng quy nh khi
gn nh ton b va v ct liu b tng b gy m cht dnh kt khng h b ph hoi.
Cc tnh hung thi cng i lc c th yu cu qut cht dnh kt epoxi ln tit
din c sn trc khi lp rp, nh v v lp ghp. Thao tc ny c th yu cu cc
cht dnh kt epxy c thi gian do ko di. Ni chung, khi iu kin lp dng l cc
tit din cn dnh kt c nh v trc khi qut epoxi, cht dnh kt epoxi ti thiu
phi c thi gian do l 60 pht trong phm vi nhit s dng quy nh.
Ch gii

Th nghim thi gian do ca cht dnh kt o mc d rhi cng ca cht
dnh kt epxy trong cc thao tc lp rp v to ng sut trc ko sau.
Nh c th nghim y, thi gian do c nh ngha nh khong thi
gian ti thiu cho php k t khi qut hp cht kt dnh ln cu kin c sn n lc
hai phn on lp ghp xong v c cng ko tm.
8.13.7.1.4 Th nghim 4 Un ko ba im
Phng php th nghim: Cc lng tr b tng 150 x 150 x 225 mm c cng
nn 28 ngy bng 41 MPa theo AASHTO T 126 (ASTM C 192), c thi ct trn
mt

mt 150x150 mm loi b cht lm d tho khun, va xi mng v.v.. v ngm
trong nc sch nhit thp ca phm vi nhit s dng quy nh trong 72 gi.
Ngay khi ly cc lng tr ra khi nc, cc b mt c thi ct phi kh trong
khng kh trong 1 gi cng mt nhit v m tng i 50%, v mi lng tr
c qut mt lp cht dnh kt hn hp dy khong 1,5 mm. Cac mt ph cht dnh
kt ca hai lng tr sau phi t vo nhau v kp vi mt lc 0,35 MPa, tc ng
vung gc vi mt gn kt. Sau hai lng tr ny c bc trong mt mnh vi c
gi t trong thi k

bo dng 24 gi nhit thp ca phm vi nhit s dng
quy nh.
Sau 24 gi bo dng nhit

thp ca phm vi nhit s dng quy nh
i vi cht dnh kt epxy, mu phm c dnh kt phi m khi vi bc, tho b
kp v th ngay lp tc. Th nghim phi tin hnh theo tiu chun AASHTO T 97
(ASTM C 78) i vi cng un vi im cht ti th ba v n v MR tiu chun.
Cng Ic chun bi v bo dng hai mu lng tr, chun b mt dm th nghim i
cng, ch to bng cng mt loi b tng, bo dng vi cng mt thi k, v th
nghim theo AASHTO T 97 (ASTM C 78)
Tiu chun k thut: Cht dnh kt epoxi c th c chp nhn nu ti trng
tc ng ln cc mu lng tr lc ph hoi ln hn 90% ti trng ph hoi trn dm
th nghim i chiu
Ch gii
Th nghim un ko ba im tin hnh trn mt i lng tr b tng ghp dnh
vo nhau vi cht dnh kt epoxi xc nh cng dnh kt gia cht dnh kt v b
tng. Cc lng tr b tng ghp dnh c so snh vi mt dm th nghim i chiu
bng b tng c kch thc 150 x 150 x 450 mm.
8.13.7.1.5 Th nghim 5 Cng nn ca cht dnh kt epoxi bo dng
Phng php th nghim; ASTM D 695
Tiu chun k thut; Cng nn 25C t i thiu phi bng 14 MPa sau 24
gi bo dng nhit ti thiu ca phm vi nhit s dng ch nh v bng 41
MPa sau 48 gi.
Ch gii
Th nghim cng nn ca cht dnh kt epoxi bo dng nhm o
cng nn ca cht kt dnh epoxi.
8.13.7.1.6 Th nghim 6 vng do

nhit ca cht dnh kt epoxi
Phng php th nghim: ASTM D 648
Tiu chun k thut: Yu cu phi c mt nhit ti thiu khi o vng bng 50C
vi ng sut th bng 1,8 MPa trn cc mu th bo dng 7 ngy ti 25C.
Ch gii

Th nghim vng do nhit ca cht dnh kt epoxi xc nh nhit ti
xy ra mt vng ty nh trong nhng iu kin th ty nh ca cht dnh kt epxy
bo dng. l mt th nghim kim tra xc nh hiu qu ca cht dnh kt
trong sut khong nhit lp rp.
8.13.7.1.7 Th nghim 7-- Cng nn v ct ca cht dnh kt epoxi bo
dng
Phng php th nghim: Mt mu th bng b tng c chun b trong mt
khun tru tiu chun 150 x 300 mm chiu cao im gia bng 150 mm v mt
trn c dc 30 so vi ng thng ng. Phn trn v phn di ca mu c
cc mt nghing c th to thnh bng ghp mt tm m hnh elip hoc bng cch
ca t mt hnh tr kch thc 150 x 300 mm. Nu mun, c th s dng cc mu
75 x 150 mm hoc 100 x 200 mm. Sau khi cc mu bo dng m trong 14 ngy,
cc b mt nghing phi c chun b bng cch thi nh ct, mi hoc cho axit
n mn, sau ra sch v kh cc b mt, ph mt trong cc b mt mt lp dy
0,25 mm cht dnh kt epxy nh th nghim. Mu c kp vo nhau v gi nguyn
v tr trong 24 gi. Sau bc ton b trong mt mnh vi gi t trong mt thi gian
bo dng thm 24 gi nhit ti thiu trong phm vi nhit s dng ch nh.
Sau cc mu c th nghim 25C theo AASHTO T 22 (ASTM C 39/C 39M).
Cng Ic cc mu hnh tr nghing c ch to v bo dng, phi lm mt hnh
tr th nghirn tham chiu tiu chun, bng cng mt th b tng, bo dng trong
cng mt khong thi gian v th nghim theo AASHTO T 22 (ASTM C 39/C 39M)
Tiu chun k thut: Cht dnh kt epoxi c th c chp nhn trong phm vi
nhit s dng ch nh nu ti trn mu hnh tr nghing ln hn 90% ti trng trn
hnh tr tham chiu..
Ch gii
Th nghim cng nn v ct ca cht dnh kt epoxi bo dng l mt
php o cng nn v cng ct ca cht dnh kt epoxi so snh vi cng
b tng c dnh kt. Mu hnh tr nghing c cht dnh kt epoxi c so snh vi
th nghim hnh tr tham chiu ch l b tng.
8.13.7.2 Trn v qut Epoxi
V nhng ch dn chung y khng th bao qut tt c cc tnh hung, cc
khuyn co v ch dn cho mi trng hp c th phi nhn t K s ph trch.
Cc ch dn do nh cung cp hng cung cp lin quan n ct gi, trn v x l
an ton cht dnh kt epxy phi c tun th. Phi trn k lng epoxi cho ti lc
c mu sc ng u. Cn s dng mt my trn c tc khng qu 600 vng/pht.
Cc cht ng trong bnh hng hoc b m np khng c s dng.
Cc b mt s c qut epoxi phi c nhit t nht bng 4C v khng
c dnh du, sa xi mng, cht d tho khun, hoc bt k vt liu no khc c
th ngn epoxi dnh kt vi b mt b tng. Phi loi b tt c sa xi mng v cc cht
nhim khc bng cch thi nh ct hoc phun nc p sut cao vi p lc ti thiu
bng 34 MPa. Cc b mt t phi kh trc khi qut cht epoxi. B mt t nht
phi kh bo ha (khng nhn thy nc).
Ch c bt u trn khi phn on c sn c chun b xong lp rp.
Vic qut cht dnh kt epoxi hn hp phi tun theo cc ch dn ca Nh sn xut, s
dng bay, gng tay cao su, hoc bn chi qut trn mt hoc c hai b mt s ghp
ni vi nhau. Lp ph phi nhn v ng u v phi ph ton b din tch vi mt b
dy ti thiu bng 1,5 mm qut trn c hai mt. Phi quan st thy mt dng cc git
epoxi, nhn r c, trn tt c cc din tch tip xc l sau khi cng ko tm thi.

Phi iu phi cc thao tc lp rp v tin hnh sao hon tt cc cng vic qut
cht dnh kt epoxi cho cc phn an, lp rp, ghp dng, v cng ko tm thi cc
phn an trong vng 70% thi gian m ca cht dnh kt.
Phi qut vt liu dnh kt ln tt c cc b mt phi ni trong vng na u ca
thi gian c qunh c ghi trn cc bnh ng. Cc phn an phi c ni ghp
trong vng 45 pht sau khi qut lp vt liu epoxi th nht v phi tc ng mt lc
to ng sut trc tm thi ln tit din ngang, trung bnh bng 0,3 MPa, trong vng
70% thi gian m ca vt liu epoxi. Khng mt im no ca tit din ngang c c
ng sut trc tm thi nh hn 0,2 MPa.
Phi kim tra mi ni ngay sau khi lp rp xem b dy ca khe ni c ng
u khng v c khp khng. Phi loi b lng epoxi tha khi mi ni nhng ni
c th vi ti c. Phi thng ngay tt c cc ng lun cp cng sau khi to ng
sut, trong khi epoxi cn trong tnh trng cha c qunh, loi b hoc mi nhn
epoxi trong ng v trt cc ti hoc l bt khng kh hnh thnh ti mi ni.
Nu vic ghp ni khng c hon thnh trong vng 70% thi gian m, phi
ngng thao tc v phi loi b ht cht dnh kt epoxi khi cc b mt. Cc b mt
phi chun b li v phi qut epoxi mi ln b mt trc khi bt u li cc thao tc
ghp ni.
8.14 VA V VA LNG
8.14.1 Tng qut
Cng vic ny gm vic ch to v ri va v va lng dng trong cc kt
cu b tng khng phi l trong cc ng to ng sut trc. Cc s dng nh vy
bao gm va nhi di y cc tm gi xy v nhi cc khe ni gia cc cu kin
c sn ni c ghi trong h s hp ng, va dng nhi cc l rng v sa cha
cc khuyt tt trn b mt, va lng dng nhi cc khe l chn bu lng neo, v va
v va lng cho cc cng vic khc khi c yu cu hoc c chp thun.
8.14.2 Vt liu v Trn
Cc vt liu dng lm va v va lng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu
8.3, Vt liu . Cp phi ca ct dng lm va lng hoc dng lm va khi b rng
hoc b dy ca l hng cn lp y nh hn 20 mm phi c thay i sao tt c
vt liu qua c sng No8 (2,36 mm).
Khi c yu cu to bt, phi s dng xi mng portland to bt loi IA cho b
tng m va s trt vo.
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng hoc c lnh ca K s, t l xi
mng/ct trong va phi I 1 trn 2 v trong va lng l 1 trn 1. T l tnh theo th
tch ri.
Khi quy nh dng va hoc va lng khng co ngt, phi s dng ph gia
khng co ngt hoc xi mng thy lc gin n ph hp vi ASTM C 845 thuc loi
c K s chp thun
Phi dng nc cho php ri v nht kn. i vi va, ch dng va
nc sao to thnh mt qu cu khi nn nh trong tay.
Phi thc hin trn hoc bng th cng hoc bng my trn loi c cnh quay
v phi trn cho n khi cc thnh phn hon ton trn u vi nhau. Mt khi trn
xong, va hoc va lng khng c nho trn li bng cch thm nc, v phi ri
va trong vng mt gi.
8.14.3 Trt v bo dng va

Cc khu vc b tng s tip xc vi va hoc va lng phi lm sch mi vt
liu ri rc c th ngn cn s dnh kt, cc b mt b tng phi di nc v n
kh b mt ngay trc khi ri va hoc va lng.
Va hoc va lng phi hon ton trt y v chn cht trong cc hc v l, ri
trn cc b mt trong cc cu kin v ti cc v tr quy nh khc.Sau khi trt, tt c cc
b mt va hoc va lng phi bo dng bng phng php nc nh quy nh
trong iu 8.11, Bo dng b tng trong mt thi gian khng di ba ngy.
Cc rnh nm chng ct, cc khong trng gia cc cu kin v cc v tr khc
d lt va phi lm kn khng c th chy va trc khi trt.
Khng c cht ti trng trn va mi ri cha c 72 gi, tr khi K s cho
php lm khc.
Tt c cc va bo dng khng ng cch hoc b khuyt tt khc, Nh thu
phi loi b v thay th bng chi ph ca mnh.

8.15 T TI TRNG
8.15.1 Tng qut
Cc ti trng ch c tc ng ln cc kt cu b tng sau khi b tng t
cng v, nu c, sau khi to ng sut trc mi c php cht ti trng
khng xy ra h hng.
8.15.2 Ti trng t
Mi khi cn c th, trnh t lp t xung quanh kt cu phi sao gim n ti
thiu cc lc lt hoc trt. Khi vic lp t gy ra ng sut un trong b tng, tr khi
K s cho php lm khc, vic lp t ch c bt u sau khi b tng t khng
di 80% cng quy nh.
8.15.3 Ti trng thi cng
Cc vt liu v thit b nh ch c th a In mt cu sau khi b tng c
24 gi, vi iu kin vic bo dng khng b tr ngi v cu trc b mt khng b
h hng. Cc xe cn thit cho hot ng thi cng v c trng lng trong khong 450
n 1800 kg, v cc ti trng vt liu v thit b tng ng ch c php t trn
bt k nhp no sau khi b tng mt cu cui cng t cng nn t nht l
27 MPa. Cc ti trng vt qu quy nh trn ch c a In mt cu sau khi b
tng mt cu t cng quy nh. Ngoi ra, i vi cc kt cu ko sau, cc xe
nng trn 2000 kg v cc ti trng vt liu v thit b tng ng khng c a
ln bt c nhp cu no khi thp to ng sut trc ca nhp cha c cng.
B tng c sn hoc dm thp khng c t ln cc b phn kt cu phn
di khi b tng kt cu phn di cha t c 70% cng quy nh.
Mt khc, cc ti trng do cc thao tc thi cng tc ng ln cc kt cu hin
hu, mi hoc c mt s phn hon thnh, khng c vt qu kh nng chu
ti ca kt cu hoc b phn kt cu, nh xc nh theo T hp ti trng Cng
II trong Bng 3,4.1-1 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD. Cng nn ca
b tng (fc) c dng trong tnh ton kh nng chu ti phi nh hn cng chu
nn thc c thi im cht ti hoc cng chu nn quy nh ca b tng.
Ch gii : Bng 3.4.1-1 tham kho iu 3.4.1 H s ti trng v t hp ti trng ca
Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004.

8.15.4 Ti trng xe c giao thng
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, xe c giao thng khng c
php i trn cc mt cu b tng cho n khi ln b tng cui cng qua t nht
14 ngy v cho n khi b tng t cng quy nh

8.16 YU CU C BIT I VI CC CU PHN ON
8.16.1 Kim sot hnh hc
8.16.1.1 Cc s liu v vng v vng
Nh thu phi np s liu v vng v/hoc vng ca mi giai on thi
cng nh yu cu xy dng n mc hon thnh. Trnh t s dng phi xt ti
tc ng ca mt mt ng sut trc ph-thuc - vo - thi -gian v t bin xy ra
trong bc xy dng. S liu ca c chic cu, cn c vo trnh t thi cng, phng
php v trnh t do Nh thu kin ngh, phi np cho K s thm tra trc khi bt u
xy dng nhng chic cc tr cu.
Nh thu phi theo ri kim sot vng ti mi giai on v cc hnh ng
iu chnh phi c K s chp thun Nh thu thc hin m bo vic thi
cng kt cu c tin hnh tha ng cho n mc cui cng.
8.16.1.2 Kim sot hnh hc
Nh thu phi np cho K s xt chp thun mt k hoch kim sot hnh dng
cu, n phi trnh by chi tit cng vic kho st s tin hnh nh th no v cc hnh
ng m Nh thu kin ngh m bo thi cng ng n.ti mc cui cng nu
trong cc bn v thit k. K hoch kim sot hnh hc phi cung cp kim sot
thng xuyn vng ca kt cu bt u t khi ghp phn on c hng u tin
v kt thc vi phn on c hng cui cng. K hoch phi bao gm th tc iu
chnh s s dng, nu phn c hng khi ghp sai lch qu 25 mm.
Nh thu phi kim tra trc dc v tuyn hnh ca kt cu ti mi giai on thi
cng, v phi lu li bn ghi ca tt c cc ln kim tra v tt c cc ln iu chnh v
hiu chnh lm. Tt c cc cng vic kho st phi tin hnh vo thi im t b nh
hng ca thi tit nht. Vic hiu chnh bng chm chn ch c lm khi c K
s chp thun.
Ch gii
Khuyn co K s cn tin hnh kim li v trc dc v tuyn hnh ca kt cu.
Khuyn co K s cn c lp kim li cc o c v tnh ton trc khi di
chuyn cc phn on khi v tr c.
i vi vic xy dng phn on c sn s dng k thut tuyn khun ngn,
phi b tr h thng kho st chnh xc sao cao v tuyn ngang khi c sn
c o chnh xc ti 0,3 mm. Vi tt c cc loi phn on xy dng khc v di
vi vic thi cng cc cu phn on, phi b tr kho st vi mc chnh xc 3 mm.
i vi vic xy dng phn on c sn dng cc phn an c gi u, vic
kim li cn thn c cc o c ln cc tnh ton hnh hc phi c Nh thu tin
hnh trc khi di chuyn cc phn on ra khi v tr c. Ta tnh ca tt c cc
mt ct c phi c hon thnh trc khi c mt phn on mi. Ngoi cc ng
cong tnh ton c da trn kt qu o vng ngang v dc thc trng cng trnh
c, phi s dng nhng dc ngang o c ca tng phn on tnh
ng cong vn xon tch ly, coi nh mt cch kim tra cc vng suy on. Qua
vic tnh ton cc trc dc to thnh ca qu trnh c ghp, u tin c dnh cho

vic iu chnh cc sai lch v vn xon bng cch vn ngc li mt cch thch
ng. Phn on v tr ghp t khng c chu xon gy ng sut.
Ch gii : C 3 on, thiu on cui sau : Sai s vn c tnh bng vn thc t tr
siu cao thit k nu c

8.16.2 Sai s cho php
Tr khi c quy nh khc, ct thp phi uoc ch to v t trong phm vi sai s
cho php quy nh y.
Vi chiu cao hu hiu quy nh d, v lp b tng bo v tnh ti thiu
trong cc thanh chu un, tng, v thanh chu nn trong :

Nhng sai s cho php cho khong cch tnh ti mt di to thnh l -6
mm, v khng trng hp no sai s cho php cho lp bo v c
vt ti thiu 1/3 ca lp bo v ti thiu nh xc nh trn bn v kt
cu hoc trong tiu chun k thut.
i vi v tr dc ca cc im un hoc u cc thanh: 50 mm, tr
ti u khng lin tc ca cc cu kin, khi sai s cho php l 12
mm.
Khi m tng s thanh thp quy nh cn c duy tr, mt sai s hp
l cho khong cch ca cc thanh ring r l 25 mm, tr nhng
ni nh ca m, b phn chn thm, linh kin chn vo v.v.., c th
yu cu x dch cc thanh cht t.
Cc ng chn bn trong mi loi cng trnh, phi c t vi sai s cho php
ghi trong iu 10.4.1, t ng.
Sai s cho php i vi cc phn on hon thnh phi ly nh ghi trong
Bng 8.16.2-1 v Hnh 8.16.2-1. Vi cc cu khng c lp ri thm, bng phng
ca lp bn trn phi l 3mm trong khong cch 3000 mm theo hng xe chy.
Kch thc t phn-on-ti-phn-on phi c iu chnh b tr cho mi
sai lch trong phm vi mt phn on sao tng chiu di ca kt cu hon thnh
ph hp vi kch thc ghi trong bn v.
Khi s dng xy dng c hng, cc sai s cho php i vi chiu di ca cc
on hng i din trong mt nhp phi c ni r trong h s hp ng. Cc lc
hng ln v hng xung c th t ln u on hng cng phi ni r trn cc bn
v thit k v phi xt ti ng sut ko cho php i vi cc t hp ti trng thi cng
ghi trong Bng 5.14.2.3.3-1 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Sau khi thi cng, vic cng sau cui cng, iu chnh cui cng v hiu chnh
hon tt, v kt cu c t ln cc gi vnh cu, b phn kt cu bn di phi
ph hp vi dc v tuyn hnh ghi trong bn v, c xt y ti t bin v
Sai s cho php
cho d
Sai s cho php
cho lp bo v ti thiu
200 mm tr xung 10 mm -10 mm
Trn 200 mm 12 mm -12 mm

vng do tnh ti t thm trong pham vi sai s quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Bng 8.16.2-1 Sai s cho php cho phn on hon thnh i vi cng
trnh dm hnh hp phn on
Sai s ca cc phn on hon thnh khng c vt nhng tr s sau:

Chiu di ca phn on c gi u
(khng tch ly)
10 mm/m + 25 mm/ti a

10 mm/m
Chiu di ca phn on c sn 12 mm, nhng
khng ln hn +50 mm mi nhp
Chiu dy bn bng 10 mm
Chiu cao bn y 10 mm
Chiu cao bn nh 10 mm
Chiu rng bao ph ca bn nh 5 mm/m, ti a 25 mm
Chiu dy bn ngn 12 mm
dc cnh khun v mt di nh 1 mm/m
V tr l t tao thp 3 mm
V tr ca kho chng ct 6 mm


c

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Chiu rng cnh di
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Chiu rng cnh di
B dy cnh trn
C
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B dy bng B dy bng
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V tr l b thp UST
Chiu rng cnh trn
C
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Ghi ch: Khng th hin kho chng ct
DM HP PHN OAN

B dy vch ngang
V tr kho
chng ct
Dc mt di
Kho bng
MAT CT DOC

Hnh v 8.16.2-1 Biu ch o i vi sai s ca phn on

8.16.3 Bn v thi cng v cc tnh ton thit k v trnh t xy dng
8.16.3.1 Tng qut
Mt thi gian y trc khi bt u cc thao tc xy dng kt cu nhp ti
hin trng sao K s c 30 ngy lch thm tra ti liu, Nh thu phi theo ng
k hoch np y cc chi tit v thng tin lin quan ti phng php, vt liu, thit
b v trnh t m Nh thu kin ngh dng xy dng on kt cu nhp theo thng
tin cung cp. Vic trnh np phi bao qut trnh t tng bc thi cng.
Cho php dng nhiu phng php hoc k thut thi cng trong phm vi bao
qut ca cng trnh. Khng c php c bt k sai khc xy ra no i vi vt liu
hoc chi tit chp thun, tr khi trc khi s dng Nh thu trnh np v c
K s ng
Cc trnh np c chp thun ca Nh thu phi bao gm cc tnh ton,
bn v v thng tin khi qut trong iu 8.16.3.2, Cc tnh ton thit k v th tc xy
dng v iu 8.16.3.3, Bn v thi cng. Phi np 2 b v tt c cc bn v v tnh
ton yu cu, v nu cn phi np li cho n khi c K s chp thun. S bn sao
phn pht theo quy nh s c cung cp sau khi chp thun.

8.16.3.2 Cc tnh ton thit k v trnh t thi cng
C th c yu cu phi np cc tnh ton thit k v gin gio, dng c thi cng,
v cc cng trnh tm khc v l i tng gy ra cc ng sut tnh ton.
Vic thit k cc gin gio hoc thit b thi cng cho tt c kt cu nhp phi
c tin hnh di s iu khin c ng du k tn ca mt k s chuyn nghip.
Cc bn tnh ton cng phi np chng minh h thng v phng php to ng
sut m Nh thu ngh. Cc tnh ton phi bao gm lc kch yu cu v gin
di ca cc tao thp khi ko, mc ng sut ti u ko tao sau khi yn v, ng sut
vng neo v bn phn b, ng cong ng sut-ng bin in hnh ca thp s
dng, mt mt ng sut khi ko, vt ng sut tm thi, v ct thp cn thit chu
ng sut ca khi neo.
Ngoi nhng im trn, cn phi np cc bn tnh v:
Tnh ton vng v vng yu cu do tnh ti, lc ko sau, t bin v
co ngt. Phi c mt bng trnh by v tr s cc vng v vng trn
bn v thi cng.
Tnh ton cc lc kch yu cu ti cc mi ni khi cng ko tm.
Ch gii:
Khuyn co cn th nghim v lc cc thit bi thi cng c bit.
Lu l ct thp cho khi neo, nh yu cu trong cc tiu chun ny, khng
phi l cc ct thp cn thit chng cc lc gy bung b tng tng qut v lc theo
hng cng ko sau.
8.16.3.3 Bn v thi cng
Nh thu phi trnh np xin chp thun cc bn v thi cng chi tit ph hp
vi h s hp ng. Cc bn v thi cng phi bao gm, v khng nht thit hn ch
ch c, cc thng tin sau:
Cc hnh v c y kch thc chnh xc biu th hnh hc ca cc
phn on bao gm cc hnh chiu, cc g tht, cc vt kha, cc ca
m, cc khi li v cc chi tit thch ng khc.
Cc chi tit b tr ct thp thng ghi r rng y kch c, khong
cch, v v tr, bao gm c mi b tr c bit khng ghi trn bnh .
Kch c v chng loi cc loi ng cho mi b thp cng ko sau v hnh
nhn ngang v nhn ng tht chi tit ca chng. Cc gi ng, cc ng
tup rt va, cc l thng hi v cc ng rnh, phi c ch r c
kch c, chng loi v v tr.
Chi tit v v tr ca tt c cc hng mc khc c chn rong phn
on, nh cc vt chn, thit b nng cu, v cc dng c cng ko
cng phi c ch r.
Cc chi tit to ng sut bao gm kch c v cc c tnh ca cc tao
thp, cc b neo, cc tm bn, cc b lp rp v cc thit b to ng
sut, cng nh cc chi tit v th tc to lc v trnh t to lc, chi tit
v v tr mi b ni v cc ct thp ph thm cn thit chng lc
khi neo.
Mt bng biu ghi r trnh t cng ko, lc cng ko, v gin di ban
u ca mi b thp mi giai on thi cng cng ko sau.

Mt bng biu ghi r mt chiu v hnh hc c dng nh v vn
khun cho phn on s c tip.
Cc th, cc biu hoc biu bng nu r v tr l thyt ca mi phn
on, khi thi cng hoc lp t, phi c trnh np cho K s
dng kim tra vic thi cng kt cu nhp. Phi m t r cc th tc chi
tit iu chnh hnh hc.
i hi phi c cc chi tit v cc tao neo ghim v cc b gi tm thi v
vnh cu.
Phi cung cp cc chi tit v thit b va, v thit k hn hp va lng
v phng php trn v va.
8.16.4 Vn khun
8.16.4.1 Tng qut
H s hp ng i hi phi trnh np cc bn v thi cng vn khun v xe c
hng.
Ngoi cc yu cu ca h s hp ng, khun c cc phn on b tng
cn c th dng :
c gi u (cho xy dng phn on c sn).
Sn xut cc phn on vi cc sai s cho php.
Cung cp s liu v cc khi gn thm, cc ca m, v cc ch th ra.
iu chnh thay i hnh hc phn on nh ghi trong bnh , hoc
hiu chnh cc sai lch nh trong ln c trc trnh tch ly sai
s.
Tho khun m khng lm b tng h hng.
To mt mi ni kht, khng lt va vi phn on trc.
Cc khi u neo phi cho php ni cc ng sao gi ng v tr v
trnh lt va.
Ch tit din khun s ni vi mt ngoi ca phn on, khng c php c
thm g vt qu 1,5 mm ra ngoi mt phng v 3 mm cho nhng gc v im un.
Nhng g gia nhng mt ghp ni ca cc phn on c sn khng c qu 6
mm.
Khun khng c tho cho n khi b tng t cng c php tho quy
nh trong h s hp ng c chng minh bi th nghim cc mu hnh tr ch to
v bo dng cng mt cch vi phn on. Cng c th dng my o trng
thnh hoc thit b kim tra mu th nh gi cng b tng trong phn on.
Phi ch cn thn khi thao tc tho khun trnh ph v v st m b tng.
8.16.4.2 Khun xy dng phn on c sn
Tt c cc vn khun bin, y, bn trong v u phn on dng xy dng
phn on c sn phi lm bng thp, tr khi K s cho php dng vt liu khc.
Vn khun phi c dy thch ng, c ging v np tng cng, v phi neo
gi tha ng chng li cc lc do di chuyn v rung ng b tng. Thanh ging v
thit b chng gi bn trong phi c hn ch ch l cc bu lng chng bn bng,
c th tho khi b mt b tng d trt v sau khi tho khun. Cc ch ni phi c
thit k v duy tr khng lt va.

dc v tuyn hnh ca khun phi c kim tra mi khi nh v v phi duy
tr trong khi b tng. dc ca bn khi hon thin phi c kim tra sau khi
b tng.
Khun thp phi gi khng b r mc hp l, khng dnh du m v vt l. Mi
vn khun u phi lm sch trit trc mi ln c. Vn khun u phi ti ch
gi cho b mt c nhn nhi.
C th dng vn khun g lm cc di cui dc v ngang ti ch.
Tt c cc b mt khun c cu kin phi c ch to v duy tu m bo
cc sai s cho php ca phn on ph hp vi iu 8.16.2, Sai s cho php.
Mt ca mi vn khun, tr vn u khun, phi c lm sch v x l bng
du khun hoc lp ph chng dnh khc trc khi b tng. Vt liu chng dnh
gia cc phn on v u phi c cung cp ph hp vi iu 8.16.7.3, Ngn
cch cc phn on gi u. Du hoc vt liu khc dng cho mc ch phi c
n nh v thnh phn cu to thun tin cho vic tho khun. Cc vt liu c th lm
bn hoc phn ng vi b tng khng c dng thun tin cho vic tho khun
m khng lm h hng n b tng.
8.16.5 Gi vnh cu
Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp tt c cc vt liu, ch to, v lp t cc
gi vnh cu nh ghi trong bn v, nh quy nh y v nh ch dn ca K s.
Cc gi phi c ch to ph hp vi bn v, tr khi c K s c bit
chp thun lm khc.
Trc khi chp thun v loi gi mang s dng, Nh thu phi trnh np chng
ch ca Nh sn xut ni r l gi v cc hng mc i km p ng cc yu cu t
ra. iu khng phi l mt min tr ca Ch u t v tt c cc yu cu i vi
cc mu vt v vic to mu, v Ch u t gi quyn i hi lm bt c th nghim
no c quy nh, hoc th nghim m K s thy cn lm nh gi cht lng
vt liu.
Nh thu phi c nha cung cp giao cc ch dn lp t cc b gi v thc
hin cc th tc quy nh v lp t gi. Cc bn v thi cng phi c np trnh K
s xt chp nhn ph hp vi cc iu Bn tiu chun ny quy nh v gi . S
thch hp ca cc chi tit thit k v lp t gi phi p ng vi s chp thun
ca K s trong quyt nh cui cng.
8.16.6 Cc iu khon c bit i vi xy dng phn on c ti ch
8.16.6.1 Tng qut
Cc bn v phi c chun b trn gi thuyt kt cu nhp s c xy dng
bng mt phng php la chn ca cng trnh b tng ct thp phn on c ti
ch. Cho php s dng cc phng php xy dng thay th khc ph hp vi h s
hp ng.
8.16.6.2 H thng khun
Ngoi cc ti liu phi np trnh nh yu cu ca iu 8.16.3, cc bn tnh v
bn v thi cng sau y cng phi np cho K s xem xt ng nh quy nh ca h
s hp ng:
Cc chi tit v tnh ton y v vn khun v h thng vn khun,
ti trng v ng sut ti a pht sinh trong phn on hon thnh do
thit b vn khun v b tng. Vic thit k h thng vn khun

phi xt n lc xung kch hp l c th xy ra trong khi b tng v
vng xy dng ca h thng khun..
Cc tnh ton vng ca h thng khun trong khi b tng.
Cc chi tit v h thng tm thi v cc thanh ghm cn thit gi
n nh cc on hng trong khi xy dng.
Trnh t chi tit tng bc ca vic b tng, to ng lc, y h thng
i ln v iu chnh h thng theo vng tnh ton,
Trnh t chi tit v c nh u on hng chng x dch v tr hoc xoay
chuyn tng i gia hai on hng trong v sau khi tip b tng
hp long.
8.16.6.3 Xy dng kt cu nhp
Cng vic ny phi bao gm cc vic t tm cc gi, nu c th p dng, c
cc phn on ti ch v nh v kt cu nhp trn gi vnh cu.
Nh thu phi np trnh cc chi tit y v m t v cc phng php, chun
b v thit b K s chp thun trc khi bt u xy dng kt cu nhp.
Phng php xy dng phi bao gm c cc phn on, phng php neo
ghm kt cu nhp trong khi thi cng on hng, phng php tc ng cc lc tm
dng iu chnh tuyn hnh ngang v thng ng v nh v kt cu ln gi vnh
cu. Cng phi bao gm cc phng php kim tra m bo chnh xc ca
tuyn hnh ca kt cu nhp khi hon thnh.
Trang b thi cng c s dng phi bao gm tt c cc my mc, dng c,
nhn cng v vt liu s dng n thi cng nhng s khng tr thnh mt b phn
vnh cu ca kt cu khi hon thnh. Thit b khng c hot ng t hoc t
trn bt c b phn no ca kt cu ang thi cng trong bt c giai on no khc vi
giai on phi c bit p ng cc yu cu ca tng ti trng hot ng trn phn
on nh h s hp ng cho php, v/hoc nh K s chp thun. N bao gm cc
thit b to ng lc, lm mi ni, kch, rt va, v bt ky cc thit b no
khc v nhn lc, vt lc cc loi.
Ngoi cc ti trng khng cn bng ca phn on c phng php xy
dng cho php, cn cho php tc ng mt ti trng bng 4,8 x 10
-4
MPa. Ti trng
ny bao gm nhn lc, cc thit b linh tinh khc v vt liu t ln . Nh thu c
trch nhim m bo l ti trng cho php khng b vt qu.
Vic to lc c th thc hin ph hp vi trnh t sau:
C th tc ng 50% lc cng ko sau khi cc mu th nn hnh tr, bo
dng ti hin trng, cho thy cng nn ca b tng t 17 MPa
v vic b tng xong qua 18 gi.
H thng khun c th tho v dch chuyn ln sau khi tc ng
50% lc cng sau.
Ty cn thit, vic to ng sut ngang phi phn giai on tin hnh,
trnh bn nh chu lc qu mc cho php.
Cc b thp phi c cng trc khi b tng on tip theo, tr
b thp ngang nm gn st phn on s xy dng. B thp ny ch
cng n 50% , sau s cng tip khi cng cc b ca phn on
mi. H thng khun phi c thit k sao trnh to cho bn nh
b vt ti ti khu vc c b thp mi cng mt phn.

Khe ni thi cng phi hn ch ti cc v tr ghi trong h s hp ng hoc c
K s chp thun trc. Tt c cc khe ni thi cng phi c lm sch hon ton
khi cc sa b tng v cc vt liu l trc khi b tng cho on gi k.
B mt ca cc mi ni thi cng phi c chun b ph hp vi h s hp
ng ngay trc khi b tng ca phn on sau.
b tng phn hp long hai on hng, cc on hng phi c c nh
trnh xoay chuyn hoc dch chuyn ca on ny tng i vi on kia. H
thng kha hm cc on hng v b khun c ch hp long v th tc b tng
ch hp long phi sao sau khi bt u ho cng th b tng khng b ko gy ra
nt.
Nh thu phi trnh np mt trnh t xy dng hoc mt bn lit k nu r th
t theo thi gian ca mi giai on thi cng v xy dng kt cu nhp.
Nh thu phi chun b mt bng biu cc cao v tuyn hnh phi c mi
giai on thi cng, nh yu cu trong h s hp ng, cc im mc di y, hoc
mt phng n khc theo kin ca Nh thu, v np cho K s.
Mt trong cc im gc thp nht ti b mt bn trn ca mt tm gi
tm no y dng lm gc o c trong khi thi cng, v xc nh mt
im tham chiu cho cc cao v tuyn hnh thc t phi c cho kt
cu khi nh v vnh cu.
Tt c 4 gc v ng tim (ca cc mt phn on) ca bn nh ca
cc phn on trn tr xc lp dc dc v im nh.
Hai im trn ng tim dc ca mi phn on trn tr, mt im mi
mp thit lp tuyn hnh.
Mt im trn ng tim dc v ti thiu mt gc ca mi phn on dc
theo mi khe ni gia cc phn on ti ch xc nh cc cao
v tuyn hnh ti mi giai on thi cng.
Cc tm gi tm, khi ng dng, ti cc tr phi c t rt cn thn. Cc
b mt trn ca cc tm phi cao v tuyn hnh v c dc chnh xc nh
yu cu trn cc bn v v c xc lp theo nh cc quy nh trn i vi cc gi
tm. C th dng nhng ming chn bn di tm m m bo chnh xc. Nh
thu cng phi suy tnh v xut cc bin php gi cc tm gi tm ti ch trong
khi b tng phn on trn tr.
Nh thu phi kim tra cc cao v tuyn hnh ca kt cu ti mi giai on
thi cng ph hp vi k hoch kim tra hnh hc np theo quy nh ca iu 8.16.1,
Kim tra hnh hc v phi duy tr mt bn ghi ca tt c cc ln kim tra v tt c cc
iu chnh v hiu chnh thc hin.
8.16.7 Cc iu khon c bit i vi xy dng phn on b tng c sn
8.16.7.1 Tng qut
Kt cu nhp phi thi cng theo phng php thit k v chi tit ha trong h s
hp ng hoc bng mt phng n la chn khc do Nh thu trnh np. c php
c phng n la chn nu c quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Khi c i hi trong h s hp ng, h thng to ng sut v tt c ct thp v
chi tit nng nhc phi c chng minh y trn phn on c ch nh trong
h s hp ng trc khi bt c mt phn on chnh thc no. Phn on phi
ph hp vi kch c v cu hnh i hi trong h s hp ng, bao gm cc hc neo
b thp ko sau, ct thp thng, b tng, v cc ng dn, k c cc ng cong v

khong cch. Cc b thp ch nh trong h s hp ng cho vic th nghim ny phi
c cng ko ti lc ch nh. Khng c chi ph thm cho cng vic th nghim ny.
Cu to ca b c v khun c phi ph hp cc phn on khng b
ln v vn xon. B c phi thit k cho mt phng php v thit b cn thit cho
vic iu chnh v duy tr dc v tuyn hnh. Chi tit v thit b v th tc iu chnh
phi c trong bn v v tiu chun k thut v b c.
dc ca mt di vn khun nh v phn trn ca mi phn on phi xt
ti v tr tng i ca cu kin trong kt cu.
Sau khi c phn on ca mi n v, tt c cc phn on tip theo phi
c c p st phn on c ln trc m bo mi lin quan tng qut v
tuyn hnh ng n ca cc b mt gn kt.
H thng neo phi cho php c th lun c cc b thp vo cu kin sau khi
thi cng cc phn on.
Cc b ni b thp ch c s dng ti cc v tr quy nh c bit trong h s
hp ng hoc c K s chp thun. Ti bt c tit din no khng c c qu
50% b thp ni. Khi h s hp ng yu cu phi c cc b thp tm bn ngoi, cc
b thp v cc neo phi c bo v trong cc hp bo v trnh b cc thit b thi
cng lm h hng v c kh nng km hm mt tao hoc thanh thp t hoc mt ng
sut t ngt trong khi v sau khi cng ko v neo. Kin ngh v trang b bo v phi
trnh np cho K s xt chp thun.
Phi ch m bo l cc bin dng ca cc phn on c gi u, do nhit
thy ha ca b tng mi c,ti thi im ho cng ban u, khng vt qu 0,8 mm
cho mt phn on n c hoc 20 mm tch ly cho c mt nhp. Cc bin dng
phi c trnh bng cch bo v thch hp c phn on c v phn on mi
c trong mt bao th ng nhit hoc bng lp ph bo dng hay tm cht do.
Ch gii
c nhng bo co v cc vn xy ra trong qu kh khi cc phn on
khng c ghp kht tha ng v c cc bin dng do nhit gy ra khi c gi u.
Quy nh v gradient thit k trong Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD c th h
tr nhng ngi thit k v nhng ngi thi cng xc nh xem loi bin dng c
th xy ra n mc no v c cn c cc bin php bo v thm cho phn on c
gi u khng.
8.16.7.2 Ch to
Ct thp phi c ch to v lp t ph hp vi h s hp ng. Mi im
xung t hoc ng chm vi v tr chnh xc ca ng ng v/hoc ct thp, hoc
khi li, phi lp tc x l v hiu chnh theo ch dn ca K s. Khng c ct hoc
loi b bt c mt thanh thp no nhm gi nguyn tuyn hnh ca ng ng lun b
thp. Bt c thanh thp, khng th lp t khi mun dnh ch cho ng ng, phi
c thay th bng cch thanh thp t thm vi cc chiu di chng ni thch hp,
cch lm phi trnh np K s xem xt chp thun.
Tt c cc phn on phi c nh du pha bn trong theo mt h k hiu
thng nht ngay sau khi tho khun. H k hiu dng nhn dng mi phn on
trn bnh thi cng, trong chi tit cng ko sau v cc tnh ton, v bt c ti liu no
lin quan n vic ch to v thi cng cc phn on b tng c sn.
Phi b tr cc phng tin tch cc c nh cc ng ng trong mi hon
cnh v phi c ghi r trn bn v thi cng trnh np xt chp thun. ng ng
phi c k trn tng on nh quy nh trong iu 10.4.1, t ng ng,

hoc ghi trong h s hp ng, v phi buc cht trnh b x dch khi b tng.
Ch gii;
Kin ngh dng nhng bn v thi cng thng nht xc nh nhng xung t
v t ct thp.
8.16.7.3 Tch cc phn on c gi u
Nh thu phi b tr cc thit b dng tch, theo mt cch thng nht, cc
phn on m khng gy h hi cho b tng. Phng php, cng nh cc chi tit thit
b dng tch cc phn on c gi u phi c ghi trn bn v thi cng, Mt vt
liu chng dnh phi c qut ln bn bng v cnh ca phn on c ln trc
thun tin cho vic tch cc phn on. Vt liu chng dnh phi dng loi b lc
dnh kt b tng gia b mt phn on c ln trc v phn on mi c, cng
nh cc vch lt ngang nu cn thit. Phi lm th trn mt mu phm c kch thc
600 x 1200 mm, trc khi c cc phn on, chng minh vt liu l thch hp.
Vt liu phi l loi khng gy hi cho b tng v phi cho php tho ri mt phn
on m khng st m do b tng b dnh kt.
8.16.7.4 Thao tc v lp t cc phn on
Nh thu (hoc Nh ch to) phi chu trch nhim v vic thao tc, nng cu,
lp t, vn chuyn v thi cng tt c cc phn on sao c th an v trong kt cu
khng c h hng.
Cc phn on phi c t t th thng ng v duy tr sut thi gian, v phi
c tn tr, nng nhc, v/hoc di chuyn sao khng b vn xon hoc chu cc
lc khng ng c. Cc cu kin phi c nng nhc, cu trc, v lu gi bng cc
thit b nng nhc c chp thun trn bn v phn xng hoc bng cc phng
php khc c K s chp thun bng vn bn.
Cc phn on khng c dch chuyn khi bi c cho n khi t c cc
yu cu v bo dng v cng v phi c k sao t b vnh on nht.
Mt cuc th nghim ton din thit b nng nhc v cu trc phi c thc
hin chng minh cc thit b l ph hp, trc khi bt u thi cng cc phn on.
8.16.8 Cc iu khon c bit i vic c y
8.16.8.1 Tng qut
Cc kt cu xy dng bng phng php c y phi thc hin theo iu
8.16.3, Bn v thi cng v tnh ton thit k v trnh t xy dng v cc iu khon
b sung ca iu ny.
8.16.8.2 c cc phn on
Vic xy dng cc cu c y phi cn c trn tin trnh thi cng mt phn
on trong mt tun. Khi bn y v cc bn bng, hoc mt phn ca cc bn bng,
ca cc phn on c c trc cn bn nh c sau, thi gian gia cc ln b
tng khng c qu 3 ngy.
8.16.8.3 Cc sai s cho php v hnh hc
Khng c vt cc sai s cho php sau y trn vng b mt trt:
Trong vn khun
Sai lch thng ng theo hng dc v hng ngang: 0,8 mm
Lch ngang ti b ngoi bn bng: 1,5 mm

Trn gi trt
Thng ng: theo hng dc gia cc tr, 1,5 mm
theo hng ngang gia cc gi, 0,8 mm
Ngang: sai lch ca cc mi dn, 1,5 mm
8.16.8.4 Lc y
Lc y phi c kim sot lin tc v kim chng vi tr s l thuyt . Phi
duy tr mt tr s ma st gia s khng v bn phn trm. Tr s ma st bng khng
phi c xt ti trong tnh ton lc cn thit km gi kt cu trn dc m.
Ch gii
C th dng m trn cc bn trt duy tr cc tr s ma st.
8.16.8.5 Theo ri kim sot tr
vng nh tr phi c kim soat lin tc. Trong trng hp vng cho
php ca tr c th b vt, khuyn dng thit b theo ri kim sot kt ni t ng vi
thit b y. Phi b tr vic thng tin gia mi v tr t gi trt v thit b y.
Cao ng ca tt c cc tm gi trt phi c kim tra u n theo tng
khong cch thi gian. Cc tm chn phi chun b d phng cho tt c cc gi trt
b tr ln ca tr nu c xy ra.
8.16.9 H hng v t gy
t hng mt si thp c bit trong mt tao thp by si l chp nhn c vi
s chp thun ca K s, min l tng din tch t thp khng qu hai phn trm ca
tng din tch tit din b thp.
Cc vt nt nh phi kt cu hoc vt nt trn b mt cu kin, m K s nhn
nh l khng tin trin ti b mt ca ct thp gn nht, c th chp nhn c tr
khi nhiu v su. Cc vt nt cho biu th c h hng do xon, vt nt dc theo thp
to ng sut, hoc tt c cc vt nt ko di vo b mt ct thp v/hoc b thp to
ng sut, phi l i tng xem xt trc khi chp thun. Nu xt c th chp thun,
cc vt nt s c sa cha bng cch c thnh hnh ch V, su v rng 6 mm, ri
trt epoxi hoc bng tim epoxi.
Cc t gy nh, nt v hoc r t ong su khng qu 25 mm phi c sa
cha ph hp vi mt th tc xc lp v c K s chp thun trc khi bt u ch
to phn on. Cc t gy ln hoc r t ong vt qu quy nh y l i tng
cn nhc xem xt. Nu thy tha mn, cc khu vc phi c sa cha theo ch
dn ca K s, Nhng nt v, bong trc hoc r t ong trn cc mt ghp thy c th
chp nhn c, phi c sa cha v bo dng b tng trc khi c phn on
ghp thm,nu phn on cha c.

8.17 O C V THANH TON
8.17.1 o c
Tr i vi b tng trong cc thnh phn cng vic m vic thanh ton c
thc hin theo cc hng mc b thu khc, tt c b tng ca cc kt cu c o
hoc theo mt khi cho mi loi b tng nm trong h s hp ng hoc theo n v
mi loi cu kin b tng c sn lit k trong danh mc trong h s hp ng.
Khi o bng mt khi, khi lng b tng s c tnh ton t cc kch thc
ghi trong h s hp ng hoc theo vn bn ca K s vi cc ngoi l sau:

Khi lng b tng lin quan n cc ng g, cc ng kha, v
ng vt gc c din tch tit din ngang bng hoc nh hn 650 mm
2
,
khng tnh vo hoc tr i.
Khi c mt hng mc b thu i vi b tng c dng nh mt lp bt
y trong vng vy, khi lng b tng c thanh tan ny phi bao
gm th tch thc t ca lp b tng bt y ti ch, nhng khng trng
hp no tng th tch o c c tnh vt qu tch s ca din tch
gia cc b mt thng ng nm 300 mm ngoi cc ng rnh mch
ca lp bt y (nh c ghi trong h s hp ng) nhn vi chiu dy
lp bt y. Chiu dy c thanh ton l chiu dy quy nh trong h s
hp ng, hoc theo vn bn ra lnh ca K s.
S lng cu kin b tng c sn ca mi loi lit k trong h s hp ng s
l s lng cu kin c th chp nhn ca mi loi c cung cp v lp t trong
cng trnh.
Cc b v bc kim loi ti cc khe gin n c m v thanh ton nh quy
nh trong Phn 23, "Kim loi linh tinh".
Mi khi c mt phng n hoc la chn khc c nu trong h s hp ng,
khi lng b tng phi c tnh cn c vo cc kch thc quy nh trong h s
hp ng v khng c chuyn thay i v khi lng o c c thanh ton v
Nh thu s dng phng n hoc la chn .
8.17.2 Thanh ton
S mt khi b tng v s cu kin b tng c sn, o m c nh trn vi
mi loi hoc kiu lit k trong h s hp ng, s c thanh ton theo gi hp ng
tnh theo mt khi hoc theo n v cu kin.
Vic thanh ton cho b tng cc loi khc nhau v cho cc cu kin b tng c
sn cc kiu khc nhau phi c xem xt n b y cc chi ph cung cp mi
lao ng, vt liu, thit b v cc ph ph, v cho cc cng vic lin quan trong thi cng
cng trnh b tng hon thnh ti ch, nh quy nh trong h s hp ng. Vic thanh
ton bao gm vic n b y cho vic cung cp v lp t cc tm nhi khe
gin n, cc khe bt, cc tm chn nc, cc rnh thot nc, cc ng thng hi, cc
linh kin kim loi v vic khoan cc l t cht, cng vic phun va vo cc I khoan
t cht, tr khi vic thanh ton cho cc cng vic ny c quy nh trong h s hp
ng l nm trong mt hng mc u thu khc.
Ngoi ra, vic thanh ton cc cu kin b tng c sn phi xt n b y
cho chi ph ca tt c cc ct thp, vt liu to ng sut trc v cc hng mc khc
chn trong cu kin v cho vic thi cng cc cu kin.


Ti liu vin dn

rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3
AASHTO.2004. Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Methods of
th
ACI Committee 209. 1982. Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage and Temerature Effects in
Concrete Structures, ACI 209R-82, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI Committee 211. 1991. Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass
Concrete, ACI 211.1-91, American Concrete Institute.
ACI Committee 211.1993. Guide for Selecting Proportions for High-Strength Concrete
with Portland Cement and Fly Ash, ACI 211.4-93, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI. Reapproved 2002.
ACI Committee 211.1998. Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight Concrete,
ACI 211.2-98, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. Reapproved 2004.
ACI Committee 222.1996. Corrosion of Metals in Concrete, ACI 222R.2-96, American
Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI Committee 318.1995. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, ACI
318-95, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI Committee 318.2002. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI
318-02 and Commentary, ACI 318R-02, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,
MI.
ACI Committee 363.1998. Guide to Quality Control and Testing of High-Strength
Concrete, ACI 363.2R-98, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI Committee 318.1992. State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength Concrete, ACI
363R-92, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
ANSI and AHA. 2004. Basic Hardboard, ANSI/AHS A135.4, American National
Standards Institute, New York, NY.
Cagley, J.R. 2001. Changing From ACI 318-99 to ACI 318-02, Concrete International,
June 2001.
Committee Euro-International de Beton (CEB). 1978. CEB-FIP Model Code for
Concrete Structures. Available from Lewis Brooks, 2 Blagdon Road, New Malden,
Surrey, KT3 4AD, England.
CRSI. 2001. Manual of Standard Practice, 27
th
Edition, MSP-1, Concrete Reinforcing
Steel Institute, Chicago, IL.
Federation Internationale de la Precontrainte. 1981. Recommendations for
Acceptance and Application of Post-Tensioning Systems, Federation Internationale de
la Precontrainte, Paris, France.
FHWA. 2003. High Performance Concrete, Federal Highway Administration, HPC
Internet Conference, Baltimore, March 2003. Compact Disc.
FHWA and NCBC. 2001. HBC Bridge Views, Issue No.1, Federal Highway
Administration and the National Concrete Bridge Council, Skokie, IL, May/June 2001.

Goodspeed, C.H,, S. Vanikar, and R. Cook. 1996. High Performance Concrete
Defined for Highway Structures, Concrete International, Vol. 18, No.2, February 1996,
pp.62-67.
GSA. 1996. Sealing Compound: Silicone Rubber Bases (for Caulking, Sealing, and
Glazing in Buildings and Other Structures), Federal Specification PTFE-S-1543B, U.S.
Geneval Services Administration, Washington, DC.
Meyers, J.J. and R.L. Carrasquillo. 2000. Production and Quality Control of High
Performance Concrete in Texas Bridge Structures, Research Report 580/589-1, Center
for Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin.
Ozyidirim, C., 1984. 4 x 8 Inch Concrete Cylinders Versus 6x12 Inch Cylinders, VHTRC
84-R44, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA, May 1984.
PCI. 1999. Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production of Structural Precast
Concrete Products, MNL-116-99, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL.
Preston, H.K. 1985. Testing 7-wire Strand for Prestressed Concrete: The State of the
Art, Journal of the Prestressed Concrete Institute, Vol. 30, No.3, May/June 1985.
PTI. 1990. Guide Specification for Post-Tensioning Materials. In Post-Tensioning
Manual, 5
th
Edition, Post-Tensioning Institute, Phoenix, AZ.
PTI. 1990. Recommended Practice for Grouting of Post-Tensioned Prestressed
Concrete. In Post-Tensioning Manual, 5
th
Edition, Post-Tensioning Institute, Phoenix,
AZ.
Zia, P.and A. Caner. 1993. Cracking in Large Sized Long Span Prestressed Concrete
AASHTO Girders, Report No. FHWA/NC/94-003, Center for Transportation
Engineering Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 1 -

PHN 9: CT THP
MC LC

9.1 M T
9.2 VT LIU..
9.2.1 Ct thp khng bc.
9.2.2 Ct thp bc epoxi..
9.2.3 Thanh ct thp khng g.....
9.2.4 Bo co th nghim ca nh my....
9.3 DANH MC CC THANH V S UN..
9.4 CH TO
9.4.1 Un.
9.4.2 Kch thc mc v im un
9.4.3 Nhn dng
9.5 VN CHUYN, CT GI, V TNH TRNG B MT CT THP
9.6 T V BUC CT THP...
9.6.1 Tng qut..
9.6.2 H thng ..
9.6.3 Khi b tng c sn..
9.6.4 B cc thanh si thp
9.6.5 iu chnh.
9.6.6 Sa cha lp v epoxi b hng.....
9.7 NI CC THANH
9.7.1 Tng qut.....
9.7.2 Mi ni chng......
9.7.3 Mi ni hn...
9.7.4 B ni c kh.
9.8 NI CC TM LI SI THP HN
9.9 THAY TH
9.10 O AC.
9.11 THANH TON
Ti liu vin dn ....
9-2
9-2
9-2
9-2
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-4
9-4
9-4
9-4
9-4
9-5
9-5
9-5
9-5
9-5
9-6
9-6
9-6
9-6
9-6
9-7
9-8
9-9

PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 2 -

PHN 9
CT THP

9.1 M T
Cng vic ny gm vic cung cp v t ct thp ph hp vi cc tiu chun k
thut ny v tun theo cc h s hp ng.
9.2 VT LIU
Tt c cc thanh ct thp phi c g, tr cc thanh trn c th dng lm ai
xon c hoc thanh ai.
Cc thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu sau y.
9.2.1 Ct thp khng bc
Ct thp khng bc phi ph hp vi mt trong cc tiu chun sau y:
Thp c g v thp thanh, thp trn lm ct cho b tngAASHTO M
31M/M 31 (ASTM A 615/A 615M). Phi dng thp cp 60 (cp 420) tr khi
c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.
Thp-ray v thp thanh trn lm ct cho b tngAASHTO M 322M/M 322
(ASTM A 996/A 996M) Phi dng thp cp 60 (cp 420) tr khi c cc quy
nh khc trong h s hp ng.
Ch gii
Thp cp 60 ( cap 420) trong ASTM A 615/A 615M
Thp hp kim thp c g v thanh trn lm ct cho b tngASTM A
706/A 706M.
Tm li hn si thp trn lm ct cho b tngAASHTO M 55M/M 55
(ASTM A 185).
Si thp trn dng lm ct cho b tng--AASHTO M 32M/M 32 (ASTM A
82).
Tm li si thp hn c g dng lm ct cho b tngAASHTO M
221M/M 221 (ASTM A 497)
9.2.2 Ct thp bc epoxi
Ct thp bc epoxi phi ph hp vi iu 9.2.1.
Khi c yu cu dng cc thanh ct thp bc epoxi, vt liu v phng php
bc, vic ch to, vn chuyn, nh dng thp, v sa cha cc ch v bc h
hng,xy ra trong qu trnh ch to v vn chuyn t ni xp hng ti cng trng,
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M 284M/M 284 (ASTM D 3963/D 3963M),
nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Cc thanh thp bc epoxi phi c bc trong mt xng c chng ch lm
cng vic ny ph hp vi Chng trnh chng nhn t nguyn ca Vin ct thp v
cc xng lm cng vic bc epoxi dnh-chy, hoc tng ng.
Si v si hn c bc epoxi phi tun th cc yu cu ca ASTM A 884/A
884M,loi A.
PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 3 -

Mi chuyn hng ct thp c bc epoxi phi km theo mt chng ch p ng
do hng lm cng vic bc v k xc nhn l cc thanh ct thp ny tun th cc yu
cu ca AASHTO M 317M/M 317 (ASTM D 3963/D 3963M) v AASHTO M 284M/M
284 (ASTM A 775/A 775M) hoc ASTM A 934/A 934M, hoc l cc tm li si hoc
si hn c bc epoxi ph hp vi ASTM A 884/A 884M, loi A.
9.2.3 Thanh ct thp khng g
Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng, cc ct thp c g hoc thanh trn thp
khng g phi tun th cc yu cu ca ASTM A 955/A 955M.
9.2.4 Bo co th nghim ca nh my
Khi cc thanh ct thp, ngoi cc thanh ph hp vi ASTM A 706/ A706M,
cn phi ni bng hn, hoc khi c yu cu khc, phi np cho K s mt bn sao c
xc nhn bo co th nghim ca nh my cho bit phn tch vt l v ha hc ca
mi m nu hoc l thanh ct thp giao.

9.3 DANH MC CC THANH V S UN THANH
Khi h s hp ng khng bao gm cc danh mc chi tit cc thanh v cc s
un thanh, Nh thu phi cung cp cc danh mc v s cho K s xt
chp thun. Vic ch to vt liu ch c bt u sau khi cc danh mc c
chp thun. Vic chp thun danh mc cc thanh thp v cc s un khng h gii
thot cho Nh thu khi trch nhim v s chnh xc ca cc danh mc v s .
Mi chi ph lin quan ti vic kim k cc vt liu cung cp theo cc danh mc v s
cho ph hp vi cc bn v thit k phi do Nh thu chu.
9.4 CH TO
9.4.1 Un
Cc thanh ct thp phi ct v un theo hnh dng cho trong h shp ng.
Cc dung sai ch to phi theo ACI 315-92, Ti liu thit k chi tit. Tt c cc thanh
phi un ngui, tr khi c php lm khc. Cc thanh chn mt phn trong b tng
khng c un ti hin trng, tr khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng.
9.4.2 Kch thc mc v im un
Kch thc cc mc v ng knh cc im un o pha trong thanh phi theo
nh cho trong h s hp ng. Khi cc kch thc cc mc hoc ng knh im
un khng cho sn, chng phi ph hp vi iu 5.11.2 ca Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD hoc Tiu chun xy dng b tng kt cu ACI 318/318R-95..
Ch gii
iu 5.11.2, Kch thc mc v im un c dn gii ti Trin khai ct thp
trong Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004.
9.4.3 Nhn dng
Cc thanh thp phi c chuyn ch thnh b tiu chun, c nhn v nh
du theo S tay cng ngh tiu chun ca Vin ct thp cho b tng (CRSI).
Ch gii
V tiu chun nhn dng thanh ct thp, tham kho S tay cng ngh tiu
chun ca CRSI, 1996.

PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 4 -

9.5 VN CHUYN, CT GI V TNH TRNG B MT CT THP

Ct thp phi c ct gi trn cc sn, cc khi k hoc cc gi khc cao
khi mt t, v c bo v khng b tn thng c hc v h hng b mt do
tip xc vi cc iu kin lm r. Khi t trong cng trnh, ct thp khng c dnh
cht bn, xp r hoc lp r, va, sn, m, du hoc cc v phi kim loi khc lm gim
dnh bm. c php dng ct thp bc epoxi ph hp vi cc tiu chun ny. Ct
thp khng c c cc khuyt tt c hi nh b nt hoc tch thnh lp. Cc ch r

dnh cht, cc vt so, cc ch khng u trn b mt hoc cc vt do cn khng phi
l nguyn nhn loi b thp, min l cc kch thc, din tch tit din ngang ti
thiu v cc c tnh chu ko ca mu phm thp p ng cc yu cu vt l v kch
c v cp thp quy nh.
Ct thp bc epoxi phi c vn chuyn v ct gi bng cc phng php
khng lm h hng lp v epoxi. Tt c cc h thng cu nng vn chuyn ct thp
bc epoxi phi c cc lp m lt thch hp ti cc din tch tip xc. Tt c cc k
b ct thp phi c m lt v tt c cc b thp phi c cu vi mt thanh treo
khe nhiu im , hoc mt sn cu ngn nga s mi mn gia cc thanh
hoc ga cc si do b thp b x. Khng c th ri hoc ko cc thanh hoc cc
b. Cc thp bc epoxi phi vn chuyn v ct gi trn cc gi bng g hoc c
m lt.
Ct thp bc epoxi phi lp tc c bo v khi nng chiu, mui phun, v
tip xc vi thi tit bao quanh. Phi b tr c lung khng kh lun chuyn quanh
cc ct thp c bo v gim thiu ngng ng hi nc di cc lp bc
bo v.

9.6 T V BUC CT THP
9.6.1 Tng qut
Cc ct thp phi t chnh xc nh cho trong h s hp ng v buc chc
yn v trong khi b tng v ng kt ca b tng. Phi buc ti tt c giao im cc
thanh xung quanh chu vi ca mi tm ct thp, v ti cc giao im khc cch nhau
khng nh hn 600 mm t tim ti tim hoc ti mi giao im, ly khong cch no In
hn. Cc b thanh phi buc vi nhau ti cc im cch nhau khng qu 1800 mm,
tim ti tim. buc ct thp bc epoxi, si thp buc v cc kp kim loi phi l loi
bc cht do hoc bc epoxi. Nu ct thp li c chuyn ch ti thnh cun, phi
dn thnh cc tm phng trc khi t. Khng c hn cc thanh giao nhau (hn
nh) lp rp ct thp, tr khi c K s cho php bng vn bn.
9.6.2 H thng
Cc thanh ct thp phi c ti cc v tr ng ca chng bng cch dng
cc khi b tng c sn, cc b cc si thp, cc thanh ph hoc cc loi dng
c khc c chp thun. Cc khi hoc dng c ny phi c chiu cao v t
cch u nhau sao duy tr khong cch gia cc ct thp v b mt vn khun
hoc mt trn ca tm bn mt cu trong vng 6 mm so voi cho trong h s hp ng.
Cc sn ngi v thit b trong lc b tng phi c trc tip trn
vn khun ch khng phi trn ct thp.
9.6.3 Khi b tng c sn

Cc khi b tng c sn phi c cng chu nn khng nh hn cng
PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 5 -

ca b tng s chn t cc khi ny. i vi cc b mt l ra ngoi, b mt cc khi
tip xc vi vn khun phi c kch thc khng qu 50 mm x 50 mm v phi c rnu
sc v cu trc ha hp vi b mt b tng. Khi dng trn cc b mt thng ng
hoc dc nghing, cc khi ny phi c mt si thp chn buc cc khi vo ct
thp. Khi dng trong cc tm bn, c th dng si thp buc, hoc nu trng lng
ct thp gi chc khi b tng ti ch, c th lm mt ng rnh ti mt trn
ca khi k. Vi cc thanh thp bc epoxi, cc si buc cng phi bc cht do
hoc bc epoxi.
9.6.4 B cc thanh si thp
B thanh si thp, nh cc k hoc tm gi bng st phi ph hp vi
thc tin cng nghip nh m t trong S tay cng ngh chun ca Vin Ct thp b
tng (CRSI) . Cc k hoc gi t ln vn khun ca cc b mt l ra ngoi phi
hoc l Loi 1Bo v ti a (bo v bng cht do) hoc l Loi 2, Kiu BBo v
c mc (bt thp khng g), thp khng g dng cho loi ny phi ph hp vi
ASTM A4 93, Kiu 430. i vi ct thp bc epoxi, tt c cc b thanh si thp
phi bc cht do hoc bc epoxi.
Ch gii
V tiu chun i vi cc b thanh si thp, tham kho Ti liu cng ngh
chun, 1996 ca CRSI.
9.6.5 iu chnh
Ct thp thng dng trong b

tng ko sau phi c iu chnh hoc t li
trong khi lp t cc ng lun cp to ng sut trc, ty theo yu cu phi cc
khong trng dnh cho thp, neo v thit bi to ng sut, nh c K s chp
thun.
9.6.6 Sa cha lp v epoxi b hng
Ngoi cc yu cu ca iu 9.2.2, Ct thp bc epoxi mi h hng ca lp
v epoxi bc ct thp xy ra trong khi vn chuyn v lp t thp phi c sa cha.
Lng ti a ca din tch cc khu vc sa cha khng c vt qu su phn
trm trn mt mt di. Nu h hng trong khi vn chuyn, lp t vt qu su phn
trm din tch trn mt mt di, thanh phi loi b v thay bng mt thanh thp bc
epoxi khc c th chp nhn c. Tng cc din tch ph bng vt liu dng v
khi sa cha tt c cc giai on cng vic khng c vt qu nm phn trm
tng din tch b mt mi thanh. Vt liu v phi c xc nh trc l t cht
lng theo yu cu i vi vt liu lm v bc, v phi c ghi r trn cc bnh ng
l p ng cc yu cu ca Ph lc A1 ca AASHTO M 317M/M 317 (ASTM D 3963/
D 3963M) v AASHTO M 284M/ M 284 (ASTM A 775/ A 775M) hoc Ph lc 1 ca
ASTM A 934/ A 934M, hoc phi krn theo mt chng ch hp cch xc nhn vt liu
p ng cc yu c ca Ph Ic A1 ni trn. Vic v cc khu vc h hng phi thc
hin theo cc khuyn co ca Nh sn xut. Vic v phi dnh thi gian bo
dng trc khi b tng ln cc thanh bc epoxi.

9.7 NI CC THANH
9.7.1 Tng qut
Tt c cc ct thp phi c cung cp vi chiu di ng nh quy nh trong
h s hp ng, tr khi c php lm khc. Tr i vi cc mi ni quy nh trong
h s hp ng v cc mi ni i vi cc thanh No.16 hoc nh hn, khng c
php ni cc loi thanh khc, nu khng c K s chp thun bng vn bn. Cc
PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 6 -

mi ni phi t so le nhau cng xa cng tt.
9.7.2 Mi ni chng
Cc mi ni chng phi c chiu di nh quy nh trong h s hp ng. Nu
khng c quy nh trong h s hp ng, chiu di mi ni chng phi ph hp vi
iu 5.11.5.3.1 hoc iu 5.11.5.5.1 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD,
hoc nh c K s chp thun.
Ch gii
Cc yu cu v mi ni chng c dn gii trong iu 5.11.5.3.1, Mi ni
chng chu ko, v iu 5.11.5.5.1, Mi ni chng chu nn ca Tiu chun thit k
cu AASHTO LRFD.
Trong mi ni chng, cc thanh phi t v buc sao duy tr c khong
cch ti thiu ti b mt ca b tng cho trong h s hp ng. Khng c dng
mi ni chng i vI cc thanh No. 43 v No. 57, tr nh quy nh hoc trong Iu
5.11.5.2.1 hoc trong iu 5.11.5.5.1 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Ch gii
Cc yu cu v mi ni chng c dn gii trong iu 5.11.5.2.1, Mi ni
chng, ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
9.7.3 Mi ni hn
Cc mi ni hn ch c dng nu c v chi tit trong h s hp ng, hoc
c K s cho php bng vn bn. Vic hn phi ph hp vi Quy tc hn kt
cuCt thp, ANSI/AWS D1.4, v vn kin hp ng.
Khng c dng cc mi ni hn trn cc thanh bc epoxi. trnh khng
t nng v bc ca cc thanh bc epoxi, khng c hn qu gn cc thanh ny.
9.7.4 B ni c kh
Cc b ni c kh ch c dng khi c chp thun trc hoc c v chi tit
trong h s hp ng, hoc c K s cho php bng vn bn. Cc b ni ny phi
pht trin c Ic ko hoc lc nn, ty yu cu, t nht bng 125 phn trm cng
chy c trng ca thanh thp c ni.
Nu c yu cu ca K s, hai cho mi mt trm mi ni, hoc mt phn ca s
, t ti hin trng v c K s chn mt cch ngu nhin, phi c Nh thu
thay ra v c K s th nghim xem c t 125 phn trm cng chy quy nh
ca thanh thp c ni khng.

9.8 NI CC TM LI SI THP HN

Cc tm li si thp hn phi ni bng cch chng In nhau duy tr mt
cng ng u v phi buc chc chn ti cc u v cc mp. on chng
mp khng c nh hn mt chiu rng li cng thm 50 mm.

9.9 THAY TH

Ch c php thay th thanh c khc khi c K s cho php. Cc thanh
thay th phi c din tch tng ng vi din tch thit k hoc ln hn, v phi
PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 7 -

ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 5.7.3.4 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO
LRFD, 2004.
Ch gii
V thay th thanh c khc, tham kho iu 5.7.3.4, Kim sot nt bng phn
b ct thp ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.

9.10 O C

Ct thp a vo trong b tng s c o m theo kilogram da trn tng
trng lng tinh ton i vi cc c v chiu di cc thanh, si v tm li si thp
hn ghi trong h s hp ng, hoc c K s chp thun dng trong cng trnh.
Trng lng cc thanh ct thp c tnh theo trng lng cho trong Bng
9.10-1.
Bng 9.10-1 Thanh ct thpTrng lng v din tch danh nh

C thanh No.
Trng lng
Kg/m
Din tch tit din
mm
2

10 0,560
71
13 0,994
129
16 1,552
199
19 2,235
284
22 3,042
387
25 3,973
510
29
5,060
645
32 6,404
819
36 7,907
1006
43 11,38
1452
57 20,24
2581
Trng lng ca cc si thp, cc tm li si thp hn v cc thanh trn c
kch c khc vi cc c lit k trong Bng 9.10-1 c tnh theo cc bng trng
lng do CRSI xut bn trong MSP-1 hoc tnh bng cch s dng cc kch thc
danh nh v mt t trng c nh l 7850 kg/m
3
. Nu trong h s hp ng c cho
trng lng ca sn phm si thp hn, tnh theo n v trng lng mi m
2
, th s
dng tr s ny.
Trng lng ct thp dng trong cc hng mc nh Ian can v cc cu kin
c sn, m vic thanh ton cho ct thp xt n trong gi hp ng ca hng
mc , s khng c tnh. c xt cc thanh hoc cc cht c ren, t sau khi
lp t cc cu kin c sn trong cng trnh v dng lin kt cc cu kin ny vi
b tng ti ch.
Khng xt n cc kp, si thp buc, cc ming ngn cch, cc k si
thp v cc vt liu khc dng buc ct thp ti ch. Nu cc thanh c thay th
theo yu cu ca Nh thu dn n kt qu lng thp s dng vt qu lng thp
PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 8 -

quy nh trong h s hp ng, ch tnh theo lng thp quy nh trong h s hp
ng.
Thp ph thm cho cc mi ni khng ghi trong h s hp ng, nhng c
php theo quy nh y, khng c tnh.
Khng xt n trng lng lp v bc epoxi khi tnh trng lng ct thp bc
epoxi.

9.11 THANH TON
Khi lng ct thp xc nh qua o c mi loi ct thp ghi trong h s hp
ng s c thanh ton theo gi hp ng cho mi kilogram. Vic thanh ton c
xem l n b y cho vic cung cp, ch to, ni v t ct thp, bao bm c
mi cng vic v vt liu ph cn thit.
PHN 9: CT THP 9 - 9 -

Ti liu vin dn

rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3

AASHTO. 2004. Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Methods of
th

AWS. 1998. ANSI/AWS D1.4 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel, American
Welding Society, Miami, FL.

CRSI. 1996. Manual of Standard Practice, MSP-1, Concrete Reinforcing Steel
Institute, Chicago, IL.

PHN 10: TO NG SUT TRC 10- 1 -

PHN 10: TO NG SUT TRC
MC LC

10.1 TNG QUT....
10.1.1 M t...
10.1.2 Chi tit thit k.
10.2 BN V B SUNG..
10.1.3 Bn v thi cng v bn v ch to
10.1.4 Bn v lp t....................
10.2 VT LIU...
10.2.1 Thp ng sut trc v neo...
10.3.1.1 Tao thp
10.3.1.2 Si thp
10.3.1.3 Thanh thp
10.3.2 Neo v cc b ni neo cng sau..
10.3.2.1 H thng c dnh bm
10.3.2.2 H thng khng dnh bm..
10.3.2.3 Nghim thu c bit thit b neo ..
10.3.2.3.1 Yu cu i vi khi mu th .
10.3.2.3.2 Kch thc khi mu th ..
10.3.2.3.3 Ct thp cc b..
10.3.2.3.4 Ct thp lp v.
10.3.2.3.5 Cng b tng.
10.3.2.3.6 Th tc th nghim
10.3.2.3.7 Th nghim cht ti chu k............
10.3.2.3.7a Tng qut.
10.3.2.3.7b B rng v cch thc nt..
10.3.2.3.8 Th nghim cht ti lin tc....
10.3.2.3.8a Tng qut..
10.3.2.3.8b B rng v cch thc nt...
10.3.2.3.9 Th nghim cht ti u u...
10.3.2.3.9a Tng qut.
10.3.2.3.9b B rng v cch thc nt
10.3.2.3.10 Yu cu i vi vng neo
10.3.2.3.11 Yu cu i vi l th nghim
10-4
10-4
10-4
10-5
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-7
10-7
10-7
10-7
10-7
10-7
10-8
10-8
10-8
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-9
10-10
10-10
10-10
10-10
10-10
10-10
10-10
10-10
10-11
10-11
10-11

10.3.2.3.12 Ghi chp v thit b neo..
10.4 LP T NG BC CT THP V THIT B NEO..............
10.4.1 Lp t ng bc...
10.4.1.1 Tng qut..
10.4.1.2 L thng vo ra ca ng bc.
10.4.1.3 Th ng lun thp cng sau...
10.4.2 t ct thp ng sut trc.
10.4.2.1 t ct thp cng trc.
10.4.2.2 t ct thp cng sau.
10.4.2.2.1 Bo v ct thp sau khi lp t..
10.4.3 t dng c neo.....
10.5 NHN DNG V TH NGHIM.
10.5.1 Tao thp cng trc...
10.5.2 Tao thp cng sau.
10.5.3 B neo v b ni.
10.6 BO V CT THP TO NG SUT TRC..
10.7 CHT CHNG N MN..
10.8 NG .
10.8.1 Tng qut.....
10.8.2 ng kim loi.....
10.8.3 ng cht do...
10.8.4 Din tch ng...
10.8.5 Linh kin ca ng....
10.9 VA PHUN..
10.9.1 Chp thun...
10.9.2 Pha trn ...
10.9.3 c trng vt l ca va phun.....
10.10 CNG CT THP..
10.10.1 Cc yu cu chung v vic cng ct thp
10.10.1.1 Cng b tng.
10.10.1.2 Thit b to ng sut trc.
10.10.1.3 Trnh t to ng sut trc.
10.10.1.4 o ng sut
10.10.2 Cc yu cu i vi cng trc.....
10.10.3 Cc yu cu i vi cng sau
10.10.4. Ghi chp v thao tc to ng sut
10-11
10-12
10-12
10-12
10-12
10-13
10-13
10-13
10-13
10-13
10-14
10-14
10-15
10-15
10-15
10-16
10-16
10-16
10-16
10-17
10-17
10-17
10-17
10-18
10-18
10-18
10-18
10-21
10-21
10-22
10-22
10-22
10-22
10-23
10-24
10-24

10.10.5 Bo v ct thp.
10.11 PHUN VA
10.11.1 Tng qut
10.11.2 Chun b ng.
10.11.3 Thit b
10.11.4 Trn va.
10.11.5 Phun va
10.11.6 Cc vn cn xem xt v nhit ..
10.11.7 Phun va theo chiu thng ng...
10.11.8 Kim tra sau khi phun..
10.11.9 Hon thin................
10.11.10 Bo v u neo..........
10.11.11 Lu thng trong khi xy dng v cc thao tc to nn chn ng.........
10.12 O C V THANH TON...
10.12.1 o c.
10.12.2 Thanh ton.
Ti liu vin dn ..

10-25
10-25
10-25
10-26
10-26
10-27
10-27
10-28
10-28
10-28
10-28
10-28
10-29
10-30
10-30
10-30
10-31


PHN 10
TO NG SUT TRC

10.1 TNG QUT
10.1.1 M t
Cng vic ny gm c vic to ng sut trc cho b tng c sn hoc c ti
ch bng cch cung cp, t v cng thp to ng sut trc: theo cc chi tit cho
trong h s hp ng, v nh quy nh trong bn Tiu chun ny. N bao gm vic
to ng sut trc bng phng php hoc cng trc hoc cng sau hoc bng mt
t hp ca hai phng php .
Cng vic ny phi bao gm c vic cung cp v lp t mi hng mc ph
thuc cn thit cho h to ng sut trc s dng, bao gm nhng khng hn ch ch
l cc ng, b neo v va dng cho cc ng p lc .
Khi cc cu kin l thi cng vi mt phn ct thp cng trc v mt phn
cng sau, yu cu c th p dng c ca bn tiu chun ny phi p dng cho mi
phng php.
Ch gii
i vi b tng ng sut trc c ti ch, t cu kin dng phn ny l
ch b tng chu ng sut trc.
10.1.2 Chi tit thit k
Khi thit k cng vic to ng sut trc khng c chi tit trong h s hp
ng, Nh thu phi xc nh cc chi tit hoc loi h thng to ng sut trc s
dng v chn cc vt liu v cc chi tit ph hp vi bn Tiu chun ny ty cn thit
tha mn cc yu cu quy nh cho vic to ng sut trc. H thng c chn
phi cung cp mc v phn b ca lc to ng sut v cng cc hn yu cu
trong h s hp ng m khng vt qu cc ng sut tm thi cho php. Tr khi c
quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, tt c cc th tuc thit k, cc h s v ng sut
cho php, ma st v cc tn tht ng sut trc cng nh khong cch cc b cp v
khong trng phi ph hp vi mt hoc c hai ti liu, Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD v Tiu chun hng dn thit k v xy dng cu b tng phn
on mt cch thch hp.
Vic to ng sut trc c th thc hin bng cc phng php cng trc
hoc cng sau tr khi h s hp ng ch quy nh cc chi tit cng trc. Nu h s
hp ng ch quy nh cc chi tit cng trc, ch c php s dng mt h thng
cng sau nu ton b cc chi tit ca mi sa i cn thit c K s t vn chp
thun.
Khi lc hoc ng sut hu hiu hoc lm vic c quy nh trong h s hp
ng, n phi c xem l lc hoc ng sut cn li trong thp ng sut trc, sau
khi xy ra hoc xt ti tt c cc tn tht, gm tn tht do t bin v do co ngt
ca b tng, do co ngn n hi ca b tng, do t chng ca thp, do ma st v tn
tht khi ng neo v tt c cc tn tht khc lin quan n phng php hoc h
thng to ng sut trc. Khi lc kch ko c quy nh trong h s hp ng, phi
xem l lc tc dng vo b cp trc khi neo v xut hin mi tn tht, k c tn
tht do t neo.

Ch gii
Chi tit thit k to ng sut ch dn ti Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO
LRFD, 2004 v Tiu chun hng dn thit k v xy dng cu b tng phn on,
1999
Cc nh thit k kt cu cc cu cng sau phi xem li cc tiu chun hng
dn ca Vin cng sau, Tiu chun chp nhn c v cc h thng cng sau v
Tiu chun hng dn v phun va cho cc kt cu cng sau.
H s hp ng phi bao gm m t v mt phng php xy dng da vo
thit k. Khi vic thit k cng vic to ng sut c chi tit ha y trong h
s hp ng, cc bn v ca hp ng thng thng phi c trin khai y chi
tit m bo cho vic lp t cc linh kin kt cu chn trong b tng khng va
chm ln nhau. Nu hp ng xt ti dng k thut ph thm thc hin cc chi tit
thit k cho vic cng sau, cc bn v phi nu r c cc yu cu ln cc tiu chun
nghim thu i vi k thut ph thm. Tiu chun nghim thu v thit k v thit k chi
tit, nu khc vi cc iu nu trong mt hoc c hai ti liu, Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHYO LRFD v Tiu chun hng dn thit k v xy dng cu b tng phn
on, xut bn ln th hai, th phi quy nh chi tit ti mc cc yu cu c th p
ng khng cn ti s can thip ca K s. V mc ch ny, phi ch r y chi tit
v h thng to ng sut bng vic trnh by kch c b cp, kch c ng bc v cc
chi tit v thit b neo trong bn v
Khi Nh thu kin ngh cc thay i v cc chi tit to ng sut ghi trn cc bn
v ca hp ng, h s hp ng phi tuyn b r rng l vic thc hin cc chi tit
ca h thng to ng sut ph hp vi iu 10.1.2 v vic chun b cc bn v thi
cng b sung ca h thng to ng sut kin ngh ph hp vi iu 10.2.1 l thuc
trch nhim ca Nh thu.
Cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.2.3.9, Trnh by bn v cng sau trong Tiu
chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD,2001 c pht trin nm 1987 v Phn
28.,Tiu chun, Bn v hp ng v cc Phng php xy dnh khc nhau ca Tiu
chun Tiu chun hng dn thit k v xy dng cu b tng phn on do
AASHTO xut bn ln u nm 1998. Quy nh trong Phn 28 c ti bn nm
1999 khng c thay i so vi ln xut bn th hai ca Tiu chun hng dn thit k
v xy dng cu b tng phn on ca AASHTO.
Trong cc quy nh Thit k-u thu-Xy dng v trin khai cc bn v,
thng coi K s c trch nhim chun b ton b cc bn v ca hp ng, k c
cc bn v y chi tit m bo khng xy ra xung t v tr trong lp t cc
hng mc kt cu chn trong b tng. Khi yu cu ny khng c bao hm trong
phm vi trch nhim ca K s, hoc khi Nh thu kin ngh cc thay i c bn i
vi cc bn v ca hp ng, h s hp ng phi tuyn b r rng l vic xc nh
cc chi tit ca h thng cng sau ph hp vi iu 10.1.2 ca bn Tiu chun ny l
thuc trch nhim ca Nh thu. Tuy nhin, yu cu ny khng gim nh trch nhim
ca K s trong vic m bo vic cn nhc chi tit ha thit k l hon ho v kh
thi. Khi c yu cu trong h s hp ng l ngoi cc bn v thi cng, Nh thu phi
chun b cc bn v lp t i km ca tt c cc hng mc chn trong b tng ph
hp vi iu 10.2.2 ca bn Tiu chun ny.
10.2 BN V B SUNG
10.2.1 Bn v thi cng v bn v ch to
Khi h s hp ng khng bao gm cc chi tit y v h thng to ng
sut trc v phng php lp t n, hoc khi cc chi tit y c trong h s hp
ng nhng Nh thu mun ngh c thay i no , Nh thu phi chun b v
np cho K s cc bn v thi cng ca h thng to ng sut trc ngh s dng.

Vic ch to hoc lp t cc vt liu to ng sut trc ch c bt u sau khi K
s chp thun cc bn v.
Cc bn v thi cng ca h thng to ng sut trc phi trnh by ton b cc
chi tit v cc tnh ton chng minh phng php, vt liu v thit b Nh thu kin
ngh s dng trong cc thao tc to ng sut trc, bao gm mi b sung hoc sp
xp li ct thp v mi sa i kch thc b tng so vi kch thc quy nh trong h
s hp ng. Cc chi tit ny phi phc ra phng php v trnh t to ng sut v
phi bao gm y cc tiu chun v cc chi tit ca thp to ng sut trc v
thit b neo, ng sut lm vic, ng sut neo, gin di ca b thp, loi ng v tt
c cc s liu khc lin quan n thao tc to ng sut trc, k c kin ngh v b tr
ct thp ng sut trc trong cu kin.
Cc bn v thi cng phi np vo mt thi gian trc khi bt u cng vic c
lin quan K s c thi gi xem xt v Nh thu thi gi sa cha cc bn
v m khng lm chm cng vic.
Khi c yu cu trong cc bn v ca hp ng hoc trong h s hp ng, Nh
thu phi chun b cc bn v gn t tt c cc hng mc chn trong b tng. Nu
iu khon c c yu cu v k thut ph thm hoc thit k chi tit, yu cu
phi c tuyn b r, nh ghi trong iu 10.1.2.
Bn v ch to v cng sau hoc cc linh kin gn sau khc, nh khe co gin,
gi, v bu lng neo, do Nh cung cp trnh np phi c K s sot xt chp thun
v tnh ph hp vi khi nim thit k v s tun th cc bn v thit k v cc tiu
chun. Khi cc thng tin v h thng to ng sut trc trong h s hp ng c
Nh thu bin ci, hoc khi cc bn v ca hp ng khng cung cp cc thng tin
y chi tit v kch thc ca h thng to ng sut trc, Nh thu c trch
nhim phi hp vic sp t h thng to ng sut trc vi cc linh kin chn trong
b tng, v hiu chnh cc xung t v tr do Nh cung cp h thng cng sau to ra,
hoc cc thay th khc. B tr ca h cng sau phi khng ch b tr ca h ct thp
thng th yu. Khi cn thit, v tr ca cc ct thp thng phi iu chnh dnh
ch cho cc b cp, vic lm ny phi c s chp thun ca K s.
10.2.2 Bn v lp t
Khi c yu cu trong h s hp ng, ngoi tt c cc bn v thi cng yu
cu, Nh thu phi chun b cc bn v lp t theo t l v chi tit trnh by cc
v tr tng i v chiu su chn ca cc linh kin s chn trong b tng ca cc
on kt cu s c to ng sut trc. Cc hng mc chn bn trong bao gm
ng to ng sut trc, ng thng hi, ct thp v thit b vng neo, bu lng neo, thit
b hm ng t, b bt khe bn mt cu, h thng thot nc, ng tin ch, v cc
hng mc cng loi khc. Nhng bn v ny phi chi tit m bo s khng xy
ra xung t v tr gia cc hng mc, v lp v b tng bo v l ph hp. Khi hp
ng i hi Nh thu trin khai cc bn v v h thng cng sau, hoc khi Nh thu
c cc thay i v h to ng sut trc ghi trn bn v, Nh thu phi chun b cc
bn v thi cng v cc hng mc chn trong b tng hoc kin ngh cc thay i v
kch thc ca cng trnh, ty cn thit, loi tr cc xung t, nu xy ra do h
cng sau, v cung cp mt lp b tng bo v thch hp. Vic x l cc im xung t
phi theo cc iu khon ca iu 10.1.2. Mi sa i nh vy phi c K s chp
thun trc khi bt u lm bt c hng mc lin quan. Mi chi ph lin quan n vic
chun b cc bn v nh vy v tin hnh cc thay i cn thit trong cng vic u
do Nh thu chu. iu i hi cc bn v lp t phi c chi tit ha t l v
cht lng trnh by hai hng ct thp v cc chi tit ca thanh cng sau trn
bn v khng gian hai chiu hoc ba chiu.

10.3. VT LIU
10.3.1 Thp to ng sut trc v neo
Thp to ng sut trc phi l cc tao by si cng cao, cc si thp
cng cao, hoc cc thanh hp kim cng cao c cp hng v chng loi theo
yu cu ca h s hp ng hoc phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca` Tiu chun sau
y.
10.3.1.1 Tao thp
Tao thp by si khng bc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M
203M/M 203 (ASTM A 416/ A 416M). Pha p dng Phn b sung S1 ( chng thp)
khi c quy nh.
10.3.1.2 Si thp
Si thp khng ng sut, khng bc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M 204M/M 204 (ASTM A 421/A 421M).
10.3.1.3 Thp thanh
Cc thanh thp cng cao khng bc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M 275M/M 275 (ASTM A 722/A 722M). Cc thanh c cng cc hn ti
thiu ln hn, nhng c sn xut bng cch khc v c th nghim theo
AASHTO M 275M/M 275 (ASTM A 722/A 722M) c th s dng min l chng khng
c cc c tnh lm chng km tha mn hn cc vt liu quy nh.
10.3.2 Neo v cc b ni neo cng sau
Tt c cc neo v cc b ni neo phi pht huy c t nht 96 phn trm
cng cc hn thc t ca thp ng sut trc, khi th nghim trong trng thi
khng dnh kt khng vt qu bin dng d kin. Vic ni cp khng c lm gim
gin di khi t thp hn cc yu cu ca bn thn dy cp. Cc b neo v/hoc
cc thnh phn b ni neo phi t trong cc hp di cho php cc chuyn
ng cn thit. Ch c s dng cc b ni cp ti cc v tr c c bit ch nh
trong h s hp ng v/hoc c K s chp thun. Khng c s dng cc b
ni ti cc im dy cp c cong ngot.
Ch gii
Yu cu th nghim hiu qu ca neo pht huy c 96 phn trm cng
cc hn ca thp ng sut trc c hiu l cng cc hn thc t ch khng
phi l cng cc hn m bo. L do ca iu l phi chc chn l tc ng t
thit b kp cp khng lm gim bt kh nng ca dy cp qu 4 phn trm. iu
ch c th o da trn cng thc t ca thp thc dng trong th nghim.
10.3.2.1 H thng c dnh bm
Cc chiu di truyn dnh kt gia cc neo v vng ti cn pht trin ton
b lc to ng sut, khi chu ti trng s dng v ti trng cc han, bnh thng phi
pht trin cng cc hn ti thiu quy nh ca thp to ng sut trc. Khi
cc neo hoc cc b ni nm ti cc tit din nguy him khi chu ti trng cc hn,
cng cc hn yu cu ca dy cp c dnh kt khng c vt qu kh nng
chu lc cc hn ca ton b h dy cp, k c neo v b ni, c th nghim trong
trng thi khng dnh bm.
Cc v bc phi thit k khi phun va dy cp c th phun y va cho tt
c cc thnh phn b ni.

10.3.2.2 H thng khng dnh bm
i vi cp khng dnh bm, phi thc hin hai th nghim ng lc trn mt
mu neo v b ni i din v cp phi chu khng b t 500.000 chu k t 60 phn
trm ti 66 phn trm cng cc hn ti thiu quy nh ca mu, v cng chu 50
chu k t 40 phn trm ti 80 phn trm cng cc hn ti thiu quy nh ca
mu. Mi chu k c tnh l s thay i t mc ng sut thp nht ti mc ng
sut cao nht v ngc li ti mc thp nht. Cc mu khc nhau c th dng cho
mi mt trong hai th nghim. Vi cc ct thp ng sut trc loi s dng nhiu tao,
nhiu si hoc nhiu thp thanh c th th bng cch dng mt ct thp ng sut
trc mu c kh nng chu lc nh hn ct thp ng kch c. Ct thp ng sut
trc mu phi c tnh nng y ht ct thp ng sut trc ng kch c v ni chung
phi c kh nng chu ti khng di 10 phn trm kh nng chu ti ca ct thp
ng kch c. Yu cu phi lm cc th nghim ng lc i vi cc ct thp ng
sut trc c dnh bm khi neo nm v tr, hoc dng trong trng thi, d kin ti
trng c th tc ng lp i lp li ln neo. Ngoi ra khng cn lm cc th nghm
ng lc nu khng c yu cu trong h s hp ng.
Cc neo dng cho ct thp ng sut trc khng dnh bm khng c lm
gim gin di tng cng ca ct thp khi chu ti trng cc hn xung mc di
2 phn trm, o c trong mt chiu ti thiu l 3000 mm.
Tt c cc thnh phn b ni phi c bo v hon ton trong mt vt liu
bao bc trc khi chn vo b tng.
10.3.2.3 Nghim thu c bit thit b neo
10.3.2.3.1 Yu cu i vi khi mu th
Khi mu th l mt hnh lng tr ch nht. N phi cha cc thnh phn neo
s c chn trong b tng ca kt cu. Sp xp ca chng phi ph hp vi s sp
t thc t v cc chi tit k thut ca Nh cung cp. Khi mu th phi c mt ng
rng vi kch c thch hp vi ct thp ng sut trc ln nht c th cha c
trong thit b neo.
Ch gii
Hnh v 10.3.2.3.1-1 trnh by mu
in hnh khu vc neo c b tr cc ct thp ai
phn trn ca mu v cc ct thp b sung ni
trong iu 10.3. 2.3. 4, Ct thp 2.3.lp v
sut chiu di ca mu. Tuy nhin, Nh cung cp
thit b neo cng c th la chn cch khng
dng nhng ct thp mt phn hoc c hai
phn u khi mu.

Thit b neo bao gm ct thp b

Ct thp b sung lp v (in hnh)
Hnh v I0.3.2.3.1-1
Mu th c bit nghim thu
thit b neo

10.3.2.3.2 Kch thc khi mu th
Kch thc vung gc vi ct thp ng sut trc trn mi hng ca khi
mu phi nh hn khong cch ti thiu u hoc khong cch ti thiu quy nh
bi nh cung cp thit b neo, quy nh l lp v bo v cc ct thp, ai hoc b mt,
phi ph hp vi vic s dng v mi trng ring. Chiu di ca khi dc theo ct
thp ng sut trc phi bng hoc ln hn hai ln chiu rng ti a ca tit din
ngang.
10.3.2.3.3 Ct thp cc b
Ct thp ai khu vc cc b phi ging nh quy nh ca nh cung cp thit
b neo i vi h thng lin quan.
10.3.2.3.4 Ct thp lp v
Ngoi thit b neo v cc ct thp ai ca neo, c th b tr thm cc ct thp
lp v sut mu. Ct thp b sung cho lp v phi do nh cung cp thit b quy nh
nhng khng c vt qu t l th tch bng 0,01.
Ch gii
Ct thp b sung trong mu th c quy nh bi nh cung cp trong gii hn
ca iu 9.2.1, Ct thp khng bc. Mt lng thp ging nh vy cng c quy
nh cho kt cu thc t, nh ni trong iu 9.2.1, Ct thp khng bc. Tuy nhin,
cc ct thp khc trong phn tng ng ca kt cu (nh ct thp ti thiu cho t bin
v co ngt hoc ct thp chng bung v) c th xt thm cho mc ch ny. V ct
thp ai v b sung trong mu th thng c b tr theo cc hng vung gc, phi
b tr cc ct thp tng t trong kt cu thc t p ng mt tc ng vung gc
tng ng.
10.3.2.3.5 Cng b tng
Cng b tng lc to ng sut phi ln hn cng b tong ca mu khi
th nghim.
10.3.2.3.6 Th tc th nghim
C th coi l chp nhn c bt c mi mt trong ba trnh t sau:
Cht ti chu k m t trong iu 10.3.2.3.7
Cht ti lin tc m t trong iu 10.3.2.3.8, hoc
Cht ti u u m t trong iu 10.3.2.3.9.
Cc ti trng quy nh cho vic th nghim c cho theo mt phn s ca ti
trng cc hn F
ps
ca thanh cng ln nht m thit b neo p ng c theo thit k.
Mu th phi c cht ti ph hp vi vic s dng bnh thng thit b trong ng
dng cng sau, tr khi ti trng c th tc ng trc tip ln tm chm hoc din tch
tng ng.
Ch gii
Vic cht ti di hn c thy l nguy him hn i vi s lm vic ca khu
vc cc b hn l vic cht ti ngn hn. Th nghim cht ti chu k cho cc kt qu
c th so snh vi cc th nghim duy tr lin tc, nhng trong mt thi gian ngn hn
so vi th lin tc (FIB 2000). Th tc cht ti u u ngn hn cng c a vo
cc iu khon, Cc tiu chun nghim thu cht ch hn l cn thit tin hnh th
nghim cht ti ngn hn c th s snh vi cc phng php th nghim khc.

Cht ti ph hp vi vic s dng bnh thng thit b neo trong ng dng cng
sau c ngha l cht ti thng qua tm chm nu c, hoc trn mt din tch to bi
chu vi sp xp cc khe h ca chm. Khng i hi phi cht ti mu th qua thanh
cng.
10.3.2.3.7 Th nghim cht ti chu k
10.3.2.3.7a Tng qut
Trong th nghim cht ti chu k, ti trng c tng ti 0,8 F
ps
. Sau ti
trng c thc hin theo chu k bin ng t 0,1 F
ps
n 0,8 F
ps
cho n khi b rng
vt nt n nh, nhng khng di 10 chu k. B rng vt nt c coi l n nh nu
chng khng thay i qu 10 m qua ba ln c cui. Sau khi hon thnh vic cht ti
chu k mu th tt nht l c cht ti n ph hoi hoc ti thiu ti 1,1 F
ps
, nu b
hn ch bi kh nng ca thit b cht ti,.
Ch gii
Ti trng ph hoi ti thiu yu cu l 1,1 F
ps
,i vi cc th nghim cht ti
chu k v lin tc, phn nh vic gn mc to ng sut l 0,8 F
ps
vi h s ti
trng l 1,2 v mt h s l 0,80. Nu b hn ch bi kh nng ca thit b cht ti,
cng c th la chn quy nh ti trng ph hoi ti thiu l 1,1 F
ps
, min l cng
thc t ca b tng mu th c gim thiu tng ng.
Phi ghi chp b rng v cch thc nt ti trng ban u 0,8 F
ps
ti thiu lin
tc ba ln cui ti trng nh 0,8 F
ps
trc khi kt thc cht ti v 0,9 Fps. Ti
trng ti a cng phi ghi li.
10.3.2.3.8 Th nghim cht ti lin tc
10.3.2.3.8a Tng qut
Trong mt th nghim lin tc, ti trng phi c tng ti 0,8 F
ps
v gi khng
i ti khi vt nt n nh, nhng khng t hn 48 gi. B rng vt nt coi l n nh
nu chung khng thay i qu 25 m trong ba ln c cui. Sau khi hon thnh cht
ti lin tc, tt nht l mu th c cht ti ti ph hoi hoc ti thiu ti 1,1 F
ps
, nu
b hn ch bi kh nng ca thit b cht ti.
Phi ghi chp b rng v cch thc nt ti trng ban u 0,8 F
ps
ti thiu lin
tc ba ln vi khong cch 1 gi trong 12 gi lin trc khi kt thc cht ti lin tc,
v 0,9 F
ps
trong qu trnh cht ti n ph hoi. Ti trng ti a cng phi ghi li.
10.3.2.3.9 Th nghim cht ti u u
10.3.2.3.9a Tng qut
Trong mt th nghim u u, ti trng phi c tng ti 0,9 F
ps
v gi
khng i trong 1 gi. Tt nht l mu th c cht ti ti ph hoi hoc, ti thiu ti
1,2 F
ps
, nu b hn ch bi kh nng ca thit b cht ti.
Ch gii
Trong th nghim cht ti u u, ti trng ph hoi ti thiu yu cu tng ln
ti 1,2 Fps phn nh kinh nghim so snh cc th tc u u vi lin tc v chu k.
Nu b hn ch v nng lc ca thit b cht ti, c th chn cch quy nh mt ti
trng ph hoi l 1,0 Fps, min l cng thc ca b tng trong mu phi c
gim i tng ng.

Nu cc mu i din cho mt l cc thit b neo vt qua th nghim nghim
thu, nh cung cp cc thit b neo c th chn cch khng th nghim thm cc thit
b cng l. Tuy nhin, trch nhim m bo hiu qu ca cc neo khng th nghim
vn thuc v nh cung cp.
Phi ghi chp b rng v cch thc nt ti trng 0,9 F
ps
sau mt chu k 1 gi,
v 1,0 F
ps
. Ti trng ti a cng phi ghi li.
10.3.2.3.10 Yu cu i vi vng neo
Cng ca vng neo phi vt qu:
Mu th chu ti trng chu k hoc lin tc..1,1F
ps

Mu th chu ti trng u u...1,2F
ps

Phi tun th tiu chun b rng vt nt ti a quy nh di y trong mi
trng xm thc va phi::
Khng c vt nt ln hn 0,25 mm ti 0,8 Fps sau khi hon thnh cht ti
chu k hoc lin tc, hoc ti 0,9 Fps sau chu k 1 gi i vi cht ti u
u.
Khng c vt nt ln hn 0,4 mm ti 0,9 Fps i vi cht ti u u.
i vi mi trng xm thc cao hn, tiu chun b rng vt nt phi gim ti
thiu 50 phn trm.
Ch gii
Yu cu v b rng vt nt trong iu 10.3.2.3.10 l cn c vo cc khuyn
co trong iu 5.9.1.5, Kim sot nt ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO
LRFD,2004. Mt mi trng xm thc va phi c c trng bi mi trng m
trong mui lm tan bng hoc mui bin hin hu trong sng m, nhng ni
vic tip xc vi tc nhn n mn c ngn nga. iu ny phi bao gm hu ht
cc cng trnh cu.
Nh cung cp thit b neo phi cung cp bin bn ghi chp th nghim nghim
thu thit b cho K s-lp bin bn v cho Nh thu. Cc bin bn ny bao gm tt c
cc thng tin cn thit cho vic lp t ng n thit b neo k c vic b tr ct thp
ai v ct thp b sung .
10.3.2.3.11 Yu cu i vi l th nghim
Mt l th nghim phi bao gm 3 mu th. Mi mu th phi t cc tiu
chun nghim thu. Nu mt trong 3 mu khng qua c th nghim, cho php th
nghim b sung 3 mu khc. Kt qu ca 3 mu b sung phi p ng cc tiu chun
nghim thu ca iu 10.3.2.3.10, Yu cu i vi vng neo.
i vi mt l cc thit b neo c bit tng t, ch yu cu th nghim i vi
cc mu i din, tr khi K s i hi phi th nghim nng lc ca mi mt thit b
trong l.
10.3.2.3.12 Ghi chp v thit b neo
Bin bn nghim thu thit b neo phi bao gm:
Kch thc mu th.

Bn v v kch thc thit b neo, bao gm tt c cc ct thp ai.
S lng v b tr ct thp b sung lp v.
Loi v cng chy ca ct thp.
Loi v cng nn ca b tng thi im th nghim
Kiu loi th tc th nghim v cc o c yu cu i vi mi mu theo
iu 10.2.1.3.7 ~ iu 10.3.2.3.10.
10.4 LP T NG BC CT THP, V THIT B NEO
10.4.1 Lp t ng bc
10.4.1.1 Tng qut
Cc ng bc phi c chc chn ng v tr trong vn khun bng cch
buc vo ct thp thch hp, khng dch chuyn c trong khi b tng. Khi cn
thit phi dng cc thanh b sung gi cho ng tht thng hng. Phi dng cc
si thp buc vo vn khun khi lc y ni ng trong b tng lng c th nng thanh
ct thp ln.
ng thp polyethylen v ng kim loi dng cho ct thp cng sau theo hng
dc v hng ngang trong cnh dm phi c trn tng khong cch khng qu
600 mm. ng polyethylen trong bn bng dng cho ct thp cng sau theo hng
dc phi buc vo cc thp ai vi khong cch khng qu 600 mm, v ng kim loi
dng cho ct thp cng sau theo hng dc trong bn bng phi buc vo thp ai
vi khong cch khng qu 1200 mm.
Cc khe ni gia cc on ng phi ni bng cc lin kt c hiu qu khng
lm bin i gc ti cc mi ni v ngn cn c hin tng lt va xi mng.
Sau khi hon thnh vic lp t ng bc ct thp, vn khun, phi kim tra
xc nh v tr ch ng c th b hng.
Tt c nhng l hoc khe h khng ch tm trong ng phi sa cha trc khi
b tng.
Cc ca phun va v cc ng thng phi neo cht vo ng bc hoc vo vn
khun hoc vo ct thp ngn cn dch chuyn trong khi thao tc b tng.
Sau khi t vo vn khun, cc u ng cn thit phi Iun bt kn ngn nga
nc hoc rc ri lt vo.
Trong khi b tng cho cc phn on c sn, cc trc tm phi dng lm
thanh tng cng trong mi ng v phi ko qua sut chiu di ca phn on b
tng v ti thiu thm 600 mm vo chic ng tng ng ca phn on ln
trc, Cc trc tm phi cng duy tr hnh hc ca ng trong vng sai s 12 mm
i vi bn cnh, 25 mm i vi bn bng v 3 mm ti cc khe ni phn on.
10.4.1.2 L thng vo ra ca ng bc
Tt c cc ng bc dng trong cc kt cu lin tc phi c l thng ti cc im
cao v im thp ca tuyn ng, tr khi cong nh nh trong cc tm bn lin tc,
v ti cc v tr ph c quy nh trong h s hp ng. Cc l thng ti im thp
phi m cho n khi bt u phun va.
Ch gii
Xem Phn 2.8, L vo v ra ca Tiu chun v phun va ca kt cu cng
sau,2001 ca PTI (Vin d ng lc cng sau).

10.4.1.3 Th ng lun thp cng sau
Lc hon thnh b tng, Nh thu phi th ng ng thp cng sau, m
bo l ng thng sut khng vng mc hoc h hng v c th lt thanh ko
cng sau nh b tr, bng cch ko qua mt qu li th. Qu li th phi c cng hnh
dng tit din vi ng, v nh hn 6 mm so vi kch thc danh nh bn trong ca
ng. Khng khu tr thm i vi kch thc ca qu li th theo dung sai trong ch
to v gn lp ng. i vi ng thng, phi dng mt qu li th di ti thiu 600 mm.
i vi ng cong, chiu di phi xc nh sao khi c hai u chm vo vch pha
ngoi cng ca ng, qu th cn cch vch pha trong cng 6 mm. Nu qu th khng
lt hon ton qua ng, K s s loi b cu kin, tr khi c th sa cha thng
trng ng t c tha mn ca K s. Khi hon thnh sa cha, li th phi lt qua
ng d dng bng tay, khng cn n lc qu mnh hoc tr gip c kh.
Ch gii
Th ng bc bng dng qu th ko tay ch dnh cho trng hp thi cng phn
on. i vi trng hp thi cng phn on ton khi ti ch, Nh thu c th
xut mt phng php khc c K s chp thun.
10.4.2 t ct thp ng sut trc
10.4.2.1 t ct thp cng trc
Ct thp to ng sut trc phi t chnh xc trong vn khun v gi yn v
bng kch cng hoc cc neo tm v ch thanh cng ct thp b un gp, phi dng
thit b neo ghm xung. Thit b neo ghm dng ti cc im thay i dc ca tuyn
cp phi thuc loi ma st thp c chp thun.
Ct thp to ng sut trc khng c b ra ngoi bao bo v cho ti ngay
trc khi lp t trong vn khun v b tng. Cc khe h ca bao gi cn phi bt
li bo v ct thp cha dng. Trong khi l ra, ct thp phi c bo v chng
n mn.
10.4.2.2 t ct thp cng sau
Tt c ct thp to ng sut trc lp trc trong ng v t trc khi b
tng phi t chnh xc v gi yn v trong khi b tng.
Khi ct thp to ng sut trc c t sau khi b tng, Nh thu phi
chng minh n mc tha mn K s l cc ng khng c nc v rc ri ngay
trc lc t ct thp. Tng s lng tao trong mt ct thp ring bit c th ko vo
ng nh mt n nguyn, hoc tng tao ring bit c th y vo hoc ko vo trong
ng.
Cc thit b neo hoc cc mu neo phi t v gi sao cho trc ca chng
trng vi trc ca ct thp v cc tm neo nm vung gc vi ct thp trn tt c cc
hng.
Ct thp to ng sut trc phi c phn b sao cho lc trong mi thn dm
phi bng nhau hoc theo yu cu trong h s hp ng, tr cc quy nh y. Vi
cc dm hp c qu hai thn dm, tu theo s la chn ca Nh thu, lc to ng
sut trc c th thay i ti 5 phn trm so vi lc yu cu l thuyt cho mi thn
dm, min l t c tng lc yu cu trong kt cu nhp v lc c phn phi i
xng i vi ng tim ca on in hnh.
10.4.2.2.1 Bo v ct thp sau khi lp t
Ct thp to ng sut trc t trong cc cu kin trc khi v bo dng

b tng hoc t trong ng, nhng cha phun va trong gii hn thi gian quy nh
di y, phi tip tc c bo v chng g hoc n mn khc bng cch t mt
cht chng n mn trong ng hoc trc tip qut ln ct thp. Thp to ng sut trc
phi c bo v nh vy cho ti khi phun va hoc bc kn trong b tng. Ct thp
to ng sut trc t v cng trong cc cu kin sau khi v bo dng b tng
v c phun va trong gii hn thi gian quy nh di y khng cn s dng
mt cht chng n mn ni y, v g to thnh trong khong thi gian t lc t ct
thp n lc phun va khng phi l nguyn nhn loi b ct thp.
Khong thi gian cho php t lc t ct thp n lc phun va khng phi s
dng cht chng n mn i vi cc iu kin tip xc khc nhau c quy nh nh
sau:
Khng kh rt m hoc trn nc mn..7 ngy
( m trn 70 phn trm)
Khng kh m trung bnh.15 ngy
( m t 40 phn trm n 70 phn trm)
Khng kh rt kh.20 ngy
( m di 40 phn trm)
Sau khi cc ct thp c t trong ng, cc l u ng phi bt kn khng
hi m lt vo.
Khi bo dng bng hi nc, tr khi h thng neo yu cu lp t, khng
c lp t thp cng sau cho n khi bo dng hi nc xong,.
Cc ct thp phi c bo v chng g bng mt cht chng n mn t
trong ng hoc qut ln ct thp, v phi c to ng sut v phun va trong vng 7
ngy sau khi bo dng hi nc.
Khi tin hnh hn in trn hoc gn cc cu kin c ct thp ng sut trc,
dy tip t hn phi ni trc tip vo thp c hn. Tt c ct thp to ng sut
trc v dng c phi c bo v chng tia la hn hoc cc h hng khc.
10.4.3 t dng c neo
Nh thu c trch nhim v vic t chnh xc tt c cc vt liu theo ti liu
thit k ca K s-lp bin bn v cc yu cu do Nh cung cp thit b neo t ra.
Nh thu phi thc hin mi s thn trng v ch cn thit trong vic t dng c
neo, ct thp, v c kt b tng trong khu vc neo. Mi thay i trong cc chi tit
trong vng cc b ny, kim tra theo iu 5.10.9.7.3 ca Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD v iu 10.3.2.3, Th nghim c bit nghim thu thit b neo
y, phi c s chp thun ca K s v nh cung cp thit b.
Ch gii
Vng neo l khu vc rt then cht ca kt cu. Bi vy, vic xy dng phi theo
ng cc quy nh ca K s v nh cung cp thit b. Thay i cc chi tit ca khu
vc neo bt buc phi c K s v nh cung cp thit b chp thun.
V cc thay i cc chi tit vng cc b tham kho iu 5.10.9.7.3, Cc thit b
neo c bit ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.2004.
10.5 NHN DNG V TH NGHIM
Tt c cc si, tao, v thanh thp chuyn ch ti cng trng phi c gn

mt s hiu l hng v nhn hng nhm mc ch nhn dng. B neo chuyn ch i
cng c nhn dng nh vy.
Mi l si thp hoc thanh thp v mi cun tao thp phi c km theo mt
chng ch hp cch ca Nh sn xut, mt chng ch xut xng v mt bo co th
nghim. Chng ch xut xng v bo co th nghim phi bao gm :
Thnh phn ha hc (Khng yu cu i vi tao thp).
Din tch tit din ngang.
Cng chy v cc hn.
gin di khi t.
Mun n hi, v
ng cong ng sut- bin dng i vi ct thp to ng sut trc nh
mang dng.
Tt c cc gi tr chng nhn phi cn c vo cc gi tr th nghim v din
tch tit din ngang danh nh ca vt liu c chng nhn.
Nh thu phi cung cp cho K s kim tra cc mu th nghim m t cc
mc sau y, la chn cho mi l hng. Nu c ch th ca K s, Kim tra vin s la
chn cc mu ti xng ca Nh sn xut.
Tt c cc mu trnh np phi mang tnh cch i din ca l hng cung cp v
trong trng hp si thp hoc tao thp, phi c ly trong cng mt cun gc.
Cng thc ca ct thp to ng sut trc khng c nh hn cng
quy nh bi Tiu chun ASTM thch hp, v phi c xc nh bng cc mu i
din ca vt liu tao thp ph hp vi Tiu chun ASTM. Tt c cc vt liu quy nh
th nghim phi cung cp khng kinh ph v phi giao hng ng hn th
nghim kp trc thi gian nh s dng.
10.5.1 Tao thp cng trc
Vi cc tao thp to ng sut trc, phi cung cp mt mu di ti thiu 2100
mm ph hp vi cc yu cu ca on 9.1 ca AASHTO M 203M/M 203 (ASTM A
416/A 416M).
10.5.2 Tao thp cng sau
Cc chiu di sau y phi cung cp cho mi l hoc mt phn ca 18 tn vt
liu dng cho cng trnh :
Cc si thp khng i hi u dn - chiu di lm mt b si song
song di 1500 mm bao gm cng mt s lng si nh b cp phi cung
cp.
Tao thp cung cp vi linh kin--1500 mm gia gn hai u linh kin.
Thanh thp phi cung cp vi cc u c ren v cu1500 mm gia hai
on ren u.
10.5.3 B neo v b ni

Nh thu phi cung cp th nghim tao thp mi c, bao gm vt ni ca
loi la chn vi cc u th v b neo km theo, ch th nghim cng . Cc
mu phi c chiu di rng 1500 mm.,o khong gia hai b iu chnh. Nu kt qu
th nghim chng t cn thit phi kim tra li th nghim, cc mu cung cp thm
khng tnh tin.
Khi i hi phi th nghim ng lc hc. Nh thu phi thc hin cc th
nghim v cung cp nhng bn sao c chng nhn ca cc kt qu th nghim, biu
th ph hp vi cc i hi quy nh, trc khi lp t neo hoc b ni. Chi ph cho mi
th nghim do Nh thu chu.
i vi cc h to ng sut trc qua th nghim trc y v bn chp
thun dng vo cc d n c cng cu hnh tao thp, K s c th khng i hi np
ton b mu th, nu khng c thay i trong vt liu, thit k v chi tit c chp
thun trc y. Cc bn v ch to hoc cc chi tit to ng sut trc phi nu r
d n cp bn chp thun, nu khng vn phi tin hnh vic th nghim.
10.6 BO V CT THP TO NG SUT TRC
Tt c cc ct thp to ng sut trc phi c bo v chng h hng vt l
v g hoc cc kt qu xm thc sut thi gian t ch to n phun va. Ct thp to
ng sut trc cng phi khng c cc vt liu c hi nh du m, sp hoc sn. Ct
thp to ng sut trc b h hng vt l phi b loi b bt k lc no. Pht trin r
hoc hu qu xm thc khc, ngoi cc vt g, u l nguyn nhn loi b.
Cc ct thp to ng sut trc phi c ng gi trong cc thng cha hoc
trong bao b chuyn ch bo v cc tao thp khi cc h hng vy l v xm thc
trong khi chuyn ch v ct gi. Mt cht chng n mn ngn nga g hoc hu qu
xm thc khc phi c t trong bao b, v phi kt hp vi mt vt mang cht
chng n mn, hoc khi c K s chp thun, c th qut thng ln thp. Cht
chng n mn khng c c tc ng c hi i vi thp hoc b tng hoc cng
dnh kt ca thp vi b tng hoc va phun. Bao b hoc khng ng gi b h
hng v bt c l do no phi lp tc b loi b v phc hi v iu kin nguyn thy.
Bao b chuyn ch hoc khun ng gi phi nh du r rng ghi r l thng
hng cha ct thp to ng sut trc cng cao, v loi cht chng n mn s
dng, bao gm c thi gian ng gi.
Mi neo, u iu chnh, b ni v cc tao thp trn, sau ny khng b chn
kn trong b tng hoc va phun trong cng trnh hon thnh, phi c bo v vnh
vin chng xm thc.
10.7 CHT CHNG N MN
Cht chng n mn phi gm mt loi bt c ch pha hi ph hp vi cc
iu khon ca Tiu chun lin bang MIL-P-3420F-87 hoc theo quy nh khc ca
K s. Khi c chp thun, c th dng du ha tan trong nc lm cht chng n
mn trn tao thp.
10.8 NG
10.8.1 Tng qut
ng dng to l hoc khong trng trong b tng t cc ct thp thnh b
ko sau c th to t cc li tho c hoc c th gm cc ng cng hoc na cng
c c vo b tng.

Cc ng lm t cc li tho c phi c to khng tht eo d ngn chn
khng va i qua. Mi vt liu to li phi c loi b.
Cc ng lm t cc v ti ch phi thuc loi khng va xi mng thm
nhp. Chng phi truyn c ng sut dnh bm nh yu cu v phi duy tr c
hnh dng di trng lng ca b tng v phi cng gi c tuyn hnh
chnh xc khng nhn thy lc l trong khi b tng.
10.8.2 ng kim loi
V ng phi l kim loi, tr nh a ra y. Cc ng phi l kim loi st
m km v phi c ch to bng hn mp hoc g kha ni mp. Khng yu cu
m cc mp hn. Cc ng cng phi c vch trong nhn, v c th un theo hnh
dng m khng b nhn hoc bp. Cc ng na cng phi un sng v lun tao thp
thanh cng sau khi b tng, chiu dy ti thiu ca vch ng nh sau : 0,45 mm
vi ng ng knh bng hoc nh hn 67 mm, 0,60 mm vi ng ng knh ln hn
67mm. Khi cc ct thp bng thp thanh c lp t trc vi cc ng , chiu dy
vch ng phi khng nh hn 0,25 mm.
10.8.3 ng cht do
Ti cc v tr c mi trng nc mn hoc tip xc vi cc ha cht lm tan
bng, phi xt ti v khuyn dng ng cht do.
Cc ng cht do vch ln sng chn hon ton trong b tng phi c ch
to bng polyethylen hoc polypropylen. Bn knh ti thiu chp nhn c ca
ng cong phi c nh cung cp ng xc lp theo phng php th tiu chun.
ng phi c chiu dy vch ti thiu l 2,0 mm 0,25 mm, v phi c lp bc bn
ngoi mu trng hoc l loi vt liu mu trng c thm cht chng tia cc tm. ng
polyethylen phi c ch to t loi nha p ng hoc vt cc yu cu ca ASTM
D 3350 vi xp hng t bo 345464A. ng polypropylen phi c ch to t loi
nha p ng hoc vt cc yu cu ca ASTM D 4101 vi dy xp hng t bo t
PP0340B44544 ti PP0340B65884.
Ch gii
Hng t bo bao gm mu en carbon bo v tia nng v tia cc tm .
Cc ng polyethylen cng en nhn dng khi ct thp khng chn trong b
tng phi l nhng ng cng ch to vi nha 100 phn trm polyethylen p ng
cc yu cu ca ASTM D 3350 vi mt xp hng t bo ti thiu l 344464C. Phi
dng mt cht nha c cha cht chng oxy ha vi thi gian cm ng oxy ha theo
ASTM D 3895 l 40 pht. ng phi c ch to vi t s kch thc l 17,0 c
xc lp hoc bi ASTM D 3350 hoc ASTM F 714 ty thch hp vi qu trnh ch to.
10.8.4 Din tch ng
Phi p dng cc iu khon ca iu 5.4.6.2, Kch c ng ca Tiu chun
thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004.
10.8.5 Linh kin ca ng
Cc linh kin ni v chuyn tip ca ng to bng v phi hoc l kim loi st
hoc l polyethylen, v phi kn khng kh v nc v c cng phng xon
vn v x dch ng khi b tng v phun va lp lng ng.
Tt c cc ng v b neo phi c chun b y cc ng hoc u ni
thch hp ti hai u ng phun va sau khi cng to ng sut trc. Nh quy nh
trong iu 10.4.1.2, L thng vo v ra ca ng, ng phi c chun b cc l
thng thot hi hoc phun va ti im cao nht hoc thot nc ti cc im

thp trung gian.
Cc ng thng hi v ng thot nc phi c ng knh ti thiu 20 mm cho
cc tao v ti thiu 12 mm cho cc ct thp n chic. Vic lin kt vi ng phi thc
hin bng cc kt cu ni kim loi hoc cht do. Cc ng thng hi v ng thot
nc phi kn va xi mng, cn c ren, v ch to cc lin kt c gii hoc bc-co-p.
ng thng v ng thot phi b tr phng tin bm va qua ng thng hoc bt
kn khng lt va.
10.9 VA PHUN
Va phun khi cng sau phi p ng cc c tnh vt l v va phun ni trong
iu 10.9.3 ,c tnh ca va phun. Va phun c th l theo thit k ring cho d n
hoc sn phm cung cp ng gi bi mt nh ch to. i vi va theo thit k
ring, xi mng v cht ph gia dng trong cc m th nghim trong phng ca loi
va kin ngh s dng khng c thay i trong qu trnh xy dng nu khng th
nghim li. Tnh cht mi m ca xi mng phi ph hp vi AASHTO M 85 (ASTM C
50), tr nh quy nh ti y. Yu cu phi th nghim hng ngy ca va phun i
vi nhng c tnh sau y:
lng,
Chy nc sau 3 gi, v
thm.
Mt sn phm va phun ng gi c chp thun, cung cp bi mt nh
sn xut va phun, c th dng nh mt la chn thay vic th nghim ti hin
trng. Nhng va phi ng gi trc trong thng ng c v bc cht do, ng
nhn thi gian xut xng, s l hng, v hng dn cch pha trn. Mi thay i v
vt liu hoc ngun vt liu phi i hi th nghim li v chng nhn l va phun
ph hp vi cc yu cu v c tnh vt l. Mt bn sao ca Bn s liu gim nh
cht lng i vi mi l v chuyn hng gi ti cng trng phi cung cp cho Nh
thu chuyn cho K s. Cc vt liu qu 6 thng k t khi sn xut ti lc s
dng u phi th nghim li v c nh sn xut chng nhn mi c mang
dng, hoc phi loi b v thay th
10.9.1 Chp thun
Cc nh sn xut va phun dng khi cng sau phi np trnh nhng bo co
th nghim c chng thc t Phng nghin cu c kim ton v c lp v b tng
xi mng chng t l vt liu p ng tt c cc yu cu nu y.
10.9.2 Pha trn
Vt liu phi c pha trn ph hp vi nhng khuyn co ca Nh sn xut.
Nc dng trong va phun phi l loi ung c, sch, khng c hm lng
c hi ca nhng cht coi nh c tc dng xu i vi xi mng Portland v ct thp
trong trng thi c to ng sut trc.
Ch gii: Xem iu 10.11.4, Pha trn va
10.9.3 c tnh vt l ca va phun
Va phun phi t c c im khng chy nc. Va phun phi khng
cha bt nhm hoc h sinh hi to ra hydro, dioxit cacbon hoc oxy. Va phun xi
mng phi t hoc vt cc c tnh vt l quy nh ni y, c xc nh bi tiu

chun sau y v cc phng php th ASTM sa i.
Va phun c quy nh phi xp loi theo Bng 10.9.3-1 v cc c tnh ca
va c quy nh trong Bng 10.9.3-2.
Ch gii
c im chy nc ca va phun xi mng c dn chng trong nhiu bo
co, cng nh bo co mang tiu Pht trin ca cc va phun hiu qu cao dnh
cho cc kt cu cng sau c dnh bm ca A.J. Schokker, B.D. Koester, J.E. Brean,
v M.E. Kreger.

Bng 10.9.3-1 Cc loi va phun

Cc vt liu thnh phn

Loi

Mi
trng

Xi
mng
kg

Tro bay
(Loi F)
%
a

X l
%
a

Khi
Silic
(kh)
%
a

T s
N/X
[W/(c+m)]

Cht
gim
nc
hng
cao
b

(Loi F
hoc G)
L/100kg

Nitrit
Calci
c

Kg/m
3

Ph gia
khc
d

Th
nhim
yu cu
A Khng
xm thc:
Trong nh
hoc
Bn ngoi
khng
xm thc

100

0

0

0

0,45 max

0

0

--

10.9.3
B Xm thc:
Chu cc
chu k
t/kh,
mui tan
bng

100

0 min

25 max

0 min

55
max

0 min

15 max

0,45 max

0 min

3 max

0 min

30 max

Theo khuyn
co ca
Nh sn xut
10.9.3
C
ng
gi
Xm thc
hoc
khng
xm thc

--

--

--

--

0,45 max

--

--

--
Xem
Ghi
ch
e

D
c
bit

Xc nh bi Ngi thit k

10.9.3

Ghi ch:
a
Phn trm thay th xi mng
b
Ph gia loi D v F c th c Ngi thit k cho php
c
C th la chn dng cc cht chng n mn khc
d
Cc ph gia khc nh ph gia chng chy nc, h tr bm, v tc nhn to bt
e
Khng cn th nghim nu vt liu c ng gi sn v Nh sn xut tin hnh th nghim tnh
hiu qu
PHN 10: TO NG SUT TRC 10 - 20 -

Bng 10.9.3-2 c tnh ca va phun

c im Tr s th nghim Phng php th nghim
Tng s ion chlorit Ti a 0,08% ca vt liu xi mng,
theo trng lng
ASTM C 1152/C 1152M
Ct liu nh (nu c dng) Kch c ti a < sng 300 m ASTM C 33
Bin i th tch ti 28 ngy 0,0% +0,3% ti 24 gi v 28 ngy ASTM C 1090*
n
< 2,0% cho ti 3 gi ASTM C 940
Cng nn ti 28 ngy
(bnh qun 3 khi)
< 34,5 MPa ASTM C942
ng cng ban u ca
va phun
Ti thiu 3 gi
Ti a 12 gi
ASTM C 953
Th nghim lng**
Thi gian lt khi nn chy
(a) ngay sau khi trn
(b) 30 pht sau khi trn
c trn li 30 sec
Ti thiu 11 sec
Ti a 30 sec, hoc
Ti thiu 9 sec, ti a 20 sec.
Ti a 30 sec hoc
Ti a 30 sec

ASTM C 939
ASTM C939***
ASTM C 939
ASTM 939***
Chy nc 3 gi Ti a 0,0% ASTM C 940****
thm ti 28 ngy Ti a 2500 coulomb 39 vott cho 6
gi
AASHTO T 277
(ASTM C 1202)
* Sa i ASTM C 1090 bao gm kim tra c ti 24 gi v 28 ngy
** iu chnh cho tc chy phi thc hin ph hp cht ch vi khuyn co ca Nh sn
xut
*** lng ca va phi p ng th nghim nn chy chun ASTM C 939 hoc th nghim
sa i m t y
Sa i th nghim chun ASTM C 939 bng cch y nn th ti nh thay v ch ti vch
chun. Thi gian lt khi l thi gian y bnh cha mt lt t ngay di nn th.
**** Sa i ASTM C 940 cho ph hp vi tm bc a vo th nghim chy nc m t di
y :
a) t cc thnh phn kh, nc trn, tao thp to ng sut trc v thit b th qua m
21C ti 25C.
b) Rt 800 mL va trn vi noc iu kin trn vo mt ng nghim c khc vch o.
nh du mc nh lp va.
c) Bc tao thp bng mt ng rng 50 mm hoc bng qun in ti mi u trc khi ct
khng lm toe cc si khi ct
Lm tan m (bng aceton hoc dung mi hexan) v chi bng bn chi thp lm sch g
trn b mt tao thp trc khi t vo nhit quy nh. Nht hon ton tao thp 7 si
ng knh 12,7 mm theo chun ASTM A 416/A 416M, sch, qua nhit, di 500 mm vo
ng nghim. t ng tm v buc gi tao thp hon ton song song vi thnh ng ( c
th dng mt thit b gi ng tm). nh du mc nh lp va.
d) Ct gi va trn nhit ni trn trong (a)
e) o mc chy nc mi 15 pht trong gi u v mi gi sau 2 gi.
f) Tnh lng nc b tch ra , nu c, ti cui chu k 3 gi v n xy ra theo th tc ni

trong ASTM C 940, vi lng nc b tch ra tnh theo phn trm ca th tch va ban u.
Ch l nc b tch ra nm trn hoc di nh lp va.

10.10 CNG CT THP
10.10.1 Cc yu cu chung v vic cng ct thp
Ct thp to ng sut trc phi c cng bng kch thy lc to ra cc
lc cho trong h s hp ng hoc trn cc bn v thi cng c chp thun c xt
n tt c cc tn tht thch hp. Cc tn tht d phng, c quy nh trong iu
5.9.5, Tn tht ng sut trc ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004.
Vi cng trnh cng sau, tn tht cng phi bao gm tn tht khi ng neo thch hp
vi h neo s dng.
Ch gii
Cc thay i kin ngh l kt qu ca nhng thay i lm r cc iu khon
trong iu 5.9.3, Gii hn ng sut i vi cc ct thp to ng sut trc ca Tiu
chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004 .
I vi cc cu kin cng trc, ng sut trong tao thp trc khi ko (ng
sut do h thng kch) v ng sut trong ct thp ngay sau khi kch khng c vt
qu 80 phn trm ca cng ko cc hn ti thiu ca ct thp ng sut trc
(0,80f
s
). ng sut cho php , hi vt qu cc tr s cho php trong iu 5.9.3 ca
Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, c th chp nhn c b p cho tn
tht do h thng kch v b tr cho chnh lch nhit quy nh trong iu
10.10.2, Yu cu i vi to ng sut trc .
Ch gii
i vi cc cu kin cng trc, on vit th hai hin hu ca iu ny
c m rng bao gm vic cho php gia tng ng sut trong tao thp trc khi
kch. Gii hn ny c a vo y sau khi b b trong iu 5.9.3 ca Tiu chun
thit k cu AASHTO LRFD. Cch din t khng c vt qu 80 phn trm ca
cng ko cc hn ti thiu ca ct thp ng sut trc c ly trc tip t iu
10.10.2 ca Tiu chun xy dng cu AASHTO LRFD. Mt dn xut c thm vo
lin quan n vic b tr cho chnh lch nhit c quy nh trong iu 10.10.2
ca Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO LRFD.
i vi cc cu kin cng sau, ng sut chun trc khi ko kch (ng sut do
h thng kch) v ng sut trong ct thp ngay sau khi kch khng c vt cc tr
s cho php trong iu 5.9.3 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Ch gii
i vi cc cu kin cng sau, on vit th hai hin hu ca iu ny c
sa nht qun vi cch din t sa i trong iu 5.9.3 ca Tiu chun thit
k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Cng thp c th thc hin bng cc phng php cng trc, cng sau hoc
phng php kt hp nh quy nh trong h s hp ng, hoc trn bn v thi cng
c chp thun, hoc c K s chp thun bng vn bn.
Trong khi to ng sut cho ct thp, s t si thp c bit c th c K s
chp nhn, min l t khng qu mt si cho mt tao v din tch ca cc si b t
khng qu 2 phn trm ca tng din tch ct thp to ng sut trc trong cu kin.
Ch gii

Cc phng php cng c th nh ngha nh sau :
Cng trcTao thp hoc cc ct thp to ng sut trc c to ng
sut trc khi c b tng cu kin. Sau khi b tng t cng
yu cu, lc cng c d b khi h neo bn ngoi v qua dnh bm
truyn vo bn trong b tng.
Cng sauCc ct thp c lp t trong cc l trng hoc cc ng t
trong b tng v c to ng sut v neo vo b tng sau khi b tng
t cng yu cu. Thao tc cui cng ca phng php ny l phun
p va c p sut vo cc l trng hay cc ng.
Phng php kt hpMt phn ct thp c cng trc v mt phn
c cng sau. Vi phng php ny tt c cc yu cu i vi cng
trc v i vi cng sau phi c p dng i vi b phn dng phng
php tng ng.
10.10.1.1 Cng b tng
Ch c tc ng hoc truyn cc lc to ng sut trc cho b tng sau khi
b tng t cng quy nh cho vic to ng sut ban u. Ngoi ra, b tng
c ti ch cho cc cu khng phi l thi cng theo phn an, ch c cng sau t
nht sau 10 ngy k t khi xong t b tng cui cng cho b phn s c
cng sau.
10.10.1.2 Thit b to ng sut trc
Cc kch thy lc dng to ng sut cho ct thp phi c kh nng to v
duy tr cc Ic cn thit v phi c trang b mt ng h o p lc hoc mt hp o
lc xc nh ng sut kch. H thng kch phi b tr mt phng tin c lp o
c gin di ca ct thp. ng h o p lc phi c mt a c chnh xc c
ng knh ti thiu 150 mm hoc mt mn hnh hin s. Mi chic kch cng vi
chic ng h o phi c hiu chnh nh mt n v c dui ca xylanh nm v
tr thch hp chnh l v tr lc c lc kch cui cng, v phi km theo mt th hoc
ng cong hiu chnh c xc nhn. Hp o lc phi hiu chnh v c b tr
mt dng c biu th nh xc nh c lc to ng sut trong ct thp. Loi hp
o lc phi sao khng dng ti 10 phn trm cui cng ca kh nng theo nh gi
ca nh sn xut xc nh ng sut kch. Khi c K s chp thun, c th dng
cc vng o lc qua hiu chnh thay th cho hp o ti trng.
Vic kim nh hiu chnh li cc dng c o phi tin hnh hng nm v mi
khi p lc o v gin di biu th cc ng sut c bn khc nhau.
Ch c dng ngn la oxi hoc cc dng c ct c kh ct tao thp sau khi
lp t trong cu kin hoc sau khi to ng sut trc. Khng c dng cc my
hn in h quang.
10.10.1.3 Trnh t to ng sut trc
Khi khng c quy nh khc v trnh t to ng sut trc cho cc ct thp
ring r trong h s hp ng hoc trn cc bn v thi cng c chp thun, vic to
ng sut trc cho cc ct thp cng sau v vic th lng cc ct thp c cng
phi lm theo mt trnh t to ra lc lch tm t nht trong cu kin.
10.10.1.4 o ng sut
Nh thu phi np cho K s xem xt chp thun mt bn ghi chp cc p
lc o c v cc gin di ca mi ct thp. gin di phi o chnh xc ti 1,5

mm. Cc on ui to ng sut trc ca ct thp cng sau ch c ct sau khi cc
bn ghi chp to ng sut trc c chp thun.
ng sut ct thp trong khi cng phi c xc nh bng cc s c ca
ng h hoc hp o lc v phi c kim

tra vi gin di o c. Tnh ton
gin di d bo phi s dng muyn n hi, da trn din tch danh nh nh sn
xut cung cp i vi l ct thp c cng, hoc xc nh bng mt th nghim
chun cc ct thp dng trong cng trnh.
Tt c cc ct thp phi c cng ti mt lc ban u cn thit loi tr mi
vng mc trong h thng cng trc khi bt u c s o lng gin di. Lc ban
u ny phi t 5 n 25 phn trm lc kch cui cng. Lc ban u phi o bng mt
lc k hoc bng mt phng php c chp thun khc, sao c th dng lng
ny kim tra gin di tnh c v o c. Mi tao thp phi nh du trc khi
to ng sut cui cng c th o gin di v m bo l tt c cc chm neo
c ng ng n.
C th lng trc c s chnh lch ca ng sut qua o p lc trn ng h
ca kch v qua o lng gin di. Trong trng hp ny, lc s dng da vo biu
th trn ng h p lc s to ra mt ng sut hi cao hn ch khng phi hi thp
hn. Khi xy ra chnh lch gia p lc o c v lng gin di qu 5 phn trm
trong thanh cng di trn 15 m v qu 7 phn trm trong thanh cng di t 15 m tr
xung, phi kim tra cn thn ton b thao tc v phi xc nh v sa cha ngun
gc sai st trc khi tin hnh tip. Khi c b tr cc ng tm tng thm lc d
phng trng hp thy r thiu ht lc trong cc ct thp di hn 15m, s chnh lch
gia lc biu th qua p lc trn ng h v qua lng gin di c th tng ln ti 7
phn trm trc khi kho st ngun gc sai st .
10.10.2 Cc yu cu i vi cng trc
To ng sut c thc hin hoc bng cch to ng sut cho tng tao hoc
to ng sut cho nhiu tao. Lng ng sut to cho mi tao phi c ch r trong h
s hp ng hoc trn cic bn v thi cng c chp thun.
Tt c cc tao s c to ng sut trc trong mt nhm (to ng sut nhiu
tao) phi c a ti mt lc ko ng u ban u trc khi c cng mc.
Lc cng ban u phi trong phm vi quy nh trong iu 10.10.1.4, o ng
sut v phi I lc cng ti thiu yu cu loi tr tt c cc chng v cn
bng cc ng sut trong ct thp theo nh K s xc nh. Lc ny chu nh hng
ca chiu di ca b c b tng v c cng s lng ct thp trong nhm c
cng.
Cc ct thp un cong s c cng mt phn bng kch ti u b v mt
phn bng cch nng hoc h ct thp, hoc chng c th c cng ton b bng
kch, vi cc ct thp c ghm ti cc v tr un cong bng cc con ln, cht hoc
cc phng php c chp thun khc trong khi thao tc kch.
Phi dng cc dng c ma st thp c chp thun ti tt c cc im thay
i dc trn tuyn cp khi cng cc tao thp b un, bt k dng phng php
cng no.
i vi mt ct thp b un, nu ti trng xc nh bng cc s o gin di
nh hn qu 5 phn trm so vi biu th trn ng h o ca kch, ct thp phi c
cng t hai u b, v ti trng tnh t tng gin di c hai u phi nm trong
phm vi 5 phn trm so vi ch s trn ng h o ca kch.
Khi c Inh ca K s, cc tao thp to ng sut trc trong cu kin cng

trc, nu cng ring l, phi c Nh thu kim tra i vi tn tht ng sut trc
khng qu 3 gi trc lc b tng cho cu kin. Phng php v thit b kim tra
tn tht ng sut trc phi c K s chp thun. Tt c cc tao c mt tn tht
ng sut trc qu 3 phn trm phi c cng li ti ng sut kch tnh ton ban
u.
ng sut trn tt c cc tao phi c duy tr gia cc neo cho ti khi b tng
t c cng nn yu cu thi im truyn ng sut cho b tng.
Khi thp to ng sut trc trong cu kin cng trc c cng nhit
thp hn qu 14C so v i nhit c tnh ca b tng v thp to ng sut thi
im b tng bt u ng cng, gin di tnh ton ca ct thp ng sut trc
phi tng ln b li i vi tn tht ng sut do s thay i nhit , nhng khng
khi no ng sut kch c vt qu 80 phn trm cng ko cc hn ti thiu
quy nh ca ct thp to ng sut trc.
Cc phng php v thit b ni tao thp phi c K s t vn chp thun.
Khi dng cch kch ring l tng tao, ch cho php mi tao c mt mi ni. Khi dng
cch kch nhiu tao, hoc ni tt c cc tao, hoc ni khng qu 10 phn trm s tao.
Cc tao ni phi tng t v tnh cht vt l, cng t mt ngun, v phi cng mt
cch "bn" hoc "sp t". Tt c cc mi ni phi nm bn ngoi cc n nguyn to
ng sut trc.
Cc vn khun bn v cnh kim ch vng phi tho d trc khi th lng
ct thp cng trc.
Tr khi c ghi khc trong h s hp ng, tt c cc tao cng trc phi ct st
u cu kin, v cc u l ra ca tao v mt di 25 mm ca b tng tip gip phi
c lm sch v sn. Phi lm sch bng bn chi si thp hoc bng phun ct mi
mn loi b tt c bi bn v cht cn b khng dnh chc vo kim loi hoc b
mt b tng. Cc b mt phi ph mt lp dy sn giu km ph hp vi cc yu cu
ca Tiu chun qun i Hoa k MIL-P-24441/20. Sn phi trn thu ti thi im
qut sn, v phi qut su vo mi khong trng trong cc tao.
10.10.3 Cc yu cu i vi cng sau
Trc khi cng sau mt cu kin no, Nh thu phi chng minh K s tho
mn rng ct thp to ng sut trc l khng b kt v khng dnh kt vo ng.
Tt c cc tao trong mi ct thp, tr i vi ct thp trong ng dp khng qu
4 tao, phi c to ng sut ng thi bng mt kch nhiu tao.
Vic cng phi thc hin sao to ra c lc v gin di quy nh trong
iu 10.5.1, "Cng trc cc tao thp" .
Tr khi c ni y hoc khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc trn cc
bn v thi cng c chp thun, cc ct thp trong cc cu kin lin tc cng sau
phi c cng bng kich tai c hai u ct thp. Vi cc ct thp thng v khi vic
to ng sut ti mt u nh ghi trong h s hp ng, Nh thu c th la chn kch
t mt u hoc t c hai u ct thp.
10.10.4 Ghi chp thao tc to ng sut trc
Vi mi ct thp lp t, phi lu tr mt bn ghi chp cc thao tc cng-sau
sau y :
Tn, s hiu ca d n,

Nh thu v/hoc Nh thu ph,
V tr ct thp, kch c v kiu loi,
Ngy thng ct thp c lp t ln u trong ng,
S hiu cun/ng cun i vi tao thp hoc si thp v s hiu nung
nng i vi thanh thp v dy thp,
Din tch tit din gi thit v thc t,
Muyn n hi gi thit v thc t,
Thi gian tao c to ng sut,
S hiu ca kch v s hiu ng h o ti mi u ct thp,
Lc kch yu cu,
p lc ng h,
gin di (d kin v thc t),
X dch neo (d kin v thc t),
Th t to ng sut (ngha l cc tao trc v sau tao ny),
Phng thc to ng sut (mt u hay ng thi hai u),
Nhn chng ca thao tc ny (Nh thu v Thanh tra vin),
Ngy thng c phun va, s ngy k t khi to ng sut n khi phun
va),
Ghi chp mi thng tin lin quan khc, gm ngy thng li v qut mt
tt bitum.
K s phi c cung cp mt bn sao y tt c cc thao tc to ng sut,
v cc th tc hiu chnh kch.
10.10.5 Bo v ct thp
Trong vng 4 gi sau khi to ng sut v trc khi phun va, cc ct thp phi
c bo v chng g v cc tc ng c hi ca cc vt vng vi bng cch nt
hoc bt kn tt c cc ca m v ng thng, lm sch g v cc vt d tha khc khi
cc b mt, c y bng np va bao gm mt np bt trn cc bn nm, cho n
khi phun va cho cc ct thp.
10.11 PHUN VA
10.11.1 Tng qut
Khi s dng phng php cng sau, ct thp to ng sut trc phi c bo
v vnh vin v phi lin kt vi b tng bng cch nhi hon ton khong trng gia

ng v ct thp bng va. Va phi c phun t nhng im thp bm ngc ln
cc ng thng ti cc im cao, Vi vic xy dng phn on tng nhp cu, va phi
c phun vo l phun ti gia nhp.
Mi thao tc phun va phi c tin hnh bi nhng gim st vin v c
cng c kinh nghim qua hun luyn hng dn v c 3 nm kinh nghim cng tc
trong cc d n trc lin quan n phun va cho cc cng trnh cng loi v c quy
m tng t.
Trc khi tin hnh cc thao tc phun va theo lch trnh nh, phi np mt
k hoch thao tc phun va ti thiu trc 45 ngy xt chp nhn. phi yu cu K
s ra vn bn chp thun trc khi tin hnh bt c t phun va cho cc ct thp
vnh cu no .
Ti thiu phi c cc hng mc sau trong k hoch thao tc phun va :
Cung cp cc tn, lp o to v kinh nghim ca i ng phun va v
gim st vin ca i ph hp vi tiu chun ny.
Kiu loi, s lng, v nhn hiu vt liu dng trong phun va bao gm c
cc chng ch yu cu.
10.11.2 Chun b ng
Mi chic ng phi qua th nghim hi p trc khi lun t ct thp to ng
sut trc vo ng. Nu trong qu trnh th pht hin c lt hi, ng phi c sa
cha loi b cc im r r hoc gim thiu hu qu ca vic r r.
Ch gii
Mc ch ca vic th nghim l tm ra c v tr ca mi im r r.
Tt c cc ng phi sch v khng c vt liu c hi c th gim st dnh
bm hoc nh hng ti th tc phun va.
Cc ng c vch l b tng (ng ly li) phi c di nc m bo l
b tng hon ton t. Cc ng kim loi khi cn cng phi di nc loi b mi vt
liu c hi.
Nc di vo ng c th bao hm vi ti (hydroxit calci) hoc vi sng
(oxit calci) vi hm lng l 12gam/lt.
Sau khi di nc, mi lng nc phi c thi ra khi ng bng hi p.
10.11.3 Thit b
Thit b phun va cho vt liu va loi B phi bao gm mt b trn ct tc
cao c kh nng trn lin tc to ra mt cht va khng c cc v xi mng cn vn
cc, mt my bm va, v mt thit b phun nc d phng c ni vi ngun nc.
Thit b
.
i c th bm va trn theo cch tun th mi yu cu ra.
Phi b tr thit b ph tr dnh cho vic o lng chnh xc

cc cht lng v
cht rn nh lng cc vt liu cho cc m trn.
Bm phi l kiu c pittng, v c kh nng to mt p sut u ra t nht bng
1,0 MPa. Brn phi c cc vng bt thch hp ngn cn du, khng kh, hoc cht
l khc lt vo trong va, v ngn nga tn tht va hoc nc.
Phi t mt ng h p lc c thang c s khng ln hn 2,0 MPa ti mt
im trung gian gia u ca bm v u vo ca ng.
Thit b phun va phi c mt sng c cc l sng c ti a bng 3,35 mm
sng va trc khi a vo trong bm. Nu s dng mt loi va c cht ph gia c
tnh xc bin, l sng 4,75 mm l tho mn. Sng phi c th

d dng ti gn gim

st v lm sch.
Thit b phun va l kiu np liu ri t do vo u bm qua mt phu, ni trc
tip pha trn bm. Chic phu phi gi lun c ti thiu mt phn va sut trong qu
trnh thao tc bm ngn nga khng kh ko theo vo trong ng thp cng sau.
Trong cc iu kin bnh thng, thit b phun va phi c kh nng phun va
lin tc cho ct thp In nht ca n trong vng khng qu 20 pht.
10.11.4 Trn va
Nc phi a vo my trn trc, tip theo l va xi mng.
Va phi c trn ph hp vi cc ch dn ca Nh sn xut bng cch dng
mt my trn cht keo t c mt hn hp thun nht. Phi thc hin mt th
nghim tnh lu ng ca va trn trc khi bt u qu trnh phun va. Tc chy
mc tiu nh mt hm s ca kiu loi my trn v nhit mi trng phi ly t
Nh sn xut. Khng c bt u qu trnh phun va cho n khi t c cc c
tnh thch hp ca va.
Vic trn phi ko di cho n khi t c mt cht va ng u, trn thu,
khng tng nhit qu mc hoc lm mt cc tnh cht n ca cc ph gia. Va pi
c khuy ng lin tuc cho n lc bm.
Khng c thm nc tng tnh lu ng ca va b st gim do tr
hon s dng.
C th p dng cc phng php khc xc nh tnh lu ng, th d nh
Phng php CRD C79 ca Hi K s qun i Hoa k.
10.11.5 Phun va
Phi m tt c cc l thng trc khi bt u phun va. Phi b tr l thng
phun vo v y ra c kha ngt ch ng. Phi cho va chy t ng phun u
cho n khi tt c nc cn d hoc khng kh lt vo trong ng thot ra ht trc khi
ng l thng ny. Phi duy tr mt dng va chy lin tc vi tc gia 10 m v 15
m ng mt pht.
Ch gii
gim thiu kh nng a nc, c bit trong cc ng thng ng, c th
phun vo ng mt t va th hai 2 hoc3 pht sau khi hon thnh t phun u.
p lc phun vo l phun vo khng c qu 1,0 Mpa. Thao tc bnh thng
phi c bt u vi khong 0,5 MPa . Nu p lc thc vt qu tr s ti a cho
php, phi ng l phun vo v va phi phun vo l tip theo hoc chun b ng,
sut khi cn duy tr dng va chy mt chiu. Khng c phun va vo cc l tip
theo khi m va cn cha chy ti.
Va phi c phun sut ng v lin tc chy tha ra l thot cho n khi
thy r khng cn nc tha hoc khng kh ph ra. Phi thc hin mt th nghim
tnh lu ng cho mi thanh cng ph hp vi iu 10.9.3, "c tnh vt l ca va
phun ", o tnh lu ng ca va t mt l thot. Thi gian va tun ra o c khng
c nhanh hn thi gian tun ra u vo hoc thi gian tun ra ti thiu xc lp
trong iu 10.9.3. Nu thi gian va tun khng chp nhn c, phi tho thm va
l thot. Phi th nghim thi gian va tun. Chu k ny phi tip tc cho n khi
t c tnh lu ng chp nhn c ca va. m bo l ct thp gi c
y va, cc l phun vo v thot ra phi ng theo th t tng ng di p lc khi
ng hon ton nhi y va. Kha ng ch ng ti l phun v l thot khng c
tho i hoc m l thng cho n khi va ho cng.

10.11.6 Cc vn cn xem xt v nhit
Khi nhit di 0C, cc ng phi gi khng c nc trnh lm h hng
do ng bng. Nhit ca b tng phi bng 2C ho c cao hn t lc phun va cho
ti khi mt khi va 50 mm
3
bo dng ti hin trng t ti cng nn ti thiu
bng 5,5 MPa. Va khng c trn 32C trong khi tr n hoc bm. Nu cn thit,
nc trn phi c lm mt.
10.11.7 Phun va theo chiu thng ng
Thay v c mt kha ng ch ng, ng cha ct thp thng ng hoc gn
thng ng phun va theo chiu thng ng kt thc bng mt thng cha ti
im trn cng Thng cha phi c dung tch lu tr lng nc a qu mc
ca va. Mc va nhn thy ca va gi nm trong cc thng cha. Cc thng cha
phi c duy tr cho n khi va ho cng.
Va c phun vi tc 5000 mm ng mt pht.
10.11.8 Kim tra sau khi phun
Phi dng phun va trong chn khng trt kn mi l rng lm l r cc tao
thp trong qu trnh phun va.
Nu c th, tt c cc neo v l thng cc im cao phi c khoan v th
48 gi sau khi phun, cho n khi K s tin chc l khng cn nc a hoc l rng do
va ln. Sau khi K s chc chn khng cn l rng, mi nhp ch cn khoan mt hoc
hai ch neo v th yn tm v cht lng ca cng vic phun. Mi l hng pht
hin c s phi lp tc nht y bng th va c chp thun.
10.11.9 Hon thin
Phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
Cc van, np y, ng l thng khng c tho b hoc m cho n khi
va ho cng.
Cc u l thng phi ct b ti ti thiu 25 mm di b mt b tng sau
khi va ho cng.
Cc l hng phi trt kn bng va epoxi. Mi vt liu linh tinh dng bt
np va phi c loi b trc khi tin hnh cc cng vic tip theo
nhm bo v u neo.
Ch gii
Cc vt liu linh tinh bao gm giy, si thp buc, bng qun ng, v.v..
10.11.10 Bo v u neo
Cn quy nh s dng np vnh vin ca ng va lm bngthp khng g hoc
bng cht do gia c si.
p ng cc yu cu sau:
Trong vng 7 ngy sau khi hon thnh phun va, neo v cc ct thp cng
sau phi c bo v nh ch r trong h s hp ng. Vic p lp v
bc cht do c th lui li ti 90 ngy sau khi phun va. cc np ng c
ren bng cht do hoc thp khng g phi dng y tt c cc ng va
vo v ra. Mt cht va epoxi trn ct thch hp lm mt bn c cu
ch to tt c cc ch li ti neo khe co gin hoc cc khu vc l

ra ca cu kin.
Tt c cc sa xi mng, m, hp cht bo dng, x l b mt, v bc v
du u phi loi b bng thi ct ht to hoc phun nc vi p lc vi
phun ti thiu bng 70,0 MPa. B mt phi c di nc v x kh. Cc
b mt phi sch, hon chnh, v khng cn mt cht nc ng. Trng
hp c tranh chp, phi ly Tiu chun ACI 503 lm cn c th nghim
lp nn, v phi trin khai mt lc ko ti thiu l 1,2 MPa ( tr s ko ra).
Phi trn v qut epoxi theo hng dn k thut hin hnh chun ca Nh
sn xut. Tt c cc ch li phi trong khun khng c ch r r
to thnh cc ng sch gn. c php bm va epoxi lp t
ng n. Phi lm khun duy tr mt chiu cao cht lng m bo tip
xc cht ch vi b mt b tng. Ch cn, phi lm cc l thng thot kh
m bo y hon ton khun.
Cc b mt l ra ngoi ca ch li hoc np ng va, tr i vi cc
ct thp cng ngang, phi c bc trong mt h v bc cht do c chiu
dy t 760 n 1140 m. B tng, np ng va hoc cc lp nn khc
phi c kt cu hon chnh, sch v kh. B tng phi c ti thiu 28 ngy
tui. Cc cht sa xi mng, m, hp cht bo dng, lp v v du phi
b loi b bng thi ct ht to hoc phun nc vi p lc vi phun ti thiu
l 70,0 MPa xc lp mu hnh neo. Cc b mt phi c thi kh nn
loi b bi bn hoc nc.
Phi ch to mt khi th nghim b tng kch thc 600 x 1200 mm c
kt cu b mt tng t vi cc b mt cn bc v mt mt thng ng
phi c bc vi mt h v bc cht do chn. Phi xc nh s
lng lp bc cn thit t c mt chiu dy v bc gia 760 v
1140 mm m bo dnh bm. Lp v cht do phi c trn v pht
theo ng cc tiu chun k thut hin hnh ca Nh sn xut. c php
qut t bng vi phun hay ng ln, dng cch phun c a chung
hn. Vic bc v phi c tin hnh bi nhn vin ti thiu c 3 nm
kinh nghim trong vic qut t h thng polyurethane tng t. Thnh
tch hnh ngh ca nhng ngi phi trnh np cho K s xem xt
chp thun.
10.11.11 Lu thng trong khi xy dng v cc thao tc to nn chn ng
Trong mt khong thi gian quy nh sau khi bt u cng vic phun va cho
mt ct thp ng sut trc, phi loi tr mi chn ng pht sinh t mi ngun nh
xe c i li, ba khoan, my nn kh, my pht in,v.v.. ang hot ng trong vng
nh hng ti kt cu nhp, v phi cm mi cng vic ng cc v m ln t trong
phm vi 91 m quanh kt cu nhp b nh hng. Khong thi gian quy nh s l 4 gi
i vi loi va xc nh c tnh nng chng tch nc, v 24 gi cho loi va n
gin, Kt cu nhp b nh hng ly l phn ca ton b kt cu nhp, nm trong phm
vi 91 m pha trc v pha sau hai u nhp ang tin hnh phun va.
Ch gii
Cc nghin cu gn ay (2003) chng minh l cc chn ng (5 Hz) ca ct
thp sau do xe c i li gy ra 4 gi sau khi phun loi va c xc nh c tnh
cht chng tch nc khng c cc tc ng c hi cho vic gy tch nc v khng
c tc ng ng k ti dnh kt gia va v ct thp cng sau theo s ho cng ca
va. Do vy khng cn hn ch lu thng khi phun va cho ct thp cng sau
c qa 4 gi bng va xc nh l khng tch nc trn cu cng sau thuc bt c

loi no. Nghin cu cng ch ra rng cc chn ng ca ct thp cng sau do xe c
qua li (5 Hz) km theo vic phun va vi loi va n gin (nc-xi mng) tng tch
nc ng k, v vic hn ch xe c i li trong vng 24 gi l cn thit khi dng va
n gin.
10.7.1 o c
Vic to ng sut trc cho b tng c ti ch c o theo tng s tnh gp
cho mi hng mc hoc v tr lit k trong h s hp ng.
10.7.2 Thanh ton
Khng thanh ton ring l cho vic to ng sut trc cc cu kin b tng c
sn. Vic thanh ton cho cc cu kin b tng c sn c xem nh tnh trong
gi hp ng tr cho cc cu kin c sn nh quy nh trong Phn 8, "Kt cu b
tng".
Gi hp ng tng s tnh gp tr cho vic to ng sut trc b tng c ti
ch phi bao gm n b y cho cng vic cung cp ton b nhn cng, vt liu,
dng c, thit b v cc ph ph, v cho vic lm mi cng vic lin quan n cung cp,
t v cng ct thp to ng sut trc trong cc kt cu b tng c ti ch, hon
thnh ti ch nh quy nh trong h s hp ng, v trong bn tiu chun ny, v theo
hng dn ca K s.
Vic n b y cho vic cung cp v t thm b tng v cc thanh ct
thp c g cn cho h thng c bit c s dng, cc ng, thit b neo, cc tm
phn b lc hoc cc b lp rp, v cc phn ph ph, cho vic cung cp cc mu th
nghim, cc bn v thi cng v cho cc ng phun va p lc phi c xem nh
bao gm trong tng gi hp ng tnh gp tr cho cng vic to ng sut trc cho
b tng c ti ch hoc trong gi hp ng cho vic cung cp cc cu kin c sn,
v v vy khng c khon n b thm no cho cc vic ny.

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 1987. Guide Specifications for Design and Construction of Segmental
Concrete Bridges, 1
st
Edition, GSCB-1, American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. 1999. Guide Specifications for Design and Construction of Segmental
Concrete Bridges, 2
nd
Edition, GSCB-2, American Association of State Highway and
rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3
Washington, DC.
th
DeSalvo jessica, and Andrea Schokker. Guide Specification for Grouting of Post-
Tensioned Structures, PTI Committee on Grouting Specifications, Influence of
Bibration during Setting of Post-Tensioned Grout: Effects of Bleed and Bond.
DOD.U.S. Military Specification MIL-P-24441/20 for zinc-rich paint, U.S. Department of
Defense, Washington, DC. See http://assist.daps. Dla.mil/quicksearch/.
FIB. 2000. Corrugated Plastic Ducts for Internal Bonded Post-Tensioning, Bulletin
No.7, Task Group 9.6 Plastic Ducts of FIB Commission 9, Federale Internationale du
Beton (International Federation of Structural Concrete), Lausanne, Switzerland.
FL DOT. 2002. New Direction for Florida Post-Tensioned Bridges, Florida Department
of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL, June 2002.
FL DOT. 2003. New Direction for Florida Post-Tensioned Bridges: Final Phase of
Implementation, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL, July 2003.
Hsuan, Grace Y. Protocol for 100 Years Service Life of Corrugated High Density
polyethylene Pipes, Part II Stress Crack Resistance, Oxidation Resistance and
Viscoelastic Propertiesof Finished Corrugated Pipes.
PTI. 1998. Acceptable Standards for Post-Tensioning Systems, Post-Tensioning
Institute, Phoenix, AZ.
PTI. 2001. Guide Specification for Grouting of Post-Tension Structures, Post-
Tensioning Institute, Phoenix, AZ.
Schokker, A.J., et al. 1999. Development of High Performance Grouts for Bonded
Post-Tensioned Structures, Research Report 1405-2, University of Taxas, Center for
Transportation Research, Austin, TX.
USACE.U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Method CRD C79 for grout fluidity, USACE
Publication Dept, Hyattsville, MD.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 1 -

PHN 11: KT CU THP
MC LC

11.1 TNG QUT.
11.1.1 M t
11.1.2 Thng bo bt u cng vic..
11.1.3 Gim st.
11.1.4 Quyn hn ca Gim st vin.
11.2 BN V THI CNG
11.2.1 Bn v phn xng..
11.2.2 Bn v lp dng
11.2.3 S vng...
11.3 VT LIU..
11.3.1 Thp kt cu..
11.3.1.1 Tng qut
11.3.1.2 Thp Carbon..
11.3.1.3 Thp kt cu hp kim thp cng cao
11.3.1.4 Thp tm kt cu ram v ti, hp kim thp cng
cao..
11.3.1.5 Thp tm hp kim ram v ti, cng chy cao..
11.3.1.6 Cc thanh c tai treo.
11.3.1.7 ng thp kt cu
11.3.2 Cc lin kt cng cao..
11.3.2.1 Vt liu.
11.3.2.2 Cc du hiu nhn dng..
11.3.2.3 Kch thc..
11.3.2.4 Cc lin kt cng cao c m chng g...
11.3.2.5 Cc lin kt khc
11.3.2.6 Cc dng c o lc...
11.3.3 inh neo hn chng ct...
11.3.3.1 Vt liu.
11.3.3.2 Phng php th nghim
11.3.3.3 Hon thin..
11.3.3.4 Chng nhn
11.3.3.5 Mu kim tra..
11-7
11-7
11-7
11-7
11-8
11-8
11-8
11-9
11-9
11-9
11-9
11-9
11-9
11-9

11-9
11-10
11-10
11-10
11-10
11-10
11-11
11-12
11-12
11-12
11-13
11-13
11-13
11-13
11-13
11-14
11-14
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 2 -

11.3.4 Cc vt rn bng thp v cc trc thp.
11.3.4.1 Cc vt rn bng thp..
11.3.4.2 Trc thp carbon hon thin ngui.
11.3.5 Vt c bng thp.
11.3.5.1 Cc vt c bng thp mm
11.3.5.2 Vt c bng thp hp kim crm
11.3.6 Vt c bng st...
11.3.6.1 Vt liu.
11.3.6.2 Cht lng c v hon thin.
11.3.6.3 Lm sch.
11.3.7 M km..
11.4 CH TO..
11.4.1 Nhn dng thp trong khi ch to..
11.4.2 Ct gi vt liu..
11.4.3 Thp tm
11.4.3.1 Phng cn thp..
11.4.3.2 Mp ct ca tm thp
11.4.3.2.1 Ly dng mp ct..
11.4.3.2.2 ct oxy.
11.4.3.2.3 Kim tra bng mt v sa cha cc mp ct ca tm thp
11.4.3.3 Cc tm thp un cong.
11.4.3.3.1 Tng qut.
11.4.3.3.2 Un ngui
11.4.3.3.3 Un nng.
11.4.4 Lp cc sn tng cng............
11.4.5 Cc mi ni i u.
11.4.6 Gia cng cc b mt p ta
11.4.7 Nn thng vt liu.
11.4.8 L bu lng..
11.4.8.1 L cho bu lng cng cao v bu lng khng gia cng
tinh...
11.4.8.1.1 Tng qut
11.4.8.1.2 Cc l t.
11.4.8.1.3 Cc l doa hoc khoan.
11.4.8.1.4 chnh xc ca cc l
11.4.8.2 chnh xc ca nhm l
11-14
11-14
11-14
11-14
11-14
11-14
11-14
11-14
11-15
11-15
11-15
11-15
11-15
11-16
11-16
11-16
11-16
11-16
11-16
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11-17
11-18
11-18
11-18
11-19
11-19
11-19

11-19
11-20
11-20
11-20
11-20
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 3 -

11.4.8.2.1 chnh xc trc khi doa..
11.4.8.2.2 chnh xc sau khi doa.
11.4.8.3 Cc b lin kt ti hin trng khoan theo chng trnh s
11.4.8.4 Cc l dng cho cc bu lng c g, cc bu lng tin hoc
cc bu lng loi chu lc nn t c chp thun khc.........
11.4.8.5 Chun b cc b lin kt ti hin trng................................
11.4.9 Cht v trc quay..
11.4.9.1 Tng qut
11.4.9.2 Khoan cc l cht..
11.4.9.3 Ren cho bu lng v cht..
11.4.10 Cc thanh tai treo
11.4.11 Ram v kh ng sut
11.4.12 Cc dm cong.
11.4.12.1 Tng qut..
11.4.12.2 Dm un cong bng nhit v dm t hp bng hn..
11.4.12.2.1 Vt liu...
11.4.12.2.2 Loi nung bng nhit...
11.4.12.2.3 Nhit .
11.4.12.2.4 V tr nung.
11.4.12.2.5 Trnh t cc thao tc
11.4.12.2.6 vng.
11.4.12.2.7 o cong v vng..
11.4.13 Kt cu phn trn kiu mt cu trc hng..
11.4.13.1 Tng qut.
11.4.13.2 phng ca khoang
11.4.13.3 thng ca cc sn tng cng dc chu ng sut nn
tnh ton, k c cc sn ca mt cu trc hng.
11.4.13.4 thng ca cc sn tng cng ngang bng dm hoc
cc sn khc khng chu ng sut nn tnh ton
11.4.14 Th nghim theo kch thc thc..
11.4.15 nh du v chuyn ch..
11.5 LP RP
11.5.1 Bt bu lng.
11.5.2 Cc lin kt hn.
11.5.3 Lp rp trc cc lin kt hin trng..
11.5.3.1 Tng qut
11-20
11-20
11-21
11-21

11-21
11-21
11-21
11-22
11-22
11-22
11-22
11-23
11-23
11-23
11-23
11-23
11-24
11-24
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11-25
11-25
11-25
11-25
11-25
11-26

11-26

11-26
11-26
11-27
11-27
11-27
11-27
11-27
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 4 -

11.5.3.2 Cc lin kt bu lng..
11.5.3.3 Lp rp kim tra Khoan iu khin theo chng trnh s..
11.5.3.4 Cc lin kt hn ti hin trng.
11.5.4 nh du khp nhau
11.5.5 Cc lin kt dng cc bu lng khng gia cng tinh, bu lng tin hoc
bu lng c g.
11.5.5.1 Tng qut
11.5.5.2 Bu lng tin
11.5.5.3 Bu lng c g.
11.5.6 Cc lin kt dng bu lng cng cao..
11.5.6.1 Tng qut
11.5.6.2 Cc b phn ghp bu lng..
11.5.6.3 Cc iu kin b mt
11.5.6.4 Lp t.
11.5.6.4.1 Tng qut.
11.5.6.4.2 Th nghim kh nng quay.................................................
11.5.6.4.3 Yu cu i vi vng m...................................................
11.5.6.4.4 Phng php lp rp bng cch quay ai c
11.5.6.4.5 Phng php lp bng c l hiu chnh
11.5.6.4.6 Phng php lp cc bu lng thit k khc..
11.5.6.4.7 Phng php lp o trc tip lc ko.
11.5.6.4.7a Kim tra.
11.5.6.4.7b Lp t..
11.5.6.4.8 Cht hm v bu lng tn...
11.5.6.4.9 Kim tra
11.5.6.4.9a Tng qut.
11.5.6.4.9b Trch nhim ca K s..
11.5.6.4.9c Trnh t kim tra...
11.5.7 Hn..
11.6 LP DNG
11.6.1 Tng qut...
11.6.2 Bc xp v ct gi vt liu..
11.6.3 Gi cu v neo.............
11.6.4 Phng php lp dng
11.6.4.1 Ph hp vi cc bn v
11.6.4.2 Cc ng sut lp dng.
11-27
11-28
11-28
11-28
11-28

11-28
11-29
11-29
11-29
11-29
11-29
11-29
11-30
11-30
11-32
11-33
11-34
11-35
11-35
11-35
11-36
11-37
11-38
11-38
11-38
11-38
11-38
11-40
11-40
11-40
11-40
11-40
11-40
11-40
11-40
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 5 -

11.6.4.3 Duy tr tuyn tim v vng
11.6.5 Lp rp hin trng..
11.6.6 Cc lin kt bng cht (li) .
11.6.7 Cc sai st trong lp dng..
11.7.1 Phng php o c...
11.7.2 C s thanh ton....
11.8 Cc quy nh b sung cho dm thp cong..
11.8.1 Tng qut.....................
11.8.1.1 Phm vi..........
11.8.2 K hoch thi cng ca nh thu i vi cu dm cong..
11.8.3 Ch to.........................
11.8.3.1 Tng qut.......
11.8.3.2 Cu lp...........
11.8.3.3 Dm................
11.8.3.3.1 Dm I cn....
11.8.3.3.2 Dm I t hp hn
11.8.3.3.3 Dm hp v dm ng hn
11.8.3.4 Cc ph kin ca bn bng.
11.8.3.4.1 Np tng cng ngang
11.8.3.4.2 Bn ni........
11.8.3.4.3 Np tng cng dc.
11.8.3.5 Cc l bu lng
11.8.3.6 Sai s cho php.
11.8.3.6.1 phng ca bn bng hn
11.8.3.6.2 vng.......
11.8.3.6.3 ng cong
11.8.3.6.4 Chiu di dm.
11.8.3.7 Lp trc........
11.8.3.7.1 Tng qut....
11.8.3.7.2 Mi ni hin trng ca cc on dm..
11.8.4 K hoch vn chuyn...
11.8.5 Lp dng thp..............
11.8.5.1 Tng qut.......
11.8.5.2 Vn khun......
11.8.5.3 Gi cu...........
11-41
11-41
11-41
11-41
11-41
11-41
11-43
11-44
11-44
11-44
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11-48
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11-49
11-49
11-50
11-50
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 6 -

11.8.5.4 Dm I..............
11.8.5.5 Dm hp kn v dm ng.
11.8.6 Mt cu........................
11.8.6.1 Vn khun......
11.8.6.1.2 Cnh hng...
11.8.6.1.3 Dm ng......
11.8.6.2 b tng......
11.8.7 Bo co........................
Ti liu vin dn......................

11-50
11-51
11-51
11-51
11-51
11-51
11-52
11-52
11-53

PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 7 -

PHN 11
KT CU THP

11.1 TNG QUT

11.1.1 M t
Cng vic ny gm c vic cung cp, ch to v lp dng cc kt cu thp v
cc b phn thp kt cu ca cc kt cu khc ph hp vi bn Tiu chun ny, v
trong h s hp ng.
Nu khng c quy nh khc, nh my sn xut thp kt cu phi xc nhn theo
Chng trnh xc nhn cht lng AISC, Hng I. Vic ch to cc cu kin c nguy c
ph hoi gin phi l Hng III.
Cc s liu thit k m Nh thu c php la chn phi ph hp vi Tiu
chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD 2004.
Vic sn phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Phn 13 Sn.
gio dng trong vic lp dng thp kt cu phi ph hp vi quy nh ca
Phn 3 Cng trnh tm.
Cc thnh phn kt cu ch nh trong h s hp ng c nguy c b ph hoi
gin, phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 Quy tc hn cu
Phn 12 K hoch khng ch ph hoi gin (FCP) i vi cc b phn khng d.
Vic hn v cc th nghim nh gi cht lng hn phi ph hp vi cc quy
nh ca AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/ D1.5 Quy tc hn cu.

11.1.2 Thng bo bt u cng vic
Nh thu phi thng bo y cho K s lc bt u cng vic ti nh my
hoc trong phn xng c th b tr gim st.
Ch gii: Danh t nh my c ngha l nh my cn hoc c ti vt liu
dng cho cng trnh c ch to. Khng c ch to vt liu ti nh my hoc khng
c vic no c lm ti phn xng trc khi K s thng bo v cc vic .

11.1.3 Gim st
Thp kt cu phi c gim st ti a im ch to.
Nh thu phi cung cp cho K s mt bn sao tt c cc n t hng cho nh
my thp v cc bo co th nghim ti nh my thp c xc nhn. Cc bo co
th nghim ti nh my thp phi cho bit cc phn tch ho hc v cc kt qu th
nghim vt l cho mi m thp dng cho cng trnh. Vi s chp thun ca K s, phi
cung cp cc chng ch hp cch thay cho cc bo co th nghim ti cc nh my
thp i vi cc vt liu thng khng c cung cp vi cc bo co th nghim ti
nh my, v i vi cc hng mc nh cc tm lt, cc bn tip im nh v cc vt
liu tng t khi lng nh v vt liu c ly t trong kho.
Cc bo co th nghim c xc nhn lm ti nh my i vi thp vi cc gi
tr xung kch quy nh phi bao gm ngoi cc kt qu th nghim khc, cc kt qu
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 8 -

th nghim xung kch Rnh ch V. Khi quy nh p dng cng ngh ht mn, bo co
th nghim phi khng nh vt liu c sn xut nh vy. Cc bn sao n t
hng nh my phi c cung cp khi cc n t hng c giao cho nh my sn
xut. Cc bo co th nghim ti nh my c xc nhn v cc chng ch hp cch
phi cung cp trc lc bt u sn xut bng vt liu c nu ra trong cc bo co
.Chng ch hp cch phi do nh sn xut k v phi xc nhn rng vt liu ph hp
vi cc yu cu k thut m theo chng c sn xut.
K s phi c sn ti liu c th xem xt tng sn phm mt. K s c th t
do n bt c lc no ti mt b phn no ca a im ch to ti vt liu c
ct gi hoc ang c gia cng.

11.1.4 Quyn hn ca Gim st vin
Gim st vin c quyn loi b vt liu hoc sn phm no khng p ng y
cc yu cu ca bn Tiu chun ny. Trong tng hp c tranh ci, Nh thu c
th ku n K s, quyt nh ca K s l quyt nh cui cng.
Vic gim st ti nh my hoc phn xng c d tnh nh mt bin php d
dng cho cng vic v trnh cc sai lm, v phi hiu mt cch r rng l vic ny
khng gim nh trch nhim ca Nh thu i vi vt liu hoc sn phm b h hng
cn thit phi thay th vi chi ph ca Nh thu.
Vic Gim st vin nghim thu mt vt liu no hoc cc cu kin hon thnh
no s khng h cn tr g i vi vic loi b chng sau ny, nu thy h hng. Cc
vt liu v sn phm b loi b phi c Nh thu thay th ngay khi c th hoc c
sa cha.

11.2 BN V THI CNG

Nh thu phi hiu mt cch r rng l s chp thun ca K s v cc bn v
thi cng do Nh thu np bao gm cc yu cu i vi cng v chi tit v K s
khng chu trch nhim v cc sai lm v kch thc.
Cc bn v thi cng phi c K s chp thun trc khi thc hin cng vic
c lin quan v vic chp thun ny khng lm gim nh trch nhim ca Nh thu
trong hp ng i vi vic hon thnh tt p cng trnh.

11.2.1 Bn v phn xng
Nh thu phi np cho K s chp thun cc bn sao bn v chi tit ca
phn xng. Cc bn v phn xng phi np trc khi bt u cng vic c lin
quan thi gian K s xem xt v Nh thu sa cha m khng lm chm cng
vic.
Cc bn v phn xng i vi kt cu thp phi cho y kch thc chi tit
v kch c cc b phn thnh phn ca kt cu v cc chi tit ca tt c cc b phn
linh tinh khc, nh cht, ai c, bu lng, tiu nc .v.v..
Khi c yu cu v hng quy nh cho cc tm thp, phi cho phng cn ca
cc tm.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 9 -

Cc bn v phn xng phi c nhn dng r rng mi b phn c lm t
thp khng phi l thp AASHTO M270/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp 36 (Cp 250-
nu theo n v o bng MPa).

11.2.2 Bn v lp dng
Nh thu phi np cc bn v minh ho y phng php lp dng kin
ngh. Cc bn v phi cho cc chi tit v tt c cc gi gio, thanh ging chng,
dy neo, h th, cc thit b nng, v cc lin kt vo cc cu kin cu; trnh t lp
dng, v tr cc cn cu v x lan, kh nng cu, v tr cc im cu trn cc cu kin
cu v trng lng cc cu kin. Cc bn v phi y chi tit i vi mi giai on
v cc trng thi d kin trong khi lp dng. C th yu cu cc tnh ton chng
minh cc sc khng nhn h s khng b vt qu v kh nng chu lc v hnh
dng cui cng ca cu kin l ng.

11.2.3 S vng
Nh ch to phi cung cp cho K s mt s vng, cho bit vng
mi im khoang trong trng hp gin hoc sn vm, v ti cc v tr im ni ti
hin trng v cc im phn s ca chiu di nhp (ti thiu cc im ) trong
trng hp dm lin tc v khung cng. S vng phi cho bit cc vng tnh
ton c s dng trong vic lp rp trc kt cu theo iu 11.5.3 Lp rp trc cc
lin kt ti hin trng.

11.3 VT LIU

11.3.1 Thp kt cu
11.3.1.1 Tng qut
Thp phi cung cp theo cc yu cu k thut sau. Cp hoc cc cp ca thp
cung cp phi cho trong h s hp ng.
Tt c thp s dng trong cc thnh phn cu kin chu lc chnh, chu ng sut
ko phi ph hp vi cc yu cu th nghim xung kch Rnh ch V thch hp ca
AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M).
Cc dm hn lm bng thp ca ASTM A 709/A 709M cp HPS 70W (HPS
485W) phi c ch to ph hp vi Quy trnh hng dn ch to cu ng b
bng thp HPS 70W phn b sung ca Quy tc hn cu AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5
11.3.1.2 Thp Carbon
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, thp Carbon kt cu dng trong
cng trnh hn hoc bt bu lng phi ph hp vi thp kt cu dng cho cu, AASHTO
M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp 36 (Cp 250-nu theo n v o bng MPa).
11.3.1.3 Thp kt cu hp kim thp cng cao
Thp hp kim thp cng cao phi ph hp vi:
Thp kt cu dng cho cu, AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp
50, 50S, 50W hoc HPS 50W (cp 345, 345S, 345W hoc HPS 345W-nu theo n v
o bng MPa).
11.3.1.4 Thp tm kt cu ram v ti, hp kim thp cng cao
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 10 -

Thp tm ram v ti hp kim thp cng cao phi ph hp vi thp kt cu
dng cho cu AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp 70W hoc HPS 70W
(Cp 485W hoc HPS 485W-nu theo n v o bng MPa).
11.3.1.5 Thp tm hp kim ram v ti, cng chy cao
Thp tm hp kim ram v ti, cng chy cao phi ph hp vi:
Thp kt cu dng cho cu AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M)
Cp 100 hoc 100W (Cp 690 hoc 690W-nu theo n v o bng MPa).
ng thp c kh khng c ng ni v thp hnh kt cu hp kim ram v
ti, p ng tt c cc yu cu c hc v ho hc ca AASHTO
M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp 100 hoc 100W (Cp 690 hoc
690W-nu theo n v o bng MPa), tr cng chu nn ti a quy nh
phi bng 965 MPa i vi thp hnh kt cu v 1000 MPa i vi ng thp
c khi khng c ng ni, phi c xem nh thp AASHTO M270M/M270
(ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp 100 v 100W (Cp 690 v 690W-nu theo n v
o bng MPa).
11.3.1.6 Cc thanh c tai treo(Eyebars)
Thp dng lm cc thanh c tai treo phi thuc cp c th hn c. Cc cp
ny bao gm thp kt cu ph hp vi:
Thp kt cu dng cho cu, AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M)
Cp 36 (Cp 250-nu theo n v o bng MPa).
Thp kt cu dng cho cu, AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M)
Cp 50 v 50W hoc HPS 50W (Cp 345, 345W hoc HPS 345W-nu theo
n v o bng MPa).
11.3.1.7 ng thp kt cu
ng thp kt cu phi l ng hn un ngui hoc ng thp khng c ng ni
ph hp vi ASTM 500, Cp B hoc ng hn un nng hoc ng khng c ng ni
ph hp vi ASTM 501.

11.3.2 Cc lin kt cng cao
11.3.2.1 Vt liu
Bu lng cng cao dng cho mi ni thp kt cu phi ph hp vi AASHTO
M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)) hoc AASHTO M253 (ASTM
A490) (AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 490M)). Khi dng bu lng cng cao vi cp
thp chng g khng sn, bu lng phi l Loi 3.
Nh cung cp phi ghi s l hng trn bao b vn chuyn v mt chng ch cho
bit cc th nghim c lm y v khi no, k c th nghim kh nng chu lc
khi xoay, v b dy km khi dng cc bu lng v ai c m km.
cng ti a vi cc bu lng AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M
(ASTM A 325M) phi bng 33 HRC.
Cc th nghim th ti trng (ASTM F 606 (ASTM F 606M), Phng php 1)
cn lm i vi bu lng. Cc th nghim nm i vi bu lng ng kch thc cn lm
theo Phn 8.3 ca AASHTO M 164 (ASTM A 325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)).
Cc bu lng m km phi th nghim nm sau khi m. Cn lm th nghim th ti
trng AASHTO M 291 (ASTM A 563) (AASHTO M 291M (ASTM A 563M)) i vi cc
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 11 -

ai c. Cc th nghim th ti trng i vi ai c c s dng vi cc bu lng m
km phi tin hnh sau khi m, ren v bi trn.
Tr ghi ch di y:
Cc ai c dng cho bu lng AASHTO M 164 (ASTM A 325) AASHTO M
164M (ASTM A 325M) phi ph hp vi AASHTO M 291 (ASTM A 563)
(AASHTO M 291M (ASTM A 563M)) cp DH, DH3, C, C3 v D (c tnh loi
8S, 8S3, 10S hoc 10S3).
Cc ai c dng cho bu lng AASHTO M253 (ASTM A 490) ( AASHTO M
253M (ASTM A 490M)) phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M291
(ASTM A563) (AASHTO M 291M (ASTM A 563M)) Cp DH v DH3 (c tnh
loi 10S hoc 10S3). Cc cp c th cho php ca ai c phi theo quy nh
trong AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) v trong AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490).

Cc ngoi l l:
Cc ai c c m (nhng nng hoc c kh) phi l cp DH (c tnh loi
10S).
Cc ai c c dng vi bu lng AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO
M 164M (ASTM A 325M)) loi 3 phi l Cp C3 hoc DH3 (c tnh loi 8S3
hoc 10S3). Cc ai c c dng vi bu lng AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490)
(AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 490M)) Loi 3 phi l Cp DH3 (c tnh loi
10S3).

Tt c cc ai c m phi bi trn vi cht bi trn cha cht nhum mu nhn
thy c. Cc bu lng en phi bi du cm nhn c khi giao v khi lp.
Cc vng m phi l vng m bng thp lm cng ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca AASHTO M293 (ASTM F436) (AASHTO M 293M (ASTM F 436M)) v iu
11.5.6.4.3 Cc yu cu i vi vng m.
Ch gii: Bu lng loi 2 c loi b trong AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325),
AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M), AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490), v AASHTO M
253M (ASTM A 490M), do khng cn c sn xut na. Tuy nhin bu lng Loi 2
c sn xut trc vic loi b ny vn ang c kim tra v coi nh chp nhn
c. ai c cp DH (c tnh loi 10S) c kin ngh dng cho bu lng kiu 1 v 2.
ai c cp DH3 (c tnh loi 10S3) khng kin ngh dng cho bu lng loi 1 v 2. ai
c cp DH3 (c tnh loi 10S3) phi dng cho bu lng loi 3.
11.3.2.2 Cc du hiu nhn dng
AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)) i vi cc
bu lng v cc yu cu k thut i vi ai c y yu cu cc bu lng v ai c
c ch to theo tiu chun k thut phi c nhn bit bng cc du hiu ring
mt trn u bu lng v trn mt mt ca ai c. Cc du hiu trn u bu lng phi
nhn bit c cp cng bng k hiu A325 (A 325M) nh sn xut v loi bu
lng nu l loi 3. Cc du hiu ai c phi nhn bit c cp c tnh, nh sn
xut v loi ai nu l loi 3. Cc du hiu trn ng h o trc tip lc cng (DTI
ASTM F959 (ASTM F 959M)) phi nhn bit c nh sn xut v loi 325 (loi
8.8). Cc du hiu trn vng m phi nhn bit c nh sn xut v loi vng m
nu l loi 3.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 12 -

AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490) (AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 490M)) i vi bu
lng v cc yu cu k thut ni n y i vi ai c yu cu cc bu lng v ai c
ch to theo cc Tiu chun ny phi c nhn bit bng cc du hiu ring mt
trn bu lng v trn mt mt ca ai c. Cc du hiu trn u bu lng phi nhn bit
c cp cng bng k hiu A 490 (A 490M), nh sn xut v loi bu lng nu
l loi 3. Cc du hiu ca ai c phi nhn bit c cp cng , nh sn xut v
loi ai c, nu l Loi 3.
Cc du hiu vng m phi nhn bit c nh sn xut v loi, nu l Loi 3.
11.3.2.3 Kch thc
Cc kch thc ca bu lng v ai c phi ph hp vi cc yu cu i vi bu
lng kt cu nng lc gic v cc ai c lc gic nng bn hon thin h mt cho trong
Tiu chun ANSI B18.2.1 v B18.2.2 (B18.2.3.7M v B18.2.4.6M) tng ng.
11.3.2.4 Cc lin kt cng cao c m chng g
Cc bu lng theo AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490) (AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A
490M)) khng phi m.
Khi cc lin kt c quy nh phi m, chng phi m km nhng nng theo
AASHTO M 232M/M 232 (ASTM A153/A 153M) hoc loi C, hoc c m c kh
hoc theo AASHTO M298 (ASTM B695) loi 50 (loai 345). Cc bu lng m phi l Loi
1 ca AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)).
Ch gii : Cc bu lng loi 2 ch c m theo cng ngh m c kh, theo
AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) hoc AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M).
Cc vng m, ai c v bu lng ca b bu lng/ai c bt k phi m bng cng mt
cng ngh. Cc ai c phi c ren qu ti mt lng ti thiu cn thit cho lin kt,
v phi bi trn vi cht bi trn c cha thuc nhum mu nhn thy c c th
kim tra bng mt cht bi trn trc khi lp rp hin trng.
11.3.2.5 Cc lin kt khc
C th dng cc lin kt hoc t hp lin kt c dng khc ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca ASTM F1852, p ng cc yu cu v vt liu, ch to, v thnh phn ho hc
ca AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)) hoc AASHTO
M253 (ASTM A490) (AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 490M)) p ng cc yu cu v tnh
cht c hc ca cng Tiu chun trong cc th nghim kch thc tht, v c ng
knh thn bu lng v cc din tch nn t di u bu lng v ai c, hoc tng ng
vi chng, khng nh hn cc gi tr ca mt bu lng v ai c c cng kch thc
danh nh quy nh trong iu 11.3.2.3. Cc lin kt ny c th c cc kch thc khc
so vi cc bu lng v ai c c quy nh.
C th s dng vi s chp thun ca K s, cc cht hm v cc bulong tn
bng thp cng cao nh mt phng n khc i vi bu lng cng cao cho
trong h s hp ng. Thn v u ca cht hm v cc bulong tn bng thp cng
cao phi p ng cc yu cu ca iu 11.3.2.3. Mi bulong tn phi c mt thn
c c ng knh cho cng ko v ct tng ng hoc ln hn bu lng
quy nh trong h s hp ng v phi c mt u m rn ngui, thuc loi v kch
thc c K s chp thun; mt chiu di thn ph hp vi b dy vt liu c
lin kt; cc rnh hm; rnh d phng v rnh ko (u l rnh vng) u kia. Mi
bulong tn phi c mt m c hm bng thp c kch c ph hp vi ng knh thn
s dng, khi thi cng bng mt dng c ring m c s ny c p ngui cho bin
dng n khp vo trong cc rnh hm to thnh mt u m c mi c nh pha
c rnh ca bulong tn sau khi on thn bulong tn c rnh ko v tha ra bn
ngoi u m c mi c nh c ko t b ra. bulong tn phi l sn phm
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 13 -

tiu chun ca nh sn xut cht hm v bulong tn c uy tn c K s chp
thun.
11.3.2.6 Cc dng c o lc
C th dng cc thit b o lc km theo cc bu lng, ai c v vng m quy
nh trong iu 11.3.2.1. Cc thit b o lc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Tiu
chun k thut ASTM i vi cc dng c o lc ko trc tip kiu c vng m c th
nn c dng cho cc lin kt kt cu, ASTM F959 (ASTM F 959M), tr quy nh
sau y.
Vi s chp thun ca K s, c th dng cc thit b o lc ko trc tip loi
thit k khc vi iu kin chng tho mn cc yu cu ca Iu 11.5.6.4.6 hoc cc
yu cu khc ni chi tit trong cc Tiu chun b sung do nh sn xut cung cp v
c s chp thun ca K s.

11.3.3 inh neo hn chng ct (dng cho kt cu lin hp Thp-BTCT)
11.3.3.1 Vt liu
Cc inh neo chng ct phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca cc thanh v trc
thp carbon hon thin ngui AASHTO M169 (ASTM A108), cc thanh ko ngui, cp
1015, 1018 hoc 1020, kh oxy mt phn hoc ton b. Nu dng cc u m gi cht
tr dung, thp lm m phi thuc cp carbon thp ph hp vi hn v phi ph hp vi
di thp carbon cn ngui, ASTM A109/A 109M.
Cc tnh cht chu ko c xc nh bng cc th nghim vt liu gc ca
thanh sau khi ko hoc th nghim cc inh cht hon thin phi ph hp vi cc
yu cu trong Bng 11.3.3.1-1 trong cng chy xc nh theo phng php
dch chuyn 0,2%.

Bng 11.3.3.1-1 Tnh cht chu ko ca lin kt chng ct bng inh neo
Cng ko 415 MPa
Cng chy 345 MPa
dn di 20% trong 50mm
gim din tch 50%

11.3.3.2 Phng php th nghim
Cc tnh cht chu ko phi xc nh theo cc chng thch hp ca AASHTO
T244 (ASTM A370) . Th nghim c hc cc sn phm thp. Cc th nghim ko ca
inh neo hon thin c lm trn cc inh neo hn vo cc tm th nghim bng
cch s dng mt g th nghim tng t nh cho trong Hnh 7.2 ca
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 Quy tc hn cu. Nu nt gy xy ra pha ngoi na gia
ca chiu di mu, th nghim phi lp li.
11.3.3.3 Hon thin
Cc inh neo hon thin phi c cht lng v tnh trng ng u, khng c
cc mi ni chng c hi, cc ra xm, vt so, vt nt, xon vn, cong hoc cc
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 14 -

khuyt tt c hi khc. Cng tc hon thin phi thc hin bng kh ngui, cn ngui
hoc bng my.
11.3.3.4 Chng nhn
Nh sn xut phi chng nhn cc inh neo c giao theo ng cc yu
cu v vt liu ca phn ny. Cc bn sao c chng nhn ca cc bo co th nghim
kim tra cht lng trong nh my phi cung cp cho K s theo yu cu.
11.3.3.5 Mu kim tra
K s c th la chn bng chi ph ca Nh thu cc inh neo mi loi v c
dng trong h s hp ng theo s cn thit kim tra cc yu cu ca Phn ny.

11.3.4 Cc vt rn bng thp v cc trc thp
11.3.4.1 Cc vt rn bng thp
Cc vt rn bng thp phi ph hp vi Tiu chun i vi vt rn bng thp
carbon v hp kim c cng dng thng thng AASHTO M102M/M102 (ASTM A668/A
668M), Loi C, D, F hoc G.
11.3.4.2 Trc thp carbon hon thin ngui
Trc thp carbon hon thin ngui phi c cung cp ph hp vi cc Tiu
chun i vi Cht lng tiu chun cc thanh thp carbon hon thin ngui, AASHTO
M169 (ASTM A108), Cp 10160-10300, tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.

11.3.5 Vt c bng thp
11.3.5.1 Cc vt c bng thp mm
Cc vt c bng thp dng trong cc b phn ca cu ng b phi ph hp
vi cc Tiu chun k thut i vi cc vt c bng thp dng cho cu ng b
ASTM A781/A 781M loi 70 (loi 485-nu theo n v o bng MPa) hoc Tiu chun
k thut i vi vt c bng thp carbon c cng dng chung, AASHTO M103M/M103
(ASTM A27/A 27M), loi 70 hoc cp 70-36 (Loi 485 hoc cp 485-250-nu theo n
v o bng MPa), tr khi c quy nh khc.
11.3.5.2 Vt c bng thp hp kim crm
Cc vt c bng tho hp kim crm phi c cung cp ph hp vi yu cu
k thut i vi cc vt c chng n mn St crm, St-crm-kn v hp kim c nn
kn c cng dng chung, AASHTO M 163M/M163 (ASTM A743/A 743M). Cp CA 15
(Cp CA 15M), tr khi c quy nh khc.

11.3.6 Vt c bng st
11.3.6.1 Vt liu
Vt c bng st xm-Vt c bng st xm phi ph hp vi Yu cu k
thut i vi cc vt c bng st xm AASHTO M105 hoc ASTM A48/A
48M, loi 30 tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.
Vt c bng st do-Vt c bng st do phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
k thut i vi cc vt c bng st do, ASTM A536, Cp 60-40-18
(Cp 414-276-18), tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng. Ngoi
cc on th nghim quy nh, cc mu th nghim ly t cc khi
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 15 -

nguyn vt c, nh cc ng ng, phi th nghim vicc vt c nng
hn 450kg xc nh cht lng yu cu t c trong vt c
trng thi cui cng.
Cc vt c dt mng-Cc vt c dt mng phi c cung cp ph
hp vi Yu cu k thut i vi cc vt c bng st c th dt mng
ferit, ASTM A47/A 47M Cp 35018 (Cp 24118), tr khi c quy nh khc
trong h s hp ng.
11.3.6.2 Cht lng c v hon thin
Vt c bng st phi ng v hnh dng v kch thc, khng c cc khuyt tt
do rt khun, xp, cc vt nt, cc bt, v cc h hng khc cc v tr nh hng
n cng v gi tr ca chng trong vic d nh s dng.
Cc vt c phi c cc ng g r nt ti cc gc v cc cnh phi sc nt v
hon ho.
11.3.6.3 Lm sch
Tt c cc vt c phi thi ct hoc lm sch cc vy v ct c hiu qu bng
cch khc c mt b mt nhn, sch v ng u.

11.3.7 M km
Trong h s hp ng c quy nh phi m km, cc sn phm bng kim loi
st, ngoi cc lin kt v cc ng kim khc phi c m theo cc yu cu k thut
i vi cc lp km (m nng) trn cc sn phm ch to t cc di, thanh, tm, hoc
thp hnh rn, rp, hoc cn, AASHTO M111M/M111 (ASTM A123/A 123M). Cc lin
kt v cc ng kim khc phi c m theo cc yu cu k thut i vi lp m
km (nhng nng) trn st v thp AASHTO M232M/M232 (ASTM A 153/A 153M), tr
ghi trong iu 11.3.2.4 Cc lin kt cng cao c m.

11.4 CH TO

11.4.1 Nhn dng thp trong khi ch to
H thng nh s hiu tng b phn ring l trong mt b ghp ca nh thu v
vic giao cc hng dn ct ri cho phn xng phi sao cho duy tr ng nh lm
vi b ghp xut pht.
Nh thu c th cung cp vt liu t kho d tr m c th nhn dng bng s
m nu v bo co th nghim ti nh my.
Trong khi ch to, cho ti khi lp rp cc cu kin, mi b phn bng thp, tr
thp cp 36 (Cp 250), u phi cho thy r rng v d c c trng k thut ca
thp.
Cc thp khc, ngoi thp cp 36 (Cp 250-nu theo n v o bng MPa),
khng ni trn, cng khng c trong yu cu k thut AASHTO M160 (ASTM A6)
phi c mt quy tc mu ring c xc lp v c ghi cho ngi K s.
Cc b phn bng thp, ngoi thp Cp 36 (Cp 250-nu theo n v o bng
MPa) m trc khi lp rp vo cu kin phi chu cc thao tc ch to nh thi sch,
m, nung nng cho vo khun, hoc sn, cc vic c th xo ht cc du hiu,
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 16 -

cc thp phi nh du cp thp bng du rp thp hoc bng mt th c gn
chc chn. Cc du rp thp phi l loi ng sut thp.
Theo yu cu ca K s, Nh thu phi cung cp mt bn khai xc nhn rng
trong sut thao tc ch to duy tr vic nhn dng thp theo ng yu cu k thut
ny.
Ch gii: Vic nh s k hiu cc b phn ring l v vic giao cc hng dn
ct ri cho phn xng thng c thc hin bng cch tham chiu cho cc k hiu
lp rp ghi trong bn v phn xng vi hng mc tng ng trong n t hng vi
nh my.
Quy tc nhn dng thp bng mu sc ghi trong nhng phin bn trc y ca
AASHTO M 160M/M160 (ASTM A6/A 6M) cng c th dng nhn dng. Phng
php ny khng cn c nu trong cc Tiu chun ny, nhiu Ch u t hin cng
loi b do tnh phc tp ca quy tc i vi nhiu cp vt liu mi.

11.4.2 Ct gi vt liu
Vt liu kt cu d nguyn hay ch to, phi c ct gi trn cc sn g
cao hn mt t, cc gi trt hoc cc b khc. Vt liu phi c gi khng c
t bi, m v cc vt l khc, v phi bo v chng n mn ti mc c th thc hin
c. Vic ct gi cc lin kt cng cao phi ph hp vi iu 11.5.6.4 Lp t.

11.4.3 Thp tm
11.4.3.1 Phng cn thp
Tr khi c ghi khc trong h s hp ng, thp tm dng cho cc cu kin chnh
v cc tm ni i vi cc bn cnh v cc cu kin chu ko chnh, khng phi l cu
kin ph, phi ct v ch to sao cho phng cn ch yu song song vi phng ca
ng sut nn v /hoc ko chnh.
11.4.3.2 Mp ct ca tm thp
11.4.3.2.1 Ly dng mp ct
Cc mp b ct ca tm thp dy hn 16mm v chu ng sut tnh ton phi l
phng, cn, mi hoc ct bng nhit su ti 6mm.
11.4.3.2.2 Ct bng oxy
Ct bng oxy thp kt cu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Quy tc hn cu
hin hnh AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5.
11.4.3.2.3 Kim tra bng mt v sa cha cc mp ct ca tm thp
Vic kim tra bng mt v sa cha cc mp ct tm phi ph hp vi Quy tc
hn cu hin hnh AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5
11.4.3.3 Cc tm thp un cong
11.4.3.3.1 Tng qut
Khng c un ngui cc loi thp v cu kin d b ph hoi gin.
Thc hin vic un ngui cc loi thp v cu kin khc ph hp vi Quy tc
hn cu AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 v Bng 11.4.3.3.2-1 sao cho khng b nt.
11.4.3.3.2 Un ngui
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 17 -

Tr khi c duyt khc i, bn knh un ngui ti thiu ( nhit trong
phng), o theo mt lm ca tm thp, cho trong Bng 11.4.3.3.2-1. Nu yu cu bn
knh un nh hn, c th phi lm nng trc nh mt phn ca quy trnh un. Cn
cung cp quy trnh lm nng cho K s xem xt. Vi cc tm thp khng c trong Bng
11.4.3.3.2-1 th lm theo bn knh un ti thiu kin ngh ca nh sn xut thp tm.
Nu c th, hng ng un vung gc vi phng cn cui cng ca tm.
Nu ng un song song vi phng cn cui cng, kin ngh nhn bn knh ti thiu
trong Bng 11.4.3.3.2-1 vi 1,5.

Bng 11.4.3.3.2-1 Bn knh un ngui ti thiu
Chiu dy mm (t)
AASHTO M 270M/M270
(ASTM A709/A 709M
Cp, o bng MPa

t 20

20 < t 25

25 < t 50

t > 50
250 1.5t 1.5t 1.5t 2.0t
345, 345S, 345W hoc
HPS 345W
1.5t

1.5t 2.0t 2.5t
HPS 485W 1.5t 1.5t 2.5t 3.0t
690 1.75t 2.25t 4.5t 5.5t
690W 1.75t 2.25t 4.5t 5.5t

Ch gii: Vi thm thp un, bn knh un v bn knh ca khun dng cn
rng ri nh sn phm cui cng cho php. B rng dc theo mp ca khun m cn t
nht bng 8 ln chiu dy tm thp cp 36 (Cp 250-nu theo n v o bng MPa).
Vi thp cng cao i hi bn knh khun ln hn. B mt trong vng cong cn
nhn nhi.
ni mt lm ca tm thp un phi kht vi b mt khc, khun dng cn
dy v c bn knh thch hp m bo tm thp un c b mt lm theo yu cu.
V cc vt nt khi un thng pht sinh cc mp ngoi cc gai ct v mp ct
bng hi cn c loi b bng mi. Cc gc nhn mp v cc l t hoc ct bng
ga cn loi b bng vt i hoc mi ti bn knh.
11.4.3.3.3 Un nng
Nu cn mt bn knh nh hn bn knh ti thiu quy nh i vi un ngui, cc
tm thp phi un nng nhit khng ln hn 650
0
C, tr i vi AASHTO
M270M/M270 (ASTM A 709/A 709M) cc cp 70W, 100 v 100W (Cc cp 485W, 690
v 690W-nu theo n v o bng MPa). Nu cc tm thp Cp 100 v 100W (Cc cp
690 v 690W-nu theo n v o bng MPa) phi un c nung nng ti nhit ln
hn 595
o
C hoc Cp 70W (Cp 485W-nu theo n v o bng MPa) phi un c
nung nng ti nhit ln hn 565
o
C, chng phi c ti li v ram theo cng ngh
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 18 -

ca nh my ch to thp v th nghim kim tra vic phc hi cc tnh cht c
quy nh theo ch dn ca K s. Cc tm thp theo AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM
A709/A 709M) Cp HPS 70W (Cp HPS 485W-nu theo n v o bng MPa) phi un
khng c nung nng ti nhit ln hn 595
o
C. Khng yu cu ti li v ram i vi
thp cp HPS 70W (Cp HPS 485W-nu theo n v o bng MPa) ch nung nng ti
gii hn ny.
Ch gii: Thp theo AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp HPS
70W (Cp HPS 485W-nu theo n v o bng MPa) c th nghim bi Cc
ng cao tc bang NewYork (NYSTA) ti nhit 675
o
C. Theo High Steeo Structures
(FHWA 1999).

11.4.4 Lp cc sn tng cng
Cc sn tng cng chu lc u dm v cc sn tng cng dng lm
im cho cc ti trng tp trung phi t y (bng cch phay, mi hoc hn trn
thp c th hn c trong cc vng chu nn ca cnh, nh cho trong h s hp
ng) trn cc cnh m cc sn truyn ti trng vo hoc chng nhn ti trng t
cnh. Cc sn trung gian khng c nh dng ti trng tp trung, tr khi c
quy nh trong h s hp ng, phi kht cht vi cnh chu nn.

11.4.5 Cc mi ni i u
Cc mi ni i u trong cu kin chu nn ca cc dn v ct phi phay hoc
ca cho mt mi ni vung vn v nn ng u. Ti cc mi ni khc, khng cn
phi gip mt, khe h khng c qu 10mm.

11.4.6 Gia cng cc b mt p ta
Vic hon thin b mt cc tm gi v tm v cc b mt chu nn cc b
khc khi chng tip xc vi nhau hoc vi b tng phi p ng yu cu v nhm
b mt ANSI c xc nh trong ANSI B46.1. nhm b mt, sng v v tr, Phn
I:
Tm bn bng thp ANSI 2000 (50m) (RMS)
Cc tm thp nng tip xc vi cc phi hn . ANSI 1000 (25m) (RMS)

Cc u phi phay ca cc cu kin chu nn, cc u phay
hoc mi ca cc np tng cng v cc tm n ANSI 500(12,5m) (RMS)

Gi con ln v con lc ca cu ANSI 250 (6,3m) (RMS)

Cc cht v l cht .. ANSI 125 (3.2m) (RMS)

Cc gi trt ..ANSI 125 (3.2m) (RMS)
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 19 -

11.4.7 Nn thng vt liu
Vic nn thng cc thp tm, thp gc, thp hnh khc v cc cu kin ghp
thnh, khi c K s cho php, phi thc hin bng vc phng php khng lm nt
hoc lm kim loi b cc h hi khc. Cc cu kin b cong vnh c th nn thng bng
bin php c hc hoc nu c K s cho php, bng cc phng php c d
tnh cn thn v p dng c gim st nung nng cc b hn ch, tr nhit nn thng
cc cu kin thp Cp 70W, HPS 70W 100 v 100W (cc cp 485W, HPS 485W, 690
v 690W-nu theo n v o bng MPa) ch c thc hin vi cc phng php c
kim tra cht ch, mi ln phi c s chp thun ca K s. Trong mi trng hp,
nhit ti a khng c vt qu cc gi tr trong Bng 11.4.7-1

Bng 11.4.7-1 Nhit nn thng ti a

AASHTO M270M/M270
(ASTM A 709/A 709M) cc cp
Nhit
385W 565
0
C
HPS 385W 595
0
C
690 595
0
C
690W 595
0
C

Trong tt c cc thp khc, nhit din tch chu nhit khng c vt qu
650
0
C c khng ch bng bt th nhit, cht lng hoc nhit k lng kim ch bo.
Vic nung nng vt qu cc gii hn cho phi l l do loi b, tr khi K s cho
php th nghim kim tra tnh ng nht ca vt liu.
Cc phn c nn thng bng nhit phi thc s khng c ng sut v t cc
ngoi lc, tr cc ng sut do cc bin php c hc c dng kt hp vi vic tc
ng nhit.
Sau khi nn thng on cong hoc cong vnh m thy nt r rng th thanh thp
phi loi b.

11.4.8 L bu lng
11.4.8.1 L cho bu lng cng cao v bu lng khng gia cng tinh
11.4.8.1.1 Tng qut
Tt c cc l cho bu lng phi l t hoc khoan, tr ghi ch y. Chiu rng
ca mi l bu lng tiu chun phi ly bng ng knh danh nh ca bu lng cng
thm 1,5mm. Kch thc l bu lng tiu chun M24 v nh hn, theo h mt, phi ly
bng ng knh bu lng cng thm 2mm. Vi bu lng M24 v ln hn, theo h mt,
phi ly bng ng knh bu lng cng thm 3mm. Vt liu to thnh cc phn ca mt
cu kin gm c khng qu 5 lp kim loi c th t ng c khi b dy vt liu khng
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 20 -

ln hn 20mm i vi thp kt cu, 16mm i vi thp cng cao hoc 12mm i
vi thp hp kim ti v ram, tr khi c yu cu t nh hn v doa theo iu 11.4.8.5.
Khi vt liu dy hn 20mm i vi thp kt cu, 16mm i vi thp cng
cao hoc 12mm i vi thp hp kim ti v ram, tt c cc l phi hoc l t nh hn
v doa hoc khoan ng c. Cng vy, khi lin kt qu 5 lp hoc theo yu cu ca
iu 11.4.8.5 vt liu phi t nh hn v doa hoc khoan ng c khi lp rp.
Khi c yu cu, tt c cc l phi hoc t nh hn hoc khoan nh hn (khoan
nh hn nu gii hn b dy khng ch) 5mm v sau khi lp rp, doa hoc khoan ng
c.
Khi cho trn h s hp ng, c php lm cc l ln hn hoc l c rnh vi
cc bu lng cng cao.
Ch gii: Cc chun s kch thc khc p dng trong thit k cc chi tit bt bu
lng nh: l qu c,l c rnh, cc c li mp v c li cui xem iu 6.13.2 Lin kt bu
lng ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
11.4.8.1.2 Cc l t
ng knh khun t khng c vt qu ng knh ca t qu 1.5mm.
Nu cc l no phi m rng cho bu lng vo, cc l ny phi doa. Cc l phi
c ct gn khng c mp rch hoc lm xm. L hi c hnh cn l kt qu t nhin
ca thao tc t phi coi l chp nhn c.
11.4.8.1.3 Cc l doa hoc khoan
Cc l doa hoc khoan phi hnh tr, vung gc vi cu kin v phi tun th
cc yu cu ca iu 11.4.8.1.1 v kch thc. Khi c th thc hin c, cc mi doa
phi iu khin bng bin php c kh. Phi loi b cc ra xm trn cc b mt ngoi.
Doa v khoan phi thc hin bng cc mi khoan xon, cc mi doa xon, hoc cc
my ct t quay. Cc b phn ni cn c cc l doa hoc khoan phi lp rp v gi
chc trong khi doa hoc khoan v phi nh du khp nhau trc khi tho ri.
11.4.8.1.4 chnh xc ca cc l
Cc l c ng knh ln hn s thp phn chnh xc tng ng ca ng
knh danh nh khng qu 0,8mm do mi khoan hoc mi doa bng ng knh danh
nh to ra c xem l c th chp nhn c. B rng ca cc l c rnh c to
ra do ct bng ngn la hoc kt hp khoan hoc t v ct bng ngn la thng
khng c ln hn b rng danh nh qu 0,8mm. B mt do ngn la ct phi mi
nhn.
11.4.8.2 chnh xc ca nhm l
11.4.8.2.1 chnh xc trc khi doa
Tt c cc l t ng c, t nh hn hoc khoan nh hn phi t chnh xc
sau khi lp rp (trc khi doa) mt cht hnh tr c ng knh nh hn ng knh
danh nh ca l t 3mm c th t qua l thng gc vi mt ca cu kin, khng
nghing, trong t nht 75% cc l k nhau trong cng mt phng. Nu yu cu ny
khng c tho mn, tm thp t xu phi loi b. Nu mt l bt k khng lt
mt cht c ng knh nh hn ng knh danh nh ca l t 5mm, s l nguyn
nhn loi b.
11.4.8.2.2 chnh xc sau khi doa
Khi cc l c doa hoc khoan, sau khi doa hoc khoan 85% cc l trong mt
nhm k nhau no khng c lch qu 0,8mm gia cc b dy tip gip nhau ca
thp.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 21 -

Tt c cc khun mu thp phi c ng lt bng thp c ti cng trong cc
l c nh kch thc chnh xc t cc ng tim ca mi ni nh vch trn bn
mu. Cc ng tim c dng nh v tr chnh xc bn mu t cc u c phay
hoc vch du ca cu kin.
11.4.8.3 Cc b lin kt ti hin trng khoan theo chng trnh s
Thay v cc l c kch thc nh hn v doa trong khi lp rp, hoc khoan cc l
kch c trong khi lp rp, Nh thu c th tu la chn vic khoan hoc t l bu
lng kch c trong cc b phn cha lp rp v /hoc cc b lin kt k c cc
khun s dng vi cc l khp nhau vi kch c nh hn v doa bng vic s dng
thit b t hoc khoan iu khin theo chng trnh s (N/C) thch hp. Cc l t
kch c phi p ng cc yu cu ca Iu 11.4.8.1.
Nu dng thit b t hoc khoan N/C, Nh thu phi c yu cu chng minh
chnh xc ca phng php khoan hoc t theo cc quy nh ca iu 11.5.3.3
Lp rp kim tra-khoan iu khin theo chng trnh s bng b lp rp kim tra.
Cc l c khoan hoc t bng thit b N/C phi c khoan hoc t ti
kch c thch hp qua tng b phn ring l, hoc khoan qua mt t hp no ca
cc b phn c gi cht vi nhau.
11.4.8.4 Cc l dng cho cc bu lng c g, cc bu lng tin hoc cc bu
lng loi chu lc nn t c chp thun khc.
Tt c cc l cho bu lng c g, bu lng tin hoc cc bu lng loi chu lc nn t
c chp thun khc phi khoan hoc t nh hn ng knh danh nh ca bu lng
5mm v doa khi lp rp, hoc khoan theo mt bn mu thp, hoc sau khi lp rp,
khoan t tm ghp chc thnh tp theo s la chn ca nh sn xut. Trong bt k
trng hn no, l hon thin phi khp ng theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
11.4.8.5 Chun b cc b lin kt ti hin trng
Cc l trong tt c cc b lin kt hoc mi ni ti hin trng ca cc cu kin
chnh ca cc gin, vm, nhp dm lin tc, gi tr , thp (mi mt), dm bn c, v
khung cng phi t hoc khoan nh hn sau doa khi lp rp hoc khoan ng c
theo mt bn mu thp. Cc l dng cho cc mi ni hin trng ca cc dm dc
thp cn, lin tc trn cc dm ngang hoc khung ngang mt cu c th khoan ng
c cha lp rp theo bn mu thp. Tt c cc l cho cc dm sn hoc khung ngang
mt cu c th khoan ng c cha lp rp theo mt bn mu thp. Doa hoc khoan
ng c cc l ca b lin kt hin trng theo mt bn mu thp phi c thc
hin sau khi bn mu t v tr vi s cn thn cao nht v v tr v v gc v
c bt bu lng cht ti v tr. Cc bn mu dng doa cc cu kin khp vi nhau
hoc cc mt i din ca cng mt cu kin, phi sao ra ging ht nhau,. Cc mu
dng cho cc b lin kt trn cc phn ging nhau hoc cc cu kin ging nhau phi
nh v chnh xc cho cc phn hoc cc cu kin sao ra gng ht nhau m khng
cn nh du lp cho khp nhau.
Vi mt b lin kt no y, thay cho vic t nh hn v doa hoc khoan nh
hn v doa, c th theo s la chn ca nh sn xut khoan cc l kch c vi tt
c cc b dy vt liu ghp li v tr chnh xc.

11.4.9 Cht v trc quay
11.4.9.1 Tng qut
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 22 -

Cht v trc quay phi tin chnh xc theo cc kch thc cho trn bn v v
phi thng, nhn v khng rn nt. Cht v trc quay c ng knh ln hn 225mm
phi l cc trc rn v c ram. Cc cht v trc quay c ng knh t 225mm tr
xung c th rn v ram hoc lm t cc thp trc carbon hon thin ngui.
Trong cc cht c ng knh ln hn 225mm, phi khoan mt l c ng
knh khng nh hn 50mm trn ton b chiu di dc trc sau khi rn xong v
ngui ti nhit thp hn phm vi nguy him, trong cc iu kin ph hp ngn
nga b h hng do ngui qu nhanh, v trc khi c ram.
11.4.9.2 Khoan cc l cht
Cc l cht phi khoan ng theo ng knh quy nh, nhn v thng, vung
gc vi trc ca cu kin v song song vi nhau tr khi c yu cu khc. B mt cui
cng c to ra bng cch ct gt hon thin.
ng knh l cht khng c vt qu ng knh cht trn 0,5mm i vi
cht c ng knh 125mm hoc nh hn hoc 0,8mm i vi cc cht ln hn.
Khong cch gia cc mp ngoi ca cc l u trong cc cu kin chu ko
v gia cc mp trong ca cc l u trong cc thanh chu nn khng c thay i
so vi khong cch quy nh qu 0,8mm. Khoan cc l cht trong cc cu kin t hp
phi lm sau khi cu kin c lp rp.
11.4.9.3 Ren cho bu lng v cht
Cc ren cho tt c cc bu lng v cht i vi cng trnh thp kt cu phi ph
hp vi cc nhm tiu chun thng nht ho UNC ANSI B1.1, Loi 2A i vi cc ren
ngoi v Loi 2B i vi cc ren trong, tr cc u cht c ng knh bng 1.375 in
(34 mm) hoc hn phi ren 6 ren cho 1 in (25mm) (cc ren vt h mt, mt ct M ANSI
B1.13M vi dung sai Cp 6g vi ren ngoi v Cp 6H vi ren trong)

11.4.10 Cc thanh tai treo
Cc l cht phi ct bng ngn la v nh hn ng knh cht hon thin t
nht 50mm. Tt c cc thanh c tai treo theo thit k phi t cnh nhau trong kt cu
phi c nh chc chn vi nhau theo th t yu cu t trn cht v phi khoan c
hai u sau khi kp cht. Cc thanh c tai treo phi ng gi v nh du lp kht khi
vn chuyn v lp dng. Tt c cc du nhn dng phi ng du bng khun thp
thng trn mp mt u mi cu kin sau khi ch to xong c th nhn thy khi
cc thanh lng vo cht ti ch trn kt cu. Du thp khun rp phi l loi ng
sut thp. Khng c php hn ln tai treo hoc xit cht cc tai treo cnh nhau.
Cc thanh c tai treo phi thng, khng b vn v cc l cht phi v tr chnh
xc trn ng tim ca thanh. nghing ca mi thanh bt k so vi mt phng ca
gin khng c vt qu 0,5%.
Cc mp thanh c tai treo nm gia ng tim ngang cc l cht ca chng
phi ct ng thi vi hai n x c hot ng bng my t st nhau, c hng
dn bng mt khun g mu vng chc, theo cch sao cho ngn nga c cc tm
khi b mo.

11.4.11 Ram v kh ng sut
Cc cu kin kt cu m c ch r trong h s hp ng phi ram hoc chun
ho s phi hon thin bng gia cng trn my, khoan v nn thng sau khi x l
nhit. Chun ho v ram (ram y ) phi theo quy nh trong ASTM A941. Nhit
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 23 -

phi duy tr ng u ton l nung trong khi nung nng v lm ngui cho nhit ti
hai im trn cu kin khng chnh lch qu 55
0
C ti bt k thi im no.
Cc cu kin bng thp AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp
100/100W hoc cp 70W (cc cp 690/690W hoc cp 485W-nu theo n v o bng
MPa) khng phi ram hoc chun ho m ch phi kh ng sut vi s chp thun ca
K s.
Mt bn ghi chp ca mi m l phi nhn dng cc b phn ang nung v cho
bit nhit v thi gian biu thc s s dng. Phi b tr cc dng c thch hp, k
c cc ho k t ghi xc nh bt k thi im no cc nhit ca cu kin trong
l. Cc ghi chp thao tc x l phi sn sng K s s dng v phi t c s
chp thun ca ng ta. Nhit gi kh ng sut thp phi ph hp vi Phn 4.4
ca Quy tc hn cu ca AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 hin hnh.
Cc cu kin nh cc gi cu, cc b , hoc cc b phn khc c lp ghp
bng cc on thp tm hn vi nhau phi kh ng sut theo phng php ca Phn
4.4 ca Quy tc hn cu ANSI/AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 khi h s hp ng yu
cu.

11.4.12 Cc dm cong
11.4.12.1 Tng qut
Cnh ca cc dm hn, cong phi ct theo bn knh cho trn h s hp ng
hoc un cong bng nhit theo quy nh trong cc iu sau y vi iu kin cc bn
knh khng nh hn cho php theo iu 10.15.2 Bn knh ti thiu ca cong ca
dm ca Tiu chun thit k ca Tiu chun k thut cu ng b AASHTO, ln xut
bn th 17.(Tiu chun ny thuc h c)
11.4.12.2 Dm un cong bng nhit v dm t hp bng hn
11.4.12.2.1 Vt liu
Tr i vi thp ASTM A709/A 709M cp HPS 70W (Cp HPS 485W -nu theo
n v o bng MPa), thp c ch to ti im chy ti thiu quy nh ln hn 345
MPa khng c un cong bng nhit.
11.4.12.2.2 Loi nung bng nhit
Cc dm cn v dm t hp c th c un cong bng cch nung nhit lin
tc hoc nung nhit kiu V theo s chp thun ca K s. Vi phng php lin tc,
mt di hoc cc di cch dc nhau theo mp cnh trn v di c nung gn nh
ng thi tu thuc vo b rng v b dy cnh; di phi rng v nhit t
cong yu cu. Vi loi nung kiu V, cc cnh trn v di phi nung theo mt din
tch hnh tam gic ct hoc hnh chm c y dc mp cnh v cch nhau cc
khong u nhau dc mi cnh; khong cch v nhit phi theo yu cu t
c cong yu cu, v phi nung dc theo cnh trn v cnh di vi mt tc
gn bng nhau.
Vi nung kiu V, nh ca din tch tam gic ct tc ng vo mt trong ca
cnh phi tn cng ng trc khi t ti giao im ca bng v cnh. trnh lm
mo bng dm khng cn thit, phi ch c bit khi nung nng b mt trong ca
cnh (cc b mt giao ct vi bng dm) nhit khng tc ng trc tip vo bng
dm. Khi bn knh cong bng 30500mm hoc hn, nh ca tam gic ct nung nng
tc ng vo mt ngoi ca cnh phi ko di ti giao im ca cnh v bng. Khi bn
knh cong nh hn 30500mm, nh ca tam gic ct nung nng tc ng ti mt ngoi
ca cnh phi ko di qu thn mt khong bng 1/8 cnh hoc 75mm, ly s no nh
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 24 -

hn. Hnh tam gic ct phi c mt gc m khong 15 ti 30o, nhng y tam gic
khng c vt qu 250mm. Cc bin i trong s nung ni trn y phi thc
hin vi s chp thun ca K s.
Vi c hai loi nung, mp cnh phi nung l mp nm pha trong ng cong
nm ngang sau khi ngui. Ch c nung c hai b mt cnh trong v ngoi khi b dy
cnh bng 31mm hoc ln hn, trong trng hp ny, hai b mt u phi nung ng
thi. Nhit ti a phi theo quy nh sau y.
Ch gii: Cc tham kho b sung v dm t hp cong nung nng bao gm:
ASCE. 1970. Experimental Stresses and Strains from Heat Curving,
Journal of the Structural Division, Volume 96, No. ST7, American Society
of Civil Engineers, New York.
ASCE. 1970. Theoretical Stresses and Strains from Heat Curving,
of civil Engineers, New York.
ASCE. 1970. Criteria for Heat Curving Streel Beams and Girders,
of Civil Engineers, New York.
U.S Steel. 2001. Fabrication Aids for Continuously Heat-Curved Girders,
ADUSS 88-5538-01, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh.
U.S. Steel. 2002. Fabrication Aids for Girders Curved with V-Heats,
ADUSS 88-5539-02, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh.

11.4.12.2.3 Nhit
Thao tc un cong bng nhit phi tin hnh theo cch no nhit khng
vt qu 650
o
C i vi thp cp 36, 50, 50S, 50W v HPS 50W (Cp 250, 345, 345S,
345W v HPS 345W -nu theo n v o bng MPa); 595
o
C vi cp 70W (Cp 485W -
nu theo n v o bng MPa) c o bng bt o nhit hoc cc bin php thch
hp khc. Dm ch c lm ngui nhn to sau khi ngui t nhin ti 315
o
C. Phng
php lm ngui nhn to phi c K s quyt nh.
11.4.12.2.4 V tr nung
Dm t hp phi un bng nhit vi bng dm v tr thng ng hoc nm
ngang. Khi un cong trong v tr thng ng, dm phi chng hoc cch no xu
hng dm un theo chiu ngang trong qu trnh un bng nhit khng lm cho dm b
lt .
Khi un trong v tr nm ngang, dm phi c hai u v cc im trung
gian, nu c yu cu, c cong ng u, ng sut un trong cnh do trng lng
bn thn v cc ti trng tc ng bn ngoi dm khng vt qu ng sut thit k cho
php thng dng. Khi dm t v tr nm ngang nung, phi duy tr cc khi kp
an ton trung gian ti na chiu di ca dm trong vng 50mm ca cc cnh ti mi
thi im trong qu trnh nung bo v chng b x t ngt do cnh b on do.
11.4.12.2.5 Trnh t cc thao tc
Dm t hp phi un cong bng nhit trong phn xng ch to trc khi sn.
Thao tc un cong bng nhit c th tin hnh hoc trc hoc sau khi hn xong tt c
cc nep tng cng ngang trung gian. Tuy nhin, tr khi c b tr i vi s co ngt ca
dm, cc tm lin kt v cc np tng cng ch chu nn cc b phi t v lin kt
sau khi un nng. Nu yu cu c np tng cng chiu dc, chng phi c un cong
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 25 -

bng nhit hoc ct bng oxy ring bit, sau hn vo dm un cong. Khi phi lin
kt cc tm thp ph vo dm cn chng c th lin kt trc khi un nng nu tng
b dy ca mt cnh v tm ph nh hn 65mm v bn knh cong ln hn 305000mm.
Vi cc dm cn v tm ph khc, dm phi c nung nhit un cong trc khi
lin kt cc tm ph; cc tm ph phi un cong bng nhit hoc ct bng oxy ring r,
sau hn vo dm un cong.
11.4.12.2.6 vng
Cc dm t hp phi lm vng ngc trc khi un bng nhit. vng i
vi dm cn c th thc hin bng phng php lm vng bng nhit c K s
chp thun. Vi cc dm t hp bng thp tm, bng phi ct theo vng quy nh
c tr hao tho ng cho co ngt do ct, hn v un cong bng nhit. Tuy nhin vi
s chp thun ca K s, cc lch va phi so vi vng quy nh c th sa
cha bng cch tc ng nhit c gim st cn thn.
11.4.12.2.7 o cong v vng
cong nm ngang v vng thng ng phi o nghim thu cui cng
sau khi hon thnh tt c cc thao tc hn v nung nng v cc cnh ngui ti
nhit ng u. cong nm ngang phi kim tra vi dm trong v tr thng ng.

11.4.13 Kt cu phn trn kiu mt cu trc hng
11.4.13.1 Tng qut
Cc gii hn dung sai kch thc i vi cc cu kin cu c mt cu trc
hng phi p dng cho mi cu kin hon thnh nhng cha chu ti v phi theo
quy nh trong iu 3.5 ca Quy tc hn cu AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 tr cc vn
sau y:
lch so vi phng, thng hoc cong chi tit ti bt k im
no l khong cch vung gc t im ti mt cnh mp ca bn mu
c thng hoc cong chi tit v mu ny t tip xc vi tng b
phn ti hai im khc.
Cnh ca bn mu c th c mt chiu di no khng vt qu kch
thc ln nht ca b phn ang xem xt v vi mt khoang no ,
khng vt qu 1,5 ln kch thc nh nht ca khoang; n c th c
t bt k u trong cc ng bin ca b phn.
lch phi o gia cc im tip xc k nhau ca cnh ca bn mu
vi b phn; khong cch gia cc im tip xc k nhau ny c dng
trong cc cng thc xc nh cc gii hn dung sai i vi on ang
o khi khong cch ny nh hn kch thc thch hp ca b phn c
quy nh trong cng thc.
Ch gii: T ng b phn dng y l ni v cc khoang, np tng cng,
cnh dm ring bit hoc cc thnh phn khc.
11.4.13.2 phng ca khoang
lch ti a so vi phng hoc cong chi tit ca mt khoang khng
c vt qu tr s ln hn ca 5mm hoc:

T
D
28
(11.4.13.2-1)
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 26 -

Trong :
D = Kch thc nh nht tnh bng mm dc bin ca khoang
T = B dy ti thiu tnh bng mm ca tm thp to thnh khoang.
Ch gii: T ng khoang dng trong iu ny c ngha l mt din tch trong
ca b mt tm thp c to bi cc np tng cng, bng dm, cnh dm hoc cc
cnh ca tm thp v khng c chia nh thm na bi bt c b phn no nh vy.
Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho tt c cc khoang trong cu; vi cc tm thp
c lm cng ch trn mt pha nh cc tm mt cu trc hng hoc cnh dm hp,
khi phi tnh tng b rng trng trn pha khng c np cng cng nh cc khong
gia cc np tng cng trn pha c np tng cng.
11.4.13.3 thng ca cc sn tng cng dc chu ng sut nn tnh
ton, k c cc sn ca mt cu trc hng.
lch ti a so vi thng hoc cong chi tit trong mt phng bt k
vung gc vi chiu di ca n ca mt sn tng cng dc bng dm hoc cc sn
tng cng khc chu ng sut nn tnh ton khng c vt qu :

480
L
(11.4.13.3-1)
Trong :
L = Chiu di ca sn tng cng hoc sn gia cc cu kin ngang,
bng dm hoc cnh dm, tnh bng mm.
11.4.13.4 thng ca cc sn tng cng ngang bng dm hoc cc
sn khc khng chu ng sut nn tnh ton
lch ti a so vi thng hoc cong chi tit trong mt phng bt k
no vung gc vi chiu di ca n ca mt sn tng cng ngang bng dm hoc
sn tng cng khc khng chu ng sut nn tnh ton khng vt qu:

240
L
(11.4.13.4-1)
Trong L = chiu di ca sn gia cc cu kin ngang, bng dm hoc cnh dm
tnh bng mm.

11.4.14 Th nghim theo kch thc thc
Khi hp ng yu cu lm cc th nghim vi kch thc thc ca cc cu kin
kt cu c ch to hay cc thanh c tai treo, Nh thu phi b tr cc phng tin,
vt liu thch hp, gim st v nhn lc cn thit cho vic tin hnh v ghi chp cc th
nghim yu cu. Cc cu kin c th theo ng h s hp ng c thanh ton
theo iu 11.4.2 C s thanh ton.

11.4.15 nh du v chuyn ch
Mi cu kin phi sn hoc nh du vi mt du hiu lp dng nhn dng
v mt s lp dng cho thy cc du hiu c cung cp cho K s.
Nh thu phi cung cp cho K s s lng cc bn sao cc chng t n
hng mua vt liu, cc t khai vn chuyn v s lp dng theo yu cu ca K s.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 27 -

Trn t khai phi ghi trng lng ca tng cu kin ring bit. Cc cu kin nng trn
2700 kg phi ghi trng lng trn . Cc cu kin kt cu phi ch trn cc xe ti
hoc xe con theo cch no chng c th c chuyn ch v d xung ti a im
n khng b h hng.
Cc bu lng, cc ai c v vng m mi loi kch thc phi c vn chuyn
trong cng mt conten. Nu ch c mt l sn phm cho mi c ai c v vng m
th ai c v vng m c th c vn chuyn trong cc conten khc nhau. Cc
cht, cc b phn nh v bao b bu lng, vng m v ai c phi chuyn ch trong
cc hp, st, thng nh hoc thng trn nhng trng lng tng cng mi kin khng
nng qu 136kg. Pha ngoi mi thng chuyn ch phi ghi r rng mt danh mc v
m t vt liu ng trong .

11.5 LP RP

11.5.1 Bt bu lng
Cc b mt kim loi tip xc phi lm sch trc khi lp rp. Cc b phn ca
mt cu kin phi c lp rp, cht tt v xit chc chn trc khi khoan, doa hoc
bt bu lng. Cc b phn lp rp phi cch nhau nu cn loi b cc ra xm to
ra khi thao tc. Cu kin phi khng c vn, cong v bin dng khc.
Vic by trong khi lp rp ch l a cc b phn vo v tr v khng c ti
mc lm rng cc l hoc lm cong vnh kim loi.

11.5.2 Cc lin kt hn
Cc b mt v cc cnh cn hn phi nhn, ng u, sch v khng c cc
khuyt tt h hng c th nh hng c hi n cht lng hn. Vic chun b cc
cnh phi thc hin theo Quy tc hn cu hin hnh AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5.

11.5.3 Lp rp trc cc lin kt hin trng
11.5.3.1 Tng qut
Khi cn cc lin kt hin trng ca cc cu kin chnh ca gin, vm, dm
lin tc, dm thp bn, gi tr , thp v khung cng phi c lp rp th trc khi
lp dng kim tra hnh dng kt cu hoc cu kin hon thnh v kim tra hoc
chun b cc mi ni hin trng. Trch nhim Nh thu l phi t c hnh dng
chnh xc v phi ngh mt phng php thch hp lp rp trc c s chp
thun ca K s. Phng php v cc chi tit lp rp trc phi ph hp vi phng
php lp dng cho trn cc bn v lp dng v s vng do nh thu chun b v
c K s chp thun. Ti thiu, phng php lp dng phi gm c vic lp rp ba
khoang k nhau c iu chnh chnh xc v tuyn tim v vng. Cc khi lp rp
k tip phi gm c t nht mt phn on hoc khoang ca khi lp rp trc (nh v
tr li nu cn v cht tho ng m bo tuyn tim chnh xc) cng vi hai hoc
nhiu phn on hoc khoang thm vo u tip theo. Trong trng hp cc kt cu
di hn 46000mm, mi khi khng c c chiu di di 40000mm, bt k chiu di
ca cc khoang hoc tit din lin tc ring bit. Tu theo nh ch to, trnh t lp rp
c th bt u t mt v tr no trong kt cu v tin hnh theo mt hoc hai chiu
vi iu kin cc yu cu trn c tho mn.
11.5.3.2 Cc lin kt bu lng
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 28 -

Vi cc lin kt bng bu lng, cc l phi chun b nh ni trong iu 11.4.8
L bu lng. Khi c th p dng c, vi cc cu kin chu nn, cc thnh phn chnh
phi lp rp vi cc u cu kin c phay nn t ton b v phi c cc l c
khoan nh hn c doa ti c quy nh trong khi cc b lin kt c lp rp.
11.5.3.3 Lp rp kim tra Khoan iu khin theo chng trnh s
Khi nh thu quyt nh dng phng php khoan iu khin theo chng trnh
s, yu cu phi lp rp kim tra i vi mi loi kt cu chnh ca mi n, tr khi
c ch nh khc trong h s hp ng, v phi gm t nht ba on k nhau phn
xng hoc trong mt gin tt c cc cu kin trong t nht ba khoang k nhau nhng
khng nh hn s khoang gn vi ba chiu di thanh gin k nhau (ngha l chiu di
gia cc mi ni hin trng).
Cc khi lp rp kim tra phi da trn th t lp dng kin ngh, cc mi ni
trong gi, cc im phc tp c bit, v cc vn tng t.
Nu khi lp rp kim tra trong mt mc no khng chng t c l
t chnh xc yu cu, K s c th yu cu thm cc khi lp rp kim tra m
khng phi tr thm chi ph.
Mi cng tc lp rp, k c to vng, nh tuyn, chnh xc ca cc l, v
kht ca cc mi ni phay phi c s chp thun ca K s trc khi bt u doa
hoc trc khi mt b lp rp kim tra khoan iu khin theo chng trnh c tho
ra.
Ch gii: Cc im c bit c th l cc cng ca cc gin xin chng hn.
Khi lp rp c u tin kim tra trc tin l cc on u ca mi loi kt cu chnh
phi ch to.
Ngoi cc khi lp rp kim tra khng yu cu lp rp xng

11.5.3.4 Cc lin kt hn ti hin trng
Vi cc lin kt hn ti hin trng, phi chun b vic lp khp cc cu kin k
c khong cch chnh xc ca cc cnh i u nhau hoc kim tra vi phn on lp
rp trc theo iu 11.5.3.1.

11.5.4 nh du khp nhau
Cc b phn lin kt lp rp trc trong xng m bo khp ng hin
trng phi nh du khp, v mt s cho bit cc du hiu phi c cung cp
cho K s.

11.5.5 Cc lin kt dng cc bu lng khng gia cng tinh, bu lng tin hoc bu
lng c g
11.5.5.1 Tng qut
Khi quy nh dng bu lng khng gia cng tinh, cc bu lng phi l bu lng
khng gia cng tinh, bu lng tin hoc bu lng c g ph hp vi cc bu lng cp A
ca Yu cu k thut i vi cc bu lng v inh neo bng thp carbon, ASTM A307
cng chu kp 60.0 ksi (cht ren ngoi bng thp carbon v thp hp kim h mt
ASTM F568M tnh cht cp 4.6, cng kp 400 MPa). Cc bu lng phi c cc ai
c t hm n hoc ai c kp tr khi c nu khc trong h s hp ng. Phi
dng cc vng m vt cho khi cc mt chu nn c mt dc ln hn 1:20 so vi
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 29 -

mt mt phng trc giao vi trc bu lng. Cc yu cu k thut ca iu ny khng lin
quan n vic s dng cc bu lng cng cao. Cc lin kt bng bu lng cng
cao phi ph hp vi iu 11.5.6 Lin kt bng bu lng cng cao.
11.5.5.2 Bu lng tin
B mt ca thn bu lng tin phi p ng gi tr mc nhm ANSI B46.1
bng 3,2 mm. Cc u v ai c bu lng phi l hnh lc gic vi cc kch thc tiu
chun i vi bu lng c kch c danh nh quy nh hoc c danh nh ln hn gn
nht. ng knh cc ren phi bng vi thn bu lng hoc ng knh danh nh ca
bu lng quy inh. Cc l cho bu lng tin phi doa cn thn vi cc bu lng c cung
cp c th ng nh cho va. Cc ren phi hon ton pha ngoi cc l. Phi b
tr mt vng m di ai c.
11.5.5.3 Bu lng c g
Thn cc bu lng c g phi c hnh dng c chp thun vi cc g dc lin
tc. ng knh ca thn o trn mt vng trn qua cc im ca g phi ln hn
2mm so vi ng knh danh nh quy nh i vi cc bu lng.
Phi cung cp cc bu lng c g vi cc u trn ph hp vi quy nh ca
ANSI B18.5 (ANSI B18.5.2.2M hoc B18.5.2.3M). ai c phi c hnh lc gic, c rnh
hoc c mt vng m c b dy ph hp. Cc bu lng c g phi ng cho va cc
l. cng cc g phi sao cho chng khng b nghin mn cho bu lng quay
trong l khi xit cht. Nu v l do no , bu lng b vn trc khi xit cht, l phi doa
cn thn v thay bng mt bu lng c c ln hn.

11.5.6 Cc lin kt dng bu lng cng cao
11.5.6.1 Tng qut
iu ny ni v lp rp cc mi ni kt cu s dng bu lng cng cao
AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)) hoc AASHTO
M253 (ASTM A490) (AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 409M)) hoc cc g lp tng
ng, lp t sao cho lc ko theo yu cu ca bu lng t c ti thiu nh quy
nh trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1. Cc bu lng c s dng trong cc l khoan ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca iu 11.4.8 L bu lng.
11.5.6.2 Cc b phn ghp bu lng
Tt c cc vt liu b bu lng kp phi l thp, khng c c vt liu no b kp
m c th nn c nh cc vng m hoc vng cch ly. Cc b phn bng thp
trong mi ghp bu lng phi khp cng vi nhau sau khi xit bu lng, v c th c
sn hoc khng sn. dc b mt ca cc b phn tip xc vi u bu lng hoc ai
c khng c vt qu 1:20 so vi mt phng vung gc vi trc bu lng.
11.5.6.3 Cc iu kin b mt
Lc lp rp, tt c cc b mt ghp ni, k c b mt tip xc vi u bu lng v
ai c, khng c c cc vy, tr vy cn cht, v khng c c bi t hoc vt
liu l khc. Cn phi ty b cc ra xm c th ngn cn cc b phn lin kit t chc
vo nhau trong iu kin xit cht.
c php sn trn b mt ta ma st bao gm cc mi ni nguy him trt khi
thit k theo iu 6.13.2 Lin kt bu lng ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Cc b mt ta ma st ca cc lin kt chng trt phi p ng cc yu cu
ca cc on sau y, tu theo trng hp:
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 30 -

Trong cc mi ni khng sn, phi loi b sn, k c cc ch sn phun
qu do v , sch khi cc khu vc nm cch mp bt k mt l bu lng
no cha ti mt ng knh bu lng nhng khng nh hn 25mm v tt
c cc khu vc nm trong s b tr bu lng.
Cc mi ni c quy nh c cc b mt ta ma st phi sn, th phi
thi sch v c sn loi sn c xc nh cht lng thuc loi A
hoc B theo cc yu cu ca iu 6.13.2.5 Chng trt ca Tiu chun
thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Cc mi ni sn khng c lp rp trc khi lp sn c bo dng
vi thi gian ti thiu dng trong th nghim xc nh cht lng.
Cc b mt ta ma st c quy nh m phi c m nng theo
AASHTO M111M/M111 (ASTM A123/A 123M) v sau phi lm nhm
bng bn chi si thp chi tay. Khng c php dng my chi si
thp.
Ch gii;
iu kin b mt tham kho iu 6.13.2 Lin kt bu lng v iu 6.13.2.8
Sc khng trt ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
11.5.6.4 Lp t
11.5.6.4.1 Tng qut
Trc khi vn chuyn v khi cc cu kin phi c lp rp v lp t, cc b
kp phi c s l thch hp bao gm s l v kh nng vn. Cc b lin kt ny phi
c bo v chng bi t v m ti a im lm vic. Ch c ly ra khi kho d
tr c bo v s lng b lin kt d kin phi lp v xit cht trong mt ca lm vic.
Cc b lin kt khng dng n phi tr li kho d tr lc ht ca. Cc b lin kt dng
trong mi ni chng trt b g hoc bi t tch li do cc iu kin hot ng hin
trng phi c ra sch v bi trn li trc khi lp t. Tt c cc ai c m km
phi c bi trn vi cht bi trn c mu nhn thy c. Cc bu lng thng phi
bi trn cm nhn c khi giao hng v lp rp. Bi trn trn cc b mt h phi loi
b trc khi sn.
Phi c mt thit b o lc ko bu lng (mt thit b nh chun Skidmore-
Wilhelm hoc thit b o lc ko bu lng khc c th chp nhn c) ti tt c cc v
tr lm vic ti cc bu lng cng cao ang c lp v xit cht. Thit b o lc
ko phi dng tin hnh th nghim kh nng quay v xc nhn:
s thch hp ca ton b b lin kt kep tho mn cc yu cu ca Bng
11.5.6.4.1-1, k c vic bi trn nu c yu cu s dng trong cng trnh,
hiu chnh cc c l vn neu c th p dng duoc,
vic hiu bit v s dng ng phng php lp dng ca t bt bu lng.
tin hnh th nghim hiu chnh c l vn vi cc bu lng chiu dy mi
ghp mng, c th dng cc dng c o trc tip lc ko (DTI) vi cc tm thp chc
chn thay cho thit b o lc ko. Trc ht thit b DTI phi kim tra vi mt bu lng
chiu dy mi ghp ln trong thit b nh chun Skidmore-Wilhelm hoc thit b tng
ng c chp thun. S ln ca th nghim xc nhn, s lng cc th nghim
phi tin hnh v phng php th nghim phi theo quy nh trong cc iu t
11.5.6.4.4 ti 11.5.6.4.7 tu theo trng hp p dng. chnh xc ca thit b o lc
kp phi c xc nhn bi mt c quan th nghim c chp thun t nht mi nm
mt ln.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 31 -

Cc bu lng v ai c cng vi cc vng m c c v cht lng quy nh
trong h s hp ng, c t v tr nh yu cu di y phi c t trong cc
l thng hng v xit cht bng mt trong cc phng php m t trong cc iu t
11.5.6.4.4 ti 11.5.6.4.7 ti mt lc ko t nnht bng lc ko ti thiu quy nh trong
Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1. Vic xit cht c th c lm bng cch quay bu lng trong khi ai
c c gi khng quay khi khng th thc hin c vic quay ai c. Nu s dng
cc c l vn xung kch, chng phi c kh nng tho ng v c cung cp kh
nn thc hin vic xit mi bu lng trong khong 10 giy.
Khng c s dng li cc bu lng AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490) (AASHTO M
253M (ASTM A 490M)) v cc bu lng m AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M
164M (ASTM A 325M)). Cc bu lng AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M
(ASTM A 325M)) khc c th s dng li nu c K s chp thun. Vic sa li
hoc xit li cc bu lng xit cht trc c th b lng ra do xit cc bu lng k
bn khng b xem l s dng li vi iu kin vic xit cht tip tc t v tr ban u v
khng yu cu quay ln hn, k c dung sai, so vi gc quay yu cu trong Bng
11.5.6.4.1-1
Cc bu lng phi c lp vo tt c cc l ca lin kt v lin kt phi t n
tnh trng vn cht. Vic vn cht phi lm dn mt cch c h thng t phn cng
nht ca lin kt n cc mp t do. Trnh t vn phi lp li cho n khi c lin kt
trong tnh trng cht.
Ch gii: Vn cht c ngha l mi lp ca lin kt tip xc chc chn.

Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1 Lc ko bu lng yu cu ti thiu . N

Kch c bu lng AASHTO M 164M
ASTM A 325M
AASHTO M 253M
ASTM A 490M
M10 91000 114000
M20 142000 179000
M22 176000 221000
M24 205000 257000
M27 267000 334000
M30 326000 408000
M36 475000 595000
Lc ko bu lng ti thiu phi ly bng 70% ca cng ko ti thiu quy nh
ca bu lng (quy nh trong Tiu chun ASTM v th nghim bu lng ng c A325 (A
325M) v A490 (A 490M) vi ren UNC (loi ren th h mt ANSI B1.13M) gia ti ko
dc trc) lm trn n 1000 N gn nht.

Bng 11.5.6.4.1-2 quay ai c theo iu kin vn cht i vi bu lng h mt
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 32 -

iu kin mt ngoi ca cc b phn bt bu lng
Chiu di bu lng
o t mt di
u bu lng ti
chn bu lng
C hai mt
u vung gc
vi trc bu
lng
Mt mt vung gc vi
trc bu lng, mt kia
nghing khng qu
1:20. Khng dng vng
m vt cnh
C hai mt u
nghing khng
qu 1:20.
Khng dng
vng m vt
cnh.
n 8 ln ng
knh
vng 2/3 vng 5/6 vng
Trn 8 ln ng
knh nhng khng
qu 12 ln ng
knh
2/3 vng 5/6 vng 1 vng

quay dng trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-2 phi ly s tng ng so vi bu lng, bt
k l cu kin (ai c hoc bu lng) c quay khng. Vi bu lng h mt: Sai s l
0
o
+30 cho bu lng lp vng; l -0
o
+45 cho bu lng lp 2/3 vng hoc hn.
Cc gi tr cho trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-2 ch c dng cho lin kt m mi vt
liu trong kp bu lng u l thp.
Khi m chiu di bu lng o t mt di u bu lng ti chn bu lng vt qu
12 ln ng knh, quay yu cu phi c xc nh bng th nghim thc vi thit
b cng ph hp m phng iu kin thc.
Ch gii: Cha c nghin cu no c thc hin bi Hi ng nghin cu cc
mi ni kt cu bng inh tn v bu lng xc nh phng php quay ai c khi
chiu di bu lng vt qu 12 ln ng knh.

11.5.6.4.2 Th nghim kh nng quay
Th nghim kh nng quay l bt buc i vi mi b lp rp bu lng. Cc lp
rp m phi c th sau khi m. Cc vng m phi c yu cu l mt phn ca
th nghim nhng chng c th khng c yu cu l mt phn ca quy trnh lp
dng. Phi p dng cc im sau y:
Noi cc thay i y, phi thc hin cc th nghim kh nng quay
theo cc yu cu ca AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M
(ASTM A 325M))
Mi t hp ca l sn phm bu lng, l ai c v l vng m phi c
th nghim nh mt b lp rp. Khi vng m khng c yu cu l mt
phn ca quy trnh lp dng th chng khng cn bao gm trong l nhn
dng.
Phi n nh s l th kh nng quay cho mi t hp cc l c th
nghim.
S ln th ti thiu phi l 2 b lp rp cho mt l th kh nng quay.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 33 -

i vi cc bu lng di tho mn thit b nh chun Skidmore-
Wilhelm, bu lng, ai c v vng m phi c lp vo thit b nh
chun Skidmore-Wilhelm hoc thit b tng ng khc.
Cc bu lng qu ngn th trn thit b nh chun Skidmore-Wilhelm
c th c th trong mi ni thp. Khng cn p dng yu cu v lc
ko trong phn sau. Momen xon yu cu 0.250 PD phi tnh vi gi tr
P bng lc ko trong th vn ly bng 1.15 ln lc ko ca bu lng trong
Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1.
Lc ko t c ln quay di y tc l lc ko ca th nghim
quay phi bng hoc ln hn 1,15 ln lc ko bu lng yu cu, tc lc
ko lp dng cho trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1.
Trong thit b o lc ko, quay ti thiu ca 10% ca lc ko yu cu
ti thiu phi l 2 ln s vng yu cu cho trong Bng 115.6.4.1-2 khng
b trt hoc t.
Ch gii: 10% ca lc ko yu cu ti thiu c gi thit l lm cho
kin kt trong tnh trng cht.
Sau khi vt lc ko lp dng theo yu cu trn phi ghi li s o
lc ko v mmen xon. Gi tr mmen xon phi tnh theo cng thc
sau:

M men xon 0,250 PD (11.5.6.4.2-1)
Trong :
Mmen xon = M men xon o c, N.mm.
P = Lc ko o c ca bu lng, N
D = ng knh bu lng, mm
11.5.6.4.3 Yu cu i vi vng m
Khi mt ngoi ca cc b phn c ghp bng bu lng c mt nghing ln
hn 1:20 so vi mt phng vung gc vi trc bu lng, phi dng mt vng m vt
cho ti cng b li su mt song song.
Phi yu cu dng cc vng m vt cho ti cng dng cho thp ch U v
cc dm tiu chun M. chng phi vung hoc ch nht, phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca AASHTO M293 (ASTM F436) (AASHTO M 293M (ASTM F 436M)) v phi
vut thon v b dy.
Khi cn thit, cc vmg m c th c ct trn mt pha ti mt im khng
gn hn 0,875 ln ng knh bu lng k t tm ca vng m.
Cc vng m ti cng khng cn dng i vi cc kin kt dng bu lng
AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)) v AASHTO M253
(ASTM A490) (AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 490M)) tr cc trng hp sau y:
Phi dng cc vng m ti cng di b phn b quay trong khi xit, khi
dng phng php cl hiu chnh xit.
Khng ph thuc vo phng php xit, phi dng vng m ti cng
di u bu lng v ai c khi cc bu lng AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490)
(AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 490M)) c lp trong vt liu c im chy
quy nh nh hn 275 MPa.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 34 -

Phi dng vng m ti cng ph php vi AASHTO M293 (ASTM F436)
(AASHTO M 293M (ASTM F 436M)) khi lp bu lng ng knh bt k
AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)) hoc
bu lng c ng knh bng hoc nh hn 24mm AASHTO M253 (ASTM
A490) (AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 490M)) trong cc l qu c hoc l c
x rnh ngn trong mt lp ngoi cng.
Khi dng bu lng AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490) (AASHTO M 253M
(ASTM A 490M)) c ng knh trn 24mm lp trong mt l qu c hoc
c x rnh ngn trong mt lp ngoi cng phi dng cc vng m ti
cng ph hp vi AASHTO M293 (ASTM F436) (AASHTO M 293M
(ASTM F 436M)) tr vi b dy ti thiu 8mm di u bu lng v ai c
thay cho cc vng m ti cng c b dy tiu chun. Khng c dng
nhiu vng m ti cng c tb dy tng cng bng hoc ln hn 8mm
tho mn yu cu ny.
Khi lp bu lng AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325) (AASHTO M 164M (ASTM
A 325M)) mi ng knh hoc bu lng AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490)
(AASHTO M 253M (ASTM A 490M)) ng knh bng hoc nh hn
24mm s lp vo cc l c rnh di ca lp thp ngoi cng th phi dng
mt tm m hoc mt thanh lin tc c b dy t nht bng 8mm c
khoan cc l tiu chun. Cc tm m v cc thanh ny phi c kch
thc ph hon ton rnh sau khi lp v phi bng vt liu loi kt
cu, nhng khng cn ti cng tr trng hp sau y.
Khi dng bu lng AASHTO M253 (ASTM A490) (AASHTO M 253M
(ASTM A 490M)) c ng knh trn 24mm c lp vo cc l x rnh
di ca cc lp thp bn ngoi, phi dng mt vng m n ti cng
ph hp vi AASHTO M293 (ASTM F436) (AASHTO M 293M (ASTM F
436M)) nhng c b dy ti thiu 24mm thay cho c vng m hoc
thanh bng vt liu kt cu. Khng c dng nhiu vng m ti cng
c b dy t hp bng hoc ln hn 8mm tho mn yu cu ny.
Cc yu cu i vi cc vng m quy nh y c th c tho mn vi
vic dng cc bu lng thit k khc p ng cc yu cu ca iu 11.3.2.6 Cc dng
c o lc c hnh dng mt vng trn chu nn trn u bu lng hoc ai c c ng
knh bng hoc ln hn ng knh cc vng m ti cng p ng cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M293 (ASTM F436) (AASHTO M 293M (ASTM F 436M)) v c th dng
khng cn vng m.
11.5.6.4.4 Phng php lp rp bng cch quay ai c
Khi s dng phng php lp rp bng cch quay ai c, khng cn vng m
ti cng, tr c th quy nh nhu trong iu 11.5.6.4.3.
Lc bt u cng vic, phi th nghim kim tra mt mu i din khng t hn
ba b bu lng ca mi loi ng knh, chiu di v cp s dng trong cng trnh bng
mt thit b c kh nng o lc ko bu lng. Th nghim kim tra phi chng minh rng
phng php c t th bt bu lng s dng t c iu kin cht ch va
v khng ch s vng quay t lc cht va n mt lc ko ln hn lc ko yu
cu trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1 khng t hn 5%. Khi K s ra lnh phi th li theo chu
k.
Sau khi xit cht, tt c cc bu lng trong lin kt phi xit cht thm vi s vng
quay quy nh trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1. Trong thao tc xit cht, b phn khng c
vn bng c l khng c quay. Vic xit cht phi tin hnh mt cch c h thng t
phn cng nht ca mi ni ra ti cc mp t do.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 35 -

11.5.6.4.5 Phng php lp bng c l hiu chnh
Ch c s dng phng php lp bng c l hiu chnh trn c s cc thit b
oc hiu chnh hng ngy v khi dng mt vng m ti cng di b phn b quay
trong khi xit cht. Khng chp nhn cc mmen xon tiu chun c xc nh t cac
bang hoc t cc cng thc c dng lin h mmen xon vi lc ko.
Khi dng c l hiu chnh lp, chung phi c chnh to ra mt lc ko
ln hn lc ko ti thiu quy nh trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1 khng t hn 5%. Trnh t
lp phi hiu chnh bng th nghim hiu chnh t nht mt ln mi ngy lm vic i
vi mi b lp rp bu lng c s dng trong cng trnh. Vic th nghim hiu chnh
phi thc hin vi mt thit b c kh nng o lc ko thc t ca bu lng bng cch
xit ba b lp rp bu lng in hnh ca mi l. Bu lng, ai c v vng m trong cu
kin c vn phi ly mu t cc l sn phm. Cc c l phi hiu chnh li khi nhn
thy c s khc nhau ng k trong iu kin be mt ca bu lng, ren, ai c hoc
vng m. Trong khi lp t thc t trong kt cu thp lp ghp, phi kim tra la chn
vic hiu chnh c l sao cho khng to ra s vng quay ca ai c hoc u bu lng
t lc xit cht va ln hn s vng quay quy nh trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-2. Nu
dng c l xon quay tay, phi quay cc ai theo phng xit cht khi o mmen xon.
Khi dng c l hiu chnh lp v ko cc bu lng trong mt lin kt, cc bu
lng phi lp mt vng m ti cng di b phn b quay. Sau thao tc xit u tin
ny, lin kt phi xit bng c l hiu chnh. Vic xit phi tin hnh c h thng t
phn cng nht ca mi ni ti cc mp t do. Phi dng c l quay li sa cc
bu lng xit trc c th b lng ra do xit cc bu lng k bn sau cho ti khi tt
c cc bu lng c xit cht ti mc quy nh.
11.5.6.4.6 Phng php lp cc bu lng thit k khc
Khi lp bng cc bu lng c c im thit k d nh l o gin tip lc ko ca
bu lng qua m men xon hoc t ng cho lc ko yu cu theo Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1 v
c xc nh cht lng theo iu 11.3.2.5 Cc lin kt khc, phi kim tra mt
mu i din khng t hn ba b bu lng ca mi ng knh, chiu di v cp c
dng ti a im lm vic bng mt thit b c kh nng o lc ko ca bu lng. B bu
lng th nghim bao gm c cc vng m ti cng phng nu c yu cu trong lin
kt thc t, c b tr nh trong lin kt thc t c ko. Th nghim hiu chnh
phi chng minh rng mi bu lng to ra mt lc ko ln hn lc ko quy nh trong
Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1 khng di 5%. Phi theo phng php lp ca nh sn xut lp
cc bu lng trong thit b hiu chnh v trong tt c cc lin kt. Phi th li theo chu k
khi c lnh ca K s.
Khi s dng cc bu lng thit k khc vi mc ch kim tra hoc o lc ko ca
bu lng, phi t cc bu lng trong tt c cc l ca lin kt v xit ban u lm
cho tt c cc tm thp ghp trong mi ni tip xc cht ch vi nhau nhng khng lm
chy hoc gy b phn kim tra hoc o lc ko ca bu lng. Sau tt c cc bu lng
phi xit cht thm, tin hnh c h thng t phn cng nht ca lin kt ti cc mp
t do theo mt cch gim n ti thiu vic ni lng cc bu lng a xit cht trc.
Trong mt vi trng hp, vic ko bu lng mt cch ng mc c th cn n nhiu
ln xit cht mt phn c h thng trc khi xon t cui cng b phn kim tra hoc
o lc ko ca tng bu lng. Nu chy v gy xy ra trc ln ko cui cng th b bu
lng phi thay bng b mi.

11.5.6.4.7 Phng php lp o trc tip lc ko
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 36 -

Khi dng thit b o trc tip lc ko (DTI) tho mn cc yu cu ca iu
11.3.2.6 vi bu lng cng cao cho lc ko ca bu lng, chng phi c th
nghim hiu chnh nh m t di y v lp theo phng php quy nh di y.
Tr khi K s h s chp thun khc i, thit b DTI phi t pha di u bu lng v
ai c c vn ti lc bu lng b ko. Phi theo khuyn co ca nh sn xut nh
hng ng DTI v cc vng m ph nu yu cu s dng chnh xc DTI. c
php lp DTI vo mt cu kin vn nu dng mt vng m ngn cch cu kin
vn vi DTI.
Ch gii: Quy trnh c trong ASTM F959 (ASTM F 959M) c thit k nhm
cung cp mt phng php d dng khi dng DTI cho lc ko bu lng chnh xc.
DTI o ti trng bng cch p cc u nh trong DTI vi s gim tng ng v khong
trng khng gian gia cc u nh. Phng php o da trn chun s l DTI vi mt
na hoc hn ca cc khong trng ca n nh hn 0,125mm cho thy lc ko bu lng
t trn lc ko yu cu ti thiu. hiu chnh DTI p ng c tnh nng , DTI
c kim tra vi 1,05 ln lc ko lp rp yu cu. Mt na t hn ca cc khong
trng phi ln hn 0,125mm ti trng ny. Do , trong kt cu nu mt na hoc
hn ca cc khong trng nh hn 0,125mm (s chi ln hn mt na s khng
gian) th bu lng c lp ng lc cng ln hn lc cng lp rp yu cu ti thiu.
Mt gii hn trn ca bin dng DTI c php trong kt cu c t ra
m bo h hng bu lng khng xy ra trong khi lp rp. Mt khong trng c th nhn
thy phi tn ti mi khng gian sau khi lp rp. i hi ny l cn thit v ASTM
F959 (ASTM F959M) chp nhn DTI vi khong trng trung bnh 0,4mm v ti trng
ln hn lc ko yu cu ti thiu. Do ti trng c yu cu lm gim cc
khong trng ti di 0,125mm c th vt qu cng ko ti thiu ca b lp rp
bu lng. Kh nng ca bu lng cho php khong trng nh ny c xc nh bng
mt trong hai cch. Cch n gin nht l vn ai lc vo ren bng tay. Nu ai c c
th lp ht chiu di ren, bu lng khng b bin dng do ng k, do lc ko yu
cu s nh hn nhiu cng lp rp ca b bu lng. Nu bu lng khng vt qua
c th nghim bin dng do ny th ti trng phi nh hn 95% ca ti trng trung
bnh o c cui th nghim kh nng quay cho l th kh nng quay ca b bu
lng. Ch l kh nng quay ca b bu lng c th nh hn cng ko yu cu ti
thiu ca bu lng do cng ko b gim khi m men xon tc ng ln bu lng khi
xit cht.

11.5.6.4.7a Kim tra
Th nghim kim tra phi thc hin vi mt thit b o lc ko bu lng hiu
chnh. Phi dng mt tm chm thay cho tm chm gi u bu lng bnh thng. Cn
3 th nghim kim tra cho mi t hp l lp rp bu lng kim tra kh nng quay, l DTI
v v tr ca DTI so vi cu kin c vn (u bu lng hoc ai c) c dng trong
d n. Phi lp t b lp rp bu lng trong thit b o lc ko vi DTI c t trn
cng v tr nh trong cng trnh. Cu kin nh khng cho dch chuyn (bu lng hoc ai
c) phi gi khng cho xoay.
Th nghim kim tra phi tin hnh theo hai giai on. ai c ca bu lng v
DTI phi lp sao cho t nht c 3 bc ren v tt hn l khng t hn 5 bc ren nm
gia mt chu p ca ai c v u bu lng. Trc tin bu lng phi ko ti ti trng
bng con s cho trong Bng 11.5.6.4.7a-1 di lc ko kim tra theo cp v ng
knh bu lng. Nu dng c l xung kch, lc ko pht trin bng c l xung kch khng
c ln hn 2/3 lc ko yu cu. Do , phi dng mt c l cm tay vn t
c lc ko yu cu. Cn ghi chp s chi ca dng c o khe h hnh nm
0,125mm trong khong khng gia cc mu nh. S chi ca DTI khng sn di
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 37 -

cu kin c nh hoc cu kin vn, hoc ca DTI sn di cu kin c nh khng
c vt qu s chi kim tra ti a cho trong Bng 11.5.6.4.7a-1 theo cp v
ng knh bu lng c dng. S chi kim tra ti a vi DTI sn (m, sn, sn
epoxy) khi dng cho cu kin vn khng c nhiu hn s khong khng trn DTI tr
mt. Phi loi b l DTI nu s chi vt qua s cho trong bng, hoc vi DTI sn
nu dng c o b chi mi khng gian.
Sau khi ghi chp s chi ti trng kim tra, bu lng phi ko tip ti dng
c o khe h 0,125mm b t chi mi khng gian v khong trng nhn thy c t
nht l mt khng gian. Ti trng tnh trng ny c ghi li v bu lng c tho
khi thit b o lc ko. ai c phi tho c bng tay cho ton chiu di ren ca bu
lng khng bao gm ren t tho. Nu ai c khng tho c vi chiu di ren ny, l
DTI phi loi b tr khi ti trng ghi c nh hn 95% ca ti trng trung bnh ghi
c trong th nghim kh nng quay ca l bu lng quy nh trong iu 11.5.6.4.2
Th nghim kh nng quay.
Nu bu lng qu ngn th trong thit b hiu chnh, l DTI phi c kim tra
vi mt bu lng di trn thit b hiu chnh xc nh s chi lc ko kim tra ghi
trong Bng 11.5.6.4.7a-1. S chi khng c vt qu s chi kim tra ti a
trong Bng 11.5.6.4.7a-1. Mt DTI trong cng l sau phi kim tra vi bu lng ngn
trong mt l thun tin trong cng trnh. Bu lng phi c ko n dng c o khe h
0,125mm b t chi mi khng gian v khong trng nhn thy c t nht l mt
khng gian. Sau bu lng dc tho khi thit b o lc ko v ai c phi tho c
bng tay cho ton chiu di ren ca bu lng khng bao gm ren t tho. Nu ai c
khng tho c vi chiu di ren ny, l DTI phi loi b.
Bng 11.5.6.4.7a-1 Cc yu cu i vi thit b o trc tip lc ko
Lc ko kim tra
N
chi kim tra
ti a
S khng gian
DTI
S chi lp
t ti thiu
Kch
thc
bu
lng
Loi 8.8 Loi 10.9 Loi 8.8 Loi
10.9
Loi 8.8 Loi
10.9
Loi 8.8 Loi
10.9
M16 96000 120000 1 1 4 4 2 2
M20 149000 188000 2 2 5 6 3 3
M22 185000 232000 2 2 5 6 3 3
M24 215000 270000 2 2 5 6 3 3
M27 280000 351000 2 3 6 7 3 4
M30 342000 428000 3 3 7 8 4 4
M36 499000 625000 3 4 8 9 4 5
Ch gii: Mc ch ca th nghim kim tra l m bo rng bu lng cng cao
xit cht s t mc bng hoc hn lc ko lp t mong mun khi mt na hoc
hn khng gian trong DTI c khe trng nh hn 0,125mm v bu lng s khng c bin
dng do qu mc ng vi khe trng cho php ti thiu trong d n.

11.5.6.4.7b Lp t
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 38 -

Vic lp rp cc lin kt bu lng cng cao bng DTI phi tin hnh theo hai
giai on. Cu kin ng yn phi c gi khng cho xoay trong mi giai on lp
rp. Trc ht lin kt phi c xit vi cc bu lng c lp vo tt c cc l ca
lin kt v ko tt c cc lp bn thp ca lin kt c tip xc cht ch vi
nhau. S khong h m dng c o khe h 0,125mm t chi trong DTI sau khi vn
khng vt qu s chi kim tra ti a trong Bng 11.5.6.4.7a-1. Nu s chi
vt qu tr s trong bng ny, b bu lng phi tho ra, lp mt DTI khc v xit.
i vi DTI khng sn dng di cu kin ng yn hoc cu kin c vn v
i vi DTI sn dng di cu kin ng yn, cc bu lng phi c ko tip ti s
chi ca dng c o khe h 0,125mm bng hoc ln hn s chi lp t ti thiu
trong Bng 11.5.6.4.7a-1. Nu bu lng c ko ti khng cn khe h khng gian no
nhn thy c, bu lng v DTI phi tho ra v thay bng bu lng c ko mi v DTI
mi mt cch thch hp.
Khi DTI sn (m, sn hoc sn epoxy) c dng di cu kin vn, thit b o
khe h 0,125mm phi b t chi mi khe h.
Ch gii: Vic xit cu kin vo DTI s lm gim khong trng tng ng vi
lc ko cho v lm cho DTI biu th mt ti trng ln hn ti trng hin c trong bu
lng.
V lc ko bu lng c th t chng trong khi vn cc bu lng lin k, s chi
sau khi xit i hi khng vt qu s ti a c php trong khi kim tra.
DTI khng hi phc khi lc cng bu lng gim. Nu mt DTI vt qu s chi
khng c thay ra, n c th biu th sai v lc ko bu lng.
Mt khong trng nhn thy c phi c duy tr bt k khng gian no sau
khi lp rp m bo rng cc bu lng khng c ko ti cng cc hn ca n.
11.5.6.4.8 Cht hm v bulon tn
Vic lp t cc cht hm v bulon tn phi theo cc phng php v trnh t
c K s chp thun.
11.5.6.4.9 Kim tra
11.5.6.4.9a Tng qut
K s phi xc nh cc yu cu ca iu 11.5.6.4.9a v 11.5.6.4.9b sau y
c tho mn trong cng trnh.
11.5.6.4.9b Trch nhim ca K s
Trc khi lp bu lng vo cng trnh K s phi:
kim tra vic nh du, iu kin b mt v vic lu kho bu lng, ai c,
vng m v DTI nu chng c dng v b mt c mi ca cc mi
ni ph hp vi cc yu cu ca cc iu 11.3.2, 11.5.6.1 v 11.5.6.4.1,
xem xt cc trnh t hiu chnh v/hoc th nghim ra trong cc iu
11.5.6.4.4 n 11.5.6.4.7 ni thch hp, khng nh trnh t c chn
phi c dng ng n v khi lm ng cc lin kt bu lng c cung
cp lc ko quy nh trong Bng 11.5.6.4.1-1 s c trin khai.
K s phi gim st vic lp bu lng ca cng trnh m bo rng phng
php lp rp c chn, nh c chng minh cc th nghim ban u trin
khai lc ko quy nh, c lm theo mt cch bnh thng.
11.5.6.4.9c Trnh t kim tra
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 39 -

Hoc K s hoc Nh thu vi s c mt ca K s tu theo s la chn ca
K s, phi kim tra vic xit bu lng bng c l vn kim tra, tr khi phi dng cc loi
bu lng v thit b o lc ko trc tip khc c dng, cho php kim tra bng cc
phng php khc. Th nghim kim tra cn tin hnh trc khi bi trn b mt hoc
g nh hng ti m men xon.
Phi t ring r ba bu lng c cng cp, c v iu kin nh cc bu lng phi
kim tra trong mt thit b c hiu chnh o lc ko ca bu lng. Thao tc hiu
chnh ny phi lm t nht mi ngy kim tra mt ln. Phi c mt vng m di phn
quay khi xit cht mi bu lng nu c dng vng m trong kt cu. Nu trong kt cu
khng dng vng m, vt liu dng trong thit b o lc ko chm u vi phn quay
phi cng l tiu chun s dng trn kt cu. Trong thit b c hiu chnh, mi bu
lng phi xit bng mt bin php thch hp vi lc ko quy nh. C l kim tra sau
c tc ng vo bu lng xit cht xc nh m men xon cn thit quay ai
c hoc m bu lng 5
o
(25mm vi mt bn knh 300mm) theo phng xit cht. Phi
ly m men xon trung bnh ca m men xon yu cu i vi tt c ba bu lng lm m
men xon kim tra ti ch.
Mi phn trm (t nht hai) cc bu lng xit cht trn kt cu c i din
bi cc bu lng th c chn la mt cch ngu nhin trong mi lin kt. Sau tc
ng m men xon kim tra ti ch vo mi bu lng bng cch quay c l kim tra theo
chiu xit cht. Nu m men xon ny khng lm quay u bu lng hoc ai c, cc bu
lng trong lin kt c xem l xit cht ng cch. Nu m men xon ny lm
quay mt hoc nhiu m bu lng hoc ai c, khi phi tc ng m men xon kim
tra ti ch vo tt c cc bu lng trong lin kt. Bt k bu lng no c u bu lng hoc
ai c b quay trong giai on ny phi xit cht v kim tra li. Tuy nhin Nh thu c
th xit cht li tt c cc bu lng trong lin kt v np li kim tra chng no m
DTI khng b ko qu v b lp rp bu lng khng b h hng.
Ch gii: Khong thi gian 24 gi lm cc th nghim kim tra vic lp bu
lng theo yu cu ca cc ln xut bn trc y ca Phn 1 ca Tiu chun cu c
coi l qu nghim ngt. Bi v cc hiu ng mt bi trn hoc g ban u trn cc ren
bn trong ca bu lng c lp rp ph thuc vo iu kin mi trng ti ch,
quyt nh l khong cch thi gian gia lp rp v kim tra dnh cho K s/Nh thu
quyt nh hn l quy nh mt thi gian c nh cho mi ni.
Khi m khong cch thi gian gia lp rp (tra bu lng) v ko ln cui nhiu
hn 10 ngy, b lp rp bu lng mu cn tho khi lin kt c ko. t nht 3 b lp
rp cho mi kch c v chiu di bu lng cn c dng kim tra rng vic mt bi
trn s khng cn tr vic t c lc ko yu cu . Cc b ny cn dng thit lp
m men xon kim tra. Th nghim kh nng xoay trn b mu c th dng chng
minh b lp rp c c ko tho ng hay khng.
Sau khi cc b lp rp hoc c coi l chp nhn c da trn th nghim
b sung Rocap hoc c thay th, tt c cn c vn cht v xit bng phng
php c chn,. Sau Nh thu cn tc ng m men xon kim tra ph hp cho t
nht 10% s bu lng bi xit chm vi s c mt ca i din Ch u t. Bt k b bu
lng no b xoay bi c l xon cho thy l khng xit cht tho ng, bu lng cn
tho ra v kim tra try xc hoc cc du hiu bi trn khng tt khc. Nhiu bu lng
khc cn c kim tra bng c l xon cho ti khi i din Ch u t tho mn vi
vic cc bu lng c xit tt. Tt c cc bu lng trong cng lin kt cn c chiu di
u th ra xp x bng nhau. Bt k bu lng no c u th ra di hoc ngn hn ng
k so vi cc bu lng khc cn tho ra v thay mi, tr khi Nh thu gii thch c s
thay i ny.

PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 40 -

11.5.7 Hn
Vic hn, xc nh cht lng mi hn, xc nh cht lng trc cc chi tit
c hn v kim tra cc mi hn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Quy tc hn cu
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5.
Cc tai treo, cc mc, cc dng c chuyn ch hoc cc vt liu khc khng yu
cu trong h s hp ng khng c hn hoc nh vo bt c cu kin no tr khi
c ghi trong h s hp ng v c K su chp thun.

11.6 LP DNG

11.6.1 Tng qut
Nh thu phi b tr mi dng c my mc v thit b cn thit lp dng kt
cu.
gio v vn khun phi theo cc yu cu ca Phn 3 Cng trnh tm.

11.6.2 Bc xp v ct gi vat liu
Vt liu ct gi ti a im lm vic phi t trn cc gi trt bn trn mt t.
Chng phi c gi sch s v thot nc tt. Cc dm t hp v dm phi t
thng ng v chng . Cc cu kin di nh cc ct v thanh m gin phi k trn
cc gi trt t gn nhau chng khng b hng do vng. Nu h s hp ng
ch ring cho lp dng, Nh thu phi kim tra vt liu giao cho h i chiu vi cc
danh mc chuyn ch v bo co ngay bng vn bn v mi h hng v mt mt pht
hin c. Nh thu phi chu trch nhim v bt k h hng hoc mt mt vt liu
no sau khi nhn.

11.6.3 Gi cu v neo
Cc gi cu phi c cung cp v lp t theo Phn 18 Gi cu.
Nu kt cu thp phn trn c t trn mt kt cu phn di c xy dng
theo mt hp ng ring, Nh thu phi kim tra vt xy c c thi cng ng v tr
v c cc tuyn v cao chnh xc khng, trc khi t hng vt liu.

11.6.4 Phng php lp dng
11.6.4.1 Ph hp vi cc bn v
Phng thc lp dng phi ph hp vi cc bn v lp dng np theo iu
11.2.2. Mi sa i hoc khc vi phng thc lp dng cn phi c cc bn v
sa i v kim tra ng sut v hnh hc.
11.6.4.2 Cc ng sut lp dng
Mi ng sut lp dng pht sinh trong kt cu do vic s dng mt phng
php lp dng hoc thit b khc vi cc loi cho trong h s hp ng phi c
Nh thu xt n. Cc tnh ton thit k lp dng cho nhng phng php thay i ny
phi do Nh thu chun b vi chi ph ca h v trnh K s. Cc tnh ton phi cho bit
mi thay i v ng sut hoc thay i v s lm vic ca kt cu tm v kt cu cui
cng. Nh thu c th b tr thm vt liu do h chu kinh ph gi cho cc ng sut
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 41 -

tm thi cng nh ng sut cui cng nm trong cc gii hn cho php s dng trong
tnh ton.
Nh thu phi chu trch nhim b tr cc ging chng tm thi v cc trang b
tng thm cng thch ng vi cc ng sut cu lp trong cc cu kin ring l
hoc cc phn on kt cu trong khi lp dng.
11.6.4.3 Duy tr tuyn tim v vng
Trong khi lp dng, Nh thu phi chu trch nhim cc phn on kt cu
th no to ra tuyn tim v vng chnh xc ca kt cu hon thnh. Phi lp
dng cc khung ngang v cc ging cho cn thit khi lp dng to ra n nh v
m bo hnh dng chnh xc. Nh thu phi b tr cc ging chng tm nu cn thit
ti mi giai on lp dng.

11.6.5 Lp rp hin trng
Cc b phn phi lp rp chnh xc nh ch r trong h s hp ng hoc
bn v lp dng v phi theo ng cc du hiu n khp nhau. Vt liu phi c
nng cu cn thn khng b phn no b cong, gy hoc b h hng khc. Khng
c dng ba g lm h hng hoc lm mo m cc cu kin. Cc b mt ta v cc
b mt thng xuyn tip xc vi nhau phi lm sch trc khi cc cu kin c lp
rp. Cc mi ni v lin kt hin trng phi c mt na s l lp bu lng v cc cht
lp rp hnh tr (na bu lng v na cht) trc khi lp dng v xit cht phn cn li
bng bu lng cng cao. Cc mi ni v lin kt chu ti trng xe trong khi lp dng
phi c ba phn t s l c lp bu lng v cht.
Cc bu lng lp rp c th l loi nh bu lng cng cao dng lp chnh
thc. Nu dng cc loi bu lng lp rp khc, chng phi c cng ng knh danh
nh nh cc bu lng cng cao v cc cht lp rp hnh tr v phi ln hn
0,8mm.

11.6.6 Cc lin kt bng cht (con li)
Phi dng cc ai c dn hng v dn ng khi ng cc cht. Nh thu phi
cung cp cc ai c ny khng thu ph. Cc cht phi c ng sao cho cc cu kin
ta hon ton trn chng. Cc ai c ca cht phi bt cht v cc ren c g xm
mt ai c phi c i bng mt c nhn.

11.6.7 Cc sai st trong lp dng
Vic sa cha cc sai st nh cn c doa, ct, mi v c vi khi lng nh
c xem l hp php khi lp dng. Tuy nhin, mi sai lm trong vic ch to trong
xng hoc b bin dng do cu lp vn chuyn s l l do loi b.
Nh thu phi chu trch nhim v mi sai st, sai lm v h hi phi sa cha
hoc thay th khi cn thit.


11.7.1 Phng php o c
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 42 -

Cc khi lng thanh ton cho mi loi st v tho c o bng kilogram tnh
t cc kch thc cho trong h s hp ng bng cch s dng cc quy tc v gi
nh trong Bng 11.7.1-1:

Bng 11.7.1-1 Trng lng n v ca st v thp
Trng lng n v , Kg/m3
Gang 7130
St do 7530
St ren 7800
Thp cn hoc c 7850

Trng lng ca thp hnh cn phi tnh trn c s trng lng danh nh ca
chng cho mi mt nh cho trong h s hp ng hoc trong cc s tay.
Trng lng ca thp tm phi tnh trn c s khi lng danh nh i vi b
rng v b dy cho trong h s hp ng, cng thm mt s lng tha c tnh
bng mt na Bin ng cho php v b dy v trng lng c lp bng trong
Tiu chun Cc yu cu chung v vic giao thp cn nh thp tm, thp hnh, cc
thp v thp thanh dng cho kt cu AASHTO M 160M/M160 (ASTM A6/A 6M).
Trng lng cc vt c phi tnh t cc kch thc cho trn bn v phn
xng c chp thun, tr cc l h. Phi cng thm vo trng lng ny 5% xt
n cc g ch v lng tha. C th ly trng lng cn thay cho trng lng tnh
ton trong trng hp cc vt c hoc cc b phn nh phc tp m vic tnh ton
chnh xc trng lng ca chng c kh khn.
Khng c tnh trng lng cc bu lng lp rp tm thi, sn trong phn
xng v hin trng, hp, st v cc thng cha khc dng vn chuyn, v vt
liu dng cc cu kin trong khi vn chuyn v lp dng.
Trng lng ca bt c vt liu thm no yu cu theo iu 11.6.4.2 ng sut
lp dng p ng cc ng sut lp dng do phng php lp dng m Nh thu
chn cng khng c tnh vo.
Khi tnh trng lng thanh ton trn c s trng lng tnh ton thc phi p
dng cc quy nh sau y ngoi cc iu quy nh trn:
Trng lng phi tnh trn c s cc kch thc hon thin thc ca cc
b phn nh cho trong h s hp ng, tr i cc ch li, cc ch ct,
xn v tt c cc l h, tr l bu lng. ..................................................
Trng lng ca cc u bu lng, ai c, vng m n, v cc u ren
thi ra ca tt c cc bu lng cng ko cao c trong xng v hin
trng u phi tnh n trn c s cc trng lng quy nh trong Bng
11.7.1-2.

PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 43 -

Bng 11.7.1-2 Trng lng cho 100 bu lng
Kch c bu lng Trng lng cho 100 bu
lng, kg
M16
M20
M22
M24
M27
M32
M36
14.4
23.8
36.5
53.0
75.0
96.4
127.3
Trng lng cc mi hn phi theo quy nh trong Bng 11.7.1-3:

Bng 11.7.1-3 Trng lng cc mi hn
C mi hn Trng lng, kg/m
5
6
8
10
12
16
20
22
25
0.12
0.21
0.33
0.45
0.82
1.19
1.64
2.23
2.98

xc nh khi lng thanh ton ca kim loi m, trng lng phi
thm vo trng lng tnh ton ca vt liu c bn do vic m xc nh t
trng lng cc lp km quy nh trong AASHTO M111M/M111 (ASTM
A123/A 123M).
Khng xt n trng lng sn.

11.7.2 C s thanh ton
Gi hp ng ch to v lp dng thp kt cu phi c xem l n b y
cho ch ph i vi mi nhn cng, thit b, vt liu, vn chuyn, v sn trong phn
xng v hin trng, nu khng c quy nh khc, cn thit cho vic hon thnh
ng n cng vic ph hp vi h s hp ng. Gi hp ng i vi vic ch to
khng lp dng c xem l n b y cho chi ph ca mi lao ng, thit b v vt
liu cn thit cho vic hon thnh ng n cng vic, ngoi vic lp dng v lp rp
hin trng, ph hp vi h s hp ng.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 44 -

Theo cc h s hp ng c mt hng mc i vi thp kt cu, tt c cc b
phn kim loi ngoi ct thp cho b tng, nh cc bu lng neo v ai c, , gi, con
lc, con ln, cc tm gi v tm thp bn, cht v ai c, cc g gin n, cc rnh v
ng thot nc mt ng, kim loi hn, bu lng chn trong be tng, gi v gi
treo, lan can, v cc ct lan can phi thanh ton nh thp kt cu tr khi c quy inh
khc.
Vic thanh ton c thc hin theo gi mt n v khi lng hoc trn c s
mt tng s tnh gp theo yu cu ca cc iu khon ca hp ng, nhng trc khi
c quy nh khc, phi thanh ton trn c s gi mt n v khi lng. Vi cc cu
kin gm c thp carbon v loi thp hoc vt liu c bit khc, khi c cc n gi
ring cho tng loi, trng lng ca mi loi thp trong mi cu kin nh vy phi
c tnh ring v v vy c thanh ton theo mi n v hp ng.
Cc cu kin nguyn c phi th theo h s hp ng, khi h s hp ng yu
cu cc th nghim cc cu kin nguyn c, cc cu kin phi c thanh ton vi
cng mt mc nh i vi cc cu kin tng t i vi kt cu. Chi ph th nghim
bao gm c thit b, nhn lc v ph ph phi c tnh c trong gi hp ng i vi
thp kt cu. Cc cu kin khng p ng cc yu cu ca h s hp ng, v cc
cu kin b loi b theo kt qu th nghim, khng c Ch u t thanh ton

11.8 CC QUY NH B SUNG CHO DM THP CONG

11.8.1 Tng qut
Cc quy nh ny p dng cho cc dm cong nm ngang v phi xem xt b
sung cho cc quy nh khc ca Tiu chun. Tuy nhin, khi c mu thun gia cc quy
dnh ny cho dm cong v cc quy nh khc ca Tiu chun th phi dng cc quy
nh ny.
Nh thu phi dng cc quy nh ny thit lp k hoch thi cng nh yu cu
y.
11.8.1.1 Phm vi
Phi p dng cc quy nh ny cho kt cu phn trn bao gm ch to, vn
chuyn lp dng cc dm, khung ngang v cc b phn thp kt cu khc v b
tng mt cu.

11.8.2 K hoch thi cng ca nh thu i vi cu dm cong
K hoch thi cng ca K s, nu c th hin trong h s hp ng, khng
c coi l thay th hoc gi cho bt k s thay th trch nhim no ca Nh thu v
ch to, lp dng hoc thi cng bt k b phn no ca cu.
Nh thu phi cung cp k hoch thi cng nu chi tit v cch ch to, trnh t
lp dng v lp mt cu, y n c coi l k hoch thi cng ca Nh thu. K
hoch ny c th da vo k hoch cho trong h s hp ng, nu n c Nh thu
cung cp hoc c th hon ton do Nh thu lp. Trong trng hp no cng phi
chng minh c tnh n nh chung ca kt cu v cc b phn ring l trong mi giai
on thi cng bao gm c khi ta ln cc kch tm. K s chuyn nghip (ca nh
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 45 -

thu) phi k v ng du ln k hoch thi cng v c Ch u t chp thun. Khi
k hoch thi cng ca Nh thu c vng do tnh ti ca dm khc vi vng th
hin trong h s hp ng phi c Ch u t chp thun trc khi bt u ch to.
K hoch thi cng ca Nh thu phi bao gm:
Quy trnh ch to, bao gm phng php lm dm cong,
Trong lng, chiu di, chiu rng v chiu cao vn chuyn v phng tin vn
chuyn,
K hoch lp dng, bao gm trnh t lp dng, nng lc cn cu, v tr, nng lc
v cao ca mi im tm, v
Trnh t mt cu, bao gm thi gian gia cc ln ; ln v v tr ca bt
k ti trng tm cn thit no phng dm b nng ln cc gi.

Phi cp cc bn tnh ch r cc ng sut thi cng nhn h s tho mn cc
yu cu ca cc iu 6.10.3 hoc 6.11.3 Tnh thi cng c ca Tiu chun thit k
cu AASHTO LRFD khi thch hp.
Ch gii: K hoch thi cng ca K s nu c th hin trong h s hp ng
th hin k hoch thi cng c xem xt trong thit k cu ch l mt cch thi cng cu
c th. Song khng yu cu Nh thu, nh ch to, nh lp dng xy dng cu theo k
hoch a ra K s chp thun ny.
K hoch thi cng trong h s hp ng ch r nhng xem xt no c thc
hin trong thit k. Trong hu ht cc trng hp k hoch thi cng thc t ca cu
khng th c nhng khc bit ng k so vi k hoch thi cng ca K s n ni phi
thit k li cu.
Du sao h s hp ng c th cung cp k hoch thi cng, Nh thu chu trch
nhim v k hoch thi cng ca h thm ch khng c sa i no i vi k hoch thi
cng cho trong h s hp ng. K hoch thi cng ca Nh thu phi chi tit hn k
hoch thi cng cho trong h s hp ng.
Do tnh phc tp ca cu dm cong nn k hoch thi cng ca Nh thu phi
c k s chuyn nghip k v ng du.

11.8.3 Ch to
11.8.3.1 Tng qut
Nh ch to phi m bo l thp c th c lp trong iu kin khng ti tr
khi c quy nh khc trong k hoch thi cng.
11.8.3.2 Cu lp
Cc thp hnh v thp tm cn bao gm cc cnh v bng phi c cu lp
sao cho trnh c cc bin dng nhn thy c hoc h hng ngu nhin khc.
11.8.3.3 Dm
11.8.3.3.1 Dm I cn
C th t c cong ngang bng cch un nng khi ng sut chy do ti
thiu theo quy nh ca thp khng vt qu 345 MPa hoc khi dng thp cp HPS
70W (Cp HPS 485W).
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 46 -

Dm un nng phi tin hnh ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 10.15 Un
nng dm cn v dm bn hn ca Tiu chun k thut cu ng b ca AASHTO
ln xut bn th 17, Phn tiu chun thit k v iu 11.4.12 ca tiu chun ny.
Ch u t phi xc nh s cn thit lm vng b sung quy nh trong iu
10.15.3 vng ca Tiu chun k thut cu ng t ca AASHTO, ln xut bn
th 17, Phn Tiu chun thit k.
Ch gii:
Nghin cu ch ra rng un nng khng c hiu ng c hi ti cng mi
ca dm hoc dm t hp cong.
(Daniels and Bachelor, 1979)
Kinh nghim cho thy vng b sung c th khng cn thit b li vng
b mt sau un nng (Hilton, 1984)
11.8.3.3.2 Dm I t hp hn
B sung cho vic un nng nh quy nh trong iu 11.8.3.3.1, dm t hp hn
c th ch to t cc cnh ct cong.
vng ng c th t c bng cch ct bn bng theo ng vin yu
cu.
11.8.3.3.3 Dm hp v dm ng hn
Cc cnh hp phi l cc cnh ct cong.
Cc nh ca dm ng c th lm cong theo quy nhh ca iu 11.8.3.3.2.
Ch gii: Cnh nh ca dm ng c x l nh cnh dm I v c th un nng
sau khi chng c hn vo ban bung.

11.8.3.4 Cc ph kin ca bn bng
11.8.3.4.1 Np tng cng ngang
Np tng cng ngang phi bt bu lng hoc hn vo bn bng vi ng hn
lin tuc c hai bn ca np tng cng. Cc mi hn ny phi kt thc khong 4tw
n s nh hn gia 6tw v 100mm t mp gn ca bn cnh lin k hoc mi hn
ca np tng cng dc. Nu np tng cng ngang b np tng cng dc lm gin on
th np tng cng ngang phi c gn vo np tng cng dc pht huy sc khng
un v sc khng dc trc ca np tng cng ngang. Nu ch dng np tng cng
ngang mt pha, u ca np tng cng cn gn vo c hai bn cnh. C th dng
ng hn ln c hai bn ca np tng cng.
Nu dng cc i np tng cng ngang, chng phi c gn cht vo c hai
bn cnh.
Ch gii: Yu cu np tng cng ngang phi gn cht vo np tng cng dc l
do ton b chiu cao bn bng l chu ct v cc np tng cng ngang l thit k
tng cng bn bng sut chiu cao ny. Cc np tng cng chu p t v cc bn ni
cng c thit k nh mt cu kin n trn sut chiu cao bn bng.
nhng vng chu un, cc np tng cng c th phi c gn vo c hai bn
cnh. C th b chi tit bt bu lng cui mi hn ln cc bn cnh chu ko.
11.8.3.4.2 Bn ni
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 47 -

Cc bn ni, ngoi nhn bit khc nh l tng cng ngang khung ngang v
dm ngang, phi gn vo c hai bn cnh bng bt bu lng hoc hn. Nu lin kt bu
lng c ch r trong h s hp ng, lin kt hn khng nn loi b nu khng c
php ca K s.
Ch gii: Cc bn ni c ni vo bn cnh phng bn cnh quay hoc
nghing so vi bn bng v truyn lc ngang t khung ngang hoc dm ngang trc
tip ln bn cnh. Bng cch ni trc tip vo bn cnh ng sut un trong bn bng
qua chiu dy l ti thiu (Wilson v ngi khc, 1988).
11.8.3.4.3 Np tng cng dc
ni c th, cc np tng cng dc phi ko lin tc sut chiu di quy nh,
tr khi h s hp ng cho php khc. Np tng cng dc phi c bt bu lng vo
bn bng hoc hn bng ng hn lin tc vo bn bng trn c hai bn ca np
tng cng.
ch np tng cng dc b gin on n phi c lp v gn vo nh mt
cu kin lin tc pht huy sc khng yu cu v cng ca np tng cng dc.
Ch gii: Np tng cng dc ca bn bng c thit k nh mt cu kin lin
tc. Do , tr ghi ch y, cc np tng cng dc phi c lm lin tc khi c th.
Kim loi c bn cc u ca np tng cng dc cn c nghin cu v mi. Lun
cn cung cp cc khe h trnh cc mi hn ct nhau.
11.8.3.5 Cc l bu lng
Tr khi h s hp ng cho php khc, cc l bu lng trn cc mi ni dm v
trn cac cu kin chu lc chnh phi c kch thc chun. Cc ngoi l phi c K
s ca Ch u t chp thun.
11.8.3.6 Sai s cho php
11.8.3.6.1 phng ca bn bng hn
Bn bng phi tho mn sai s cho php v kch thc trong Quy tc hn cu
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5. phng phi o theo hng vung gc vi cc bn
cnh.
Ch gii: phng ca bn bng c th o theo ng vung gc ngn nht
gia cc mi hn gia bng v cnh. Sai s cho php i vi bn bng khng c
tng cng c xc nh bng c ly ng dc bng gia cc bn cnh.
11.8.3.6.2 vng
vng cho trong h s hp ng phi c nh km tr khi vic lp dng
thp hoc lp mt cu khc phi c tin hnh theo cch s dn n vng khc
vi vng dng xc nh vng quy nh. Nu Nh thu hoc nh sn xut/ nh
thit k chi tit hoc nh lp dng ca Nh thu nh dng cch lm khc, cch lm
phi c khng nh vi K s ca Ch u t. Phi cung cp bt k ti liu no cn
cho K s chp thun v Ch u t khng phi tr ph. Mi bn trnh theo yu cu
cn c thc hin v chp thun trc khi trnh bn v phn xng c chp
thun.
Ch gii: Cc quy nh ca iu 6.7.2 vng tnh ti ca Tiu chun thit k
cu AASHTO LRFD bao gm hng dn chung cho K s v vng ca dm I xin
thng ca cu kiu dm v dm I cong ngang ca cu kiu dm c v khng c cc
gi ta xin.
Kh o vng trn cc dm cong. vng ng ca dm I tt nht c th o
bng cch t nm cc dm trn cnh ca n vi cc bn bng nm ngang nu khng
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 48 -

cn c vng xon. vng cng c th kim tra bng cch ghp cc dm vo v tr
khng ti vi cc bng thng ng theo di. Nu dm c vng xon, vng ng
c th kim tra tt nht bng cch ghp cc dm vo v tr gn thng ng trong khi
duy tr phng cc bn bng dc chiu di dm khng thng ng theo di v tr
khng ti.
11.8.3.6.3 ng cong
Sai s cho php ca ng cong phi tho mn cc yu cu ca Quy tc hn
cu AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5. Sai s cho php ca ng cong phi o hng tm
theo ng cong l thuyt ca dm.
Ch gii: ng cong l thuyt c th l ng cong bn knh khng i, bn
knh hn hp hoc xon c. di l thuyt t mt cnh dm c th tnh sao cho sai
lch t di l thuyt c th so vi gi tr cho php v cong ca mt dm thng
trong Quy tc hn cu AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 (2002). Cc s o cn thc hin vi
dm thng ng v trong iu kin khng ti.
11.8.3.6.4 Chiu di dm
Chiu di dm phi xc nh trn nhit khng kh 16
o
C. Chiu di dm phi
o theo dy cung.
Ch gii: Chiu di dm l quan trng khi nh v bu lng neo. Nu dng dng c
o lade, khng chu nh hng ca nhit , d o v tr bu lng neo v /hoc chiu di
dm, iu quan trng l phi tnh b do nhit dm.

11.8.3.7 Lp trc
11.8.3.7.1 Tng qut
Lp trc cc on dm phi tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 11.5.3 Lp th
trc cc lin kt hin trng ca Tiu chun ny. Tr khi c quy nh khc trong k
hoch thi cng ca nh thu, lp trc phi gi thit l c thc hin trong iu kin
khng ti.
Khi dng khoan iu khin s, vic lp th cc khung ngang hoc dm ngang
ca cc on dm c nh v ng n phi c thc hin nh quy nh trong iu
11.5.3.3 ca Tiu chun ny.
C th yu cu vic lp th xng cc lin kt bu lng cc lin kt chu lc
ca khung ngang hoc dm ngang ln dm i vi cc kt cu c hnh dng phc tp
hoc cu kin cng.
Ch gii: iu 11.5.3.1 i hi cc on dm c lp trc m bo lp
ng dn hin trng. i hi ny thng ch p dng cho cc mi ni dm trn cc
cu c nhiu dm dc. Nu dng khoan iu khin s, lp th thng ch yu cu i
vi khung ngang hoc dm ngang tr khi k hoch thi cng quy nh yu cu lp y
. Trong trng hp ring bit, c th cn lp ng thi ba on dm. i hi ny c
th thng p dng cho cc kt cu khung cng hoc phc tp, hoc khng dng
khoan iu khin s.
11.8.3.7.2 Mi ni hin trng ca cc on dm
Cc mi ni hin trng c th c lp hoc v tr thng ng hoc nm
ngang. Cc mi ni dm c th c lp trc khi un cong bng nhit.
Ch gii: Lp cc mi ni dm c th thc hin ging nh i vi dm thng
hu ht cc trng hp nu dm c un cong bng nhit. Bn bng c th
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 49 -

phng thng ng hoc phng ngang. Nu cc bn cnh l cc ng cong ct.
vic lp cc mi ni ca dm I thng c thc hin vi cc bn cnh nm ngang sau
khi hn cc bn cnh vo bng, dm phi c vng thng ng thit k khi cc mi
ni dm c lp.

11.8.4 K hoch vn chuyn
i vi kt cu phc tp v ln Ch u t c th yu cu k hoch vn
chuyn. Phi xc nh loi gi dm yu cu v v tr ca chng. Phi th hin loi
hnh, kch thc v v tr cc dy chng. Phi quy nh s lng dy chng y
c d.
ng sut dm do t trng trong khi vn chuyn phi tnh vi 100% h s xung
kch.
ng sut dm tnh ton phi tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.3.2 hoc
6.11.3.2 tng ng ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
ng sut mi khng c vt qu ngng mi bin khng i i vi loi
hnh ph hp trong Bng 6.6.12.5-3 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Khi c th, cc on dm cn vn chuyn trong cng phng vi kt cu
hon thnh. Cc dm phi chng sao cho hnh dng mt ct ngang ca chng c
duy tr v ng sut sut chiu dy l ti thiu.
Cc gi phi m bo sao cho khng ch c ng sut un ngang ng.
Cc dm I n khng c ging khng hng qu chiu di Lc tnh bng mm, xc
nh theo:
L
c
= 490 b
0,25
(11.8.4-1)
Trong :
b= chiu rng cnh nh nht, mm
Cc gin v dm tng cng tm c yu cu tho mn cc i hi ca phn
ny phi quy nh trong k hoch vn chuyn.
Ch gii: C th yu cu k hoch vn chuyn nu on dm nng hn, rng
hn, cao hn hoc di hn con s cho php thng thng ca phng thc vn
chuyn la chn.
Trong khi vn chuyn cc dm khng phi chu cc ng sut c th lm h hng
n do vt ng sut hoc mi. Mi c th do ng sut dc trc trong dm hoc ng
sut sut chiu dy do mt ct b nghing gy ra. Khi bin ng sut thp hn
ngng mi bin khng i, v mt l thuyt cu to ny s cho tui th v hn.
Quy nh 100% h s xung kch l xt n dm b ri xung cc gi cng.
Quy nh gii hn chiu rng ca mt bn cnh hng khng c ging l
m bo dao ng dng mt khng ln hn 5Hz. Chiu di gii hn ca cc tn s
khc c th xc nh bng cch nhn 43 ln tn s yu cu chia cho 5.

11.8.5 Lp dng thp
11.8.5.1 Tng qut
Phi thc hin vic lp dng ph hp vi k hoch thi cng ca Nh thu c
K s chp thun.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 50 -

Cc ng sut c nhn h s do t trng thp v gi mi giai on lp dng
khng c vt qu tr s tnh ton theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.3 hoc 6.10.4
tng ng ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Vic m rng l bu lng trong khi lp dng ch c php vi s chp thun ca
K s.
Cc mi ni dm bng bu lng phi c lp rp ti hin trng ph hp vi
cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.5 ca Tiu chun ny.
Ch gii: iu 11.2.2 yu cu Nh thu cung cp bn v lp dng ch r cu s
c lp dng nh th no.
Cc tnh ton theo yu cu ch r ng sut cho php trong thp khng b vt
qu trong khi lp dng. Thp khng ph hp hin trng hm l ng sut trong
thp khng tng thch vi tr s trong thit k. Cc ng sut vt c th kh bng cc
tr tm. Nu cn m rng l, ch c th lm sau khi xem xt trng thi ng sut v
vng pht sinh.
Vic s dng y s lng cc cht v bu lng trong cc mi ni dm trong
khi lp theo quy nh trong iu 11.6.5 caTiu chun ny l quan trng.
11.8.5.2 Vn khun
Phi thit k vn khun chu cc ti trng thng ng v ti trng ngang c
quy nh trong k hoch thi cng. Cao ca vn khun phi l cao ta dm cao
vng khng ti. Cc kch gn vi vn khun phi c khong nng cho php
d ti hon ton. Vic d ti trn cc gi tm cn thc hin theo cch tt c cc gi
tm mi mt ct ngang c d ti ng u.
Khi thch hp, cc cn cu c th loi b trong cng tc vn khun.
Ch gii: Cc gi tm thng hay dng cho cc dm cong hn l cho cc
dm thng c cng khu v cn m bo n nh cho cc dm cong.
Cao cc gi tm phi cho php kt cu thp c lp dng, vng sau khi
tho cc gi tm. Tt c cc kch b tr cn nh mt ln qua b tr ng ng r
nhnh gim thiu kt cu thp b vn.
11.8.5.3 Gi cu
Gc xoay tnh ton ca gi trong khi thi cng khng c vt qu kh nng
xoay ca gi. Gi phi lp sao cho sau khi tnh ti tc ng kh nng xoay phi
chu cc gc xoay do ti trng mi trng v hot ti. Phi t gi di ng sao cho nm
tm ca di chuyn cho php nhit khng kh 16
o
C tr khi ch u t quy nh
khc i.
Ch gii: Trong khi lp dng dm c th xoay vt qu kh nng xoay ca gi
ngay c khi ti trng lc nm trong gii hn cho php. Cc kt cu xin c bit d
b vn theo trc dc ca dm

11.8.5.4 Dm I
Nh thu phi m bo cc dm l n nh sut qu trnh lp dng. Phi coi giai
on hon chnh lin kt bu lng l khi nh gi cng v n nh ca thp trong lp
dng.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 51 -

Ch gii: Vic kim ch chng xon ca dm I cong c yu cu mi lc. S
mt n nh th hin chuyn v ngang ln hn v s xoay quanh trc dc ca dm
khng th gi c bng cch ging bn trong.
Vi cc l thuyt hin c th n nh c cc dm I cong vi chiu di khng
ging ln l kh d bo tt. n nh ch c th xc nh gin n bng th nghim
nng dm. Khi c th, tt nht l gi chiu di khng ging ca dm I cong trong gii
hn quy nh trong iu 6.7.4.2 Cc on dm I thng ca Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD.
11.8.5.5 Dm hp kn v dm ng
Nh thu phi m bo hnh dng mt ct ngang ca mi hp c duy tr khi
lp dng.
Cn lp ging ngang pha trn cc dm ng trc khi vn chuyn v lp cc chi
tit hin trng.
Ch gii: Lp dng cc dm hp kn v dm ng l phc tp v cng chng
xon ca chng ln. Lp trc xng cc dm ngang v khung ngang bn ngoi l
quan trng v cng chng xon ca hp lm cho vic chnh hin trng l kh
khn.

11.8.6 Mt cu
11.8.6.1 Vn khun
C th dng g dn, vn khun kim loi vnh cu hoc panen b tng lm vn
khun mt cu theo chp thun ca K s. Cc vn khun c quyn phi lp theo ch
dn k thut ca nh sn xut bao gm bt k iu chnh no v ch dn k thut ny
c K s chp thun. Vn khun phi ta ln kt cu phn trn.
Ch gii: Vn khun mt cu cn gn cht vo cnh trn theo cch c K s
chp thun. Vn khun khng cn coi l c cng lm vic nh ging ngang
ca cc cnh dm cong.
11.8.6.1.2 Cnh hng
Cc vn khun hng phi tho ra khi mt cu bo dng. Khi c th cc dm
cha hng cn chng gn cnh di v gn vo cnh trn. Nu dm cha chng vo
bn bng, k s ca Nh thu phi m bo vic phng chng bin dng lu di
ca bn bng v vng qu mc ca bn mt cu cn t v vn khn c xt
n.
Lc ngang bn cnh trn do dm cha hng phi c tnh ton m bo
bn cnh l thch ng nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.3.4 Lp mt cu ca Tiu chun
Phi xt cc ti trng tc ng ln dm cha hng khi xc nh ng sut un
ngang ca cnh, lc khung ngang kt hp vi bin dng ca cnh v bng. Nu ti
trng hoc tc ng ca chng khc vi quy nh trong h s hp ng, Nh thu phi
tin hnh phn tch b sung v c K s chp thun.

Ch gii: Vn khun cha thng c tho ra khi b tng cng.
B tng v cc ti trng khc trn cnh hng gy ra ti trng lch tm trong dm.
dn n lc xon ph trn dm bin.
11.8.6.1.3 Dm ng
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 52 -

Vn khun mt cu khng c ta vo cc v tr ngoi cnh dm tr khi
c xt c bit trong thit k.
Ch gii: V vic tho vn khun mt cu bn trong cc dm ng l cc k
kh, nn dng cc vn khun mt cu vnh cu.
Khng nn rc ri tn ti trong hp v n tr ngi cho vic kim tra sau .
11.8.6.2 b tng
Phi b tng theo trnh t quy nh trong k hoch thi cng c duyt. Thi
gian gia cc ln phi m bo b tng ca ln trc t n tui v cng
quy nh trong k hoch thi cng. Bt k cht ph gia tng nhanh hoc lm chm
no trong hn hp b tng u phi c quy nh.
Phi quy nh thi gian ca mi ln trong k hoch thi cng. Vic b tng
trong vng m men do tnh ti c c m v dng, phi trc vng m men
dng.
Ch gii: Khi b tng nhp lin k vi nhip mt cu ng cng, m men
m nhp lin k s sinh ra ng sut ko v ng sut ct xon phn b tng ng
cng.
Nu nhng ln di m vng m men m c trc, c th vng ny s
cng v chu ng sut ko trong khi phn cn li. iu ny c th gy ra nt sm
mt cu.
xc nh c l b tng t c tc ng lin hp l vn hng
gi. Do , cn xc nh tui v cng thch hp ca b tng ti mt phn bi
ng sut s pht sinh khi cc on dm tip theo.

11.8.7 Bo co
Mi sa i v k hoch thi cng ti ch so vi k hoch ban u phi lp h s
vi cc chp thun thch hp c ghi nhn.

( Phn c tnh trng trong nguyn bn ting Anh )
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 53 -

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 2000. Guide Specifications for Highway Bridge Fabrication with HPS70W
Steel, HBF-1, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,
Washington, DC.
AASHTO. 2002. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17
th
Edition, HB-17,
AASHTO. 2004. with interims. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 3
rd
Edition,
LRFDUS-3 or LRFDSI-3, American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials, Washington, DC. Available in customary U.S. units or SI units.
th
Edition, HM-25, American Association of State Highway and
AASHTO and AWS. 2002. AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5 Bridge Welding Code, BWC-4,
American Welding Society, Washington, DC.
AISC. 2003. LRFD Manual of Steel Construction, 3
rd
Edition, American Institute of Steel
Construction, Chicago, IL.
AISC Quality Certification Program, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chi cago,
IL, CategoryI: Structural Steel and Category III: Frature-Critical. See
http://www.aisc.org.
ASCE. 1970. Experimental Stresses and Strains from Heat Curving, Journal of the
Structural Division, Volume 96, No.ST7, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
Journal published since 1983 (vol. 109) under the title Journal of Structural Engineering.
ASCE. 1970. Theoretical Stresses and Strains from Heat Curving, Journal of the
ASCE. 1970. Criterial for Heat Curving Steel Beams and Girders, Journal of the
Daniels, J.H., and R.P. Bachelor. 1979. Fatigue of Curved Steel Bridge Elements: Effect
of Heat Curving on the Fatigue Strength of Plate Girders, Report No. FHWA-RD-79-
136, Federal Highway Administration, August 1979, Washington, DC.
FHWA. 1999. Summary of High-Performance Steel Grade 70W Studies, Demonstration
Project No. TE-50, High-Performance for Bridges, Turner-Fairbank Highway
Laboratories, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA, October 1999.
Hilton, M.H. 1984. Deflections and Camber Loss in Heat-Curved Girders.
Transportation Research Record 950, Vol. 2, Transportation Research Board,
Washington, DC, pp. 51-59.
SSTC. 1996. Structural Bolting Handbook, SBH-1, Steel Structures Technology Center,
Inc., Novi, MI.
U.S. Steel. 2001. Fabrication Aids for Continuously Heat-Curved Girders, ADUSS 88-
5538-01, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA.
U.S. Steel. 2002. Fabrication Aids for Girders Curved with V-Heats, ADUSS 88-5539-
02, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA.
PHN 11: KT CU THP 11 - 54 -

Wilson, P.J., R.R. Duncan, III and J.W. Fisher. 1988. Repair of Fatigue Cracks in Steel
Box Girder Bridges on I-110. Proceedings of the 5
th
Annual International Bridge
Conference. Paper IBC-88-44, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 234-241.
ASME. 2003. Unified Inch Screw Threads, UN and UNR Thread Form, B1.1, American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, Fairfield, NJ.
Daniels, J.H., and R.P. Bacheler. 1979. Fatigue of Curved Steel Bridge Elements: Effect
of Heat Curving on the Fatigue Strength of Plate Girders, Report No. FHWA-RD-79-
136, Federal Highway Administration, August 1979, Washington, DC.
FHWA. 1999. Summary of High-Performance Steel Grade 70W Studies, Demonstration
Project No. TE-50, High-Performance for Bridges, Turner-Fairbank Highway
Laboratories, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA, October 1999.
Hilton, M.H. 1984. Deflections and Camber Loss in Heat-Curved Girders.
Transportation Research Record 950, Vol. 2.
SSTC. 1996. Structural Bolting Handbook, SBH-1, Steel Structures Technology Center,
Inc., Novi, MI.
U.S. Steel. 2001. Fabrication Aids for Continuously Heat-Curved Girders, ADUSS 88-
5538-01, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA.
U.S. Steel. 2002. Fabrication Aids for Girders Curved with V-Heats, ADUSS 88-5539-
02, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA.
Wilson, P.J., R.R. Duncan, III and J.W. Fisher. 1988. Repair of Fatigue Cracks in Steel
Box Girder Bridges on I-110. Proceedings of the 5
th
Annual International Bridge
Conference. Paper IBC-88-44, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 234-241.

PHN 12: MT CU MNG DM THP 12 - 1 -

PHN 12: MT CU MNG DM THP
MC LC

12.1 TNG QUT.
12.1.1 M t...
12.1.2 Bn v thi cng..
12.2 VT LIU...
12.2.1 Thp
12.2.2 X l bo v...
12.2.3 B tng ..
12.2.4 Sc chng trt
12.3 B TR PHN ON..
12.4 B TR VNG...
12.5 LP RP HIN TRNG..
12.6 LIN KT VO CC GI
12.7 HN
12.8 SA CHA LP M H HNG..
12.9 NHI B TNG
12.9.1 Vn khun..
12.9.2 b tng..
12.10 O C V THANH TON.
Ti liu vin dn...
12-2
12-2
12-2
12-2
12-2
12-2
12-2
12-3
12-3
12-3
12-4
12-4
12-4
12-4
12-5
12-5
12-5
12-5
12-6


PHN 12
MT CU MNG DM THP

12.1 TNG QUT

12.1.1 M t
Cng vic ny gm vic cung cp v lp t mt cu mng dm thp loi h
hoc loi nhi b tng theo quy nh trong h s hp ng. Khi Nh thu c php
la chn cc chi tit thit k no th cc chi tit phi p ng cc yu cu i vi
vic thit k mt cu mng dm thp trong iu 4.6.2.1 v 9.8.2 ca Tiu chun thit
k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Ch gii: Cc yu cu i vi mt cu mng dm thp tham kho iu 4.6.2.1
Phng php phn tch gn ng mt cu v iu 9.8.2 Mt cu mng dm kim loi
ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004.

12.1.2 Bn v thi cng
Nh thu phi np ton b cc bn v thi cng vi cc chi tit lp rp cho K s
chp thun, ch c ch to hoc thi cng mt cu sau khi cc bn v c
chp thun. Vic chp thun ny khng gim nh cho Nh thu v bt k trch nhim
no trong h s hp ng hon thnh tt p cng vic ca mnh.

12.2 VT LIU

12.2.1 Thp
Tt c cc loi thp hnh, thp tm v thp thanh phi ph hp vi AASHTO M
270M/M270 (ASTM A709/ A 709M) Cp 36, 50 hoc 50W (Cp 250, 345 hoc 345W).
Tr khi vt liu c m hoc ph epoxi, n phi c hm lng ng bng 0,2%.

12.2.2 X l bo v
Tr khi c quy nh khc, cc mt cu mng dm thp loi h phi m theo cc
yu cu ca AASHTO M111M/M111 (ASTM A123/A 123M).
Cc loi c nhi y b tng hoc nhi mt phn theo yu cu trong h s
hp ng, phi hoc l m, sn, ph epoxi hoc cung cp theo loi thp chu thi tit
khng sn.
Nu c sn, sn phi qut theo cc yu cu k thut trong Phn 13 Sn,
tr khi c php nhng. Sn phi theo quy nh i vi kt cu kim loi tr khi trong
h s hp ng c yu cu v sn hoc ph mt loi khc. Khi quy nh sn, cc khu
vc ca mt cu mng dm thp hon ton bc kn trong b tng c th khng sn, tr
khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.

12.2.3 B tng

Tt c cc b tng nhi mt cu mng dm thp phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. B tng v c ct liu phi theo quy nh i vi b
tng loi C (AE).

12.2.4 Sc chng trt
Cc cnh trn ca tt c cc kt cu to thnh b mt chu mi mn ca mt cu
mng dm loi h phi c rng ca c sc chng trt ti a.
Mt cu mng dm nhi hoc ph bng b tng phi c cu trc chng trt
nh quy nh trong iu 8.10.2 Hon thin b mt ng.

12.3 B TR PHN ON

Khi cc cu kin chnh vung gc vi ng tim ca lng ng, cc n
nguyn thng phi c chiu di vt qua ton b b rng lng ng i vi cc
lng ng rng ti 12000mm nhng trong mi trng hp cc n nguyn phi ko
di t nht ba khoang. Khi cn mi ni, cc u cc cu kin chnh mt cu phi hn ti
cc mi ni trn ton b din tch tit din ngang ca chng hoc lin kt cch khc
to ra tnh lin tc y .
Khi cc cu kin chnh song song vi ng tim lng ng, cc phn on
phi ko di khng t hn ba khoang, v u cc n nguyn gip u nhau phi hn
trn ton b din tch tit din ngang, hoc lin kt cch khc to ra tnh lin tc y
ph hp vi thit k.

12.4 B TR VNG

Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, vic b tr vng phi lm nh
sau:
Cc n nguyn thp kh cng nn chng khng th ghp d dng theo
vng yu cu, phi lm vng trong phn xng. Vi cc loi mt cu
mng dm ngoi loi dng b tng y ton b chiu cao dm ti hin
trng v lin kt vi mt cu bng cc b lin kt hn chng ct, cc dm
dc phi nghing hoc b tr cc thanh gi nghing hn ti xng to ra
b mt gi ta song song vi mt lng ng. Nu dng cc thanh nghing,
chng phi lin tc v hn dc ng tim ca cnh dm dc, trong trng
hp , chiu di nhp tnh ton phi do chiu rng ca thanh lm gi khng
ch thay cho chiu rng ca cnh dm dc.
Cc dm dc, ngoi iu quy nh trong on di y, phi lm vng trong
xng hoc b tr cc di gi cho mt cu hon thanh sau khi vng do
tnh ti s n khp vi vng dc quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Vic iu chnh theo chiu thng ng ca cc mt cu mng dm nhi b
tng ton b chiu cao, m cc mt cu ny c lin kt vi cc cu kin
dm bng cc b lin kt chng ct, c th thc hin bng vic s dng
cc bu lng iu chnh hoat ng qua cc ai c hn vo mng gi trn cnh
trn ca cc cu kin khung. Mt cch khc na l c th dng chm, v

phi dng chm nu cc xe thi cng c php i trn mt cu trc khi lin
kt cui cng.

12.5 LP RP HIN TRNG

Cc khu vc c kch thc ln phi t v nu cn phi iu chnh cho khp
ng trc khi mt cu c lin kt vo cc gi chng. Phi ch cn thn trong
khi cu v t trnh gy ra cho cc n nguyn mt cu ng sut qa cao. Cc cu
kin chnh phi lm lin tc nh trong quy nh trong iu 12.3 B tr phn on v
cc phn on phi ni vi nhau dc theo mp ca chng bng cch hn hoc bt bu
lng ph hp vi h s hp ng.

12.6 LIN KT VO CC GI

Tr khi cc phng php lin kt khc c quy nh trong h s hp ng,
hoc c chp thun, mt cu phi lin kt vo cc gi thp bng cch hn mi
cu kin chnh th t vo cu kin ca n, tuy nhin, cc mi hn khng c cch
nhau qu 400mm tm ti tm. trc khi hn mt mi hn no, mt cu phi hoc l
cht ti tm thi hoc phi mc xung lm mt mi ni kht nn t ton b. gim
n ti thiu cc ng sut gy ra do b mc xung, mi cao chnh lch bng 6mm
tr ln trn mt cu kin 1200mm phi c chm trc khi hn chm,hn mng
dm thp v cu kin . V tr, chiu di v kch c cc mi ni hn phi c s
chp thun ca K s.
Xung quanh chu vi ca cc n nguyn mt cu mng dm, u mt tt c cc
cu kin thp chnh ca mt cu phi c lin kt chc chn vi nhau bng thp tm
hoc thp gc hn vo u cc cu kin chnh, hoc bng cch bc hon ton cc u
trong b tng.
Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng, c th s dng cc phng php
khng phi l hn bng cch lin kt mt cu mng dm thp (c hai loi h v loi
nhi b tng) vo cc cu kin khung. Trong trng hp nh vy, c th dng cc lin
kt chng ct c u hn i vi cc mng dm nhi b tng v c th lin kt cc
mng dm thp h vo cu kin khung bng bu lng.

12.7 HN

Mi vic hn xng v hin trng phi theo ng Quy tc hn cu
D1.5M/D1.5 AASHTO/AWS.

12.8 SA CHA LP M H HNG

Cc b mt b mi mn hoc h hng ti bt c thi im no sau khi m lp
km phi sa cha bng cch chi bng bn chi si thp cc khu vc h hng v loi
b tt c cc lp m ri rc v nt n, sau cc khu vc c lm sch c sn
bng hai lp sn nhiu km cht lng thng mi khng pha long (loi dung mi
hu c). Khng c dng cc bnh phun.

12.9 NHI B TNG

12.9.1 Vn khun
Mt cu loi nhi b tng c cnh di khng tip xc vi nhau phi b tr cc
vn khun y bng g hoc kim loi gi b tng nhi khng b r r qa nhiu. Vn
khun phi tho sau khi b tng c bo dng, tr cc vn khun bng kim loi
ph hp vi on sau y c th li ti ch.
Nu dng cc di khun kim loi, chng phi kht st vo cc cnh di hoc
cc on nh ra ca cc cu kin mng dm v c t trong cc chiu di khng
lin tc v khng rng qu 25mm trn mp ca mi gi , nhng trong mi trng
hp vn khun phi lm cho tm bn t tho ng trn gi . Nu vn khun kim loi
ti ch, chng phi m hoc x l bo v theo cng mt phng php nh i vi
mt cu mng dm.

12.9.2 b tng
Khi h s hp ng ch r b tng nhi khng xung ti y mng dm thp,
ngoi b tng cc trong lp cc b lin kt chng ct, c th b tng vi
mng dm trong t th ln ngc trc khi lp rp, hoc phn mng dm li khng
nhi c th c chn bng cch s dng mt vt liu nhi tm thi c tnh tr, nh
ct hoc tm polystyrene s c tho sau, hoc bng cch s dng cc di khun
li kim loi hoc cc phng php c chp thun khc. Phng php c s
dng phi cho php chn hon ton cc thanh th ba v cc inh neo chng ct, nu
s dng chng.
Khi h s hp ng ch r cc mng dm nhi y hoc nhi mt phn hoc cc
tm bn b tng ct thp gn vo mng dm thp lm vic lin hp vi cc cu kin
, tt c cc inh neo chng ct phi chn hon ton trong b tng v ton b din
tch gia cnh trn ca cu kin v y phn nhi ca mng dm nhi y b tng.
B tng dng nhi mt cu mng dm phi trn, v bo dng theo cc
yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. B tng phi m cht hon ton bng cch
rung mt cu mng dm thp. Thit b rung v cch thao tc thit b rung phi c
chp thun ca K s.


Mt cu mng dm thp phi o theo mt vung. S mt vung s da trn cc
kch thc mt cu ti ch v c chp thun ca K s trong cng trnh hon
thnh.
Mt cu mng dm thp dc thanh ton theo gi h s hp ng cho mi mt
vung. Vic thanh ton ny i vi cc mt cu mng dm thp, loi h hoc loi nhi
b tng, phi xem nh n b y chi ph cung cp mi loi vt liu, thit b,
dng c v nhn lc cn thit hon thnh tt p cng trnh.

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 2004. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, 3
rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3 or
LRFDSI-3, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,

th

AASHTO and AWS. 2002. D1.5M/D1.5 Bridge Welding Code, BWC-4, American
Welding Society, Washington, DC.

PHN 13: SN 13 - 1 -

PHN 13: SN
MC LC

13.1 TNG QUT.
13.1.1 M t...
13.1.2 Bo v cng chng v ti sn.
13.1.3 Bo v cng trnh..
13.1.4 Chiu dy v mu sc..
13.2 SN KT CU KIM LOI...
13.2.1 H thng cc lp sn v loi sn..
13.2.2 iu kin thi tit..
13.2.3 Chun b b mt
13.2.3.1 Lm sch bng cch thi.
13.2.3.2 Lm sch bng hi nc.
13.2.3.3 Lm sch bng dung mi.
13.2.3.4 Lm sch bng tay
13.2.3.5 Ra bng my bm nc
13.2.4 Qut phun sn..
13.2.4.1 Sn cc loi sn lt giu km.
13.2.5 o c thanh ton.
13.3 SN CC B MT M KM.
13.4 SN G
13.4.1 Tng qut...
13.4.2 Chun b b mt
13.4.3 Sn..
13.4.4 Qut sn.
13.4.5 Sn g x l.
13.4.6 Thanh ton.
13.5 SN B TNG.
13.5.1 Chun b b mt
13.5.2 Sn..
13.5.3 Qut sn.
13.5.4 o c v thanh ton...
Ti liu vin dn...
13-2
13-2
13-2
13-2
13-2
13-3
13-3
13-3
13-3
13-4
13-4
13-5
13-5
13-5
13-5
13-6
13-7
13-7
13-8
13-8
13-8
13-8
13-8
13-8
13-9
13-9
13-9
13-9
13-10
13-10
13-11

PHN 13: SN 13 - 2 -

PHN 13
SN
13.1 TNG QUT

13.1.1 M t
Cng vic ny gm c vic sn cc b mt phi sn nu trong h s hp
ng. Cng vic ny bao gm nhng khng gii hn vic chun b cc b mt sn,
qut sn v bo dng, bo v cng trnh, bo v cc c s vt cht hin c, xe c v
cng chng khng b tn hi do cng vic sn, v cung cp mi nhn lc, thit b, vt
liu cn tin hnh cng vic.

13.1.2 Bo v cng chng v ti sn
Nh thu phi tun th cc tiu chun, quy tc, iu l v mnh lnh i vi sc
kho, an ton ngh nghip v bo v mi trng tu theo trng hp c th p dng
c. Vic khng tun th cc Tiu chun, quy tc, iu l v mnh lnh ny l l
do phi ngng vic hoc khng t cch.
Phi c cc bin php phng nga hp l thu gom cc vt liu ph thi (vt
liu thi dng v sn c) c xp vo loi nguy him. Vic loi b cc vt liu ph
thi nguy him phi tin hnh theo tt c cc lut ca nh nc.
Nh thu phi b tr cc dng c bo v nh vi th, tm chn v cc tm che
ph cn thit phng nga h hng cho cng trnh v thit hi cho cc ti sn khc
hoc cho ngi do cc thao tc lm sch v sn. Nh thu phi chu trch nhim v
mi h hng gy ra bi d n sn i vi xe c, con ngi hoc ti sn.
Sn hoc cc vt sn lm cho cc b mt khng c ch nh sn c v ngoi
kh coi phi c Nh thu ty sch hoc xo sch bng chi ph ca h.

13.1.3 Bo v cng trnh
Nh thu phi c mi bin php phng nga cn thit bo v b mt khi
nhim bn trc hoc trong qu trnh sn.
Nh thu phi bo v tt c cc b phn ca cng trnh chng li vic lm xu
b mt bi vic lm tung to vt m, vt nh do vt liu sn.
Tt c cc b mt sn b h hng do cc thao tc ca Nh thu phi do Nh
thu sa cha vi chi ph ca h vi cac vt liu v sa ti tnh trng ngang vi tnh
trng quy nh y.
Nu xe c to ra mt lng bi qu nhiu, Nh thu, khi c ch th ca K s
phi phun nc lng ng v l ng ln cn hoc phun cht gim bi vi mt
khong cch v mi pha ca v tr khi ang sn.
Sau khi hon thnh tt c cc thao tc sn v bt k cng vic no khc c th
gy ra bi, m hoc cc cht l khc b ng li trn cc b mt sn, cc b mt sn
ny phi hon ton sch. Khi m cu cho thng xe, vic sn phi lm xong hon ton
v cc b mt khng b h hi v sch s.

13.1.4 Chiu dy v mu sc
PHN 13: SN 13 - 3 -

Chiu dy mng ph kh ca mi lp sn v tng chiu dy ca sn phm cui
cng phi ph hp vi h s hp ng. Chiu dy ca lp ph thc hin trc hoc
ca lp ph c sn c coi l lp ph u phi xc nh ph hp vi vic o chiu
dy sn kh bng dng c o t tnh SSPC-PA2 trc khi sn lp tip theo.
Mi lp sn cn c mu khc nhau m bo vic ph y v theo cch
m lp ph trc c th c bt kn bi ch mt lp sn sau .
Ch gii: Cc quy nh ny ly t Hng dn sn kt cu thp ca AASHTO.
AASHTO, 1997 (SSPC l Hi sn bo v, tn c l Hi ng sn kt cu thp).

13.2 SN KT CU KIM LOI

13.2.1 H thng cc lp sn v loi sn
H thng cc lp sn v loi sn p dng phi ph hp vi h thng trong h
s hp ng.
Ch gii: Cc h thng sn thch hp khc nhau c xc nh trong Ch dn
sn kt cu thp ca AASHTO.

13.2.2 iu kin thi tit
Phi sn trn cc b mt hon ton kh. Khng c php sn di bt k
trng hp no di y:
khi nhit khng kh, sn hoc b mt phi sn bng hoc thp hn 4
o
C
hoc trn 38
o
C,
khi cc b mt kim loi trn im sng t hn 3
o
C,
khi m vt qu 85% ti a im cng trnh,
khi cc b mt mi sn c th b h hng do ma, sng m hoc bi,
hoc khi c th d on nhit khng kh tt xung di 5
o
C trong thi k
kho ro, tr quy nh y i vi vic sn trong bung kn.

Cc b mt kim loi nng lm cho sn b rp sinh ra mng sn r hoc
lm cho cht ti mu tch ra khi cht nhum mu th khng c sn.
Tu theo chp thun ca K s, Nh thu c th cung cp bung kn ph hp
c th sn trong iu kin thi tit khc nghit. Phi c nhng quy nh khng ch
mt cch nhn to iu kin khng kh bn trong bung vi nhng gii hn ph hp
sn trong sut qu trnh thao tc sn. Cc b mt sn di lp che trong thi tit
m t hoc lnh phi gi di lp che ny ti khi sn kh hoc iu kin thi tit cho
php m lp che. Phi xt chi ph y cung cp v duy tr bung kn ny trong
gi phi tr trong cc iu khon hp ng ca cng vic lin quan n sn, do
khng c tr thm chi ph no khc.
Mi vic thi sch, tr khi thc hin trong nh kn, v mi vic sn phi c
tin hnh trong nhng gi c nh sng ban ngy tr khi c quy nh khc trong h
s hp ng.

13.2.3 Chun b b mt
PHN 13: SN 13 - 4 -

Tt c cc b mt l ra ca thp kt cu, tr cc b mt m km hoc m kim
loi khc, phi c lm sch v sn.
Tt c cc b mt ca thp kt cu mi phi c lm sch bng phng php
thi sch tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, hoc c chp thun bng
vn bn ca K s.
Khi sn li cc kt cu thp hin c, phng php lm sch phi c quy nh
trong h s hp ng. Mi h hi gy ra cho sn tt, hoc cho cc din tch khng
c ch nh sn, do cc thao tc ca Nh thu gy ra phi c Nh thu sa cha
vi chi ph ca mnh vi s tho mn ca K s.
Cc phng php dng trong vic lm sch cc b mt kim loi phi ph hp
vi cc ch dn k thut y.
Ch gii: Phn II ca Hng dn sn kt cu thp ca AASHTO bao gm
thng tin rng ri v chun b b mt, bao gm cc b mt p kht nhau Ti liu bao
gm lit k cc ti liu ca SSPC trong Ph lc A vi ngy thng s dng chng. Bn
hng dn cn tho lun v ra bng nng lng, k xo chun b b mt bng nc
cao p.
13.2.3.1 Lm sch bng cch thi
Cc cht mi mn dng thi sch phi l ct kh sch, mt khong vt, ht
thp, hoc mt thp tu theo s la chn ca Nh thu, v phi c mt cp phi ph
hp to ra cc kt qu tho mn. Vic s dng cc cht mi mn khc khng c
php nu khng c s chp thun ca K s bng vn bn.
Khng c dng ct b bin khng ra c mui hoc qu nhiu bn.
Phi loi b tt c bn t, vy cn, g, sn v cc vt liu khc khi cc b mt
thp l ra theo cc yu cu ca Tiu chun chun b b mt ca Hi ng sn kt cu
thp s 10, SSPC-SP10- Lm sach bng cch thi gn trng. Vic lm sch bng thi
phi li tt c cc b mt vi mt cu trc bm gi cht ch ng u khng di
25.4m v khng ln hn 76.2mm, uc o bng mt thc o mt ct b mt c
chp thun.
Khi vic thi sch c thc hin gn my mc, tt c cc trc, bi, ng c v
cc b phn chuyn ng phi c bt kn chng b lt vo trc khi bt u thi.
Cc b mt thi sch phi sn lt hoc x l trong cng ngy thi sch, tr khi
K s cho php lm khc. Nu cc b mt lm sch b g hoc b lm bn trc khi
sn xong, chng phi thi li cho sch bng chi ph ca Nh thu.
Ch gii: Vic loi b cc vt liu khc phi ph hp vi Tiu chun chun b b
mt ca Hi ng sn kt cu thp s 10 SSPC-SP10, thng 6 nm 1991.
13.2.3.2 Lm sch bng hi nc
Tt c bn t, m, sn bt ri rc, hoc vt liu l khc tch t li trn cc
b mt sn hoc m trc phi c loi b bng mt my lm sch bng hi
nc trc tt c cc giai on lm sch khc. Qu trnh ny khng c nh loi b
ch sn tt. Mi ch sn tr nn ri rc, xon li, bong ln hoc mt lin kt vi cc
lp sn trc, sau khi lm sch bng hi nc phi c loi b theo hng dn ca
K s cho ti lp sn tt hoc ti b mt kim loi vi chi ph ca Nh thu.
Phi thm vo nc cung cp cho ni hi mt cht ty c th thoi ho sinh hc
hoc qut vo b mt c lm sch. Cht ty phi c thnh phn th no v cho vo
mt lng bao nhiu c th lm sch theo nh ni trong on trn.
PHN 13: SN 13 - 5 -

Mi cht cn li, cht ty hoc vt l khc c th tch t trn cc b mt c
lm sch phi loi b bng cch phun nc sch.
Vic lm sch bng hi nc khng c thc hin trc khi sn hoc cc giai
on lm sch khc qu hai tun l.
Vic sn tip theo sau ch c tin hnh sau khi cc b mt lm sch hon
ton kh v khng trng hp no c it hon 24 gio sau khi lm sch v phun nc
ra.
13.2.3.3 Lm sch bng dung mi
Tr khi trong h s hp ng cm dng, phi dng cc cht dung mi loi b
du, m, v cc cht lm nhim bn ho tan theo cc yu cu ca SSPC-SP1 Lm
sch bng dung mi. Lm sch bng dung mi phi tin hnh trc khi lm sch bng
cch thi. Nu cc cht lm bn vn cn li sau khi thi th din tch phi lm sch
li bng dung mi.
Ch gii: Lm sch bng dung mi phi ph hp vi SSPC-SP1, thng 12 nm
1982 ca Hi ng sn kt cu thp.
13.2.3.4 Lm sch bng tay
Phi dng cc bn chi si thp, hoc dng tay hoc chy my cc dng c co
tay, cc my mi, hoc giy rp loi b mi bn t, g v vy cn ri rc, hoc sn
khng dnh chc vo b mt kim loi.
Khng c dng ba hi bm tr khi c php bng vn bn ca K s.
13.2.3.5 Ra bng my bm nuoc
Ra bng my bm nc phi dng nc c p sut gia 5.5 MPa n 10.3
MPa, vi cc vi tc dng cch b mt thp khng qu 300mm.
Ch gii: Thng tin ny ly t phn II Hng dn sn kt cu ca AASHTO
bao gm tho lun tip v loi b cc cht tn ti bng lm sch bng nng lng.

13.2.4 Qut phun sn
Nh thu phi thng bo cho K s bng vn bn t nht trc mt tun ngy
bt u lm sch v sn.
Sn phi lm gn gh, kho lo. Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng,
phi sn qut bng bn chi, phun hoc con ln hoc mt t hp cc cch ring
cho loi sn s dng.
Mi lp sn phi c bo dng hon ton v mi ch b qung, khuyt, vng
mng hoc cc khuyt im khc phi c sa cha trc khi qut lp sau, b mt
c ph sn khng c m, c bi, m hoc mi vt liu c hi khc c th gy tr
ngi cho s lin kt ca cc lp sau. Khi sn cc b, sn c bong ln sau ln th nht
phi co b v sn li trc khi sn lt sau.
c php dng cc loi sn quy nh c nh lng sn dng v
khng pha long tr khi c quy nh khc trong Tiu chun vt liu thch hp vi loi
sn s dng.
Nu dng bn chi, chng phi c thn v chiu di lng ri sn thnh
mt mng ng u. Phi dng cc bn chi trn, hnh van, hoc bn chi dt khng
rng hn 115mm. Sn phi qut u v chi k.
PHN 13: SN 13 - 6 -

Trn tt c cc b mt khng th ti c sn bng bin php thng thng,
sn phi qut bng bn chi da cu, bn chi kiu chai, hoc bng cc bin php khc
c K s chp thun.
Khi s dng con ln, chng phi thuc loi khng li cu trc sn si trong
mng sn. Ch dng cc con ln trn cc b mt phng, u to ra mt mng sn
c b dy u n khng b qung, vt chy, vt x hoc cc vng mng.
Sn c th c phun bng thit b phun khng c khng kh hoc phun thng
thng.
Phi cung cp cc b lc hoc b tch nc c K s chp thun v t
chng trong ng phun ca mi bnh phun loi b du v nc trong khng kh.
Phng php phun no to ra qu nhiu sn, vt chy, vt x, hoc cc ch
mng trong mng sn, hoc b qung, b trng s c xem l khng tho mn v K
s c th yu cu thay i phng php phun hoc cm dng phng php v yu
cu dng bn chi thay th.
Phi dng cc my trn trn sn. Trc khi qut, sn phi trn mt thi gian
di trn k lng cht nhum mu v cht ti mu vi nhau, v gi c trn k
trong khi qut.
B dy mng sn kh phi o ti ch bng mt thit b o b dy mng t tnh
hiu chnh theo Hi ng sn kt cu thp SSPC-PA2.
B dy mi lp sn phi khng ch b dy m bo s kh ng u trn
ton b mng sn.
Cc lp sn k tip sau phi c sc thi tng phn vi sn qut.
Cc kt cu phi c thi sch v sn vi tng b dy cc lp sn lt trc
khi lp dng. Sau khi lp dng v trc khi sn lp sau, tt c cc ch sn b h hi
hoc h hng v tt c cc b mt l ra khng sn phi c lm sch hon ton v
sn cc b vi cc lp sn lt ti b dy quy nh.
Cc b mt l ra khng kh v khng th ti sn c sau khi lp dng phi
c sn ton b s lp sn trc khi lp dng.
Nu c yu cu lp sn lt vinyl, khng c sn trc khi sn lp k tip qu
12 gi. Phi phun lp sn lt vinyl to ra mt mng t ng u trn b mt. B
dy mng kh phi trong khong 7,6 n 2,7 m.
Vic sn cc din tch di mi ni lin kt v cc tm ni phi ph hp vi
iu 11.5.6.3 iu kin b mt.
Ch gii: C th tm cc thng tin m rng v sn trong Phn III ca Hng dn
sn kt cu thp ca AASHTO. Chiu dy mng sn kh phi o theo SSPC-PA2
thng 8 nm 1991 ca Hi ng sn kt cu thp.
13.2.4.1 Sn cc loi sn lt giu km
Cc sn lt giu km gm c sn lt km hu c v v c, phi dng phng
php phun. Trn cc din tch khng th phun c, c th sn bng cch chi hoc
trt.
Phi dng cc my trn c kh trn sn lt. Sau khi trn, sn lt giu lkm
phi lc qua mt sng kim loi c mt sng 250-600 m hoc hai lp vi tclatan (vi
mng h cng) ngay trc hoc trong khi rt vo bnh phun.
PHN 13: SN 13 - 7 -

Phi dng mt bnh phun khuy trong mi ln phun lp lt giu km. Thanh
khuy phi th xung di v cch y bnh phun trong khong 50mm v phi lun
chuyn ng trong khi phun. Chuyn ng ny phi gi cho sn c trn u.
Thit b phun phi cung cp p lc cho bnh v p lc phun to ra mt lp
sn c thnh phn theo ng v mi mt ca cc tiu chun i vi sn km. ng
mm t bnh n vi phun trong h s hp ng khng c di qu 22500mm cng
khng c dng cao hn hay thp hn bnh qa 4500mm.
Lp lt giu kim, c bo dng phi khng c bi, t, mui, hoc cc lp
ng c hi khc v hon ton kh trc khi sn lp sn vinyl.
Ngoi ra, vic ph cc loi sn km v c phi ph hp vi cc iu sau:
Cc lp sn km v c k tip nhau phi qut trong vng 24 gi, nhng
khng t hn 30 pht sau ln sn trc ca loi sn .
Trong cc khu vc xy ra cc vt nt bn trong sn km v c, phi thi
sch ti lp sn dnh kt tt, v sn li ti cng dy bng cng phng
php quy nh i vi lp sn c.
Sn phi bo dng trong 48 gi vi mt m tng i t nht bng 45%
trc khi sn lp lt vinyl. Lp sn km v c bo dng phi ti nc
bng vi v phi trong iu kin kh b mt trc khi qut lp sn lt vinyl,
nu nh lp sn lt vinyl cha c qut trong vng ba tun l sau khi qut
lp sn km v c hoc khi r rng c bi t, mui hoc cc cht ng c
hi khc trn lp sn km v c.

13.2.5 o c thanh ton
Vic lm sch v sn thp kt cu c thanh ton trn c s gi tnh gp, tr
khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.
Gi tnh gp cho vic lm sch v sn kt cu phi bao gm vic n b y
cho vic cung cp mi lao ng, vt liu, dng c, thit b v ph ph, v lm mi
cng vic lin quan n vic lm sch v sn thp kt cu nh nu trong h s hp
ng, theo cc quy nh trong Tiu chun ny, theo cc quy nh c bit v theo s
hng dn ca K s.

13.3 SN CC B MT M KM
Tt c cc b mt m km cn sn trc ht phi c lm sch bng cch ra
vi dung mi nhin liu lng khong vt lm sch mi cht du, m, hoc cc
vt liu l khc i vi lp m.
Sau khi lm sch, phi qut lp lt vinyl cho cc b mt . Lp lt vinyl phi
phun to ra mt mng t ng u trn b mt. B dy mng kh phi trong
khong 7,6 n 12,7 m.
Lp sn hon thin qut trn cc b mt m km sn lt phi quy nh trong
h s hp ng. Nu khng c quy nh khc, lp sn hon thin phi ging nh lp
sn dng trn cng trnh kim loi lin k hoc theo ch dn ca K s.
Khng c thanh ton ring r cho vic chun b v sn cc b mt m km.
Vic n b y cho vic cung cp tt c nhn lc, vt liu, dng c, thit b v ph
ph, v cho mi cng vic lin quan n chun b v sn cc b mt m km nh
cho trong h s hp ng theo Tiu chun ny v theo s ch dn ca K s c
PHN 13: SN 13 - 8 -

xem nh bao gm trong cc gi thanh ton cho cc hng mc hp ng khc nhau
ca cng vic lin quan n cc b mt m km.

13.4 SN G

13.4.1 Tng qut
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, tt c g mi yu cu sn phi
sn vi ba lp sn. Sn dng cho cc lp khc nhau s theo quy nh trong Tiu
chun ny hoc quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Vic sn cc b mt sn trc phi theo yu cu trong h s hp ng v
cc Tiu chun y.

13.4.2 Chun b b mt
Tt c cc lp sn b nt n hoc bong ra, sn thnh bt ri rc, bn t v vt
liu l khc phi lm sch bng bn chi si thp, co hoc cc bin php khc ngay
trc khi sn. Hm lng m ca g khng c qu 20% lc sn lp u trn.

13.4.3 Sn
Sn dng cho kt cu g, tr khi c quy nh khc y, phi nh quy nh
trong h s hp ng. Sn quy nh dng ph ln cc b mt sn trc. Khi
chng c sn cho g cha sn, phi thm vo sn du thng v du lanh theo yu
cu ca tnh cht b mt vi mt lng khng qu mt phn tm ca sn nh quy
nh. Sn phi trng hoc c mu theo ch dn ca K s.
Nu quy nh trong h s hp ng lp sn cui cng l sn en, lp sn th
nht hoc lp lt phi theo quy nh trn.

13.4.4 Qut sn
Khi c K s cho php bng vn bn, lp sn th nht c th qut trc khi
lp dng.
Sau khi lp th nht kh v g lp dng ti ch, tt c cc ch nt n, vt
rn, cc l inh hoc cc l lm khc phi trm mattit cho bng b mt v cho kh
trc khi sn lp th hai.
Sn phi sn bng bn chi hoc phun, hoc con ln, qut u, v sn y
vo trong tt c cc khe nt do kh, cc gc v cc hc lm. Khng c sn tip theo
trc khi ton b b dy lp trc kh.
Cc ng chi sn cui cng bng sn nhm phi theo cng mt chiu
m bo cc ht bt tri ra bng phng.

13.4.5 Sn g x l

G x l bng creosote hoc mt cht bo qun c gc du
pentachlorophenol thng khng phi sn.
PHN 13: SN 13 - 9 -

G x l bng cht bo qun pha nc phi sch v m phi gim xung
di 20% trc khi sn. Mi ht tinh th mui nhn thy c trn mt g phi ra v
chi sch, v li phi gim hm lng nc xung mc quy nh trc khi sn. G
ct gi i sn phi che ph v xp trn cc gin m bo thng gi.

13.4.6 Thanh ton
Khng c thanh ton ring cho vic chun b cc b mt v sn g mi. Vic
sn g hin c c thanh ton tn c s gi tnh gp. Vic n b y cho vic
cung cp mi nhn lc, vt liu, dng c, thit b v ph ph, v lm cc cng vic
lin quan n vic chun b cc b mt v sn g nh cho trong h s hp ng,
theo quy nh trong Tiu chun ny v theo s hng dn ca K s s c xem nh
bao gm trong cc gi thanh ton cho cc hng mc khc nhau ca hp ng v
cng vic lin quan n g mi hoc cc gi thanh ton cho vic sn g hin c.

13.5 SN B TNG

13.5.1 Chun b b mt
Trc khi sn cc b mt b tng, phi ra sch sa xi mng v cc hp cht
bo dng khi cc b mt bng cch thi sch theo iu 13.2.3.1 Lm sch bng
cch thi.
Cc b mt b tng phi hon ton kh v khng c bi t lc sn.
Mi quy trnh v phng php lm kh nhn to phi c K s chp thun.

13.5.2 Sn
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, sn dng cho b tng phi l
nh tng acrylic v v mi mt phi ph hp vi Tiu chun thc hin chi tit ca
Vin cng ngh sn (MPI):
MPI - #10 cho sn phng
MPI - #11 cho sn na bng
MPI - #19 cho sn bng.

Sn ny c th c mu bng cch s dng cc cht c c vn nng hoc
cho mi mc ch.
Ch gii: Trc nm 2005 Tiu chun ny tham kho Tiu chun Lin bang
TT P 19, n b thay th vo nm 2000. Tiu chun lIn bang TT-P-19 quy nh
60 bng t 0 n 20 n v. Tiu chun MPI hin hnh c 60 bng nh sau:
MPI - #10 phng (bng bc 1) 0-5 n v
MPI - #11 na bng (bng bc 5) 35-70 n v
MPI - #19 bng (bng bc 6) 70-85 n v

PHN 13: SN 13 - 10 -

13.5.3 Qut sn
Sn nh tng acrilic phi sn khng t hn hai lp to ra mt v ngoi ng
u.
Ch c sn khi nhit xung quanh t 10
o
C tr ln. Khng c php sn
khi c th d on nhit xung quanh tt xung di 10
o
C trong khi sn v sn
kh.

13.5.4 o c v thanh ton
Chun b v sn b tng c tnh theo tng s tnh gp hoc bng m
2
nh lit
k trong h s hp ng. Khi o theo m
2
, vic o c c xc nh theo b mt ca
din tch thc t sn.
Gi hp ng tr theo tng s tnh gp hoc m
2
, cho vic chun b v sn b
tng phi bao gm n b y cho vic cung cp mi nhn lc, vt liu, dng c,
thit b v ph ph, v cho vic lm mi vic c lin quan trong vic chun b b tng v
sn cc b mt b tng theo quy nh trong Tiu chun ny, theo h s hp ng v
theo ch dn ca K s.
PHN 13: SN 13 - 11 -

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 1997. AASHTO Guide for Painting Steel Structures, GPSS-1, American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
MPI. 2001. MPI Detailed Perfomance Standard - #10. Master Painter Institute, Burnaby,
BC, Canada.
BC, Canada.
BC, Canada.
BC, Canada.
SSPC. 1982. Solvent Cleaning, SSPC-SP 1,. Steel Structures Painting Council, [now
the Society for Protective Coatings], Pittsburgh, PA.
SSPC. 1991. Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages, SSPC-PA
2, Steel Structures Painting Council, [now the Society for Protective Coatings],
Pittsburgh, PA.
SSPC. 1991. Near-White Blast Cleaning, SSPC-SP 10, Steel Structures Painting
Council, [now the Society for Protective Coatings], Pittsburgh, PA.
GSA. 60-Degree Specular Gloss, Federal Specification PTFE-P-19, U.S. General
Services Administration. Cancelled; see MPI # 10, #11, #15, and #19 listed above.

PHN 14: XY 14 - 1 -

PHN 14: XY
MC LC

14.1 M T
14.1.1 hc xy.
14.1.2 o xy.
14.2 VT LIU...
14.2.1 Tng qut...
14.2.1.1 hc.
14.2.1.2 o.
14.2.2 Chuyn ch v ct gi . .
14.2.3 Va.
14.3 GIA CNG XY.
14.3.1 Tng qut...
14.3.2 Hon thin b mt ...
14.3.3 hc xy.
14.3.3.1 C ..
14.3.3.2 Hnh dng
14.3.3.3 Sa sang.
14.3.4 o xy.
14.3.4.1 C ..
14.3.4.2 Sa sang.
14.3.4.3 Cc vin lt dc
14.3.5 vnh vm..
14.4 THI CNG.
14.4.2 Trn va.
14.4.3 La chn v t ...
14.4.3.1 Tng qut
14.4.3.2 hc xy..
14.4.3.3 o xy..
14.4.4 Cc mch nm v cc mch thng ng.
14.4.5 Cc vin ngang
14.4.6 Li v lng tng.
14.4.6.1 Tng qut
14-3
14-3
14-3
14-3
14-3
14-3
14-3
14-4
14-4
14-4
14-4
14-4
14-5
14-5
14-5
14-5
14-5
14-5
14-5
14-6
14-6
14-6
14-6
14-6
14-7
14-7
14-7
14-7
14-8
14-8
14-8
14-8
PHN 14: XY 14 - 2 -

14.4.6.2 .
14.4.6.3 B tng ...
14.4.6.4 Cc lp san bng..
14.4.7 Tng mt dng cho b tng.
14.4.8 nh tng.
14.4.8.1 .
14.4.8.2 B tng
14.4.9 Cht v kp
14.4.10 Cc l thot nc...
14.4.11 Mit mch.
14.4.12 Vm..
Ti liu vin dn ...
14-8
14-9
14-9
14-9
14-9
14-9
14-10
14-10
14-10
14-10
14-11
14-11
14-12

PHN 14: XY 14 - 3 -

PHN 14
XY

14.1 M T

Cng vic ny bao gm vic thi cng cc kt cu xy bng v cc phn xy
bng ca cc kt cu lin hp theo Tiu chun ny v ph hp mt cch hp l vi
cc ng nt v cao cho trong h s hp ng hoc c K s xc lp.
Ch gii: Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD khng c phn xy. Phi
dng cc quy nh ca Tiu chun k thut cu ng t ln xut bn th 17.

14.1.1 hc xy
hc xy nh quy nh y, bao gm cc loi khc nhau c o kh
vung vn v nm trong va xi mng.

14.1.2 o xy
o xy phi gm cc vt xy bng o loi mt t thnh tng lp u
n v bao gm mi cng trnh trong , phn bit vi hc xy, cc vin c
sa sang hoc gia cng theo kch thc chnh xc.

14.2 VT LIU

14.2.1 Tng qut
xy phi dai chc, cht ch, tt v bn lu, khng c st so, khe nt, tp
cht hoc cc khuyt tt kt cu khc. phi thuc loi v cht lng quy nh trong
h s hp ng. Trc khi chuyn ch ti a im cng trnh, Nh thu phi c
s chp thun v ngun kin ngh v phi np mt mu i din cho K s
kim tra v th nghim nu cn. Mu phi sa sang v hon thin nh quy nh
dng trong cng trnh v phi c kch thc cc chiu khng nh hn 150mm. Tt c
cc vin dng trong cng trnh phi c cht lng c th so snh c vi mu
np.
14.2.1.1 hc
dng trong cng trnh xy bng hc khng c c cc b mt trn, mi
mn hoc b phong ho. Mi th b phong ho u phi loi b.
14.2.1.2 o
dng trong cng trnh xy bng o phi c vn tng i mn v ng
u v mu sc. Tt nht, phi ly t mt m m sn phm ca m c bit l
c cht lng tho mn. phi c tnh cht sao cho c th o thnh cc ng nt
v b mt, hoc cong, hoc phng tu theo yu cu. Vin no c khuyt tt sa
cha bng xi mng hoc vt liu khc phi c loi b.

PHN 14: XY 14 - 4 -

14.2.2 Chuyn ch v ct gi .
Cng vic m v vic giao ti a im s dng phi c t chc m
bo giao kp thi trc khi xy. Ti mi thi im, phi c mt khi lng ng quy
nh dng cho php cc th n la chn thch hp.
phi gi khng c bn t, du hoc bt k vt liu c hi no khc c th
ngn cn va bm dnh tt vo hoc lm gim v p ca cc b mt l ra.

14.2.3 Va
Cc thnh phn trn va phi ph hp vi cc yu cu sau:
Xi mng Portland, ph gia v nc; Phn 8 kt cu b tng
Xi mng xy; ASTM C91
Vi ti; ASTM C207
Vi cha ti dng lm va vi; ASTM C5
Ct liu ct; AASHTO M45, (ASTM C144)
Cc thnh phn vt liu phi sao cho th tch ct trong iu kin m, ri rc
trong khong t 2,25 n 3 ln th tch cc vt liu xi mng. Cc vt liu xi mng phi
gm c hoc mt phn xi mng Portland vi t 0,25 n 0,50 phn vi ti hoc va vi,
hoc mt phn xi mng vi t mt n hai phn xi mng xy. C th dng cc vt liu
trn sn ph hp vi cc yu cu ny.
Ch c thm ph gia khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c K s
chp thun.

14.3 GIA CNG XY

14.3.1 Tng qut
Mi vin khng c c nhng ch li lm, c th lm yu vin hoc lm
cho khng th t chng nm ng cch, v phi c hnh dng p ng cc yu cu
i vi loi xy quy nh.
Khi trong h s hp ng khng cho kch thc, cc vin phi cung cp vi
cc kch thc v cc din tch mt cn thit to ra cc c trng chung v v ngoi
nh cho trong h s hp ng.
B dy cc lp, nu thay i, phi gim u t y ln nh tng. Kch thc
ca cc vin cong trong cc vm phi c nu ra trong h s hp ng.
Khi cn cc vin xy ngang, chiu di ca chng khng c nh hn b
rng nn ca vin dc rng nht k bn cng vi 300mm.

14.3.2 Hon thin b mt
V mc ch ca Tiu chun ny, cc kiu hon thin b mt c xc nh
nh sau:
Hon thin nhn: C b mt trong cc thay i t ng chun khng
vt qu 1,5mm.
PHN 14: XY 14 - 5 -

Hon thin mn: C b mt trong cc thay i t ng chun khng vt
qu 6mm.
Hon thin th: C b mt trong cc thay i t ng chun khng vt
qu 12mm.
o: C b mt trong cc thay i t ng chun khng vt qu
20mm.
Kiu mt : C mt mt l nh khng u khng c vt c. Cc on nh
ra ngoi ng chun khng c vt qu 75mm v khng c phn no
ca mt c thp di ng chun.

14.3.3 hc xy
14.3.3.1 C
Cc vin phi c b dy khng nh hn 200mm v b rng khng nh hn
1,5 ln b dy. Khng c vin no, tr cc vin ngang, c c chiu di nh hn 1,5
ln b rng ca n.
14.3.3.2 Hnh dng
phi gn vung cc khe ni, mt nm v mt ngoi. Phi dng cc vin
c chn lc, gn vung vn v phng theo ng chun, ti tt c cc gc v u
tng. Nu quy nh trong h s hp ng, tt c cc gc v gc cnh mt ngoi
phi hon thin vi mt ng vin bng cch c.
Cc b mt nn ca mt phi vung gc vi cc mt trn mt on
khong 75mm v t im ny c th lch khi ng vung gc khng qu 50mm trn
chiu di 300mm. Cc b mt ni ghp ca mt phi to thnh mt gc vi b mt
nn khng nh hn 45
o
.
Mi vic to dng hoc sa sang vin phi lm trc khi t vo tng,
sau khi t khng c php sa sang hoc g ba lm lng vin .
14.3.3.3 Sa sang
phi sa loi b cc phn mng hoc yu. Cc vin mt phi sa
to ra mch ngang v cc mch ng c bin ng ti a l 40mm so vi tuyn ng,
tr khi c ch r khc trong h s hp ng.

14.3.4 o xy
14.3.4.1 C
Cc vin phi ln v cn i. B dy khng nh hn 300mm, cng khng
c ln hn 750mm.
14.3.4.2 Sa sang
phi sa theo ng c v hnh dng trc khi xy v phi o nm trn
cc mt nm t nhin ca chng vi mt trn v di thc song song nhau. Khng
c php lm cc b mt nm lm. Mt nm y phi c ng c ca v khng
vin no c c mt trn hng. Trong thi cng mt , pha mt ca bt k vin
no cng khng c c mt ng vin ct ht k vi cnh y ca chng lm cho
u nng to ra v ngoi khng n nh khi t.
PHN 14: XY 14 - 6 -

Cc mt nm ca mt phi hon thin mn ti mt chiu su khng nh hn
300mm.
Cc mch thng ng ca mt phi hon thin mn v y n, vung vn ti
mt chiu su khng nh hn 225mm.
Cc b mt l ra ca mt phi hon thin b mt cho trong h s hp ng,
vi cc mp lt ti ng tuyn v nghing chnh xc. Cc ng g c rng 44mm
phi ct tt c cc gc ngoi. mt to thnh tr bo v hoc mi cc tr cu phi
hon thin th tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.
Cc l mc khng c php tn ti trn cc b mt l.
14.3.4.3 Cc vin lt dc
Cc vin dc phi c b rng mt nm khng nh hn 1,5 ln b dy. Chiu
di vin mt nm khng c nh hn hai ln cng khng ln hn 3,5 ln b dy
ca chng, cng khng nh hn 900mm.

14.3.5 vnh vm
Cc b mt mch xy ca vnh vm phi hng tm v vung gc vi mt
trc ca . Chng phi sa sang trn mt on t nht 75mm k t mt trc v mt
y, t im ny chng c th lch vi mt phng vung gc vi mt trc khng qu
20mm trn mt on 300mm. Mt sau tip xc vi b tng ca thn vm phi song
song vi mt trc v phi sa sang vi mt on 150mm k t mt trong vm. Mt
trn phi ct vung gc vi mt trc v phi sa vi mt on t nht 75mm k t
mt trc.
Khi b tng c sau khi xy xong , cc vin vnh vm tip gip
phi thay i t nht 150mm v chiu su.
Vic phn lp trong cc vin vnh vm phi song song vi cc mch hng
tm v trong cc khc phi song song vi mt nm.
Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng, mt mu ng kch c ca vnh vm
phi b tr gn a im m , cho thy cc kch thc mt ngoi ca mi vin
vnh vm v b dy cc mch. Mu phi c s chp thun ca K s trc khi bt
u to dng cho mi vin vnh vm, v khng c xy vnh vm trong kt cu
trc khi tt c cc vin vnh vm c to dng, sa sang v c K s chp
thun.

14.4 THI CNG

Khng c xy trong thi tit bng gi hoc khi c cha bng, tr khi
c php bng vn bn ca K s v theo cc iu kin m K s c th yu cu.

14.4.2 Trn va
Va trn phi trn tay hay my, tu theo yu cu ca K s. Trong chun b va
trn bng tay, ct v xi mng phi trn hon ho vi nhau trong mt thng va kn,
sch cho ti khi hn hp c mu sc ng u, sau thm nc vo vi lng
thnh mt khi do qunh. Va trn my c chun b trong mt my trn c chp
PHN 14: XY 14 - 7 -

thun v phi trn khng di 3 pht v khng qu 10 pht. Va phi s dng trong
vng 1,5 gi sau khi trn v trc khi bt u ng cng cui cng. Phi trn li va
khi cn thit duy tr st tt trong khi xy.

14.4.3 La chn v t
14.4.3.1 Tng qut
Khi xy trn mt b mt nn c chun b mt, nn phi vng chc v trc
giao hoc trong cc bc trc giao vi mt tng, v c K s chp thun trc khi
t xy. Khi c t trn mt mng xy, mt ca mng xy phi c lm
sch hon ton v trong iu kin kh mt c ti nc khi tin hnh ri lp va
m.
Mi vic xy phi do cc cng nhn c kinh nghim thc hin, Cc vin mt
phi xp theo mch ngu nhin pht huy tc dng quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Phi ch phng nga vic dn vo mt ch cc vin nh hoc cng mt
c. Khi s dng b phong ho hoc c mu sc, hoc c cu trc bin i,
cn c gng phn phi cc loi khc nhau mt cch ng u trn ton cc mt l
ra ca cng trnh. Phi dng cc vin ln cc lp di v dng cc ln, chn
lc cc gc. Ni chung, phi gim kch c t y ln nh cng trnh.
Mi vin phi ra sch v hon ton bo ho nc trc khi t v nn t
phi sch v kh m. Tt c cc vin phi t chc chn trong va ti. Cc
mch va phi y v phi t cn thn vo ch trc khi va ng cng. Khng
cho php c cc mnh vn trong cc lp nn. Khng cho php chn bng cc
mnh vn trong lp mch nn.
khng c ri hoc trt trn tng, cng khng c g ba, ln hoc
quay cc vin trn tng. Chng phi c t cn thn khng lm chn ng
t v chng phi c mang bng cc mc hoc dng c khc khng gy ra bin
dng.
Trong trng hp mt vin b chuyn ng hoc mch b v, vin phi
c ly ra, lm sch hon ton va trn nn v cc mch, v c t li trong
va mi.
14.4.3.2 hc xy
hc xy phi t theo tuyn v thnh lp tng i ngang bng. Lp y
hoc lp mng phi gm cc vin ln c la chn v tt c cc lp phi t trn
cc lp nn chu lc song song vi nn t nhin ca vt liu. Cc mch thng ng
trong mi lp hc xy phi cch cc mch ca cc lp tip gip t nht 150mm.
Mch thng ng trong mi trng hp khng c trc tip trn hoc di mt
vin ngang.
14.4.3.3 o xy
Cc vin trong bt k mt lp no ca o xy phi t sao cho cc mch
lin kt khng t hn 300mm vi cc vin ca cc lp k bn. Cc vin ngang
phi t trn cc vin dc v ni chung cc vin ngang ca mi lp phi chia u
cc khong cch gia cc vin ngang ca cc lp k bn, nhng khng c vin
ngang no c t trn mt mch v khng c c mt mch no c lm trn
mt vin ngang.

PHN 14: XY 14 - 8 -

14.4.4 Cc mch nm v cc mch thng ng
Cc mch nm v cc mch thng ng trong hc xy phi c mt b dy
trung bnh khng qu 25mm. Cc mch ny trong o xy c b dy khng nh hn
10mm v cng khng ln hn 12mm v b dy ca mch nm v mch thng ng
phi ng u trong sut mch.
B dy ca cc mch nm trong o xy c thay i nh thy t y
ln nh cng trnh. Tuy nhin, trong mi lp cc mch nm phi c b dy ng u
trong sut mch.
Cc mch nm khng c ko di trn mt tuyn khng gy qu nm vin .
Cc mch thng ng trong o xy phi thng ng. Trong tt c cc kt
cu xy khc, cc mch c th nghing so vi ng thng ng mt gc t 0
o
n
45
o
.
Mi vin mt phi lin kt vi tt c cc vin mt k bn t nht 150mm
theo chiu dc v 50mm theo chiu thng ng. Cc mch vnh vm trn cc mt
v y vm khng c c b dy nh hn 6mm v cng khng ln hn 40mm.
Cc mch nm theo chiu ngang i vi cc tng thng ng phi ngang bng
v i vi cc tng nghing chng c th thay i t ngang bng ti trc giao vi
tuyn nghing ca mt tng. Tt c cc mch u phi hon ton y va.

14.4.5 Cc vin ngang
Cc vin ngang phi c kch thc tm tng ging nh mt ngoi v
phi ko di khng t hn 300mm vo trong li hoc lng tng. Chng phi chim
khng t hn 1/5 din tch mt tng v phi phn b u.
Cc vin ngang khi xy tng hc c b dy t 600mm tr xung phi
ko di qua sut tng.
Cc vin o xy phi t trong mi lp v phi c b rng khng nh hn
1,5 ln b dy ca chng.Trong cc tng c b dy t 1200mm tr xung, cc vin
ngang phi ko di qua sut tng. Trong cc tng dy hn, chiu di cc vin
nm ngang khng c nh hn 2,5 ln b dy ca chng khi lp c chiu cao
bng 450mm tr xung, v khng nh hn 1200mm trong cc lp c chiu cao ln
hn. Cc vin ngang phi c tm cch nhau khng qu 2400mm. C hai vin
dc phi c t nht mt vin ngang.

14.4.6 Li v lng tng
14.4.6.1 Tng qut
Cc li v lng tng gm c hoc cc vin t ngang v t dc c mch
nm v mch ng khng bng phng nh quy nh trn, hoc bng b tng Loi B
hoc C, c th quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Cc vin ngang v dc trong cc tng c b dy t 900mm tr xung phi
c chiu rng hoc chiu di bng ton b b dy ca tng. Khng c lm tng
lng.
14.4.6.2
Khi dng lm li hoc lng tng t nht mt na s phi c cng kch c
v c trng nh mt, v c cc u song song. Chiu dy cc lp khng c t
hn 200mm.
PHN 14: XY 14 - 9 -

lng tng phi t theo cng mt cch nh quy nh trn i vi mt,
vi cc vin ngang ci vi cc vin ngang mt tng khi b dy tng cho php.
Lng tng phi c mch khng trng vi cc mch tng mt. li phi t trn
cc mch nm y va lin kt khng t hn 300mm vi mt v lng v gia
chng vi nhau. Cc mch nm trong li lng tng khng c c b dy qu 25mm
v cc mch thng ng khng qu 100mm.
14.4.6.3 B tng
B tng dng lm li v lng lng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8
Kt cu b tng.
Cc thao tc lin quan n vic x l v b tng dng trong li v lng,
tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Tuy
nhin, vic trn v m ln b tng k bn lp mt o xy phi lm cch no
m bo nhi c tt c cc khong trng xung quanh vin v m bo tip xc
y v lin kt c hiu qu vi tt c cc mt .
14.4.6.4 Cc lp san bng
Cc li v lng tng phi xy ti xp x cao lp mt, trc khi bt u
xy lp sau.
Cc mi ni thi cng to ra trong cc li hoc lng tng bng b tng do b
tng gin on ni chung phi nm di mch nm trn cng ca bt c lp xy no
khng t hn 150mm.

14.4.7 Tng mt dng cho b tng
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, phi xy trc khi b
tng.
Phi dng cc neo thp cho trong h s hp ng. ci thin lin kt gia
xy v b tng lng tng, mt sau ca vt xy phi lm khng u n chng no
cc vin cho php.
Sau khi xy lp mt v va cng , tt c cc b mt m b tng
s tip gip vi n phi lm sch cn thn v loi b tt c bn t, vt liu ri rc
v cc tng va ri.
Khi b tng tt c cc khe ca tng xy phi c lp y v b tng phi
c xc cho ti khi b tng tip xc cht ch vi mi b phn ca mt sau tng xy.

14.4.8 nh tng
14.4.8.1
dng lm nh tng, tr v cc b m cu phi c la chn cn thn v
c y kch thc. Trn cc tr, ton b b rng ca nh tr khng c dng qu
hai vin . nh cc b m cu phi rng ko di t nht 100mm di lng
tng. Mi bc to thnh nh ca tng cnh phi c to thnh ch bng mt vin
chm ra ngoi vin lm bc ngay di t nht 300mm.
Mt trn ca nh phi ct vt t nht rng 50mm, y, mt ct xin v mt
trn phi hon thin. Cc mch thng ng phi hon thin nhn v nh phi xy vi
cc mch thng ng dy khng qu 6mm. Mt di phn nh ra ca nh nn c mt
ng rnh nh git nc ma.
PHN 14: XY 14 - 10 -

Cc mch trong nh tng phi t th no to ra mt lin kt khng nh
hn 300mm vi cc vin lp di v sao cho khng c mch no nm ngay di
cc tm gi xy ca kt cu phn trn.
14.4.8.2 B tng
nh tng, b cu v tng lng phi bng vt liu quy nh trong h s hp
ng, khi khng c quy nh khc phi l b tng Loi A ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
Phn 8 Kt cu b tng.
Cc nh tng bng b tng phi lm thnh phn on ko di ht b rng
tng, dy khng t hn 300mm v di t 1500mm n 3000mm. Cc phn on c
th c ti ch hoc c sn v lp t vo v tr trong cc mch nm y va.

14.4.9 Cht v kp
Khi c yu cu, nh, trong cc tng cnh m, v trong tr phi c
gi chc bng cc cht hoc cc vng kp bng st rn nh ch nh trong h s hp
ng.
Cc l cht phi khoan thng mi vin trc khi t ng ch, sau khi t
cc l cht ny phi khoan ko di vo lp di khng t hn 150mm.
Cc kp phi c hnh dng v kch thc nh cho trong h s hp ng
hoc c K s chp thun. Chng phi t vo trong vin sao cho ngang bng
vi cc b mt.
Cc vng kp v cht phi t trong ch, ch lp hon ton cc khong
trng xung quanh bng ch nu chy, hoc phi neo cng bng cc bin php khc
c K s chp thun.

14.4.10 Cc l thot nc
Cc tng v m phi b tr cc l thot nc. Tr khi c nu khc trong h s
hp ng hoc theo ch th ca K s, cc l thot nc phi t ti cc im thp nht
ni c th nc chy thot ra t do v phi cch nhau t tm ti tm khng qu
3000mm. Ti mi l thot phi t nht 0,06m
3
vt liu thot nc bc trong tm vi
lc.

14.4.11 Mit mch
Khng c mit mch trong thi tit bng gi hoc khi c bng.
Khi c th, cc mch ca mt tng phi c mit mch nghim chnh trc
khi va ng cng. Cc mch khng th mit nh ni phi chun b mit bng cch
ci 50mm va ra trc khi va ng cng. Khng va t cc mch phi ra hoc
va dng mit mch dnh vo cc b mt mt .
Mch khng mit lc xy phi hon ton lm t bng nc sch v nhi
y va. Va phi ph hp vi iu 14.2.3 Va tr t l ca va vi phi tng ln
mt na n hai ln th tch xi mng, hoc xi mng phi hon ton l loi xi mng xy.
Phi a va vo trong cc mch v hon thin bng mt dng c mit c chp
thun. Tng phi gi m trong khi ang mit, khi thi tit nng hoc kh khi xy c
mit mch phi c bo v chng nng v gi m t nht ba ngy sau khi hon thnh.
Sau khi mit mch xong v va kh, tng phi ra sch hon ton v trong
iu kin trang nh.
PHN 14: XY 14 - 11 -

14.4.12 Vm
S cc lp v chiu dy cc vnh vm phi theo nh cho trong h s hp
ng. Vnh vm phi xy theo th t ch r trong h s hp ng, phi c kch
thc mi ch v phi c lin kt khng nh hn b dy ca vin . Cc mch nm
phi c th lm cho chng nm trong cc mt phng hng tm. Cc mch ng
hng tm phi nm trong cc mt phng song song vi trc ngang ca vm v khi o
ti mt trong vm, chng khng c dy qu 20mm. Cc mch ng vung gc vi
trc vm khng c c b dy vt qu 25mm khi o ti mt trong vm. Mt trong
vm phi sa sang cho vin nm chnh xc trn gi vm. Cc mt l ca vnh
vm phi hon thin kiu mt vi cc cnh xy theo ng tuyn xy.
Cng vic phi tin hnh t di ln i xng vi nh vm, t trong cc
mch y va v cc mch ng phi phun va nu cn. Khng c php chn bng
cch dng cc mnh vn.
Tng trn vnh vm c th bng b tng Loi B hoc xy bng cc vin
ln c hnh dng ph hp vi vm, lin kt vo cc tng u vm v xy trn cc
mch nm y va. Lng vm v cc mt trong ca tng cnh vm phi trt ngoi
bng mt lp va xi mng 1:2,5 v phi mit nhn bng bay chng thm.
Gi vm, lp chng thm, thot nc v lp phi theo quy nh trong cc
Phn 3 Cng trnh tm, Phn 8 Kt cu b tng, v Phn 21 Chng thm.


Vt xy bng c o hoc theo mt khi hoc theo mt vung theo danh
mc trong h s hp ng. Th tch hoc din tch phi l th tch hoc din tch thc
t xy trong cc kch thc gii hn cho trong h s hp ng, hoc cc kch thc
h s hp ng c th c K s sa li.
Vt xy bng theo nh khi lng o trn, s c thanh ton theo gi
hp ng cho m
3
hoc m
2
. Vic thanh ton ny c xem nh n b y cho
mi chi ph nhn lc, dng c, vt liu v cc hng mc ph khc cho vic hon thnh
tt p cng trnh.
B tng dng cng vi xy c o v thanh ton theo cng cch nh b
tng dng cho cc kt cu.
PHN 14: XY 14 - 12 -

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 2002. Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, 17
th
Edition, HB-17,

rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3

th
PHN 15: CNG TRNH XY BNG KHI B TNG V GCH 15 - 1 -

PHN 15: CNG TRNH XY BNG KHI B TNG V GCH
MC LC

15.1 M T
15.2 VT LIU...
15.2.1 Khi b tng...
15.2.2 Gch
15.2.3 Ct thp..
15.2.4 Va.
15.2.5 Va phun
15.2.6 Ly mu v th nghim...
15.2.6.1 Va..
15.2.6.2 Va phun
15.3 THI CNG.
15.3.2 Xy gch v khi b tng
15.3.3 t ct thp
15.3.4 Rt va cc l rng..
15.3.5 M tng, b cu v tng lng m
Ti liu vin dn ...
15-2
15-2
15-2
15-2
15-2
15-2
15-2
15-3
15-3
15-3
15-4
15-4
15-4
15-4
15-5
15-6
15-6
15-7


PHN 15
CNG TRNH XY BNG KHI B TNG V GCH

15.1 M T

Cng trnh xy bng khi b tng hoc gch gm c cc khi b tng hoc gch
t trong va xi mng v c th khng tng cng hoc tng cng bng ct thp.
y khng bao gm mt ng bng khi b tng hoc gch.
Ch gii: Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD khng c phn cng trnh xy
bng khi b tng v gch. Phi dng cc quy nh ca Tiu chun k thut cu ng
t AASHTO ln xut bn th 17.

15.2 VT LIU

15.2.1 Khi b tng
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng hoc c chp thun bng vn
bn ca K s, tt c cc khi b tng dng cho cng trnh xy phi l cc khi loi I c
khng ch m (Cp N-I) p ng cc yu cu ca ASTM C90. Gi tr ca
m
phi
nh cho trong h s hp ng.
Cc nguyn n khi b tng phi bo v chng ma, tuyt hoc m khc
trong khi ct gi trong hoc ngoi a im cng trnh m bo chng p ng cc
yu cu ca m loi I lc a chng vo cng trnh.

15.2.2 Gch
Gch cho cng trnh xy phi p ng cc yu cu ca Tiu chun i vi gch
xy dng (gch xy c lm t t st hoc phin) AASHTO M114 (ASTM C62)
gch b tng xy dng (ASTM 55) hoc khi xy b tng c chu lc (ASTM C90).
Loi v cp gch cung cp phi nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Gch phi c kt cu ht nh ng u, cht ch, khng c cc cc vi, cc lp
mng, vt nt, rn, mui ho tan, hoc cc khuyt tt khc c th bng cch no
lm gim cng , bn, v ngoi hoc tnh cht s dng vi mc ch d nh. Khi
g bng ba, gch phi pht ra ting ku kim loi, r rng.

15.2.3 Ct thp
Ct thp dng trong cng trnh bng gch hoc khi b tng xy phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu i vi ct thp khng sn trong Phn 9 Ct thp.

15.2.4 Va
Va s dng v mt vt liu, t l v trn phi ph hp vi va quy nh trong
iu 14.2.3 Va v 14.4.2 Trn va.
15.2.5 Va lng

Va lng lp cc l rng ca cc khi xy phi hoc ph hp vi cc yu cu
ca ASTM C476 hoc cc yu cu ca on di y.
Mt phng n khc i vi cc yu cu ca ASTM C476 l cc vt liu ca
va lng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng i vi xi mng,
ct liu, nc v ph gia v theo cc yu cu ca iu 14.2.3 Va i vi vi. Ct
liu th phi c c ht ti a hoc 12mm hoc 10mm. Vi va lng mn, nu nh t l
theo th tch, vt liu xi mng phi gm mt phn xi mng Portland vi khng qu 0,1
phn vi ti hoc va vi v cc ct liu phi gm c ct vi khi lng bng t 2,25
ti 3 ln th tch vt liu xi mng. Vi va lng th, cc t l cng ging nh vi va
lng mn t ct liu th phi thm vo vi khi lng bng 1 n 2 ln tng th tch cc
vt liu xi mng. Nu nh t l theo trng lng cc trng lng s dng phi tng
ng vi trng lng khi dng phng php nh t l theo th tch.
Phi iu chnh t l trn trong cc gii hn cho php nu cn thit tho mn
cc yu cu v tnh d thi cng v cng .
Ch thm ph gia khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c K s chp
thun.
Ch gii: Khi bao gm khi b tng v gch.

15.2.6.1 Va
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, va phi c cng chu nn
28 ngy ti thiu bng 12,5 MPa da trn trung bnh ca ba mu th nghim theo cc
yu cu ca ASTM C780. Cc mu hin trng phi ly nh sau:
Ri 12mm hoc bng b dy mch va ca va trn cc vin xy.
Sau 1 pht ly va i v nn trong mt hnh tr 50mm x 100mm thnh hai
lp bng cch s dng u bng ca mt thanh hoc bng ngn tay, m
bo nhn thy khun c nhi c.
G nh ngay hnh tr v trong iu kin m.
Sau 48 gi ly khun ra v ct trong phng sng cho n khi th.

15.2.6.2 Va lng
Khi c yu cu trong h s hp ng hoc do K s i hi, Nh thu phi ch
to cc mu lng tr va th. Cc mu phi ch to ti a im ang thi cng theo
trnh t sau:
t cc khi xy c cng iu kin m nh cc khi ang xy trn mt nn
khng hp thu nc to thnh mt l rng cho mt lng tr vung c
chiu cao bng hai ln cnh bn v c ti thiu ca cnh bng 75mm.
Lt cc mt bn ca hnh lng tr bng giy thm nc hoc tm ngn xp
cho nc lt qua lp lt vo trong khi xy.
y lng tr vi va mu i din thnh 2 lp. Nho tng lp loi tr
l rng cha khng kh.
Gt bng mu v duy tr trong tnh trng m.
Ly cc lng tr ra khi cc khi xy sau 48 gi v giao cho K s.

Cc lng tr va c th theo cc quy nh ca AASHTO T22 (ASTM C39/C
39M). Va phi t cng nn sau 28 ngy bng 13.8 MPa tr khi c quy nh khc
trong h s hp ng.

15.3 THI CNG

Khng c xy gch hoc khi b tng trong thi tit bng gi hoc khi gch
hoc khi b tng c cha bng, tr khi c php bng vn bn ca K s v chu
cc iu kin m ng ta c th yu cu.

15.3.2 Xy gch v khi b tng
Cc vin gch v khi b tng phi t sao cho chng hon ton dnh kt vo
trong va bng phng php mch n xung, khng c php dng mch kiu
mit va hoc trt va. Gch st nung hoc phin phi hon ton bo ho nc
trc khi t. Khng c lm t cc khi b tng trc hoc trong khi thi cng tr
khi c K s chp thun. Vic b tr cc vin nm ngang v nm dc phi sao cho
dnh kt c c khi, tr khi c quy nh khc, phi xy cc vin ngang v vin dc
xen k nhau vi cc mch ca cc lp k nhau khng trng nhau. Cc loi xp mch
khc nh trang tr, phi theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Tt c cc mch phi hon ton y va. Chng phi c b dy khng nh hn
6mm v khng ln hn 16mm, b dy phi ng u. Tt c cc mch phi hon thin
khi cng vic tin trin, cc mt l ra, phi c v mt cch kho lo, dng mch kiu
thi tit.
Khng c dng cc mnh v hoc vin st tr khi to dng xung quanh
cc l h khng u hoc khi khng th trnh c kt thc mt hng xy, trong
trng hp ny, phi t vin gch nguyn vo gc, cn vin b cht t bn trong
hng.
Mi vin phi c iu chnh v tr cui vng trong khi va cn mm v do.
Cc vin b x lch khi va cng phi b i v t li trong va mi.
Cc thng ng phi bt bng va phi t ng tuyn to ra mt l hng
lin tc khng b tc nghn.
Cc tr v tng c th xy bng gch c, hoc c th gm mt lp v bng
gch hoc v lp bng khi b tng v lp bng b tng hoc vt liu khc ph hp
theo quy nh trong h s hp ng. Tt c cc chi tit thi cng phi theo ng k thut
c chp thun v c K s tho mn.

15.3.3 t ct thp
Trc v trong khi phun va, ct thp phi gi chc chn v tr u v chn
v cc dim trung gian cch nhau khng qu 200 ln ng knh thanh hoc
3000mm. Cc thanh phi t xa cc tng v trong khong 12mm ca v tr d
nh ca chng theo chiu ngang tng v trong khong 50mm ca v tr d nh
theo chiu dc tng.

15.3.4 Rt va cc l rng
Vic thi cng rt va phi tin hnh sao cho tt c cc b phn ca vt xy tc
ng cng nhau nh mt cu kin.
Trc khi rt va, khong trng rt va phi sch cho tt c cc khong
trng cn lp y va khng c c cc mu va xy li ra qu 12mm, cc git va
xy hoc vt l khc. Va phi rt sao cho tt c cc khong trng c rt khng cn
l rng.
Vt liu va v hm lng nc phi c khng ch to ra mt lng
thch hp cho vic rt khng b phn tng.
Cc gii hn v kch c v chiu cao ca khong trng hoc rt va trung
bnh khng c nh hn nh cho trong Bng 15.3.4-1. Cc ch rt va lng cao hn
hoc b rng l rng hoc nh hn nh cho trong Bng 15.3.4-1 c th dng
c khi K s chp thun, nu chng minh c l cc khong trng nhi va
c lp y mt cch tho ng.
Khi theo yu cu trong Bng 15.3.4-1, phi b tr cc l hng dn sch trong
lp xy di cng ca mi ct thng ng nhng khng c cch nhau qu 800mm
tm i vi cc vt xy va ton b. Cc l dn sch phi kch thc cho php
dn rc ri.
Cc khi xy c th xy ti ht chiu cao ca vic rt va v va phi rt trong
mt ln rt lin tc v mi lp va khng c qu 1800mm. Nu dng cc mi ni thi
cng trong cc ct va, chng phi nm bn di cao mt mch nm va xy t
nht 40mm.
Phi trnh vic phn tng cc vt liu va v h hng cho vt xy trong qa
trnh rt va.
Va phi c m cht trc khi b mt tnh do, khi lp y cc khong trng.
Va rt cao qu 300mm phi m cht li bng my lm gim n ti thiu cc l
rng do mt nc. Va khng c rung bng my, phi c nho trn.
Trong cc b phn phi kt cu, va xy c st vo c th thay th cho
va lng khi vt xy c thi cng v va vi cc m t 300mm tr xung.
Cc barie thng ng ca vt xy c th xy ngang qua khong rt va. Vic rt
va mt on tng no gia cc barie phi hon thnh trong mt ngy khng b t
qung qu 1 gi.
Bng 15.3.4-1 Cc gii hn rt va

Kch thc trng ti thiu
Loi va lng

Chiu cao ti
a rt va
mm
B rng khong
va rt
mm
Kch thc
mm x mm

Yu cu l dn
Mn
Mn
Mn
300
1500
2400
20
40
40
40 x 50
40 x 50
40 x 75
Khng
Khng
C

Mn
Mn

Th
Th
Th
Th
Th
3600
7200

300
1500
2400
3600
7200
40
50

40
50
50
65
75
45 x 75
75 x 75

40 x 75
65 x 75
75 x 75
75 x 75
75 x 100
C
C

Khng
Khng
C
C
C

15.3.5 M tng, b mng cu v tng lng m
nh cc tng chn, tng cnh m cu v cc cng trnh tng t bng gch
hoc bng khi b tng l ni chung phi b tr mt m tng bng hoc b tng.
Mt di ca m tng phi c mt dc nghing hoc rnh nh nc ma, t nht
25mm ra qu mt ca tng khi b tng hoc gch. M trn tng lng ca m
thng khng nh ra qu mt b gi cu. Khi dng b tng, m phi ph hp vi cc
yu cu i vi b tng Loi A quy nh trong Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Vi cc m
tng mng, c th dng va c cng t l nh dng xy khi b tng hoc
gch sn xut cc on c sn c chiu di khng nh hn 900mm cng khng
ln hn 1500mm. M tng khng c dy di 100mm.
M cc tr v b gi cu m phi dng o hoc b tng Loi A v phi
ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 14.1.2 o xy hoc i vi b tng theo quy
nh trong Phn 8 Kt cu b tng nh ch nh trong h s hp ng. Tr khi c nu
khc trong h s hp ng phi dng b tng.
Ch gii: Khi xy bng o gm cc khi hnh ch nht t trn cc lp va
ngang.


Vt xy bng khi b tng v gch c o theo s lng mt khi hoc s mt
vung ca loi cng trnh thc t xy dng trong kt cu theo h s hp ng hoc
c K s sa i bng cc vn bn hng dn. Cc n v o cho cc loi xy khc
nhau phi theo lit k trong h s hp ng.
Cc khi b tng v xy c o nh trn, c thanh ton theo gi hp
ng tnh cho mt khi hoc mt vung. Vic thanh ton ny c xem nh n b
y mi chi ph nhn lc, thit b, vt liu v cc chi ph ph khc hon thnh m
mn cng trnh. Vt liu lp phn trong ca tng, ct thp v cc m tng b tng
hay va, c xem nh tnh n trong gi tr cho s mt khi hoc mt vung ca
vt xy bng khi b tng hay gch thc t xy.


Ti liu vin dn

th
Edition, HB-17,

rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3

th

PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 1 -

PHN 16: KT CU G
MC LC

16.1 TNG QUT.
16.1.1 Cng vic lin quan..
16.2 VT LIU...
16.2.1 G trn v g x (x lin hoc dn tng lp)..
16.2.2 Cc thnh phn bng thp..
16.2.3 Cc vt c
16.2.4 ng kim.
16.2.5 M
16.2.5.1 Tng qut
16.2.6 Cc b lin kt g.
16.2.6.1 Kch thc..
16.2.6.2 Vng lin kt ch khe
16.2.6.3 Tm lin kt chng ct.
16.2.6.4 B lin kt bng bn chng inh to
16.3 CH TO V THI CNG ..
16.3.1 Cht lng.
16.3.2 Ct gi vt liu..
16.3.3 G x l.
16.3.3.1 Bc xp
16.3.3.2 Lm mng v khoan..
16.3.3.3 Vt ct v xc mn.
16.3.3.4 Cc l khoan..
16.3.3.5 Lin kt tm thi
16.3.4 Lp cc b lin kt
16.3.5 L cho bu lng, cht, thanh hoc vt g
16.3.6 Bu lng v vng m
16.3.7 Khot loe ming
16.3.8 Lm mng..
16.3.9 B kiu khung..
16.3.9.1 Dm trn mt t (Dm t) ...
16.3.9.2 Cc b b tng...
16.3.9.3 Dm
16-3
16-3
16-3
16-3
16-4
16-4
16-4
16-4
16-4
16-5
16-5
16-6
16-7
16-7
16-7
16-7
16-7
16-8
16-8
16-8
16-8
16-8
16-8
16-8
16-9
16-9
16-9
16-10
16-10
16-10
16-10
16-10
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 2 -

16.3.9.4 Ct
16.3.9.5 M cc.
16.3.9.6 Thanh ging
16.3.10 Dm dc...
16.3.11 Sn bng vn g.
16.3.12 Sn vn ng ng inh...
16.3.13 Mt cu bng cc khoang g dn tng lp
16.3.14 Mt cu lin hp g - b tng..
16.3.15 G chn bnh xe v lan can.
16.3.16 Gin g.
16.4 SN
16.5 O C.
16.6 THANH TON..
Ti liu vin dn ...
16-10
16-10
16-11
16-11
16-11
16-11
16-12
16-13
16-13
16-13
16-13
16-13
16-14
16-15

PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 3 -

PHN 16
KT CU G

16.1 TNG QUT

Cng vic ny gm c thi cng kt cu g v cc b phn bng g trong cc kt
cu lin hp theo ng bn Tiu chun ny v kh st vi cc chi tit cho trn h s
hp ng hoc do K s xc nh.
Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp, chun b, ch to, lp dng, x l v sn
g. Tt c cc g, x l hoc khng x l, phi thuc loi cp v kch thc quy nh,
cng bao gm c g x kh c kch c v cp quy nh v tt c cc kim loi yu
cu lin kt v ging g.

16.1.1 Cng vic lin quan
Cc cng vic khc lin quan n vic thi cng cc kt cu g phi theo nh
quy nh trong cc chng thch hp ca bn Tiu chun ny. Bao gm nhng khng
gii hn ;
Phn 4 Mng cc ng.
Phn 13 Sn.
Phn 17 X l v bo qun g.
Phn 20 Lan can.

16.2 VT LIU

16.2.1 G trn v g x (x lin hoc dn tng lp)
G trn v g x phi ph hp vi cc tiu chun i vi sn phm g AASHTO
M168.
G kt cu dn tng lp phi ph hp vi Tiu chun quc gia M ANSI/AITC
A190.1, Tiu chun i vi g kt cu dn tng lp. Cc lp vn g ring bit khng
c c b dy tnh vt qu 50mm. Chng c th gm cc tm ni u nhau lm
thnh mt on di, cc tm t hoc dn cnh vi cnh lm cc tm rng hn
hoc cc tm un theo khun cong trong khi dn. Trn cc cu kin kt cu g dn
tng lp khng c x l bo qun, phi qut mt cht bt kn u c chp thun
sau khi u mi cu kin lm xong c ct sa.
Phi nu r cp g s dng cho cc mc ch kt cu khc nhau nh quy nh
trong h s hp ng.
G vn v g trn kt cu, x c hoc dn tng lp, trong cc kt cu thng
xuyn b phi ra ngoi, tr cc vn xe chy trn mt cu, phi c x l theo cc yu
cu ca Phn 17 X l v bo qun g. Cc kt cu g x hoc g trn tm thi
thuc mt s loi no c cc yu cu li g thch hp nh ghi trong AASHTO
M168, khi h s hp ng cho php khng cn x l bo qun.
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 4 -

Khi h s hp ng yu cu chng ch xc nhn cht lng g trn hoc g x,
Nh thu phi cung cp cc chng ch hp cch sau y cho K s, tu theo yu cu
khi giao vt liu ti a im cng trnh.
Vi g trn v g x, mt chng chi do c quan c U ban Tiu chun g
M xc nhn rng g trn v g x ph hp vi cp, chng loi v bt k yu
cu quy nh no khc.
i vi g dn tng lp, mt chng ch ca mt c quan th nghim v gim
st c t cch xc nhn rng g dn tng lp ph hp vi cp, chng loi
v cc yu cu quy nh khc trong ANSI/AITC A-190.1.
Nu g c x l vi mt cht bo qun, phi cung cp mt chng ch hp
cch theo quy nh trong iu 17.3.3 Chng ch hp cch.

Ch gii: G kt cu dn tng lp nh dng trong ANSI/AITC A-190.1, l mt
sn phm k thut, c xp loi theo ng sut ca mt nh my x vn g, gm c
cc lp g mng c chun b v la chn ph hp lin kt cht ch vi nhau
bng cc cht dnh s dng t. Th ca tt c cc lp g u gn nh song song vi
nhau theo chiu dc.

16.2.2 Cc thnh phn bng thp
Cc thanh, tm, thanh c l, v thp hnh phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp 36 (Cp 250) tr khi c quy nh
khc trong h s hp ng.

16.2.3 Cc vt c
Cc vt c phi bng thp hoc st xm c, theo quy nh trong h s hp
ng, ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 11.3.5 Vt c bng thp hoc 11.3.6 Vt
c bng st.

16.2.4 ng kim
Bu lng, ai c, bu lng xuyn v cht c th bng thp mm. Vng m c th
bng gang c ng g hnh ch S hoc bng st mm c hoc c th c dp t
thp tm mm, theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Bu lng phi c u hnh vung, lc gic hoc u vm tiu chun, hoc u
(vng m) loi kinh t. inh phi ct hoc bng si thp trn dng tiu chun. inh to
phi ct hoc l inh thp trn, hoc inh thuyn, tu theo quy nh. Tr khi c quy nh
khc, bu lng phi ph hp vi ASTM A307, v phi c ren th, dung sai Loi 2 ph
hp vi Tiu chun ANSI. B18.2.2. ai c vung v lc gic theo ANSI B18.2.4.6M ai
c lc gic dy h mt.
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng hoc c php lm khc, tt c
cc g lp, bao gm inh, inh to, bu lng, cht, vng m v cc vt g m vung
phi m km.

16.2.5 M
16.2.5.1 Tng qut
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 5 -

Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, tt c cc ng kim dng cho
kt cu g phi m theo AASHTO M232M/M232 (ASTM A153/A 153M) hoc m
cadmium theo AASHTO M199 (ASTM B696). Tt c cc thnh phn thp, cc b lin
kt g, v cc vt c, ngoi st dt mng phi m km theo AASHTO M111M/M111
(ASTM A123/A 123M).

16.2.6 Cc b lin kt g
16.2.6.1 Kch thc
Cc loi ph tng lin kt g khc nhau ni chung cn ph hp vi kch thc
cho trong cc Bng 16.2.6.1-1a v 16.2.6.1-1b vi cc kch thc quy nh trong iu
ny.
Bng 16.2.6.1-1a Cc kch thc in hnh ca cc b lin kt g
(kch thc tnh bng mm)

Vng ch
65mm 100mm
Vng ch
ng knh trong tm khi khp kn 63.5 101.6
B dy kim loi trung tm 4.1 4.9
Chiu cao kim loi (b rng vng) 19.1 25.4
Rnh:
ng knh trong 65.0 103.6
Chiu rng 4.6 5.3
Chiu cao 9.5 12.7
ng knh bu lng: 12.7 M20
ng knh l 14.3 20.6
Vng m, tiu chun
Trn, st c hoc dt
ng knh 66.7 76.2
Trn, thp mm
ng knh 34.9 50.8
B dy 2.4 4.0
Tm vung, thp mm
Chiu di cnh 50.8 76.2
B dy 3.2 4.8

PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 6 -

Bng 16.2.6.1-1b Kch thc in hnh ca cc b lin kt g (mm)

Tm chng ct (kch thc bng mm)
Tm chng ct
Vt liu Thp nn C nh Dt Dt
ng knh tm 66.5 66.5 102.4 102.4
ng knh l bu lng 20.6 20.6 20.6 23.9
B dy tm 4.4 3.00 5.1 5.1
Chiu cao cnh 10.7 8.9 16.3 16.3
ai ging bng thp hoc thp hnh dng vi cc tm chng ct phi thit k theo
cc k thut xy dng c chp thun
ng knh l bu lng trong
ai ging hoc thp hnh
20.6 20.6 20.6 23.8
Mng trn Kch thc
A 66.8 66.8 102.4 102.4
B - 27.2 39.4 39.4
C 20.6 20.6 20.6 23.9
D - 16.5 24.6 24.6
E 4.8 3.3 6.9 6.9
F 11.4 9.7 16.3 16.3
G 6.3 3.6 5.6 5.6
H - 8.6 12.7 12.7
I 57.1 60.2 88.6 88.6
L bu lng - ng knh
trong g
20.6 20.6 20.6 23.8
Vng m, tiu chun
Trn, ng knh st c
hoc dt
76.2 76.2 76.2 88.9
Trn, thp trung bnh ti thiu:
ng knh 50.8 50.8 50.8 57.2
B dy 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.4
Tm vung
Chiu di cnh 76.2 76.2 76.2 76.2
B dy 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3

16.2.6.2 Vng lin kt ch khe
Vng ch khe c ng knh trong 65mm v 100mm phi ch to t thp
carbon cn nng ph hp vi Tiu chun SAI-1010 ca Hi cc k s t ng ho. Mi
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 7 -

vng phi to thnh mt vng trn thc, kn v c trc chnh ca tit din ngang ca
vng kim loi song song vi trc hnh hc ca vng. Tit din kim loi c vt xin t
phn trung tm ra ti mp b dy mp nh hn tit din gia. Vng c ct t
mt ch trn chu vi, to thnh mt mng v l mng.
Ch gii: Kch thc vng lin kt ch khe tham kho SAE-1010 thp carbon
nm trong s tay tiu chun tp 1, 1995 ca Hi k s t ng ho
16.2.6.3 Tm lin kt chng ct
Cc tm lin kt chng ct bng thp nn c ng knh bng 66mm phi c
ch to t thp carbon cn nng ph hp vi Tiu chun SAE-1010 ca Hi k s t
ng ho. Mi tm phi l mt ng trn thc s vi mt g xung quanh mp, vung
gc vi mt tm thp v ch c mt mt, tm thp c mt l bu lng gia v hai l
nh hai pha i din ca l bu lng v gia on t tm ti chu vi.
Cc tm chng ct bng st dt c ng knh 100mm phi c ch to theo
ASTM A47/A 47M, Cp 32510 (Cp 22010) i vi vt c bng st dt. Mi vt c
phi gm c mt tm trn c l vi mt g xung quanh mp vung gc vi mt tm v
ch c g mt mt, tm c mt l bu lng gia c doa ng kch thc vi ng
lt ng tm vi l bu lng v th ra cng mt pha vi g.
Ch gii: Kch thc tm lin kt chng ct tham kho SAE-1010 thp carbon
nm trong s tay tiu chun tp 1, 1995 ca Hi k s t ng ho.
16.2.6.4 B lin kt bng bn chng inh to
B lin kt bn chng inh to phi ch to t ASTM A47/A 47M, Cp 32510
(Cp 22010) i vi vt c bng st dt.
Cc bn chng vung gm c bn hng inh i din to thnh mt mng inh
vung 103mm vi 16 rng c gi ti ch bng hn. Cc ng hn i vi mng
phng phi c tit din ngang dng hnh thoi. Cc ng hn i vi mng inh ng
cong n phi tng thm v chiu dy b vo cong v phi duy tr mt b dy
gia cc mt nghing ca ng hn bng b rng ca ng hn.
Cc bn chng trn c ng knh bng 81mm gm c tm inh i din cch
u nhau xung quanh chu vi ngoi cng v gi ti ch bng cc ng hn lin kt
xung quanh chu vi ngoi v cc ng hn hng tm ti mt ng hn trn trung
tm to thnh mt l bu lng 31mm. Tit din ngang ng hn gc phi c dng hnh
thoi tr ng hn trn trong cng c th lm dp mt pha lm du nhn dng ca
nh sn xut.

16.3 CH TO V THI CNG

16.3.1 Cht lng
Cht lng phi u l loi mt, v tt c cc khung phi ng v chnh xc. Tr
khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, inh v inh to phi ng vi lc va
u inh ngang bng vi b mt g. Cc vt ba su trong b mt g c xem l do
cht lng km v loi b cng nhn lm vic ny.

16.3.2 Ct gi vt liu
G trn v g x phi ct gi ti hin trng thnh chng ng th t. Cc vt
liu khng x l phi xp thnh cc ng tha trn cc gi cao trn mt t t nht
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 8 -

300mm trnh hp thu m ca t v cho khng kh lu thng, chng phi xp
ng th no cho php khng kh lu thng t do gia cc hng cc lp. Trong cc
trng hp c bit m K s yu cu, Nh thu phi che ph thch ng bo v g
chng nng ma. t bn di v vng ln cn g phi sch c v rc ri. Khu vc
ct gi phi chn hoc xy dng th no nc khng ng di hoc gn ng g
ct gi.

16.3.3 G x l
16.3.3.1 Bc xp
G x l phi bc xp cn thn khng nh ri t ngt, lm v nt cc th
ngoi, lm st so v m vo b mt g bng cc dng c. G phi cu bng cc dy
quang. Khng c dng cc mc xin, cuc chim hoc mc. Khi dng cc di kim loi
b cc cu kin, phi b tr cc tm m bo v cc gc khng lm h hng g
x l.
16.3.3.2 Lm mng v khoan
Mi vic ca ct, lm mng v khoan g x l phi lm trc khi x l chng
no c th c. Khi g x l phi t trong nc b cc loi mt bin ph hoi, phi
trnh ch b ct khng c x l, l khoan hoc cc mng ni di mc nc cao.
16.3.3.3 Vt ct v xc mn
Tt c cc vt ct v cc hc lm to thnh khi khot vo cc g trn v cc g
x l creosote, v tt c cc ch b xc mn sau khi xn gt cn thn phi
c x l hin trng theo quy nh trong on ny hoc trong on sau. Cc vt
ct v cc hc lm phi c qut hai lp hn hp 60% du creosote v 40% hc n
hoc qut t nht hai lp du creosote nng v ph ln trn hc n nng. Cc hc lm
c th tch t cc cht c hi phi c lp bng hc n nng. Tr khi c quy nh khc
trong h s hp ng, cc cht bo qun nng phi un nng ti mt nhit gia
66
o
C v 93
o
C. Ni no cn lp ph c bit, c th pha ch mt hp cht do ph hp
bng cch trn 10 ti 20% creosote v 80 ti 90% hc n than .
Vi g x l ban u bng pentachlorophenol, creosote, dung dch creosote
hoc cc cht bo qun pha nc, tt c cc vt ct, vt lm, xc mn xy ra sau khi
x l phi c x l ti hin trng bng hai lp dy cht bo qun ph hp vi cc
yu cu ca Tiu chun M4 Tiu chun gi gn cc sn phm g x l bng p lc
ca Hip hi nhng ngi bo qun g M.
16.3.3.4 Cc l khoan
Tt c cc l khoan sau khi x l phi c x l bng cch lp y cc l vi
cht bo qun dng x l ti hin trng. Sau khi x l, tt c cc l khng lp bu
lng hoc cc vt khc phi c nt li bng cc nt x l bo qun.
16.3.3.5 Lin kt tm thi
Khi c s chp thun ca K s, cc vn khun hoc thanh chng tm thi
c lin kt vi g x l bng inh hoc inh mc, cc l do inh gy ra phi c
x l nh yu cu i vi cc l khoan v phi lp bng cc inh, inh mc m km
ng vo hoc bng cc nt x l bo qun ngang bng vi b mt g.

16.3.4 Lp cc b lin kt
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 9 -

Nh quy nh trong h s hp ng, cc b lin kt g phi l mt trong cc loi
sau y: vng ch, tm chng ct hoc bn chng inh mc. Cc loi vng ch v tm
chng ct phi c lp trong cc rnh xoi trc c kch thc cho y hoc theo
li khuyn ca nh sn xut. Cc bn chng inh mc phi p vo trong g g tip
xc chc chn vi nhau. Phi dng thit b p lc khng gy h hi cho g. Mt
phng php c th chp nhn c l dng cc bu lng cng cao hoc cc
thanh cng cao lp vi cc vng m bi ma st thp. Cc bu lng cng cao
s c thay th bng bu lng quy nh khi lp t cui cng. Tt c cc b lin kt
ny ti mt mi ni phi c lp ng thi v ng u.
Cc mng rnh ca b lin kt khn trong g phi ct ng tm vi l bu lng,
phi ph hp vi hnh dng tit din ngang ca vng, v phi lp va kht. ng knh
trong ca rnh phi ln hn ng knh danh nh ca vng vng hi gin n trong
khi lp nh quy nh trong cc Bng 16.2.6.1-1a v 16.2.6.1-1b.
Vic ch to tt c cc cu kin g s dng b lin kt phi lm trc khi x l
bo qun. Khi ch to trc t cc khun mu hoc chi tit ca xng, cc l bu lng
khng c ln hn 1.5mm so vi vic lp t cn thit. L bu lng phi ln hn
ng knh bu lng hon thin 1.5mm. Cc l bu lng phi khoan vung gc vi mt
g.
G sau khi ch to phi ct gi th no phng nga c cc s thay i v
kch thc cc cu kin trc khi lp rp. G phi bo dng trc khi ch to c
th gi kch thc c n nh. G co ngt trong khi ct gi lm cho cc rnh khoan
trc cho cc vng ch hoc tm chng ct thnh hnh elip hoc lm cho khong cch
l bu lng thay i l loi b.

16.3.5 L cho bu lng, cht, thanh hoc vt g
Cc l cho cc bu lng v cht trn phi khoan nh hn ng knh bu lng
hoc cht s dng 1.5mm. ng knh l dng cho cc inh c hoc cht vung phi
bng kch thc nh nht ca inh c hoc cht.
Cc l cho bu lng gia cng bng my phi khoan gn nh cng mt ng
knh nh bu lng hon thin, tr khi c quy nh khc i vi bu lng trong tm lin
kt.
Cc l dng cho cc thanh thp phi khoan vi ng knh ln hn ng knh
thanh thp 1.5mm.
L cho vt u vung phi khoan khng ln hn thn ca vt chn ren.
phng nga ren b t hoc tc ra, l ca thn vt phi khoan vi cng ng knh v
cng chiu su nh thn. Chiu su cc l i vi vt u vung phi nh hn chiu
di di u vt khong 25mm.

16.3.6 Bu lng v vng m
Mt vng m, c kch thc v loi quy nh, c dng di tt c cc u
bu lng (tr i vi cc bu lng g c cc u loi tit kim) v ai c m nu khng c
vng m u bu lng s tip xc vi g.
ai c ca cc bu lng phi c hm c hiu qu sau khi chng c xit cht
ln cui.

16.3.7 Khot loe ming
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 10 -

Cn khot loe ming khi cn c b mt nhn hoc bng phng. Tt c cc ch
hm do khot loe ming trong g x l phi c x l nh quy nh trong iu
16.3.3.3 Vt ct v xc mn. Cc l hm c th ng cc vt liu c hi phi lp
bng hc n nng.
16.3.8 Lm mng
Tt c g trn v g x phi c ct v lm mng chnh xc kht cht cho
cc mi ni c t trn ton b din tch tip xc. Cc l mng phi c kch thc
chnh xc trn ton chiu su ca l v cc mng phi kht cht. Khng c php
chm khi lm mi ni, cng khng chp nhn cc mi ni h.

16.3.9 B kiu khung
16.3.9.1 Dm trn mt t (Dm t)
Dm trn mt t phi t chc chn v bng phng t ln t vng vng v
m nen vo v tr. Dm t phi x l bo qun bng p lc tip xc vi t . Khi
cho php lm dm t bng g khng x l, g phi l loi g li tuyt tng, li g
bch, g hng sc hoc loi g bn khc c K s chp thun.
16.3.9.2 Cc b b tng
Cc b b tng cc gi kiu khung phi c hon thin cn thn
dm hoc ct c th gi bng phng. Cc cht neo dm hoc ct khng c c
ng knh nh hn 20mm v th ra t nht 150mm trn mt b. Cc cht ny phi c
trong b b tng. B tng v ct thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt
cu b tng v phn 9 Ct thp tng ng.
16.3.9.3 Dm
Dm phi gi chc chn v bng phng trn dm t, cc hoc b. Chng
phi bt bu lng vo dm t, hoc cc bng cc bu lng c ng knh khng nh
hn 20mm v n su vo trong m t hoc cc t nht 150mm, hoc bng cc loi
lin kt khc cho chi tit trong h s hp ng. Khi c th, phi o ht t tip xc vi
dm khng kh t do lu thng quanh dm .
16.3.9.4 Ct
Ct phi lin kt vi b bng cht c ng knh khng nh hn 20mm ko di
t nht 150mm vo trong ct, hoc bng cc loi lin kt khc cho chi tit trong h s
hp ng.
Ct phi lin kt cht vi dm bng mt trong cc phng php sau, theo
quy nh trong h s hp ng:
Bng cht c ng knh khng nnh hn 20mm, ko di t nht 150mm vo
trong ct v dm .
Bng bu lng c ng knh khng nh hn 20mm, ng cho qua chn ct
v ko di t nht 225mm vo trong dm
Bu lng phi ng trong cc l theo yu cu ca iu 16.3.5 L bu lng,
cht, thanh hoc vt g theo mt gc 45
o
v phi xuyn vo ct t nht
150mm bn trn thn ct.
Bng cc lin kt khc theo chi tit cho trong h s hp ng.

16.3.9.5 M cc
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 11 -

M cc g phi t thng hng, m bo gi bng phng v ng u trn cc
u cc hoc ct . Tt c cc m phi lin kt chc chn bng bu lng c ng
knh khng nh hn 20mm ko di t nht 225mm vo trong ct hoc cc, hoc bng
cc lin kt khc cho chi tit trong h s hp ng. Bu lng phi nm gn ng tm
ca ct hoc cc.
16.3.9.6 Thanh ging
Thanh ging phi bt bu lng qua cc, ct hoc m u thanh v tt c cc
giao dim bng mt bu lng c ng knh khng nh hn 16mm. Thanh ging phi c
chiu di c mt khong cch ti thiu bng 200mm gia bu lng pha ngoi v
u thanh ging.

16.3.10 Dm dc
Dm dc phi c kch thc ti ch gi v phi v tr sao cho cc mt g
gn mp phi pha trn ca dm.
Cc dm pha ngoi c th ni i u vi cc u ct vt, nhng cc dm bn
trong phi chm ln nhau gi trn ton b b rng ca dm ngang mt cu hoc m
mi u dm dc. Cc u ni chm ca dm dc khng x l phi cch nhau t nht
12mm khng kh lu thng v phi c nh bng bu lng khi c quy nh trong h s
hp ng. Khi cc dm dc c chiu di ca hai khoang, cc mi ni phi t so le.
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, phi t cc cu kin chy
ngang hoc cc dm ngang chn ti im gia mi khu . Cu kin chy ngang cc
dm dc phi lm mng gn gh v chnh xc v ng inh chc chn vi t nht hai
inh mi u. Tt c cu kin chy ngang phi gi y ti mi u ln dm dc.
Cc dm ngang chn phi kht cht v gi ti ch bng cc dy treo ch sn bng thp
m hoc bng cc thanh thp trn lin kt chi tit cho trong h s hp ng.
16.3.11 Sn bng vn g
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc vn lm sn phi c sa
sang bn mt (S4S).
Sn vn n gm c mt lp vn n gi trn cc dm dc hoc dm sn. Vn
phi t mt li xung di, vi cc khe 6mm gia cc vn g kh v t kht nhau
vi vn g cha kh. Mi vn ng inh to chc chn vo mi dm sn. Vn phi chn
cn thn v b dy v phi t sao cho hai vn k nhau c b dy khng chnh lch
qu 3mm.
Sn g hai lp gm c hai lp vn sn gi trn dm dc hoc dm sn. Lp trn
phi t cho gc hoc song song vi ng tim mt ng tu theo quy nh trong h
s hp ng, v mi tm sn phi lin kt chc chn vo lp di. Cc mi ni phi
lch nhau t nht 900mm. Nu lp vn trn t song song vi ng tim ng, phi
c bit ch n vic lin kt chc chn cc u vn. mi u cu, cc thanh ny
phi vt xin.

16.3.12 Sn vn ng ng inh
Cc vn ng phi t trn cnh mp, vung gc vi tim ng. Mi tm vn
c ng inh vo lp vn trc theo Hnh 16.3.12-1. Cc inh to phi chiu di
xuyn qua hai tm vn ng v xuyn vo tm th ba t nht mt na.
Nu dng gi bng g, c hai tm vn phi ng vo mt gi . C inh
phi theo nh cho trong h s hp ng. Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng, cc
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 12 -

vn ng phi lin kt chc chn vo cc gi bang thp bng cch dng cc kp
kim loi m c chp thun. Phi ch mi tm vn u thng ng v st kht
vi tm vn trc, v gi u ln tt c cc gi

Hnh 16.3.12-1 S ng inh

16.3.13 Mt cu bng cc khoang g dn tng lp
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc khoang mt cu phi x l
bo qun bng p lc vi creosote hoc pentachlorophenol c vt ti Loi A, C hoc D.
Khi khng th hon thnh vic ch to v khoan cc cu kin g dn tng lp lin
kt ti hin trng trc khi x l, cc ch b ct hoc khoan hin trng phi c
x l bo qun theo iu 16.3.3.3 Vt ct v xc mn v iu 16.3.3.4 Cc l
khoan.
Cc khoang g khng c ko hoc y trt. Cc khoang mt cu bng g
dn tng lp phi c cu v vn chuyn theo cch no khng un cong
khoang mt cu, c bit l un ngang cc tm vn dn. Khi cu, chng phi c
ti mt s im trnh lm vic qu ti, v cc mp phi c bo v chng h
hng.
Khi trn cc bn v cho v cc cht gia cc khoang mt cu, phi dng mt
khun mu hoc mt mu dn hng khoan m bo cc l cht c cch nhau
chnh xc. Cc l phi khoan ti mt chiu su ln hn mt na chiu di cht 6mm v
c cng ng knh cht tr khi trong h s hp ng c ghi khc. Phi dng mt cht
tm thi kim tra xem c kht khng trc khi khoan hng lot. Cc cht phi c
kch thc cho trong h s hp ng vi cc mi hi thon hoc trn. C th dng mt
cht bi trn qu trnh lin kt c d dng.
Cc mi cht phi t mt phn hoc u nhau vo trong cc l ca hai khoang
ang c ni. Cc khoang phi ko vo nhau v gi cho cc mp song song, cho n
khi cc khoang st u nhau. Mi khoang phi lin kt cht ch vi mi dm dc hoc
dm nh cho trong h s hp ng.
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 13 -

16.3.14 Mt cu lin hp g - b tng
Cn cc lin kt chng ct v to kh nng ko xung gia cc phn g v b
tng c thit k lm vic lin hp vi nhau, cc lin kt ny c cung cp v lp
t theo ng cc chi tit cho trong h s hp ng. Nu khng cho cc chi tit v
kt cu c ni trong h s hp ng l lin hp, th Nh thu phi np cc bn v thi
cng v cc chi tit v trang b nh vy K s chp thun trc khi bt u cng
vic.

16.3.15 G chn bnh xe v lan can
Cc g chn bnh xe v lan can phi lm mng chnh xc theo h s hp ng
v lp dng theo ng tuyn v cao . Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp
ng, cc g chn bnh, tay vn v ct tay vn phi c gia cng bn mt (S4S). G
chn bnh phi t vi cc on khng ngn hn 3600mm, tr khi cn thit khp
vi cc khe gin n khoc khe ni u.
Lan can phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong Phn 20 Lan can.

16.3.16 Gin g
Cc gin g khi hon thnh khng c c ng nt khng u n. M gin
phi thng v chnh xc t u n ti u kia trong hnh chiu nm ngang v trong hnh
chiu thng ng, m phi l mt ng cong nhn qua cc tit im cc khoang gin
ph hp vi vng chnh xc. Tt c cc b mt t phi kht chnh xc. Cc im t
ct khng bng phng hoc x x s l nguuyn nhn loi b thanh g c cc khuyt
im .

16.4 SN

Tay vn v ct tay vn bng g hoc bt k b phn no khc c ch nh phi
sn trong h s hp ng phi c sn vi ba lp sn quy nh. Sn v vic sn
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong Phn 13 Sn.
Cc b phn kim loi, tr ng kim, kim loi m km hoc m cadmium, v st
dt phi sn mt lp trong phn xng v sau khi lp dng, phi sn hai lp hin
trng theo quy nh tgrong Phn 13 Sn.

16.5 O C

Vic o g trn v g vn c tnh t cc kch thc danh nh v chiu di
thc t. Cc kch thc tit din ngang trong h s hp ng c hiu l cc kch
thc tiu chun. Cc kch thc tit din ngang tiu chun c dng trong cc tnh
ton ngay c khi kch thc thc t nh hn kch thc quy nh.
G trong g chn bnh xe phi c tnh. G trong cc, lan can v cc hng
mc khc c thanh ton ring khng c tnh.
Vic o c i vi dm t hp v dm bng g dn tng lp c tnh t cc
kch thc hon thin v chiu di thc t. Cc khi lng i vi cc dm t hp v
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 14 -

dm bng g dn tng lp c thanh ton l s mt di cho mi t hp kch thc v
ng sut.
Vic o cc dm t hp v dm bng g trn, g vn, v g dn tng lp ch
bao gm s vt liu l mt phn ca cng trnh hon thnh v c chp nhn,
khng tnh cc vt liu dng lp dng nh gio, thanh chng, vn p v.v..
Khi lng thanh ton phi l s mt khi ca mi loi v cp g trn v g vn
lit k trong h s hp ng hon thnh ti ch v c nghim thu.

16.6 THANH TON

Vic thanh ton cho cc dm t hp v dm bng g trn, g x v bng g dn
tng lp c xem l n b y cho mi chi ph cung cp vt liu, gm c lin
kt v ng kim, x l bo qun, thit b, dng c, v nhn lc ch to, lp dng,
v sn cn thit cho vic hon thnh mi cng vic ph hp vi h s hp ng mt
cch m mn.
Cc b phn kim loi, ngoi ng kim v cc lin kt g phi c o v thanh
ton theo quy nh trong Phn 23 Kim loi khc.
Lan can v b tng phi o v thanh ton nh quy nh trong Phn 20 Lan can
v Phn 8 Kt cu b tng tng ng.
PHN 16: KT CU G 16 - 15 -

Ti liu vin dn

th

ANSI and AITC. 2002. American National Standard for Structural Glued Laminated
Timber, ANSI/AITC A 190.1, American Institute of Timber Construction, Englewood,
CO.

ASME. 1979. Metric Heavy Hex Nuts, B18.2.4.6M, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, Fairfield, NJ. Reaffirmed 1998.

ASME. 1987. Square and Hex Nuts, B18.2.2, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, Fairfield, NJ. Inch series. Reaffirmed 1999.

AWPA. 2002. Standard for the Care of Preservative-Treated Wood Products, AWPA
M4-02, American Wood-Preservers Association, Selma, AL.

SAE. 1995. Society of Automotive Engineers Specification Manual, Volume 1, Society
of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.

PHN 17: X L BO QUN G 17 - 1 -

PHN 17: X L BO QUN G
MC LC

17.1 TNG QUT.
17.2 VT LIU...
17.2.1 G
17.2.2 Cht bo qun v cch x l..
17.2.3 Xi mng hc n lp mi
17.3 NHN DNG V KIM TRA..
17.3.1 Nhn hiu v kim tra ti cng trng..
17.3.2 Kim tra ti nh my x l..
17.3.3 Chng ch hp cch.

17-2
17-2
17-2
17-2
17-2
17-3
17-3
17-3
17-3
17-3

PHN 17: X L BO QUN G 17 - 2 -

PHN 17
X L BO QUN G

17.1 TNG QUT

Cng vic ny gm c vic x l g, bao gm g cy, g x, cc v ct vi cc
cht bo qun c ch nh theo Tiu chun ny. N bao gm vic cung cp vt liu,
chun b, x l mi vt liu v thc hin mi cng vic hon thnh vic x l cc sn
phm g cn cho d n.
Loi x l bo qun cn thit phi theo nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Khi khng yu cu mt loi cht bo qun ring no, loi cht bo qun c s
dng phi c chp nhn v tnh cht ph hp ca cht vi cc iu kin tip xc
ca kt cu g v phi c s chp thun ca K s,.
Vic bc xp v bo qun g x l phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 4
Mng cc ng v Phn 16 Kt cu g.

17.2 VT LIU

17.2.1 G
Cc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 4 Mng cc ng. G trn v g
x phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 16 Kt cu g.

17.2.2 Cht bo qun v cch x l
Cc cht bo qun g v cc phng php x l phi ph hp vi AASHTO
M133. Loi cht bo qun cung cp phi ph hp vi loi quy nh trong h s hp
ng.
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc lan can v ct g v g cn
sn phi c x l bng pentachlorophenol vi dung mi Loi C hoc mt cht bo
qun pha vi nc Loi CCA hoc ACZA.
Ch gii: AASHTO M133 nu ln cc cht bo qun v s duy tr nn dng i
vi vng nc b bin v trong cc kt cu bin v hn na quy nh g dng khi
tip xc vi t v nc c cc yu cu khc vi g dng Khng tip xc vi t
hoc nc. Trong mt s trng hp c quy nh phm vi thi gian lu gi i vi cc
mc tip xc mi trng ca g da trn kh hu khoc mc ph hoi ca cn
trng. Tr khi c quy nh thi gian lu gi cao hn trong h s hp ng, cn lu gi
khng t hn thi gian lu gi ti thiu.

17.2.3 Xi mng hc n lp mi
Theo quy nh ny, ch no ni n t ng hc n, hc n than , hc n than
lp mi, hoc hp cht hc n than lp mi th c ngha l xi mng hc n lp
mi.
PHN 17: X L BO QUN G 17 - 3 -

Ch gii: Xi mng hc n lp mi l mt cht thi ca vic ch to than cc v
creosote t than bitum. N l mt vt liu m c, qunh snh v ging nh bt nho.
Khi c yu cu, c th trn n vi creosote. N c th c hoc khng c thm vt liu
si.

17.3 NHN DNG V KIM TRA

17.3.1 Nhn hiu v kim tra ti cng trng
Mi phin g x l phi c mt nhn hp php, du hiu hoc th c ch r
rng cho bit tn ca nh x l v k hiu tiu chun hoc cc yu cu k thut m
vic x l tun theo. Cc sn phm g x l mang du hiu cht lng ca Cc
cc nh bo qun g M (AWPB) s c chp nhn. K s phi c b tr cc
phng tin thch hp v c t do n cc b phn cn thit ca nh my x l
kim tra vt liu v cht lng cng vic xc nh cc yu cu ca hp ng c
c p ng hay khng. K s c quyn th li tt c cc vt liu sau khi giao ti
cng trng v loi b mi vt liu khng p ng cc yu cu ca h s hp ng
vi iu kin l khi kim tra li ti cng trng, c th chp nhn vic hp quy cch
trong phm vi 5% cc yu cu ca h s hp ng. Vic kim tra li ti cng trng c
th bao gm c vic th nghim xc nh thi gian duy tr cc cht bo qun v ly
mu phn tch cht bo qun xc nh cht lng ca cht .

17.3.2 Kim tra ti nh my x l
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, kim tra vt liu v x l bo
qun l trch nhim ca Nh thu v nh cung cp cc sn phm g x l. Vic
kim tra phi tin hnh theo Tiu chun AASHTO M133 do nh x l g hoc do c
quan kim tra thng mi c lp c K s v Cc cc nh bo qun g M
(AWPA) chp thun.
C quan kim tra phi do Nh thu trc tip thu hoc qua nh cung cp ca
Nh thu thu. Khng c khon n b trc tip no v cc chi ph kim tra ny, phi
hiu l cc chi ph kim tra bao gm trong gi b thu ca hp ng i vi cc sn
phm g x l hoc cc hng mc thi cng ca cng trnh.
Ch gii: Mc phm cht AWPB FDN ch c dng cho g x l theo cc quy
nh kim tra cht lng ca Cc cc nh bo qun g M American Wood Preservers
Bureau, P.O. Box 6085, 2772 South Randolph Streets Arlington, VA 22206. Mc phm
cht ny bo m cc sn phm tho mn mc x l theo yu cu ca Tiu chun
AWPB.

17.3.3 Chng ch hp cch
Mi khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c yu cu ca K s, mi
chuyn hng vt liu phi c mt chng ch hp cch vi cc bn sao bo co kim tra
km theo cp cho K s. Cc chng ch ny xc nhn loi cht bo qun s dng v
khi lng tnh bng kilogram cho mi mt khi v do nh x l hoc c quan kim tra
c lp t cch k.

PHN 17: X L BO QUN G 17 - 4 -

Khng o c v thanh ton ring cho vic x l bo qun v cng vic ny l
mt phn cng vic tnh trong vic cung cp cc vt liu c x l bo qun.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 1 -

PHN 18: GI CU
MC LC

18.1 TNG QUT.
18.1.1 Bn v thi cng..
18.1.2 Vt liu
18.1.2.1 Thp cn.
18.1.2.2 L thp dt..
18.1.2.3 Thp c.
18.1.2.4 Thp rn..
18.1.2.5 Thp khng g.
18.1.3 ng gi, bc xp v ct gi..
18.1.4 Sn xut hoc ch to.
18.1.4.1 Tng qut
18.1.4.2 Dung sai ch to
18.1.5 Th nghim v nghim thu.
18.1.5.1 Tng qut
18.1.5.1.1 Phm vi
18.1.5.1.2 Tm vt..
18.1.5.2 Th nghim
18.1.5.2.1 Tng qut.
18.1.5.2.2 Th nghim chng nhn vt liu.
18.1.5.2.3 Th nghim ma st ca vt liu - Ch vi nhng b mt
trt.
18.1.5.2.4 Kim tra kch thc
18.1.5.2.5 Th nghim khong h.
18.1.5.2.6 Th nghim ma st ca gi - Ch vi nhng mt trt.
18.1.5.2.7 Th nghim h hng di hn...
18.1.5.2.8 Kh nng chu lc ngang ca gi - Ch vi cc gi c nh
hoc c dn hng...
18.1.6 Tiu ch hon thin...
18.1.7 Thi cng v lp t
18.2 GI CAO SU (gi cht do n hi)
18.2.1 Phm vi..
18.2.2 Cc yu cu chung...
18-5
18-5
18-6
18-6
18-6
18-6
18-6
18-6
18-6
18-7
18-7
18-7
18-9
18-9
18-9
18-10
18-10
18-10
18-10

18-10
18-10
18-11
18-11
18-11

18-12
18-12
18-12
18-13
18-13
18-13
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 3 -

18.4.2.1 Thp.
18.4.2.2 Bi trn
18.4.3 Lp t
18.5 GI HNH CU.
18.6 CC TM NG THAU HOC HP KIM NG DNG CHO GI CU
18.6.1 Cc tm gi v cc tm gin n bng ng thau
18.6.2 Cc tm gi v tm gin n hp kim ng cn...
18.6.3 Cc yu cu th nghim..
18.7 CC B XY, TM V TM CHM DNG CHO GI CU.
18.7.1 Vt liu
18.7.2 Ch to...
18.7.3 Lp t
18.8 CC TM Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) DNG LM GI..
18.8.1 Tng qut...
18.8.2 Vt liu
18.8.2.1 Tm v di PTFE..
18.8.2.2 Nha PTFE.
18.8.2.3 Vt liu n.
18.8.2.4 Vt liu dnh kt.
18.8.2.5 Tm PTFE khng n...
18.8.2.6 Tm PTFE c n.
18.8.2.7 Tm dt c cha si PTFE.
18.8.2.8 Bi trn
18.8.2.9 Kt cu PTFE c cht n xen k ng thau
18.8.2.10 X l b mt.
18.8.2.11 B mt i tip thp khng g
18.8.3 Cc yu cu ch to.
18.8.3.1 Tng qut
18.8.3.2 Gn vt liu PTFE.
18.8.3.2.1 Tng qut.
18.8.3.2.2 Tm PTFE phng...
18.8.3.2.3 Tm cong.
18.8.3.2.4 Tm dt c cha si PTFE..
18.8.3.3 B mt i tip ca thp khng g..
18.8.4 Th nghim v nghim thu.
18.8.4.1 Tng qut
18-21
18-21
18-21
18-21
18-21
18-22
18-22
18-22
18-22
18-22
18-22
18-22
18-23
18-23
18-23
18-23
18-23
18-23
18-23
18-24
18-24
18-24
18-24
18-25
18-25
18-25
18-25
18-25
18-25
18-25
18-25
18-26
18-26
18-26
18-26
18-26
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 4 -

18.8.5 Lp t
18.9 BU LNG NEO.
18.9.1 Vt liu
18.9.2 Ch to...
18.9.3 Lp t
18.10 NN CA TM GN VO VT XY.
18.10.1 Tng qut.
18.10.2 Vt liu..
18.11 CC YU CU CH TO THANH DN HNG...
18.12 BN CHU TI
18.13 O C...
18.14 THANH TON
Ti liu vin dn ...
18-27
18-27
18-27
18-27
18-27
18-27
18-28
18-28
18-28
18-29
18-29
18-29
18-30

PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 5 -

PHN 18
GI CU

18.1 TNG QUT

Cng vic ny gm c vic cung cp v lp t cc gi cu. Trong ny cng k
c vic cung cp v lp t cc vt liu nn dng di cc tm xy.
Cc gi cu phi thi cng theo ng cc chi tit cho trong h s hp ng. Khi
khng cho y cc chi tit, phi cung cp cc gi ph hp vi cc d liu khng ch
cho trong h s hp ng v phi ph hp vi cc kh nng chu lc thit k i vi
cc ti trng v chuyn v cho hoc quy nh v cc c trng tnh nng quy nh.
Ch gii: Cc gi cu bao gm nhng khng gii hn tm gi n hi (gi cao
su, gi elastome), gi con lc, gi con ln, gi chu, gi hnh cu, gi a v cc tm gi
trt. c k l cc thnh phn ca gi l cc b xy, cc tm , v tm chm, cc
tm gi v tm gin n bng ng thau hoc hp kim ng, bu lng neo, cc tm hoc
lp mt PTFE, cht bi trn v cht kt dnh.
Nh thit k v Nh thu phi cung cp thng tin y c th ch to v
chng nhn gi cu. Khi cn mt mc chng nhn cao hn i hi c thng tin b
sung. Ti trng thit k c yu cu v n cn cho mt vi quy trnh th nghim.
Thit k thay gi l quan trng v thm ch gi c cht lng cao trong vi trng
hp c bit l hng do cc lc hoc cc iu kin khc khng d kin trc. t gi
trong ch lm nng trong tm xy l cch n gin thay gi d dng. Cc phn i
tip ca mi gi, nht l cc gi kim loi lm bng my nh cc gi bng ng thau t
bi trn cn cung cp bi ch mt nh sn xut m bo cc mt i tip khp ng.

18.1.1 Bn v thi cng
Mi khi cc chi tit y i vi cc gi v cc neo ca chng khng cho trong
h s hp ng, Nh thu phi lp v np cc bn v thi cng i vi gi cu. Cc bn
v ny phi nu ln tt c cc chi tit ca gi v cc vt liu ngh s dng v phi
c s chp thun ca K s trc khi ch to gi. Vic chp thun nh vy khng
gim nh trch nhim ca Nh thu trong h s hp ng i vi vic hon thnh tt
p gi cu.
Cc mc sau phi quy nh trong bn v thi cng:
Tng s lng ca mi loi gi cu (c nh, di ng c dn hng, di ng
khng dn hng), phn nhm trc tin theo loi hnh (bin ti trng) ri
n kh nng chu lc thit k thc t.
B tr mt bng v mt ng cho mi kch thc lin quan ca mi loi hnh
gi.
H s ma st thit k ln nht nh c ghi trong h s hp ng.
Loi vt liu dng cho mi cu kin gi.
Nu c th, m t r rng v chi itit mi phng php hn c dng khi
ch to gi khng ph hp vi cc phng php c chp nhn ca Quy
tc hn cu hin hnh AASHTO/AWS D4.5M/D1.5.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 6 -

Ti trng thng ng v nm ngang, gc xoay v kh nng chuyn ng.
Cc yu cu v sn hoc ph.
Mt bng nh tm.
S lp dng.
Tnh ton thit k y c kim tra ph hp vi Tiu chun ny nu K
s yu cu.
Chi tit neo.
Chi tit lp trc ca gi nu c th.
a im nh my ch to.
Tn nh sn xut v tn ngi i din chu trch nhim iu phi sn xut,
kim tra, ly mu v th nghim.

18.1.2 Vt liu
18.1.2.1 Thp cn
Thp cn phi l loi quy nh trong h s hp ng v phi tho mn cc yu
cu th nghim ca tiu chun ph hp. Nu khng c quy nh khc, phi ph hp
vi AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A 709/A 709M) Cp 36 (Cp 250) v khng c
gy ra phn ng in phn hoc ho hc bt li vi cc b phn khc ca gi v
khng c g v c vy cn.
18.1.2.2 L thp dt
L thp dt phi tho mn cc yu cu ca AASHTO M251.
18.1.2.3 Thp c
Thp c phi tho mn cc yu cu ca ASTM A802/A 802M, khng c c
r kh v tp cht ln hn 3,2mm. Mt trong chu ca gi chu v mt tip xc ca gi
con lc hoc mt p t ca gi con ln khng c c r kh v tp cht vi bt k kch
thc no.
18.1.2.4 Thp rn
Thp rn phi tho mn cc yu cu ca ASTM A788.
18.1.2.5 Thp khng g
Thp khng g phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca ASTM A167, Loi 304 hoc
ASTM A240/A 240M, Loi 304 v phi c b dy ti thiu 0,91mm v hon thin b mt
b mt p ta hon thin tt hn hoc bng 0,2 mm. Thp khng g tip xc vi
tm PTFE phi nh bng ti hon thin khng nh hn 0,50 mm.
Ch gii: i khi dng hn thp khng g lm lp ph lin tc trn tm thp
carbon, nh trong gi trt hnh cu, lp thp khng g c to ra ri dng my gia
cng to b mt nhn.

18.1.3 ng gi, bc xp v ct gi
Trc khi gi hng khi nh my, gi phi c ng gi sao cho m bo khi
vn chuyn v ct gi gi c bo v khng b h hng do bc xp, thi tt hoc bt
k nguy him thng thng khc. Mi gi lm xong phi c cc b phn c nhn
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 7 -

dng r rng, c bt bu lng chc chn v c chng buc hoc c nh cch no
khng b chuyn ng tng i v c nh du mt trn v v tr v
phng hng ca mi kt cu trong d n ph hp vi h s hp ng.
C b gi cu v cc b phn phi ct gi cng trng trong khu vc c
bo v chng cc tc ng gy h hng do mi trng hoc vt l. Khi lp t, cc gi
phi sch v khng c mi vt liu l.
Khng c tho ra ti hin trng tr khi thc s cn thit gim st hoc
lp t. Gi khng c m hoc tho ra ti hin trng tr khi c s gim st trc
tip ca nh sn xut hoc c h chp thun.
Ch gii: S lng nh ht sn, bn t v nhim bn khc c th lm gim gi
tr nghim trng s lm vic tt c c ca gi t cch khc. Do , iu quan trng l
gi khng nn m ra hin trng, tr khi c s gim st ca nh sn xut hoc nhn
vin ca h.

18.1.4 Sn xut hoc ch to
18.1.4.1 Tng qut
Nh sn xut phi chng thc l mi b gi tho mn cc yu cu ca h s
hp ng v tiu chun ny v phi cung cp cho K s bn sao chng thc cc kt
qu th nghim vt liu. Mi gi cao su-thp phi nh du bng mc khng phai hoc
bng sn do. Vic nh du phi bao gm phng, s th t, s l, s nhn dng
gi, loi v cp cht do. Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, phi nh
du ln b mt nhn thy c sau khi lp dng cu.
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, hon thin b mt ca cc b
phn gi s tip xc vi nhau hoc vi b tng, nhng khng chn trong b tng, phi
ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 11 Kt cu thp.
Cc b gi cu phi lp rp trc trong xng do nh cung cp thc hin v
c kim tra tnh y v hnh hc trc khi vn chuyn n hin trng.
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc b phn gi thp khng phi
l thp khng g gm c bu lng neo, phi c m km theo iu 11.3.7 M.
Ch gii: V ngn hn, vic nh du lm n gin vic nhn dng gi ng v
thit lp cch tt nht lp gi hin trng. V lu di, n cho php tho gi ra sau
mt s nm khai thc kim tra s thay i ca cc tnh cht vt liu theo thi gian.
N cng gip khi gii quyt tranh chp.
18.1.4.2 Dung sai ch to
Cc gi bng tm cht do thng thng v gi cao su-thp phi ch to nh
quy nh trong h s hp ng vi dung sai ca AASHTO 251.
Cc dung sai ch to khc cho trong Bng 18.1.4.2-1

Bng 18.1.4.2-1 Dung sai ch to

Hng mc
Dung sai
b dy, mm
Dung sai
kch thc,
mm
Dung sai
phng hoc
khng trn,
mm
Hon
thin b
mt m
(rms)
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 8 -

Gi kim loi con lc v con ln
Con ln n ng knh - -1,600 +1,600 -0,025 + 0,025 1.6
B con ln ng knh - -0,050 + 0,050 -0,025,+,0,025 1.6
Con lc ng knh - -3,175 + 3,175 -0,025 + 0,025 3.2
Cht ng knh - -0,120 + 0,000 -0,050 + 0,050 0.8
Bc lt ng knh - -0,000 + 0,120 -0,050 + 0,050 0.8
Gi chu
Kch thc chung -0,000+6,350 -0,000+3,175 - -
Chiu su bn trong chu - -0,000+0,635 - -
Vch chu: b dy v ng
knh trong trung bnh
-0,000+3,175 -0,075+0,075 0,025+0,025 0.8
y chu: mt nh v mt y -0,000+0,635 - Loi C 1.6
Pittng: Vnh mp -0,000+1,600 -0,075+0,075 -0,025+0,025 0.8
Pittng: mt nh v mt y -0,000+0,635 - Loi C 1.6
a elastome (khng ng sut) -0,000+3,175 0,000+1,600 - -
Gi a
Kch thc chung -0,000+6,350 -0,000+3,175 - -
Cu kin hn ch ct - -0,000+0,125 Loi A 0.8
Cc b phn c kh khc -0,000+1,600 0,000+1,600 Loi B 1.6
a Urethane -0,000+1,600 -0,000+3,175 Loi B 1.6
Gi trt PTFE phng
PTFE -0,000+1,600 -0,000+0,760 Loi A -
Thp khng g -0,000+1,600 0,000+3,175 Loi A 0.2
Gi trt dng thau v hp kim ng phng
Mt trt -0,000+3,175 -0,000+3,175 Loi A 0.8
Gi trt PTFE cong
Bn knh li - -0,255+0,000 -0,050+0,050 0.2
Bn knh lm - -0,000+0,225 -0,050+0,050 3.2
Gi trt ng thau v hp kim ng thau cong
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 9 -

Bn knh li - -0,255+0,000 -0,050+0,050 0.8
Bn knh lm - -0,000+0,255 -0,050+0,050 0.8
Gi elastome tng cng thp
Kch thc chung -0,000+6,350 -0,000+6,350 - -
Cc lp cao su bn trong -3,175+3,175 - - -
Bc -0,000+3,175 - - -
song song: cc mt nh v
y
0,005 rad - - -
song song: cc cnh - 0,020 rad - -
Tm elastome
Kch thc chung -0,000+3,175 -0,000+6,350 - -
Thanh dn hng
Mt tip xc - -0,000+3,175 Loi A .08
C ly gia cc thanh - -0,000+0,760 - -
song song ca cc thanh - 0,005 rad - -
Bn chu ti
Kch thc chung -1,600+1,600 -6,350+6,350 Loi A 3.2
Gc vt 0,002 rad - - -

18.1.5 Th nghim v nghim thu
18.1.5.1 Tng qut
18.1.5.1.1 Phm vi
Tiu ch th nghim v nghim thu gi phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ti thiu
quy nh trong iu 18.1.5.2. K s c th i hi cc tiu chun nghim ngt hn.
Khi gi c ch to t mt s b phn, mi b phn phi tho mn cc yu
cu th nghim ca phn thch hp. K s phi c t do n kim tra vic ch to
gi vo mi thi gian.
Ch gii: Mc ch ca th nghim l m bo cht lng tt ca gi lm
xong. Cch r rng nht thc hin iu ny l tin hnh cc th nghim nghim
ngt trn mi gi. Tuy nhin, iu ny l khng kh thi v kinh t v cn phi s dng
cc phng php khc.
Do cc th nghim di hn i hi cc thit b th nghim phc tp hn v thi
gian di hn, chng khng trnh khi tn km hn l cc th nghim ngn hn. Do ,
tn s ca mi loi th nghim ny phi xc nh ring.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 10 -

18.1.5.1.2 Tm vt
Mi gi vi mt tm vt c chn th nghim phi giao cho ni th
nghim km theo mt tm cha gn vo ging nh tm vt. Mt tm vt n phi
c lm sao cho khi t tip xc vi tm vt c hai hnh thnh mt khi n hnh
ch nht v c b dy ng nht.
18.1.5.2 Th nghim
18.1.5.2.1 Tng qut
Cc th nghim quy nh y phi c thc hin vi chi ph ca nh sn
xut. Tr khi c K s ng khc i, chng phi c mt c quan th nghim
c lp gim st.
Cc th nghim b sung i vi cc loi hnh gi c bit nh quy nh trong
cc diu khc ca tiu chun ny cng phi c tin hnh.
18.1.5.2.2 Th nghim chng nhn vt liu
Cc th nghim chng nhn vt liu xc nh cc tnh cht l ho ca tt c
cc vt liu phi c tin hnh ph hp vi tiu chun ch o ca vt liu thch hp.
Giy chng nhn th nghim phi cp cho K s.
18.1.5.2.3 Th nghim ma st ca vt liu - Ch vi nhng b mt trt
Phi o h s ma st gia hai b mt tip xc. Phi lm cc th nghim trn cc
mu ly t m vt liu ging nh vt liu c dng cho gi cng loi hoc c th tin
hnh th nghim trn gi lm xong theo phng n ca nh sn xut. Ch phi th
vi vt liu mi ch khng phi th vi vt liu th trc .
Phi lm sch k cc b mt bng cht dung mi kh m. Khng c dng
cht bi trn khc vi cht c quy nh cho gi cng loi. Cc mt tip xc ca mu
th nghim phi c din tch chung khng nh hn din tch p ta hoc 4500mm
2
.
Mu th phi t ti chu nn ti ng sut ng vi ng sut nn ti a do tnh
ti khai thc cng vi hot ti, phi gi khng i 1 gi trc v trong sut qu trnh
th nghim trt. Phi p dng t nht 100 chu k trt mi chu k c dch chuyn t
nht l 25mm nhit 20
o
C 1
o
C. Tc trt ng u phi l 65mm mi pht.
H s ma st khi ng phi tnh cho mi hng ca mi chu k v tr s trung
bnh v lch chun ca chng phi tnh cho cc chu k t th su n th mi hai.
H s ma st khi ng tnh ban u khng c vt qu hai ln h s ma st thit
k. H s ma st ln nht ca tt c cc chu k tip theo khng c vt qu h s
ma st thit k. S h hng ca mt mu s dn n vic loi b c l.
Tip sau 100 chu k th nghim phi xc nh li h s ma st khi ng v
khng c vt qu gi tr ban u. Gi hoc mu th khng c c du hiu hao
mn, h hng dnh kt hoc cc khuyt im khc c th thy r c.
Ch gii: iu quan trng y l vt liu th phi ging nh vt liu
dng trong b gi lm xong. c bit l khng c bt k cht bi trn no c dng
trong qu trnh th tr cht cng c yu cu trong gi lm v mt tip xc ca
thp khng g cn l mi vi mi mu vt liu c th. V th, cng mt mu thp
khng g khng nn dng cho hn mt mu PTFE trong th nghim vt liu PTFE. Cc
h s ma st cu thnh chun s lm vic ca cc th nghim c quan h trc tip vi
cc tr s dng trong thit k.
18.1.5.2.4 Kim tra kch thc
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 11 -

Phi kim tra cc kch thc ca gi. C hai loi kch thc phi o l kch
thc tiu chun v kch thc ti hn. Nh sn xut phi ghi chp v cp cho K s
cc tr s kch thc ti hn. S khng thch hp ca mt kch thc ti hn tho
mn dung sai ca n l l do loi b. S khng thch hp ca mt s o tiu chun
tho mn dung sai ca n vi s thn trng ca K s l l do loi b . Phi kim
tra phng bng cch t thc o phng chnh xc ln b mt kim tra v dng
thc o khe h chen vo gia hai vt. Phi t thc o phng cc hng khc
nhau v xc nh tnh trng xu nht. C th dng khng qu 3 thc o khe h chng
ln nhau. Thc o phng phi di bng kch thc ln nht ca mt phng.
phng phi tho mn yu cu ca Bng 18.1.4.2-1.
Ch gii: Kim tra kch thc l th nghim n gin, khng tn km nn cn
phi lm vi tt c cc gi.
18.1.5.2.5 Th nghim khong h
Cc b phn ca gi phi chuyn ng c sut theo chuyn dch hoc gc
xoay thit k ca n kim tra s tn ti ca khong h yu cu. Nu th nghim
c tin hnh trn mt b phn xoay khng phi di ti trng thng ng y
tng ng, phi to khong h cho php v cc chuyn dch do ti trng ny c th
gy ra.
18.1.5.2.6 Th nghim ma st ca gi - Ch vi nhng mt trt
Khng c dng cht bi trn tr cht c dng cho c l gi. Gi phi t
ti chu nn bng 100% ca tng tnh ti khai thc cng vi hot ti. Phi gi khng i
1 gi trc v trong sut qu trnh th nghim trt. Phi p dng t nht 12 chu k
trt, mi chu k gm c dch chuyn nh hn thit k ri n dch chuyn 25mm.
Tc trt trung bnh phi l 65mm mi pht. Khi thc hin th nghim i vi gi
trt cong, phi dng gc xoay thit k thay cho dch chuyn.
i vi cc gi trt phng, h s ma st khi ng phi tnh cho mi hng,
mi chu k v tr s trung bnh v lch chun ca chng phi tnh cho cc chu k t
th su n th mi hai. Khng phi h s ma st i vi chuyn ng th nht cng
khng phi tr s trung bnh cng hai ln lch chun i vi chu k th su n th
mi hai c vt qu tr s dng trong thit k, v tr s trung bnh i vi chu k
th su n th mi hai khng c vt qu 2/3 ga tr dng trong thit k.
Vi cc b mt trt cong, phi thit lp m men ng vi gc xoay thit k
mi dch chuyn nh (dng v m), trong chu k th nht v su chu k y cui
cng ca th nghim. lch tm ca ti trng tng ng c tnh bng cch chia
m men cho tng ti trng nn tc ng. lch tm phi nh cc ng sut cho
php trn PTFE dng trong thit k khng b vi phm.
Ch gii: Mc ch ca th nghim ma st p ta l hiu chnh sao cho tr s
ma st t c trong th nghim ma st ca vt liu l d on y v ma st
trong gi hon thin.
18.1.5.2.7 Th nghim h hng di hn
Phi lm th nghim trn cc mu vt liu dng lm gi hoc c th tin hnh
trn mt i gi t ta lng vo nhau theo la chn ca nh sn xut. Mu th phi
c din tch khng nh hn 4500mm
2
. Mu th trc tin phi t ti chu nn ti ng
sut ng vi 100% tnh ti ln nht cng vi hot ti khai thc. H thng trt phng
sau phi dch chuyn sut t nht 1000 chu k vi bin t nht l 25mm tc
50mm nh ti nh. H trt cong v xoay ph thuc vo s bin dng ca cu kin
cht do phi chu 5000 chu k hoc dch chuyn tng ng vi gc xoay ca cng
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 12 -

hoc tr bin thit k. S trt c th xy ra 250mm/pht, tr khi c s o h s
ma st tc trt phi l 65mm/pht.
Cc hin tng sau l l do loi b gi:
H hng thy c bng mt thng, b gi b ri ra nh b mi mn qu
mc, cc vt nt hoc nt trong vt liu.
H s ma st vt qu 2/3 tr s dng trong thit k.

Ch gii: Mc ch ca th nghim h hng di hn l kim tra sc khng di
hn ca vt liu i vi t bin, mi mn v h hng.
18.1.5.2.8 Kh nng chu lc ngang ca gi - Ch vi cc gi c nh hoc c
dn hng.
Phi la chn mt hoc nhiu hn t hp ti trng, bao gm ti trng khai thc
nm ngang v thng ng ng thi tn ti trong kt cu. Phi tc ng ti trng thng
ng trc vi 1 ln gi tr danh nh ca n. Ti trng nm ngang phi tc ng theo
cp cho ti 1,5 ln gi tr danh nh ca n. H hng hoc bin dng qu mc ca bt
c b phn no cng l l do loi b.
Ch gii: Th nghim ny ch vi cc gi phi chu cc lc ngang quy nh. Mc ch
ca th nghim l kim tra xem gi c n nh v h thng dn hng v kim ch
cho cng di t hp cc ti trng nm ngang v thng ng thc t nghim
trng nht khng. Vic la chn mt t hp ti trong khng th c c th dn n vic
loi b gi khng c c s. Cc gi phi chu mt t l lc ngang trn lc thng ng
cao thng l mt ch s ca h gi thit k km.

18.1.6 Tiu ch hon thin
Nu mt gi ca mu th hng th tt c gi ca l b loi b, tr khi nh sn
xut chn cch th tng gi ca l vi chi ph ca h, K s c th yu cu tt c cc
gi ca l phi c th.

18.1.7 Thi cng v lp t
Gi phi lp t vo v tr cho trong h s hp ng bi cng nhn c trnh .
Gi phi t thi im lp t theo cc kch thc v di (offset) do nh sn xut,
K s quy nh nh cho trong h s hp ng v iu chnh khi cn xt n
nhit v cc chuyn ng sau ny do nhit thay i, d gin gio v co ngn do
d ng lc.
Mi gi cu phi t vo ng v tr ca n trn mt bng vi sai s trong vng
3mm v hng ca n vi sai s gc trong vng 0,02 radian. Gi c dn hng v
gi xoay ch quanh mt trc phi nh hng theo quy nh trong h s hp ng vi
sai s trong vng 0,005 radian. Tt c cc gi, tr cc gi t i din nhau theo tng
i, phi t ngang bng vi sai s gc trong vng 0,005 radian v phi tip xc y
v ng u vi bn chu ti, khi bn ny tn ti. Phi t gi kt cu phn trn sao
cho di ton b tnh ti dc ca n nm trong gii hn sai s gc 0,005 radian ca
gi tr thit k. Mi lch vi dung sai ny phi c sa li bng tm chm hoc
cch khc c K s chp thun. Nu dng cc chm lm bng gi phi ly ra sau
khi bm va v trc khi trng lng kt ca phn trn tc ng ln gi.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 13 -

Cc b gi kim loi khng chn trong b tng phi t nm trn b tng vi cht
n hoc vt liu dt ph hp vi iu 18.10 Nn ca tm gn vo vt xy. Khi gi
t trc tip ln cng trnh bng thp, b mt gi phi c gia cng bng my
to ra b mt ngang bng v phng t gi.
Gi hoc tm gn vo vt xy t trn cc tr bng thp c th lp t trc
tip ln tr min l tr bng phng trong gii hn sai s 0,002 ln kch thc
danh nh v cng khng bin dng di ti trng quy nh.
Ch gii: Gi cu l nhng sn phm k thut chnh xc v phi x l nh vy
khi lp t chng. Thng th gi c mt ct tng i nh c c bi ch cung cp
kh nng xoay yu cu ti thiu. Do , iu ct yu l gi phi c lp t ngang
bng v dm cu s t ln n cng phi c mt di ngang bng. Hn th, cc gi c
dn hng phi nh hng chnh xc nu khng c th sinh ra cc lc ngang ln.

18.2 GI CAO SU (gi cht do n hi)

18.2.1 Phm vi
Gi cao su (gi cht do n hi) ni y bao gm cc tm khng c ct (ch
c cht do n hi) v cc gi cao su-thp (c tng cng lp l thp hoc li thp).

18.2.2 Cc yu cu chung
Gi phi c cung cp vi cc kch thc, tnh cht vt liu, cp cao su v loi
l thp yu cu trong h s hp ng. Ti trng thit k cng phi cho trong h s hp
ng v th nghim phi tin hnh ph hp. Khi khng c quy nh khc trong h s
hp ng, gi phi l cao su Cp 3 cng 60 gia cng bng thp v phi chu cc
yu cu th nghim quy nh y.

18.2.3 Vt liu
Cao su (cht do n hi) th phi l Neoprene (cao su nhn to) nguyn cht
(polychloroprene) hoc cao su t nhin nguyn cht (polyisoprene). Hp cht ca cht
do n hi phi phn loi theo cp nhit thp 0,2,3,4 hoc 5. Cc cp v cc tnh
cht vt liu khc c nh ngha trong phn 14 Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO
LRFD v AASHTO M251. Cp cht do n hi cao hn c th thay cho cp thp hn.
Ch gii: Hin nay, ch c cao su t nhin (polyisoprene) v cao su nhn to
Neoprene (polychloroprene) l c php dng. l v c hai cht u c lch s s
dng rng ri v tt p. Ngoi ra, c rt nhiu kinh nghim hin trng i vi hai vt
liu ny hn bt k vt liu no khc v hu ht l tt.
H thng phn cp nhit thp nhm vo vn cng ho ca cht do n
hi nhit thp. Hn hp v bo dng c bit l cn thit trnh vn ny,
nhng chng lm tng gi thnh v trong trng hp cc oan c th tc ng bt li
ln cc tnh cht khc. C th ti thiu ho cc tc ng bt li ny bng cch chn
cht do n hi ph hp vi cc iu kin thnh hnh ti ch. Cc cp theo phng
php ca AASHTO M251 vi vi tiu ch th nghim nhit thp khc nghit cho
cc cp cao hn.
(4 trang b trng)
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 14 -

18.2.4 Ch to
Gi phi tho mn cc yu cu ch to ca AASHTO M251
(1 trang b trng)

18.2.5 Th nghim
Cc vt liu dng lm gi cht do n hi v bn thn gi hon thin phi
lm cc th nghim m t trong AASHTO M251.
Ch gii: Cc yu cu th nghim ri vo hai loi chnh : Th nghim kim tra
cht lng vt liu v th ti trn gi hon thin pht hin ch to ti.
Cc gi ch to xong c th c th v iu ny d nht l dng hai gi
ging nhau t xoay lng vo nhau vi tm chu ct gia. Tuy nhin, vi gi c nhiu
hn hai hoc ba lp, hiu ng un v on c th lm gim cng chng ct ca gi
ch to xung di gi tr GA/hrt cho bi m hnh ct n. Quan trng l phn bit
gia vt liu khng chp nhn c v h hng phn tch thuc tnh phc tp hn
vi chnh xc y .

(3 trang b trng)

18.2.6 Lp t
Cc gi cht do n hi khng c cc tm chu ti bn ngoi c th t trc tip
ln b mt b tng hoc thp min l n phi bng phng trong phm vi sai s 0,0005
ca kch thc danh nh i vi cc gi khc. Gi phi t trn mt phng nm ngang
trong phm vi 0,01 radian. Bt k s thiu song song no gia mt trn ca gi v mp
di ca dm vt qu 0,01 radian phi c sa bng bm va hoc theo ch dn
khc ca K s.
Cc tm bn ngoi ca gi khng c hn tr khi cn li t nht 40mm phn
thp gia mi hn v cht do n hi. Trong mi trng hp cht do n hi hoc
cht dnh kt khng c chu nhit cao hn 200
o
C.
Ch gii: Nu b gi khng ngang bng, cc ti trng trng lc s gy ra lc ct
trong cht do n hi. Mp di ca dm v mt trn ca gi cng phi song song
trnh s xoay qu mc v cc ng sut gy ra trong gi. Vic hn ln tm chu ti nn
trnh khi c th. Nu phi hn cn phng tt trnh lm hng cht dnh kt do
nhit.

18.3 GI CHU V GI A

18.3.1 Tng qut
Cc gi chu v gi a
Phi tng xng vi cc ti trng v chuyn ng thit k cho trong h s
hp ng hoc quy nh.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 15 -

Phi th nghim mc thch hp.

18.3.2 Vt liu
18.3.2.1 Tng qut
Mi vt liu phi mi v cha s dng, cng khng dng vt liu ti sinh trong
gi hon thin.
18.3.2.2 Thp
Tt c cc b phn bng thp, tr thp khng g ca gi chu v gi a phi
ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 11.3 Vt liu i vi thp carbon hoc cng
cao, thp kt cu hp kim thp dng hn.
18.3.2.3 Thp khng g
Thp khng g phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 18.1.2.5.
18.3.2.4 Cu kin xoay cht do n hi cho gi chu
Cu kin xoay cht do n hi dng lm gi chu ch bao hm cht
polychloroprene (Neoprene) nguyn cht khng kt tinh theo AASHTO M251 (ASTM
D4014) hoc polyisoprene t nhin (cao su t nhin) nguyn cht theo AASHTO M251
nh l cht polyme th. Cc tnh cht vt l ca Neoprene v cao su t nhin phi ph
hp vi cc quy nh trn vi cc sa i sau y:
cng theo Shore A ca dng c o cng phi l 50 10 im.
Mu th nghim bin dng d sau khi nn phi chun b theo khun Loi 2.

18.3.2.5 Cht bt kn gi chu
Cht do n hi gia chu thp v tm thp chu p ta nh phi bi trn
bng m silicon khng c phn ng ho hc vi cht do n hi v khng thay i
tnh cht ca n trong bin mi trng d kin ti ch hoc khuyn ngh ca nh
sn xut.
18.3.2.6 Vng bt gi chu
Vng bt gia pittng thp v cu kin xoay cht do n hi ca gi chu phi
lm bng ng thau ph hp vi ASTM B36/B 36M cho vng c mt ct ngang hnh
ch nht v ASTM B121/B 121M cho cc tit din trn. K s hoc theo kin ca K
s, c th chp nhn vt liu vng bt khc trn c s th nghim chng t ph hp
vi iu 14.7.4 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Ch gii: Cc yu cu v vng bt tham kho iu 14.7.4.5 Vng bt ca Tiu chun
18.3.2.7 Tm v di polyether urethane (PTFE)
Cc yu cu ca tm v di PTFE dng cho gi chu v gi a phi ph hp
vi cc quy nh ca iu 18.8.1.
18.3.2.8 B phn kt cu polyether urethane dng cho gi a
B phn kt cu polyether urethane dng lm gi a phi c bng hp cht
polyether urethane nguyn khi. Tnh cht vt l ca polyether urethane phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu lit k trong Bng 18.3.2.8-1

PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 16 -

Bng 18.3.2.8-1 Tnh cht vt l ca polyether urethane

Tnh cht vt l Phng php th
ASTM

Cc yu cu
cng Loi D dng c o
cng
D2240 45 55 65
ng sut ko MPa
khi dn di 100%
Khi dn di 200%
D412
10
19

13
23

16
28
Cng ko MPa D412 28 34 41
gin di cc hn, % D412 350 285 220
Bin dng d sau khi nn 22
gi 70
o
C, %
D395 40 40 40
Ch gii: Polyether urethane l cht do cng v dai. Tuy nhin, cng chu
kp ca n thay i ng k ph thuc vo vic kim tra cht lng dng khi x l. Cc
tnh cht yu cu y l m bo vt liu c cht lng tt.

18.3.3 Cc chi tit ch to
18.3.3.1 Tng qut
Nh thu phi cung cp cho K s thng bo bng vn bn 30 ngy trc khi
bt u ch to gi.
Vic hon tt khun c ch to cu kin xoay cht do n hi cho gi chu
v b phn kt cu polyether urethane cho gi a phi ph hp vi k thut gia cng
c kh tt ca xng.
Tm PTFE phi dn vo nn thp c phun ct ty sch bng keo dnh
epoxy trong iu kin iu khin ca nh my phi ph hp vi cc ch dn ca nh
sn xut cht dnh kt. Tm PTFE phi tht su vo nn thp ca n t nht mt na
chiu dy. Nu c th trn b mt thng ng tm PTFE c gn cht bng my vo
nn thp. Vic gn cht tm PTFE vo nn thp ca n phi lm theo cc yu cu ch
to ca iu 18.8.2 Vt liu.
Sau khi ch to cc b mt thp l ra khng kh, tr cc b mt thp khng g,
phi c sn hoc ph xng chng g nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Trc khi ph cc b mt thp l ra phi lm sch theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut
cht ph. Cc b mt thp hn ti hin trng phi ph lp sn sch hoc lp ph bo
v khc c K s chp thun, nu thi gian l trc khi bt u sn vt qu 3
thng. Khi hn phi loi b lp ph bng sn. Vic sn hoc ph cui cng cc b mt
ny phi thc hin sau khi hn xong.
Phi gn tm thp khng g vo nn thp bng epoxy c chp thun m
bo tip xc y ri mi bt kn bng mi hn bt lin tc.
Mi vic hn phi ph hp v tt c cng nhn hn phi c trnh ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca Quy trnh hn cu hin hnh AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 17 -

Tr cc iu kin nu, tt c cc b mt p ta ca cc tm thp phi hon
thin bng my cho phng trong phm vi 0,0008mm/mm. Cc tm khng phng ln
hn 0,0008mm/mm s b loi b. Cc mt y ca cc tm gi bn di (tm gn vo
vt xy) c thit k t ln b khng c vt qu mc phng
0,0005mm/mm. Cc b mt ct bng oxy khng c vt qu gi tr nhm b mt
25mm xc nh bi ANSI B46.1.
Cc kch thc chung ca gi phi c sai s ph hp vi Bng 18.1.4.2-1.
Mi gi phi c s nhn dng d n, s l v s ring ca gi bng mc khng
phai trn mt, nhn thy c sau khi lp.
Ch gii: Thp khng g cn gn vo bng mi hn xung quanh. iu ny khng
ch m bo vic truyn ng sut ng u t PTFE ln tm nn khi thp khng g chu
ct do lc trt, n cng lm gim thiu g c th pht sinh ng sau tm thp khng
g.
18.3.3.2 Cc yu cu ch to gi chu
18.3.3.2.1 Chu
Phi ch to chu bng hn hoc gia cng c kh t mt khi thp. Nhng chu
lm bng cch hn mt vng thp vo tm y, mi hn phi hn u u thm su
hon ton.
Phi gia cng pittng t mt khi thp. ng knh ngoi ca pittng khng
c nh hn ng knh trong ca chu cao giao din gia pittng v cu kin
xoay cht do n hi t hn 0,760mm. Cc cnh ca pittng phi vt xoay d dng.
Nu dng dn hng th chng phi c gn vo chu bng hn hoc bt bu
lng.
Ch gii: Cch thng dng nht ch to chu l gia cng c kh t mt khi
thp tm. Tuy nhin, vi cc gi rt ln c th khng kinh t v lng gia cng c kh
ln. Trong trng hp ny, vic c, rn hoc hn l kh thi nhng chng gy ra cc
kh khn c bit vt qu cc kho khn gp phi trong gia cng c kh chu t mt
tm thp. Nu ch to chu bng cch hn vng thp vo tm y th mi hn cc k
quan trng. Mi hn phi thc hin c hai pha trong v ngoi vng thp sau mi
hn pha trong phi c gia cng bng my khi cn thit c c mt ct cui
cng chnh xc. Cc mi hn phi c kim tra bng siu m hoc bng cc phng
php kim tra X quang ph hp, phng ca cc tm bn sau khi hn phi m bo.
18.3.3.2.2 Vng bt
Vng bt phi tht su vo a cht do n hi v phi va kht vi thnh chu.
Vng c mt ct ngang hnh ch nht phi lp vi khe h cch u quanh chu vi. Khe
h gia vng bt v vch khng ch no c vt qu 0,25mm. Khe h gia cc u
ct ca vng khng c vt qu 1,25mm.
Ch gii: Vng bt Hoa K hin lm bng ng thau. Trc y c nhng
d nh lm bng PTFE nhng khng thnh cng v vng PTFE b y ra ngoi qua
khong trng gia chu v pittng v sau bt khng c hiu qu. Tuy nhin Chu
u cng dng mt s vt liu c quyn thnh cng. Chng i hi th nghim kim
tra trc khi c chp thun Hoa K.
18.3.3.2.3 Cu kin xoay cht do n hi
m cht do n hi phi c cng ng knh danh nh vi chu. m cht
do n hi phi c hoc ct ring tng ci t tm nguyn v ch to khng qu 3 lp
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 18 -

ring bit, trong khng lp no c b dy nh hn 13mm. Nu dng vng bt hnh
ch nht th vng phi tht su vo ht b dy vng.
Ch gii: Cu kin xoay cn lm bng cht do n hi mm. Cht do n hi
b kim ch hon ton trong chu nn khng th vng ln, do khng c c u
im nh dng cht do n hi cng hn trong gi cht do n hi c l thp.

18.3.3.3 Cc yu cu ch to gi a
18.3.3.3.1 Khay thp
Khay thp phi ch to bng hn hoc c kh t mt khi bn thp. C ch hn
ch ct phi lin kt vi tm gi bng gn cht c kh, hn hoc cch khc c K s
chp thun.
18.3.3.3.2 Cu kin xoay polyether urethane
Cu kin xoay polyether urethane ca gi a phi c nh mt khi ring. Vic
hon thin khun phi khng cn g rp v ph hp vi k nng tt ca phn xng.

18.3.4.1 C l
Vic ly mu, th nghim v nghim thu dc tin hnh trn c s l gi. Mt l
c xc nh l c s lng gi nh nht c xc nh theo cc tiu ch sau:
Khng c vt qu khi lng mt h s hp ng hoc mt d n;
Khng c vt qu 25 gi;
Phi gm cc gi cng mt loi khng k kh nng chu ti. Cc loi gi l c
nh hoc di ng. Cc gi di ng c dn hng hoc khng dn hng ch
c xem l mt loi.
Ch gii: L c xc nh l cc gi c a ra kim tra vo mt thi im
hoc ngy thng no .
18.3.4.2 Cc yu cu ly mu v th nghim
18.3.4.2.1 Th nghim chng nhn vt liu
Nh sn xut phi la chn mt cch ngu nhin cc mu gi th nghim
chng nhn vt liu nh trong iu 18.1.5.2.2 t cc l gi hon thnh nh sn
xut th nghim. Nh sn xut phi hon thnh th nghim theo yu cu v xc nh
s hp cch vi Tiu chun ny trc khi np l kim tra bo m cht lng, th
nghim v nghim thu. Cc kt qu th nghim do nh sn xut lm phi cung cp cho
K s.
Phi cp chng nhn cho tt c cc cu kin elastome v polyether urethane.
Cc tnh cht vt liu ca chung phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong h s hp
ng v cc th nghim m t trong iu 18.2.6 cho gi chu v iu 18.3.2.8 cho gi
a. K s c th yu cu cc th nghim b sung.
18.3.4.2.2 Th nghim do K s
Khi h s hp ng quy nh th nghim m bo cht lng, nh sn xut
phi cung cp cho K s s lng mu gi hon thnh v cc mu thnh phn
tin hnh th nghim m bo cht lng theo Bng 18.3.4.2.2-1.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 19 -

t nht mt cu kin cht do n hi cho mi l gi ca gi chu v t nht mt
tp hp cc tnh cht vt liu cho mi l gi a phi c tin hnh th nghim. Mi
b mt ngoi ca cc gi sn phm c lm mu phi nhn v khng c nhng ch
khng ng u hoc li ra c th cn tr quy trnh th nghim.
Cc gi c tm vt phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 18.1.5.1.2.
Phi cho php mt thi gian ti thiu l ba mi (30) ngy kim tra, ly mu
v th nghim m bo cht lng cc gi sn xut v cc vt liu thnh phn.
K s c th la chn ngu nhin (cc) gi mu yu cu t cc l hon thnh
ca gi v cc mu vt liu elastome v PTFE th nghim m bo cht lng.
Nh thu phi chu chi ph vn chuyn tt c cc mu t ni sn xut n a
im th nghim v tr li, hoc nu c th ti a im cng trnh.

Bng 18.3.4.2.2-1 Ly mu

Th nghim Mu yu cu
Ti trng th Mt gi sn phm cho mi l
H s ma st Mt gi sn phm cho mi l
Tnh cht vt l ca cu kin
xoay cht do n hi
Mt gi cht do n hi cho mi
l
Tnh cht vt l tm PTFE Mt tm vt liu PTFE 250mm x
380mm cho mi d n
Tnh cht vt l ca b phn kt
cu polyether urethane (tr bin
dng d sau nn)
Mt tm vt liu polyether
urethane 280mm x 380mm (b
dy bng 1.6mm ti 3.0mm) cho
mi l
Bin dng d sau nn ca b
phn kt cu polyether urethane
Mt tm vt liu polyether
urethane 100mm x 100mm cho
mi l, c hoc ct theo cac yu
cu b dy ca ASTM D395,
Phng php B.

18.3.4.3 Cc c trng tnh nng
18.3.4.3.1 Th nghim ti trng th
Cc kch thc ti hn phi bao gm khong h gia pittng v chu phi c
kim tra bng th nghim khong h m t trong iu 18.1.5.2.5.
Phi tin hnh th nghim h hng di hn nh m t trong iu 18.1.5.2.7
Th nghim h hng di hn trn mt gi a cho mi l v mt gi cho mi l gi
chu vi vng bt c mt ct ngang hnh ch nht tho mn iu 14.7.4.5.2 v vng bt
c mt ct ngang trn tho mn iu 14.7.4.5.3 trong Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO
LRFD. Gi th phi cht ti ti 150% ca kh nng tnh ton quy nh 0,02 radian.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 20 -

Nu kch thc gi cn tr th nghim y bng thit b c sn. Ch u t v nh
sn xut c th thng nht th nghim mt gi nguyn mu vi cc yu cu so snh
c.
Trong khi th tm thp p ta v pittng thp phi duy tr tip xc lin tc v
ng u trong qa trnh th.
Gi s c xem xt bng mt c trong th nghim v khi tho ra sau khi th
nghim. Bt k cc h hng no nhn thy c, nh cht do n hi, polyether
urethane hoc PTFE b n ra hoc bin dng, cc vng bt hoc vng hn ch b h
hng, chng c tip xc kim loi kim loi gia thnh chu v bn nh, hoc thp b
nt, u l nguyn nhn loi b l gi.
Vi gi a phi duy tr tip xc lin tc v ng u gia b phn polyether
urethane v cc tm gi v gia tm thp trt bn trn v tm gi trn trong thi gian
th nghim. Bt k ch khng tip xc no quan st thy cng s l nguyn nhn loi
b l gi.
Ch gii: Kch thc cc vng bt phi ph hp vi iu 14.7.4.5.2 Vng bt vi
mt ct ngang hnh ch nht v iu 14.7.4.5.3 Vng bt vi mt ct ngang hnh trn
ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Kh nng tnh ton quy nh l tiu biu, l ti thiu, phn lc trng thi gii
hn s dng v trn ly theo thng l ca Ch u t.
Cc khim khuyt mt thy c bao gm nhng khng gii hn h hng dnh kt,
s ph hu vt l, s chy ngui ca PTFE im mt dnh kt hoc cc b phn b h
hng.
18.3.4.3.2 H s ma st trt
i vi loi gi di ng c dn hng v khng dn hng, h s ma st trt
phi o ti trng thit k ca gi theo iu 18.6.3 Yu cu th nghim v chu k
th 5 v th 50 vi tc trt l 25mm/pht.
H s ma st trt phi tnh bng ti trng nm ngang cn thit duy tr gi
trt lin tc, chia cho kh nng chu lc thit k thng ng ca gi.
Cc kt qu th nghim c nh gi nh sau:
Cc h s ma st trt o c khng c vt qu 3%.
Gi phi c quan st bng mt c trong v sau khi th nghim. Mi h
hng nhn thy c, nh dnh kt b ph hoi, ph hu vt l, PTFE chy
ngui im mt dnh kt, hoc cc thnh phn b h hng u l nguyn
nhn loi b l gi.

Cc gi khng b h hng trong khi th nghim cc c trng tnh nng c th
s dng c trong cng trnh.
18.3.5 Lp t
Cc gi chu v gi a phi lp t ph hp vi h s hp ng v cc bn v
thi cng c chp thun. Lc lp t cui cng cc gi, K s vi s c mt ca
ngi i din nh sn xut, phi gim st cc thnh phn ca gi m bo chng
ngang bng v song song trong khong 2,6mm/m. Mi chnh lch qu cc dung sai
cho php phi c sa cha.

PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 21 -

18.4 GI CON LC V GI CON LN

18.4.1 Vt liu
Thp dng lm gi con lc v con ln phi l loi v cp quy nh trong h s
hp ng. Thp mt tip xc ca gi thp c th ti cng min l sau khi ti thp
tho mn cc yu cu v cng v tnh do ca h s hp ng v tiu chun vt
liu.

18.4.2 Ch to
18.4.2.1 Thp
Gi con lc phi sn xut bng c, rn hoc ch to t tm thp. Gi con ln
c ng knh ln hn 225mm phi c rn v ti. Gi con ln nh hn phi rn v
ti hoc lm t trc thp carbon hon thin ngui.
Cc gi con ln c ng knh ln hn 225mm phi khoan sut dc trc mt l
c ng knh khng nh hn 50mm sau khi ren ngui n nhit di phm
vi ti hn v trc khi ti. Phi khoan trong iu kin trnh c h hng do ngui
qu nhanh.
Vic ch to phi tin hnh mt cch ph hp vi k nng trong cc xng hin
i ca th trng. Cc ra xm, cnh th v sc v cc nt rn khc phi loi b.
18.4.2.2 Bi trn
Phi bi trn ln tt c cc c cu truyn ng v ln tt c cc b phn khc
ca gi con ln theo yu cu. Loi cht bi trn phi quy nh trong h s hp ng, v
phi thc hin theo khuyn co ca nh sn xut.

18.4.4 Lp t
Vic lp cc gi con lc v con ln phi xt n mi bin thin so vi nhit
trung bnh ca nhp cu c gi lc t v mi s thay i d kin trc v chiu di
ca nhp cu nhit trung bnh, sau khi tho b gio v mi co ngn do lc to
ng sut trc v co ngt, cc con lc v con ln phi thng ng. Ch cn thn
vic chuyn ng y v t do ca kt cu phn trn ti cc gi di ng khng b
hn ch do v ic t hoc iu chnh gi khng ng.
Nh thu phi ph tt c cc b mt tip xc y bng du v than ch
(graphite) ngay trc lc t cc gi con ln.
Cc gi hnh tr cn nh v cn thn cho trc quay ca chng ng tuyn
v trng vi trc quay ca kt cu phn trn,.

18.5 GI HNH CU

Gi hnh cu phi ch to, th nghim v lp t theo quy nh trong h s hp
ng.

18.6 CC TM NG THAU HOC HP KIM NG DNG CHO GI CU
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 22 -

18.6.1 Cc tm gi v cc tm gin n bng ng thau
Gi v cc tm gin n bng ng thau phi ph hp vi Tiu chun i vi
cc vt c bng ng thau dng cho cu v b xoay AASHTO M107 (ASTM B22),
hp kim C91100, C86300 hoc C90500. Phi cung cp hp kim C91100 tr khi c quy
nh khc trong h s hp ng.
Cc b phn c th c, cn hoc rn. c khng c c bt kh ln hn 3mm
v mt tip xc khng c c bt kh vi bt k kch thc no.
Cc tm ng thau phi c theo cc chi tit cho trong h s hp ng. Cc b
mt trt phi t song song vi chuyn ng ca cc nhp cu v lm lng bng tr
khi c cho cc chi tit khc trong h s hp ng.

18.6.2 Cc tm gi v tm gin n hp kim ng cn
Cc tm gi v tm gin n hp kim ng cn phi ph hp vi Tiu chun i
vi cc l v tm gi v tm gin n bng hp kim ng cn dng cho cu v cc s
dng kt cu khc, AASHTO M108 (ASTM B100). Phi cung cp Hp kim C51000
hoc C51100 tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.
Cc tm hp kim ng phi cung cp theo cc chi tit cho trong h s hp
ng. Khng yu cu hon thin cc tm cn min l chng c mt b mt phng,
chnh xc v nhn.

18.6.3 Cc yu cu th nghim
Phi tin hnh cc th nghim chng nhn vt liu ng thau v hp kim ng
ca gi kim tra cc tnh cht vt liu.
K s c th yu cu cc th nghim ma st gi nh m t trong iu 18.1.5.2.8
hoc th nghim ma st ca vt liu nh m t trong iu 18.1.5.2.3.

18.7 CC B XY, TM V TM CHM DNG CHO GI CU

18.7.1 Vt liu
Cc tm kim loi dng trong b xy, tm v tm chm, tr khi c quy nh
khc trong h s hp ng, phi ph hp vi AASHTO M270M/M270 (ASTM A 709/A
709M) Cp 36 (Cp 250). Cc tm gi v tm gin n ng thau hoc hp kim ng
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 18.6.

18.7.2 Ch to
C th ch to cc l trong tm gi bng cch khoan, t hoc ct bng xy c
iu khin chnh xc. Tt c cc ra xm phi mi sch,

18.7.3 Lp t
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 23 -

Cc tm gi phi t chnh xc v tr ngang bng nh cho trong h s hp
ng v phi p ta ng u ln ton b din tch. Khi cc tm c chn trong b
tng phi b tr cch gi tm nguyn v tr khi b tng.

18.8 CC TM Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) DNG LM GI

18.8.1 Tng qut
Phi ch to tm v di PTFE t nha PTFE khng n nguyn cht thun khit
(khng ti ch) t nha PTFE trn u vi 15% si thu tinh hoc 25% si cc bon
(n ti a, phn trm theo trng lng); hoc t vi cha si PTFE.
Tm PTFE t bng phi dnh v tht su vo nn thp ca n. Tm PTFE t
ng phi dnh v tht su vo hoc dnh vo v ct c hc vo thp nn ca n. Tm
PTFE phi c dy ti thiu 3mm v phi tht su vo thp nn ca n t nht mt
na b dy.
Tm v di PTFE lm xong phi chu c mi cht axit, kim v cc sn
phm du m; n nh nhit t -218
o
C n 260
o
C; khng d chy v khng ht
nc. Cht keo epoxy dng dn PTFE v thp nn ca n phi bo dng bng
nhit, keo epoxy nhit cao c th chu c nhit t -196
o
C n 260
o
C.

18.8.2 Vt liu
18.8.2.1 Tm v di PTFE
Cc l nha PTFE, tm dt PTFE, kt cu PTFE ci xen ng thau, tm lin hp
PTFE-kim loi c khot l, cc vt liu d tr v tt c cc phn khc ca gi c nh
hoc di ng c cha vt liu PTFE phi c cc tnh cht ma st, c hc, vt l v chu
nh hng ca thi tit c quy nh trong h s hp ng.
18.8.2.2 Nha PTFE
Nha PTFE phi l vt liu nguyn cht 100%. mi, p ng cc yu cu ca
ASTM D4894 hoc D4895. Phi tho mn cc yu cu ca Bng 18.8.2.6-1. Khng
c dng vt liu ti sinh.
Tm, di v vi PTFE phi l:
Bn acid, kim v sn phm du m,
n nh nhit t -218
o
C n 260
o
C,
Khng d chy,
Khng ht nc.
Ch gii: Th nghim PTFE l xc nh tinh khit v kt tinh ca PTFE.
tinh khit nh hng n h s ma st c th t c v kt tinh nh hng c
sc khng mi mn ln h s ma st. Trng lng ring ca PTFE l s o gin tip
kt tinh.
18.8.2.3 Vt liu n
Khi dng, vt liu n phi l si thu tinh cn, si cc bon hoc vt liu n
c chp thun khc. Cht n khng c phn ng ho hc nhng c tc ng lin
hp vi PTFE.
18.8.2.4 Vt liu dnh kt
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 24 -

Vt liu dnh kt dng dn tm PTFE phi l keo epoxy tho mn cc yu cu
ca AASHTO M235M/M235 (ASTM C881/C 881M), mng FEP hoc tng ng
c K s chp thun.
18.8.2.5 Tm PTFE khng n
Tm PTFE hon thin khng n phi lm t nha PTFE nguyn cht v phi
ph hp vi Bng 18.8.2.6-1 vi ngoi tr l phng php th nghim ASTM i vi
cng ko v gin di phi ph hp vi ASTM D2256.
18.8.2.6 Tm PTFE c n
Tm PTFE c n phi lm t nha PTFE nguyn cht trn ng u vi cht
n c tnh tr c chp thun. Hm lng ti a ca cht n phi l 15% i vi
si thu tinh v 25% i vi si cc bon. Hm lng n ti a i vi cc vt liu
khc phi do K s xc nh.
Tm PTFE c cht n hon thin c cha si thu tinh hoc cc bon phi
ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Bng 18.8.2.6-1 vi ngoi tr l phng php th
nghim ASTM i vi cng ko v gin di phi ph hp vi ASTM D638.

Bng 18.8.2.6-1 c tnh c hc ca tm PTFE
(Cc gi tr trung gian ca hm lng n c th dng ni suy)

C hc Phng
php ASTM
Tm khng
n
Tm c 15%
si thu tinh
Tm c 25%
si cc bon
Tm dt
Cng ko
ti thiu MPa
D638 hoc
D2256
19.0 14.0 9.0 17.0
gin di ti
thiu %
D638 hoc
D2256
200 150 75 35
Trng lng
ring ti thiu
D792 2.160.03 2.200.03 2.10 0.03 -
im chy
o
C D4894
D4895 hoc
D5977
328 2 327 10 327 10 -

18.8.2.7 Tm dt c cha si PTFE
Phi ch to tm dt PTFE t si fluorocacbon PTFE nhiu si nh ng nh
(nh hng) hoc t hn hp si PTFE bng cch xon, bng PTFE v cc si khc
theo yu cu ca cc thit k c quyn. Cc tnh cht vt l in hnh ca si PTFE
phi ly t Bng 18.8.2.6-1 vi ngoi tr l phng php th nghim ASTM i vi
cng ko v gin di phi ph hp vi D2256.
18.8.2.8 Bi trn
Nu dng cht bi trn th n phi bao gm mt t hp cc cht rn khng c
phn ng ho hc hoc in phn vi PTFE v mt i tip ca n v phi duy tr n
nh trong iu kin mi trng d kin v tr cu.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 25 -

Ch gii: Cht bi trn c dng nhiu nht Chu u vi tm PTFE l da
trn m lithium. N c chng thc l c hiu qu v n nh lu di,
18.8.2.9 Kt cu PTFE c cht n xen k ng thau
Cc kt cu PTFE c cht n xen k ng thau phi gm c mt tm ng thau
phosphor vi lp mt ng thau xp dy 0,25mm c tm hp cht ch /PTFE. Phi c
mt lp ph hp cht PTFE dy t nht 25mm. Tm ng thau phosphor pha sau phi
ph hp vi AASHTO M108 (ASTM B100) v lp ng thau xp phi ph hp vi
ASTM B103/B 103M.
18.8.2.10 X l b mt
Khi tm PTFE c dn bng epoxy, mt mt ca tm PTFE phi x l nh
my bi nh sn xut c chp thun bng qu trnh cng ngh Sodium naphthalene
hoc Sodium Ammonia.
18.8.2.11 B mt i tip thp khng g
Thp khng g phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 18.1.2.5.

18.8.3 Cc yu cu ch to
18.8.3.1 Tng qut
Phi ch to gi di ng theo cc kch thc tho mn cc yu cu ca
phng php lin kt vo kt cu nh cho trong h s hp ng.
18.8.3.2 Gn vt liu PTFE
18.8.3.2.1 Tng qut
Khi lin kt bng c hc tm PTFE phi gn vo nh cho trong h s hp ng
vi kch thc, loi hnh v s lng lin kt yu cu. Lin kt dng trong tm PTFE v
vt liu lp phi lp c c p ta hon ton.
18.8.3.2.2 Tm PTFE phng
Tt c cc tm PTFE phng gn vo tm nn kim loi phi gn tht su vo tm
nn mt na chiu dy PTFE v phi dnh cht. PTFE gn vo cc vt liu khc nh
cht do n hi phi gn bng cch quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c K s
chp thun.
PTFE phi dn xng bng cht keo c K s chp thun, ph hp vi cc
ch dn ca nh sn xut keo dnh. Trc khi dn, b mt phi c khc axit bng
qu trnh cng ngh sodium naphthalene hoc sodium ammonia bi nh sn xut c
chp thun. Khi tm nn l kim loi, phi tin hnh dn di p lc ng u ln hn
0,7 MPa.
Cng bc ca keo dn khng c thp hn 3.5N/mm c th theo
ASTM D429 Phng php B. Mt hon thin ca PTFE phi nhn, khng c bt v
ph hp vi dung sai cho trong Bng 18.1.4.2-1. Cc tm PTFE n phi mi nhn sau
khi dn.
Ch gii: Cc tm PTFE cn va tht su vo hc lm va dnh kt tt c
c s lm vic tt nht. Vic t tht vo s hn ch t bin hoc chy lnh v kt
dnh s gi PTFE trong hc lm khi mt i tip thp khng g trt trn n. Khng c
kt dnh s c ri ro l cc iu kin nh ti trng lch tm c th lm cho PTFE tut ra
ngoi hc lm.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 26 -

p lc dnh kt ti thiu 0.7MPa l m bo cht dnh kt di PTFE phn b
tt v mt PTFE hon thin s phng.
PTFE c n so vi PTFE nguyn cht nhm hn v dn n h s ma st ln
hn. Mi nhn l gim thiu tc ng bt li ca cht n.
18.8.3.2.3 Tm cong
Tm PTFE cong c dng trong gi hnh cu phi c gn bng n tht su
vo mt na b dy PTFE. Kch thc ca cu kin PTFE phi chn sao cho kn kht
trong h lm ngay c khi gi chu nhit thit k thp nht.
18.8.3.2.4 Tm dt c cha si PTFE
Tm dt PTFE phi dn hoc gn kt c kh vo lp nn cng. Tm dt phi c
kh nng chu ti trng n v 70.0 MPa m khng chy ngui. Dnh kt tm dt, lp
nn phi c kh nng chu mt lc bng (0.1 + m) P cng lc vi lc thng ng P m
khng lm tch lp dn, trong m l h s ma st thit k gia PTFE v mt i tip
ca n v P l ti trng thit k tc ng thng gc vi mt i tip.
Ch gii: PTFE dt khng th gi ti ch bng cc hc lm nh l tm PTFE
nn cn c cc cch khc. N c th gn vo tm nn ca n bng dn hoc bng
cch p PTFE dt vo tm nn kim loi c kha rng ca bng my. Tnh hiu qu ca
lin kt c kh loi ny cn c nh gi bng th nghim vi mt ming PTFE dt
c p gia hai tm nn kim loi ging nhau v ko tm dt PTFE ra khi hai tm nn
ny.
18.8.3.3 B mt i tip ca thp khng g
Mi cu kin thp khng g trong h s hp ng phi c cung cp nh mt
b phn ring. Phi gn mi tm vo vt liu pha sau n bng hn bt sut chu vi
phng m lt vo gia thp khng g v vt liu pha sau. Mi hn phi ph hp vi
Quy tc hn cu hin hnh AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5. Sau khi hn, tm thp khng g
phi phng, khng nhn v tip xc lin tc vi tm thp pha sau n.
Ch gii: Thp khng g cn hn sut xung quanh. iu ny khng ch m bo
s truyn ng u ng sut t PTFE ln bn pha sau n khi thp khng g chu ct do
lc trt, n cn gim thiu g c th xy ra sau tm thp khng g.
18.8.4 Th nghim v ngim thu
18.8.4.1 Tng qut
K s phi yu cu kim tra cc b gi hon thnh hoc cc mu gi i din
c b mt PTFE. Nu c ch nh, gim st vin phi c php t do n cc b phn
cn thit ca nh my ca nh sn xut v c s th nghim. Khi nh sn xut tin
hnh th nghim phi np cc bn sao kt qu th nghim cho K s.
Nh sn xut c yu cu tin hnh cc th nghim vt liu trn nhng vt
liu dng cho mt trt ph hp vi iu 18.1.5.2.3. t nht phi tin hnh mt th
nghim cho mi l.
Nu K s yu cu v phng tin th nghim sn c cho php phi th
nghim c b gi v ma st p ta y nh xc nh trong iu 18.1.5.2.8. Nu
phng tin th nghim khng cho php th nghim c b gi theo ch o ca K s,
Nh thu c th ch to thm cc b gi v cc mu c kh nng chu lc t nht ng
vi ng sut s dng thng gc 450000N bng cch phn thnh cc phn gi. Khi tt
c cc gi ca mt d n c ch to xong phi thng bo cho K s bit cng
sm cng tt K s chn cc gi th theo quy nh mt cch ngu nhin trong l.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 27 -

Cng vi thng bo v vic hon thnh ch to phi cung cp chng ch ca nh sn
xut v thp, tm m cht do n hi, tm m dt hon thnh, PTFE v cc vt
liu khc dng trong ch to gi.
Cc gi vi cc mu th i din thng qua cc yu cu trn c chp thun
dng trong kt cu l thuc vo s gim st ti ch bng mt v nhng h hng.
Ch gii: Th nghim m t trong phn ny l xc nh tinh khit v kt
tinh ca PTFE. Kt qu th nghim phi ph hp vi Bng 18.8.2.6-1. tinh khit nh
hng n h s ma st c th t c v kt tinh nh fhng c sc khng mi
mn ln h s ma st. Trng lng ring ca PTFE l s o gin tip ca kt tinh.
Th nghim cng l cn thit chc chn l PTFE khng t bin qu mc v
khng hng khi ko trc tip. Cng th yu cu ca vt liu tm dt l rt cao v
hin nay n c thc hin trn mt tao n si PTFE. y l s mang sang t thc
hnh hin c, nhng cng th bng o cng ca tm dt xong theo
Newton trn milimet ca tm dt c l l tt hn.

18.8.5 Lp t
Phi lp t nh quy nh trong iu 18.4.3.

18.9 BU LNG NEO

18.9.1 Vt liu
Bu lng neo phi p ng cc yu cu ca ASTM A307 hoc c cho trong h
s hp ng. Phi cung cp bu lng neo vi cc chi tit neo cho php pht trin y
cng ko ca bu lng. Cn c cc mc vng hoc tm cui.

18.9.2 Ch to
Bu lng neo phi c mng hoc ren m bo kp chc chn vi vt liu
dng vi chng trong l.

18.9.3 Lp t
Nh thu phi khoan cc l cho bu lng neo v t chng trong va xi mng
portland, hoc t chng nh cho trong h s hp ng hoc theo quy inh hoc ch
dn ca K s.
V tr cc bu lng neo phi xt n mi bin thin so vi nhit trung bnh ca
kt cu phn trn lc t v d kin tng thm chiu cao ca mt di hoc cnh di
dm do tnh ti sau khi t; l nhit trung bnh v di tnh ti, cc bu lng
neo ca gi di ng s cng gn gia v tr ca chng cng tt. Phi ch kt cu
phn trn c chuyn ng t do cc gi di ng, khng b bu lng neo hoc ai c
km hm.

18.10 NN CA TM GN VO VT XY
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 28 -

18.10.1 Tng qut
Phi t cc vt liu n hoc tm dt lm vt liu lt nn bn di cc tm gn
vo vt xy khi c nu trong h s hp ng. Vt liu ny phi thuc loi quy nh
trong h s hp ng hoc theo lnh hoc c s chp thun ca K s v c t
c p ta y trn din tch tip xc.
Ngay trc khi t vt liu lt nn v t cc gi hoc cc tm gn vo vt xy,
cc b mt tip xc ca b tng v thp phi c lm sch hon ton.

18.10.2 Vt liu
Cc tm dt sn dng lt nn phi gm nhiu lp vi bng dy 0,27kg/m
2

tm v dnh kt bng cao su thin nhin cht lng cao hoc bng cc vt liu tng
ng v ph hp nh nhau c p thnh cc tm n hi c b dy ng u. S
lp phi to ra b dy quy nh sau khi nn v lu ho. Cc tm hon thin phi
chu c cc ti trng nn vung gc vi mt phng cc lp v khng nh hn 70.0
MPa m khng lm gim c hi n b dy hoc b n ra.
Ch l dng lt nn phi l ch tch bc thng thng ph hp vi ASTM
B29. Cc l ch phi c b dy ng u v khng c cc vt nt, ng rn, mnh
bong, vy cn v cc khuyt tt khc. Tr khi c quy nh khc, cc l ch phi c b
dy bng 3mm vi mt dung sai cho php bng 1mm.
Vt liu xm trt dng lt nn phi l vt liu polysulfide hoc polyurethane
khng b tri ph hp vi cc quy nh ca ASTM C920, Loi II.
Va phun v va xy dng lp di cc tm gn vo vt xy phi ph hp
vi iu 8.14 Va xy v va phun.

18.11 CC YU CU CH TAO THANH DN HNG

Phi gn cc thanh dn hng vo thn gi sao cho b on t nht v sau khi
gn t c dung sai v phng ca mi b phn gi. Cc mt trt ca h dn
hng phi bng phng v song song.
Cc lin kt bu lng hoc ren dng gn thanh dn hng vo cc tm chu
lc phi c chiu di ren c chn pht trin cng ca chng.
Nu dng vt liu ma st thp mt i tip th n phi c gn vo phn
ng sau n ng thi bng hai hoc hn hai cch sau y:
dn,
khn su vo,
gn c hc bng cc lin kt chm.

Nu vt liu c dn th n phi khc axit bng phng php do nh sn xut
vt liu hoc i l keo dn khuyn ngh. Hc lm phi l mt na b dy vt liu. Lin
kt phi chm n su d m bo l n khng chm vo vt liu i tip sau khi b
mi mn cho php.
PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 29 -

Ch gii: Cc thanh dn hng thng c gn bng bu lng v hn dn n
on. Nu bu lng c gi trong cc l ren ca bn hn l dng ai c th l ren phi
c chiu di pht trin cng ko y d ca bu lng. Cc thanh dn hng
phi c gn vi dung sai tng i nh phng b chn li khi gi chuyn dch dc.
H s ma st rt thp i vi dn hng l t cn thit bng i vi con trt
PTFE chu ti trng trong trng. Bi v ma st trn thanh dn hng ch ng gp
phn nh s phn trm ca lc khng dc ca gi. Do , PTFE c cht n, c cng
chu t bin tt hn l PTFE nguyn cht, thng c dng cho thanh dn hng.
Vic dng cht n c ngha l khng cn thit phi khn PTFE vo bn thp pha sau,
o bt c gia cng c kh. PTFE vi si thu tinh hoc si cc bon v hn hp
PTFE x kim loi c dng thnh cng.
Vt liu ma st thp cho thanh dn hng phi c gn bng hai hoc ba cch
cho trnh vn b bong trc xy ra trong qu kh.

18.12 BN CHU TI

Phi ch to bn chu ti bng mt tm hoc t hp t vi tm thp mng, mi
tm c nh hng nm trong mt phng vung gc vi hng ca ti trng. Bn
chu ti t hp phi c lin kt bng mi hn bt hon ton trnh m lt vo.
Nhng mi hn ny cng cung cp cng chu ct chu ti trng tc ng.
Bn chu ti khng c c cc gc v cnh sc. Cc l c th khoan, t hoc ct
bng oxy c khng ch chnh xc. Mi ra xm phi loi b bng mi.

18.13 O C

Cc b gi cu o theo kilgram c xc nh t khi lng hoc trn c s
n v ca mi loi b gi lit k trong h s hp ng. Khng yu cu khi lng khi
khi lng tnh ton c cho trong h s hp ng, trng hp ny khi lng ghi
trong h s hp ng phi c dng lm c s thanh ton.

18.14 THANH TON

Cc b gi cu phi c thanh ton theo gi hp ng bng kilgram hoc
theo n v. Khon thanh ton ny phi bao gm vic n b y cho vic cung cp
ton b nhn lc, vt liu, dng c, thit b v ph ph v cho vic thc hin mi cng
vic lin quan n cung cp, th nghim v lp t cc b gi hon chnh ti ch
nh cho trong h s hp ng, theo quy nh trong Tiu chun ny v theo hng dn
ca K s.

Ti liu vin dn

PHN 18: GI CU 18 - 30 -

th
Edition, LRFDUS-4
or LRFDSI-4,American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,

AASHTO/ 2006. Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Methods of
th
Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. Includes AASHTO M, R, and T standards,
which are also available individually in downloadable form.

American Welding Society, Miami, FL.

ASME.2002. Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, Waviness and Lay, B46.1,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Fairfield, NJ.

RMA. 1992. Rubber Handbook for Moded, Extruded, Lathe Cut and Cellular Products,
5
th
Edition, Rubber Manufacturers Association, Inc., Washington, DC.

SAE. 1995. Society of Automotive Engineers Specification Manual, Volume 1, Society
of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.

SAE. 2004. Chemical Composition of SAE Carbon Steels, SAE J403, SAE Handbook,
Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.

PHN 19: TM BT KHE NI MT CU 19 - 1 -

PHN 19: TM BT KHE NI MT CU
MC LC

19.1 TNG QUT.
19.2 BN V THI CNG.
19.2.1 Tng qut...
19.2.2 Cc yu cu h s hp ng c bit i vi cc h khe ni mt
cu (theo mun) ( MBJS) (1)
19.3 VT LIU..
19.3.1 Vt liu khe ni mt cu v b bt khe ni khc vi h khe ni cu
theo mun. ..
19.3.2 H khe ni cu theo mun
19.4 SN XUT V CH TO...
19.4.1 Khe ni bng tm bt chu nn
19.4.2 Cc b bt khe ni khc vi h khe ni cu theo mun
19.4.3.1 Tng qut
19.4.3.2 Mt ct dm mp v neo.
19.4.3.3 Dm gia v thanh .
19.4.3.4 Tm bt
19.4.3.5 Hp
19.4.3.6 B mt trt PTFE ..
19.4.3.7 B mt trt thp khng g cho MBJS..
19.4.3.8 Bo v chng n mn..
19.5 LP T
19.5.1 Tng qut...
19.5.2 Cc khe ni dng tm bt chu nn
19.5.3 Cc b bt khe ni khc vi MBJS.
19.5.4 H khe ni mt cu theo mun
19.5.4.1 Vn chuyn v cu lp.
19.5.4.2 Kim tra trc khi lp
19.5.4.3 Lp t.
19.5.4.3.1 Xc nh khong h..
19.5.4.3.2 Vn khun
19.5.4.3.3 Chng MBJS trong khi b tng
19-3
19-3
19-3

19-3
19-6
19-6

19-7
19-8
19-8
19-9
19-9
19-9
19-9
19-10
19-10
19-11
19-11
19-11
19-11
19-11
19-11
19-12
19-12
19-12
19-12
19-12
19-13
19-13
19-13
19-13

19.5.4.3.4 b tng...
19.5.4.3.5 Dung sai ca MBJS lp xong..
19.5.4.3.6 Bc cu qua MBJS sau khi lp t..
19.5.4.3.7 Tho vn khun v dn rc..
19.5.4.3.8 Th nghim cch nc.
19.5.4.3.9 Nghim thu..
Ti liu vin dn ...

19-14
19-14
19-14
19-15
19-15
19-15
19-15
19-16


PHN 19
TM BT KHE NI MT CU

19.1 TNG QUT

Cng vic ny gm c vic cung cp v lp t cc h bt khe ni mt cu cc
loi c s dng khi d kin c nhng chuyn ng ng k khe ni.
Cc cch bt khe ni m t trong h s hp ng bng cch rt cht bt vo khe
ni phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 8.9 Cc khe ni co gin,
Loi v kch thc hoc mc chuyn ng i vi cc tm bt khe ni mt
cu ti mi v tr phi c nu trong h s hp ng hoc theo lnh ca K s.
Tt c cc tm bt khe ni phi ngn chn c vt liu v nc lt qua h khe
ni,
Ch gii: Cc loi bt ny bao gm cc tm bt khe ni chu nn lm bng vt liu
cht do n hi c sn b nn v t trong cc khe ni c chun b c bit v cc
b linh kin bt khe ni gm t hp kim loi v cht do n hi t trong cc khe lm
b mt mt cu.

19.2 BN V THI CNG

19.2.1 Tng qut
Nu khng nu trong h s hp ng, cn c cc bn tnh ton cho bit vic
iu chnh khe ni khi lp t chng trc khi chp thun vic lp t cc khe ni trong
mt mt cu bt k. Nh thu phi np cc bn v thi cng cho K s cho thy phng
php lp t v cm khe ni dng cho mt cu khi dng cc h khe ni c quyn.
Phi np cc bn v thi cng cho K s c chp thun i vi cc khe ni c
tng chuyn ng ln hn 45mm.
Cc bn v thi cng phi c s chp thun ca K s trc khi tin hnh vic
bt khe ni mt cu. Vic chp thun ny khng gim nh cho Nh thu v bt k trch
nhim no theo h s hp ng i vi vic hon thnh tt p cng trnh.

19.2.2 Cc yu cu h s hp ng c bit i vi cc h khe ni mt cu (theo
mun( MBJS)(1)
Trc ca MBJS c nh ngha l trc bt k song song vi trc ca cc dm
mp v tm bt ca MBJS. Gc cho l gc gia trc dc ca cc thanh v ng
thng gc vi trc MBJS. Cc chuyn dch song song vi trc dc ca cc thanh
c xem l cc chuyn dch dc. Trc dc ca cc thanh trng mt cch tiu biu
vi phng ca chuyn dch tnh d kin do nhit. Chuyn dch thng gc vi trc dc
ca cc thanh c xem l cc chuyn dch ngang.
Ch gii (1): MBJS l vit tt ca Modular Bridge Joint Systems (Cc h khe ni cu
theo mun).

Yu cu c s hp tc cht ch gia nh thit k, nh thu v nh ch to khe
ni m bo vic lp t khe ni c cht lng. V d, cc nh thit k cn lm vic
vi nh ch to khi thit k chi tit khi ct thp nh. Khi cng lm vic, nh thit k c
kinh nghim (thng quen thuc vi nhu cu t ct thp hoc cc chi tit ca cu kin
kt cu lin k) v nh ch to (thng tho hn v nhng vn lp t v nhng
vn nh hng ti bn ca MBJS) s c th a ra nhng cu to tt gim
cc pht sinh khi lp t trong thi cng. Khng may l kh m d kin c cc yu
cu v ct thp trong khi thit k, v khng bit c h khe ni v nh ch to cho ti
khi hp ng c giao.
Nhiu vn v bn ca MBJS l kt qu ca vic cu to ti. Nhng vn
thit k cu to ti bao gm cu to khng ng cc cu kin kin trc tng trn v
thp tng cng, nt phn x lp b tng bo v trc tip pha trn cc hp v
thiu li tip cn pha di MBJS kim tra v bo ng.
Nt phn x trong b tng mt cu trc tip pha trn cc gi pht hin
hu ht mi MBJS. Nhng vt nt ny khin cho nc c th xm nhp ri sau cng c
th gy ra tch lp b tng bo v trn thanh v hp . Nt phn x quan trng
nht vng mt cu c mmen m ngang gy nn ng sut ko ngang nh mt cu,
tc l ni mt cu l lin tc qua mt dm theo phng ngang vi trc dc cu.
Trong cc nhn t c cho l nh hng ti nt phn x l:
Chiu dy bn khng lin tc do hp gy nn,
un tng i ca cc bn mng thng thi cng trn nh cc hp v
st ca hn hp b tng.

Trong trng hp ny gii php c th l lm lp b tng bo v v ct thp
ngang trn cc gi y gim thiu chiu rng vt nt.
Cc khi nh dng cho cc khe ni theo mun tin cho lp t v iu
chnh. Cc gi MBJS thng cao 190mm hoc hn v ko di qu mp khe h
315mm hoc hn. Do c th yu cu khi nh cao 380mm v kp di qu mp khe
h 680mm. Khi nh phi thit k trng lng ca khe ni, nht l trn phn
hng ca mt cu. i khi cc u dm thp c kha rnh t khe ni. Cn xem
xt vn mi cc kha rnh ny. Vic lp t cn thn khe ni v b tng khi
nh l yu t quyt nh m bo mt khe ni bn.
Vn c th pht sinh khi cc thanh ct thp qu gn dm mp hoc neo cn
tr dng ct liu xung di dm mp. Mt phn ca vn l do MBJS l mt hng
mc c u thu v thng c vi nh sn xut iu kin. Do khi thit k ct
thp cha bit c hnh dng ca MBJS. Tuy nhin, vi kha cnh ca hnh dng ca
MBJS c th d kin v a ra mt s sai lch cho php v ct thp. iu ny cn thc
hin qua cc cu to ph hp v/hoc qua vic trnh cc cu to ct thp xem xt
ca Nh thu.
Trong kt cu phn trn bng thp c th chp nhn gn MBJS trc tip vo
dm ngang u dm, vo tm vch ngn hoc dm, nhng cc lin kt ny v cc b
phn chu lc phi c thit k v cng v mi chu c cc lc xung kch
ln lp li truyn ln MBJS. Mi chuyn dch khc nhau c th ca mt cu v cc im
lin kt cng cn c xt ti. Cc dch chuyn khc nhau ngn hn ca mt cu v
cc im lin kt c th gy ra h hng do mi, cc dch chuyn khc nhau di hn c
th gy nn on hoc h hng do cng .
H s hp ng phi bao gm cc phn sau:

Phi th hin mt ct ngang mt cu mi cu hnh MBJS duy nht. Phi
th hin MBJS gn gia bin kh nng dch chuyn ca n. Phi ghi r
kch thc tng khe h gia mt phng thng ng tham chiu gn b mt
bn trong ca dm mp v nhit cu tng ng vi v tr . (2)
Nu cc hp c mt cu hoc m , phi c khong trng gia
mt y ca MBJS v khi nh ca mt cu t nht l 50mm c th b
tng d dng v cho php m b tng di v xung quanh cc b phn
ca MBJS mt cch y , c bit l di bt k b mt nm ngang no
nh l y ca cc hp . Nu khng b tr c khong trng 50mm th
cc hp phi t ln mt b bng va.(3)
Phi c mt khong trng t nht 150mm gia hp hoc neo u hp
v chu vi ca khi nh c th b tng xung quanh MBJS.
Phi th hin chi tit ch r hnh dng MBJS b va v/hoc lan can.

Nh thu phi trnh K s chp thun trc khi ch to MBJS cc bn v chi
tit ca MBJS c dng cng vi cc bn v lp t v phng nc. Cc bn v
xng phi bao gm, nhng khng gii hn cc im sau:
Mt bng v ct ngang ca MBJS i vi mi mc chuyn dch v chiu rng
mt ng, c ch r cc kch thc v dung sai.
Phi th hin mi mi ni ca dm gia/thanh bng hn v bt bulng v
cc mi ni ti hin trng.
Cc chi tit y ca mi cu kin v cc mt ct ch r mi vt liu lin
quan ti MBJS.
Mi la chn ASTM, AASHTO hoc vt liu khc.
H bo v chng g
Phi ch r cc v tr nng v c cu nng nh l mt phn ca bn v lp
dng tng th.
Thit b iu chnh nhit v kch thc khong trng lin quan ti nhit .

Nh thu cng phi trnh cc bo co v chng ch th nghim di y xem
xt v chp thun:
Chng ch ca nh sn xut v vic ph hp vi chng trnh chng nhn
cht lng cu thp n gin ca AISC.
Chng thc ngi thanh tra hn l c trnh trnh tt v c chng nhn l thanh
tra hn theo Tiu chun chng nhn t cch thanh tra hn ca AWSQCI. Ti liu v
mi c nhn thc hin nh gi khng ph hu (NDE) c ASNT chng thc.
Chng ch ca nh sn xut ng thun v tm v tm dt PTFE.
Chng thc l MBJS qua th nghim s chn theo yu cu trong iu
19.3.2
.
Chng thc l cc gi, l xo v dng c nh c l cng mt h thng, cng
nh sn xut v cu hnh c dng th nghim s chn theo yu cu

trong iu 19.3.2. Trong mi giy chng nhn phi c tn v a ch nh sn
xut l xo, gi v dng c nh c.
Cc tnh ton thit k c k s c ng b chuyn nghip nim phong.
Cc tnh ton thit k phi bao gm thit k mi v thit k theo h s ti
trng i vi mi cu kin kt cu, cc lin kt v cc mi ni.
Bn v thay th cc b phn chu mi mn c php trong thit k. Nh
thu phi trnh K s chp thun mt vn bn bo tr v k hoch thay th
b phn do nh sn xut khe ni chun b, k hoch ny phi bao gm danh
mc cc b phn v hng dn kim ta bo dng, dung sai mi mn c
php, phng php xc nh mi mn v quy trnh thay th cc b phn b
hng do mn.
Phng php lp t bao gm nhng khng gii hn trnh t t khe h
vi cc nhit khc nhau, chng khi b tng v lp b va.
Khuyn co v lu kho MBJS v cc chi tit chng tm ca b khe ni
vn chuyn v cu lp.
Ch dn v trnh t hn
Mi yu cu thay i v ct thp khi nh thch hp vi MBJS.
Bn v bc cu tm qua bt k MBJS no khi c giao thng qua li ngay sau
khi lp.

Ch gii (2)
Thng thng nh m hoc m tr cung cp b mt lm vic cho vic kim
tra v bo tr.
(2): Mt hnh dng MBJS duy nht c th i din mt cch thc cht cho nhiu
MBJS tng t cc cc v tr khc nhau ca d n. Nhng thay i nh v kch thc
v v tr hoc ca chi tit phi kt cu nh cc hp , va ln ngc hoc cc tm
trt ro chn l c php i vi mt hnh dng cho v c th b sung bng
nhng chi tit v/ hoc ghi ch ring. Thay i v m ca khe h khng yu cu
kch c hoc s tm bt khe khc c th b sung trong mt ghi ch ring.
(3): Quy nh ny ch p dng khi phn lc bnh xe ca hp khng truyn
trc tip qua lin kt chc chn vo cu kin kt cu phn trn khng phi l mt cu
v m.
Trc y khuyn ngh rng 50mm l (nht l khi gii hn c cp phi),
tuy nhin, ngh dng 75mm nu c th. B va lm tng chi ph v ch nn dng khi
khng c c khng gian y .

19.3 VT LIU

19.3.1 Vt liu khe ni mt cu v b bt khe ni khc vi h khe ni cu theo
mun.
Vt liu v cc b bt khe ni mt cu phi ph hp vi cc quy nh sau y:
Tm bt khe ni bng cht do n hi ch sn theo thit k nhiu lp phi
ph hp vi AASHTO M297 (ASTM D3542).

Cht bi trn dnh kt dng cho tm bt khe elastome phi ph hp vi
ASTM D4070.
B bt khe ni mt cu phi l loi c chp thun cho mi kch c yu cu
v phi ph hp vi cc quy nh do nh ch to cung cp khi chp thun.
Thp v cc b phn thp c ch to phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
Phn 23 Kim loi linh tinh.

MBJS phi ph hp vi cc quy nh sau y:
MBJS phi ph hp vi cc quy nh do nh sn xut cung cp khi chp
thun.
MBJS phi c s chn, tho mn mi yu cu th nghim c nu chi
tit trong Ph lc A ca Tuu chun ny, chng c thit k dng MBJS
cho mt phm vi p dng gii hn.
MBJS phi c thit k ph hp vi iu 14.5 Khe ni cu ca Tiu
chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Tm bt khe ni cht do n hi ch sn theo thit k nhiu lp phi ph
hp vi AASHTO M292 (ASTM D3542).
Tm bt khe ni cht do n hi ch sn loi di phi ph hp vi ASTM
D5973.
Tm bt phi lin tc v khng cho php ni tr khi c K s chp thun
ring.
Cht bi trn dnh kt dng cho tm bt khe ch sn phi ph hp vi
ASTM 4070.
L xo, gi v dng c nh c (i khi gi l l xo iu chnh) phi l cng
thnh phn v cng thc vt liu, cng nh sn xut, trnh t ch to v cu
hnh ging nh th c dng trong th nghim s chn.
Bt urethane phi ph hp vi ASTM D3514.
PTFE phi l 100% Teflon nguyn cht, tm dt PTFE hoc PTFE lm ph
hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 18.8 Cc b mt PTFE ca gi v phi cung
cp cho mi b mt trt.
Cc tm thp khng g ph hp vi ASTM A240/A 240M, Loi hnh 304 phi
cung cp cho mi b mt trt. ASTM A240/A 240M Loi hnh 316 kin ngh
dng mi trng khc nghit.
Thp v cc cu kin thp ch to phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn
11 Kt cu thp cho cc b phn khng c nguy c gin vi cc ngoi l
di y:
Mi hn phi ph hp vi quy trnh hn kt cu thp ca ANSI/AWS
D1.1/D 1.1M.
Cc lin kt v l ca chng khng cn ph hp vi Phn 11 Kt cu
thp min l chng c dng trong th nghim s chn.


Ch gii:
H khe ni cu theo mun (MBJS) l loi khe ni bt kn vi hai hoc hn hai
tm bt cht do n hi c gi v tr bng cc dm mp, nhng dm ny c neo
vo cc cu kin kt cu (mt cu, m v.v) v mt hoc nhiu dm- gia ngang song
song vi cc dm mp.
MBJS c th tho mn cc bin dch chuyn ln. Cc thit k MBJS hin nay
thng c dng mt hoc nhiu dm- gia ngang tch hai hoc hn hai tm bt.
Bi v chng phi chu c cc dch chuyn co gin ln, v mt kt cu MBJS phi
chu c ti trng bnh xe i qua khong trng gia cc cu kin cu.
C hai loi hnh c bn ca thanh MBJS : h nhiu thanh v h thanh
n, h nhiu thanh (MSB) MBJS c cc dm-gia lin kt cng vi cc thanh .
Mi thanh ch mt dm gia. i vi h MSB mt hp s gi nhiu thanh
v ngn y dm gia.
h thanh n (SSB) MBJS c cc dm- gia ngang ch c gn vo mt
thanh mi hp bng cch dng cc kp thp, l xo elastome v gi. mt loi
hnh SSB c bit MBJS l h dm xoay, thanh xoay v trt trong cc hp
.
Cc loi hnh MSB v SSB ca MBJS l ph thng nht, do chng l trng
tm ca cc quy nh ny. Mt s phn ca cc quy dnh ny khng nn p dng cho
cc loi hnh MBJS khc. Cc quy nh y cho php cc thit k khc tho mn cc
yu cu th nghim s chn trong iu 19.3.2 H khe ni cu theo mun.
Trong MBJS c dng thanh trt trn gi, thanh thng c tm ph mng
bng thp khng g gn vo nh v y ca thanh c b mt trt trn. Cc
thanh trt gia gi cht do n hi v cc l xo c nh trong cc hp thng
qua ch nh hoc tht trn khp vi cc l trong tm thp ca hp . Cc gi v l
xo thng c cc tm PTFE ma st thp dn vo mt trt ca l xo hoc gi.
Cc gi v l xo cht do n hi u b nn trc v t trn v di thanh
vi gi di v l xo trn. Cc l xo tc ng lc nn gi gi ti ch. Thnh
phn thng ng ca mi ti trng bnh xe tc ng ln dm gia v truyn qua thanh
nn cc gi v tc ng ln hp v mt cu. C mt lc bt ln qua mi chu k
ti trong bnh xe nn cc l xo v tc ng ln tm nh ca hp , gy ra ti trng
ko ln trn mt cu.
Ti trng bnh xe cn c th truyn mt lc ngang vo dm gia v lm bt ln.
Lc ngang ny truyn qua dm gia ln thanh v ln l xo v gi qua ma st. Cui
cng lc ngang c cc ch nh ln trong l xo chng vo hp v mt cu.
Nhng ch nh nh ny chu hng triu chu k ca tc ng ct i du ny. H hng
do ct ca cc ch nh dn n h hng h thng ca MBJS. Thng cn mt dng c
nh c duy tr khong h gn bng nhau gia cc dm gia v gia dm gia vi
dm mp. Mt dng c nh c thng dng trong cc h thanh bao gm mt chui
cc l xo elastome, i khi cn gi l l xo iu chnh. Trong mt s MBJS dng c nh
c c xu hng khp cc khong h, trong khi cc MBJS khc li c xu hng m
khong h gia cc dm gia.

19.4 SN XUT V CH TO

19.4.1 Khe ni bng tm bt chu nn

Cc tm bt khe ni bng cht do n hi ch sn khng c ni ti hin
trng, tr khi c K s cho php c bit.

19.4.2 Cc b bt khe ni khc vi h khe ni cu theo mun
Cc b bt khe ni gin n phi c ch to bi nh sn xut v giao ti v tr
cu lp rp xong, tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng.

19.4.3.1 Tng qut
Cc yu cu sau y p dng cho c hn xng v hn ti hin trng (nu
c) tr khi c ghi ch c bit khc. MBJS phi c ch to ph hp vi kch
thc, hnh dng, chi tit, tiu chun vt liu v quy trnh cho trong cc bn v phn
xng c chp thun. Cc mi hn vin phi c hn lin tc, khng cho php c
cc mi hn vin khng lin tc.
Cn trnh cc mi ni hin trng vi mi kh nng c th v c b MBJS phi
c vn chuyn v lp t nh mt n v. Nu mi ni hin trng l khng th
trnh th chng nn t xa vng bnh xe hay qua v nn t di ro chn giao thng
di gia - Ch c nhng cu to mi ni hin trng c th mi ph hp vi
th nghim s chn trong iu 19.3.2 mi c th dng cho MBJS. Tiu biu l thit k
mi s quyt nh nhp ca dm gia vi c mi ni phi nh hn cc nhp lin tc, tt
nht l lm nhp ny cng nh cng tt.
i khi c th thc hin mi hn hin trng thm su hon ton trn mt cu
khi ch c mt dm gia v c th ko n ln tip cn vi y ca dm gia.
Phi cn thn trnh kim loi hn ri vo rnh gi tm bt c th dn n tm bt li
ra v r nc. Khng cho php dng cc mi hn mp hoc ch thm su mt phn.
Khng cho php dng cc mi ni hn nu c hn mt dm gia. Cc mt ct dm
mp c th ni hin trng vi mi hn mp ch trn mt phn ca mt ct.
Phi cung cp thit b nng v dng c duy tr khu nh trc ca khe
ni. Chng phi c c ly ng u khng qu 4500mm dc theo chiu di ca MBJS.
Phi dng t nht 3 dng c cho mt on MBJS.
Khi vic ch to hon thnh, nh sn xut phi thc hin vic kim tra lp th
m t trong trong iu 19.5.4.2 m bo l MBJS s qua c vic kim tra ny.
Ch gii:
Bt k khi no c th, phi lm cc mi hn mp c hai bn ca lin kt. Bt
k khi no c th, MBJS phi c vn chuyn v lp t nh mt n v.
Nu c th chc chn l mt mi ni s t di ro chn gia v c th chc
chn rng nc khng th vo c khu vc ny, c th cho php t i u 2 on
MBJS m khng ni chng vi nhau.
19.4.3.2 Mt ct dm mp v neo
Phi ch to dm mp t thp kt cu. Bng ca mt ct ngang dm mp t nht
phi dy 10mm. Phi dng cng mt ct ngang nh dng trong th nghim s
chn. Cc mi ni xng ca mt ct dm mp phi l mi hn ni lng mng thm
thu hon ton c 2 pha. Dm mp phi hn mp lin tc ln hp .
Phi thit k neo ph hp vi iu 14.5.6.9 H khe ni cu theo mun
(MBJS) ca Tiu chun thit i cu AASHTO LRFD. Nu c cnh nm ngang trong

mt ct dm mp th cnh nm ngang ny cng phi neo chu ton b gi tr ti
trng bnh xe vi xung kch tc ng bt ln trn (do ny ln).
Ch gii:
Khng khuyn khch dng cc b phn cnh nm ngang trong mt ct dm mp
do kh m b tng di cnh ngang ny. Nu dng cnh nm ngang th n phi c
cc l thot kh ng knh 20mm cch nahu 450mm ci thin vic m b tng
di cnh ngang. Nu khng c cnh ngang th nh ca mt ct (Dm mp) phi t
thp hn nh ca mt ct chu mi mn ca mt cu gia 0 v 6mm.
t c kt qu tt vi hnh dng c c ct nhng rnh bng my bn
gi cc tm bt. Mt thit k tho mn cc yu cu v ti trng v c thit k theo
yu cu ca ACI l dm mp dy 40mm khng c b phn nm ngang, Cp 50 (Cp
345), vi cc inh neo b tng hn ng knh 12mm di 150mm, t cch nhau tim
n tim 300mm. Thit k ny i hi c lp bo v dy t nht 75mm trn cc neo (tnh
t tim neo ti b mt b tng). Khng cn thit phi un cc inh neo tr khi inh neo
nm vo giao din lp ph/bn kt cu.
19.4.3.3 Dm gia v thanh
Cc dm gia, thanh v chi tit lin kt phi l cng loi vi th dng
trong th nghim s chn. Cc mi ni xng trong mt ct dm gia phi l cc
mi hn ni lng mng thm thu hon ton c 2 pha. Trong h nhiu thanh ca
MBJS cc mi ni hn gia dm gia v thanh phi l hn lng mng thm thu
hon ton.
Sau khi hn, b dm gia /thanh phi t trn mt mt phng v phi hiu
chnh cho cc thanh nm trong cng mt mt phng, khng c phn no ca y
bt k thanh no lch ra khi mt phng qu 6mm. C th nn thng cm lp rp
bng nn nng khng qu ba ln.
Ch gii: t c cc kt qu tt nht vi cc thanh thp c, Vi dm gia,
t c cc kt qu tt nht vi cc rnh ct bng my bn gi cc tm bt.
Cc k thut trnh bulng b lng bao gm dn, hn mt ngoi ca ai c ln cc
ren l ra hoc lm try ren.
19.4.3.4 Tm bt
Cc tm bt phi do nh sn xut lp trc khi vn chuyn tr khi dng mi ni
hin trng cho dm gia. Nu mi ni hin trng l cn thit th phi lp tm bt lin
tc (khng mi ni) hin trng sau khi hon thnh vic thi cng. D trng hp no
th khi lp tm bt cng phi dng cht bi trn - dnh kt c dng khi th nghim
s chn. Tm bt phi ko di ra ngoi u dm mp v dm gia t nht 50mm.
Ch gii:
Cc tm bt khe ni dch chuyn thng c bin dch chuyn ti a l 75mm.
Cc tm bt khe n 125mm c dng thnh cng. Tuy nhin khu ti a ca
tm bt c nh theo yu cu ca AASHTO. Cc tm bt dng trong khai thc MBJS
phi c kch thc ging nh c th nghim trong th nghim s chn theo yu
cu trong iu 19.3.2.
Tiu chun ASTM v vt liu bt t ra m bo bn y vi mi
mn thng thng, b rch v l ra mi trng. Mt vi c quan khng cho php lp
tm bt hin trng do kh nng b tch ra. Tuy nhin, nu MBJS c lp t theo
giai on cho khi phc mt cu hin c hoc lp t mi cho mt cu rng, i hi ni
tm bt ti hin trng nu tm bt c lp xng. Cn trnh cc mi ni tm bt ti
hin trng. S lm vic ca cc tm bt ni l khng bo v kt cu phn trn

cu do thot nc mt cu. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp thi cng theo giai on, cn
lp cc tm bt hin trng nh mt tm lin tc.
Mt vn chung khc l khe bt b rc lp. Giao thng qua li trn khe ni c
th lm cho tm bt tch xa neo ca n bng cch y rc vo. Cc nh sn xut cho
rng h MBJS l t lm sch v khe ni tip cn ton b v tr h, rc c y khi khe
ni. Tuy nhin, nhiu nh thit k hay thit k MBJS qu kh mt cch bo th
phng khe ni t lm sch mnh. Rc quan st c l nguyn nhn h hng ca
nhiu MBJS. Rc trong khe co gin c bo co l lm gim bin dch chuyn c
hiu qu. Khi cu gin ra, rc lt vo khong trng bt khe c nn li v c th gy ra
cc ng sut ph v ko theo h hng ca c khe ni v kt cu.
19.4.3.5 Hp
Cc hp phi lm t tm thp hoc ng thp c chiu dy t nht l 9mm
c hn lin tc. Nu hp rng hn 400mm, chiu dy ca tm nh phi tng ln
sao cho t l chiu rng trn chiu dy khng vt qu 45 hoc dng np tng cng.
Nu hp lm bng nhng ng xp lng vo nhau, ng knh hoc t l chiu rng
trn chiu dy ca mi ng khng c vt qu 45.
Ch gii: Tm nh phi chu c ti trng giao thng. vng qa mc c th
dn n nt phn x pha trn hp . Nu khng c lp bo v 75mm pha trn tm
nh, tm nh c th phi lm dy hn hoc tng cng chu ti trng giao thng mt
cch y .
19.4.3.6 B mt trt PTFE
Phi dn PTFE di cc iu kin c khng ch v ph hp vi cc ch dn
ca nh sn xut PTFE hoc nh sn xut keo dn. Sau khi thao tc hon thnh, b
mt PTFE phi nhn v khng c cc bt kh nm di.
19.4.3.7 B mt trt thp khng g cho MBJS
Tho khng g phi nh bng n mc hon thin bng 0,02mm.
19.4.3.8 Bo v chng n mn
Mi b mt thp, tr cc b mt di thp khng g hoc b mt c dn
vo PTFE, phi c bo v chng n mn.
Ch gii: n mn ca cc tit din thp h hng hoc l ra quan st thy
mt s MBJS. Cc b phn thp ca MBJS nh bulng, tm trt thp khng g, cc
neo h hng do n mn. Vic tch t cc rc m t trong cc hc lm ca MBJS l
nguyn nhn ca n mn nng.

19.5 LP T

19.5.1 Tng qut
Tt c cc vt liu v b linh kin khe ni khi ct gi ti a im thi cng phi
c bo v chng b h hng, cc b linh kin phi c k sao cho gi c hnh
dng v tuyn thc. Cc tm bt khe ni mt cu phi thi cng v lp t chy xe m
thun. Cc khe ni mt cu phi c che ph bng vt liu bo v sau khi lp t cho
ti khi lm sch mt cu ln cui.
Sau khi lp t v trc khi nghim thu cui cng, cc tm bt khe ni mt cu
phi c th nghim vi s c mt ca K s v s r nc qua khe ni. Bt k r r
no ca tm bt khe ni s l nguyn nhn loi b.

19.5.2 Cc khe ni dng tm bt chu nn
Cc khe ni trong phn mt ng ca mt cu s c bt bng tm bt chu
nn phi c vi chiu rng hp hn so vi yu cu i vi vt liu c sn. Cc khe
ni ny b va v ng ngi i c th c vi ton b rng. Trc khi lp cc tm
bt chu nn vo cc khe m b rng hp hn cn phi ca mt rnh dc nh khe ni
c b rng v chiu su ng tip nhn vt c.
Khi ca ct mt cu phi lm sao mt cu t b v nht. Phi ct ng thi c
hai rnh ti ng chiu su v tuyn cho trong h s hp ng. Tuyn ca phi lun
khng ch bng mt thanh dn hng cng. B rng rnh ph thuc vo nhit v
tui b tng phi theo ch dn ca K s. Mp ct cn c vt sau ny khng b
v. Sau khi ct, tt c cc ch v, ch b bt ra hoc ch nt phi c sa cha
trc khi lp tm bt c bi trn. Khng yu cu ca khi dng cc bc st.
Khe ni lc lp t phi sch, kh, khng c cc mnh v v cc ch khng u
c th lm hng tm bt khe ni tt. Cc b mt b tng hoc kim loi phi sch khng
g, khng c sa xi mng, du, bn t, bi hoc cc vt liu c hi khc. Cc tm bt
bng cht do n hi c sn phi lp sao cho tm bt khng b hng bng th cng
hoc my thch hp. Phi qut cht bi trn-dnh kt ln c hai mt khe ni trc khi
lp theo ch dn ca nh sn xut. Tm bt khe ni bng cht do n hi c sn phi
c nn ti chiu dy quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c K s chp thun v
mc khe h v nhit xung quanh khi lp t. Khng cho php lp lng hoc c cc
im h gia tm bt v mt cu.

19.5.3 Cc b bt khe ni khc vi MBJS
Phi thi cng cc b bt khe ni gin n to ra phm vi dch chuyn t do
tuyt i ph hp vi quy nh ca K s hoc cho trong h s hp ng. Vic lp t
phi ph hp vi khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut. Vic iu chnh cui cng b bt khe
ni mt cu trc khi a b tng vo trong cc neo ca b bt khe ni cn c vo
quan h gia nhit lc ca kt cu phn trn v nhit trung bnh d kin v
phi theo quy nh ca nh sn xut hoc K s hoc quy nh trong h s hp ng.

19.5.4 H khe ni mt cu theo mun
Nh thu phi lm theo hng dn lp t bng vn bn ca nh sn xut v
cc hng dn di y. K s ghi trong cc hng dn di y c th l i din
c u quyn ca K s.
19.5.4.1 Vn chuyn v cu lp
MBJS phi c giao ti cng trng v bo qun ph hp vi khuyn ngh bng
vn bn ca nh sn xut c K s chp thun. Phi sa cha h hng ca h
bo v chng n mn tho mn K s. Tm bt khng c hng hoc ct.
19.5.4.2 Kim tra trc khi lp
Ngay trc khi lp t MBJS v khi nh phi c K s kim tra v:
nh tuyn ng
Dnh kt hon ton gia tm bt v thp
Cc inh neo hoc cng c neo khc t chnh xc v c hiu qu.
Cc l xo v gi elastome t ng cch.

Nu dng mng chng thm th phi kim tra vic t ng cch.
Phi kim tra tnh khng yu cu 75mm gia y hp MBJS v mt ca
khi nh quy nh trong cc bn v.

Vic ct ct thp mt cu c th lm tn hi n tnh ton vn kt cu ca khi
nh i hi s chp thun ca K s. K s phi kim tra mng ct thp hoc cc
thanh thp xem c cch xa dm bin hoc neo t nht 50mm khng nh hng b
tng chy vo quanh MBJS khng.
Khng cho php thp ca MBJS c cc ch cong hoc vn (tr khi phi lm theo
mui v dc mt ng). Tt c cc ch cong hoc xon l ra ca MBJS phi c
sa tho mn K s hoc thay th vi chi ph ca Nh thu.
Cc tm bt khng lin kt hon ton vo thp phi c lin kt hon ton vi
ch ph ca Nh thu. Cc u neo lm bng b tng phi c kim tra bng mt v
phi g nh bng ba. Tt c cc u neo lm bng b tng khng c mi hn y
hoc khng pht ra ting vng khi g nh bng ba phi c thay th. Cc neo u
bng b tng t dc theo chiu di dm mp di qu 25mm so vi v tr cho trong h
s hp ng v cc neo u bng b tng t cao hn cao 6mm (lm gim lp bo
v) phi c tho ra cn thn v hn neo mi vo v tr ng cch. Nh thu phi chi
tr mi ph tn v vic thay th neo.
Ch gii: Nu ct thp mt cu v m khng c thit k ph hp vi cu hnh
ca MBJS, ct thp c th phi sa li. Cn bc plastic hoc ph bt ln khong trng
bn trong ca cc hp . iu ny s gip phng rc v sc vt chui vo hp .
Khng cn lm vic ny cho ti khi MBJS sn sng lp sao cho vic kim tra
trc khi lp c th thc hin cc b phn bn trong hp . Bc v ph cn d tho
tin cho vic kim tra trong tng lai.
19.5.4.3 Lp t
Trc khi lp t khe ni, khi nh v h phi c bo v chng h hng
v xe thi cng.
19.5.4.3.1 Xc nh khong h
Phi lp t MBJS vi khong h ng ph hp vi nhit lp t cho trong
bn v phn xng c chp thun. Dng c nh khong h cn c tho ra ngay
sau khi b tng.
19.5.4.3.2 Vn khun
Nh thu phi m bo l vn khun ngn khng cho b tng chui vo trong cc
hp hoc bng bt k cch no ngn cn MBJS dch chuyn t do.
19.5.4.3.3 Chng MBJS trong khi b tng
MBJS phi c y trong khi b tng. Cc mi hn lin kt tm vo
dm gia hoc thanh lp phi c ty b v lm nhn mt. H bo v chng
n mn phi sa bng phng php c K s chp thun v tho mn K s.
gim b n mn MBJS cn c cch in bng cch khng ni ct thp mt cu vi
MBJS.
Ch gii:
MBJS c chng trong khi lp t (trc khi b tng mt cu) bng mt
s cch. Cch MBJS hay dng trong khi lp t l treo n trn mt chui dm cch
nhau khng qu 3000mm vt qua khi nh gia mt cu v m hoc gia cc mt

cu lin k. Cc dm ny cho php xc nh chnh xc hn chiu cao v dc mi
ni. Mt cu cung cp chun tham chiu nh mt ct cui cng ca MBJS.
Mt k thut thng thng l hn cc neo ca khe ni vo ct thp mt cu lm
ch ta. K thut ny khng nn dng v cn gi cho MBJS v ct thp mt cu c
cch in gim n mn, cn v mi quan ngi v nt ct thp, neo, hoc c hai. Nu
MBJS c hn nh vo ct thp mt cu th phi xt ti vng ca ct thp.
Tuy mt s lp t hay dng cc bulng iu chnh cao gn vo cnh trn
ca dm khe ni. Cc bulng ny cho php iu chnh chiu cao khe ni trong
lp t cng nh cung cp im . t nht l c hai vn c ghi nhn khi dng
bulng iu chnh cao . Th nht, mt s MBJS ln rt nng bulng iu chnh
khng chu ni. Th hai, Cc bulng ny c th chu ti trong bnh xe trc tip t dm
mp ln dm cu, iu ny c th cha xt n trong thit k. Ti trng bnh xe rt
cuc c th lm cho cc bulng iu chnh dch chuyn m pht sinh vn .
Cc lin kt tm gia cc dm mp ( vn chuyn v cu lp) cn c loi b
trc khi b tng.
19.5.4.3.4 b tng
B tng phi c qun l, trn v vn chuyn nh quy nh trong Phn 8 Kt
cu b tng ca Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO LRFD v /hoc tiu chun thi cng
ca C quan. Khng c dng b tng c st cao cc khi nh. B tng khng
c a vo vn khun cho ti khi K s kim tra v chp thun vic t ct thp,
cc ng ng, neo v thp d ng lc.
Nu c dc ng th b tng phi pha dc ca khi nh trc. B tng
phi c m k sao cho b tng c kt y di hp v dm mp. Cn ch
cn thn trnh vn khun v ct thp dch chuyn. Khng c b tng trong
thi tit gi lnh v ma to.
Ch gii: C th hon thin b tng mt cu n nh MBJS c t cao
hi sai mt cht khi m thay i cc b v trc dc mt cu c th lm tng lc xung
kch ln MBJS.
19.5.4.3.5 Dung sai ca MBJS lp xong
Phi kim tra MBJS sau khi lp t v kim tra mt ln sau t nht mt nm chu
ti trng giao thng (hoc lu hn nu cn thi gian bo hnh) thm tra vn sau:
Mt nh ca MBJS phi tht xung di mt ct mt ng hon thin 0
n 6mm.
Chnh cao gia nh bt k dm gia hoc dm mp no khng c
qu 3mm. Phi o s khc bit ny theo chiu ng t ng thng ni nh
ca mt ct cu mi pha MBJS
Sai khc v chiu rng khong h c hai u ca khe bt hoc gia cc
khong h ca MBJS nhiu khong h khng c ln hn 12mm

Ch gii: MBJS c khuyn ngh tht xung di mt cu 3 n 6mm l
gim thiu hiu ng va p c th ca my xc tuyt; tuy nhin, mt cu c th hon
thin ti nh ca khe ni i li c m thun nu mun.
19.5.4.3.6 Bc cu qua MBJS sau khi lp t

Khng cho php ti trng thi cng i trn MBJS t nht l 72 gi sau khi lp t
xong. Nu cn phi i qua MBJS Nh thu phi bc cu vt qua MBJS theo cch
c K s chp thun.
Ch gii: Dch chuyn ca dm mp trc khi bo dng b tng xong c th
gy ra khong h hoc trng gia dm mp hoc neo v b tng do ca mt cu. Cc
khong h c th dn n dch chuyn ca dm mp di ti trng giao thng v ko
theo l s ph hoi nhanh chng.
19.5.4.3.7 Tho vn khun v dn rc
Mi vn khun v rc ri phi loi bo sau khi lp t.
Ch gii: Vn khun v rc c xu hng cn tr MBJS hot ng t do. Chng
cng cn tr vic kim tra MBJS.
19.5.4.3.8 Th nghim cch nc
Phi tin hnh th nghim cch nc nu h s hp ng quy nh. Sau khi
lp v hon thnh MBJS, MBJS phi cho ngp nc t nht 1 gi vi chiu su ngp
ti thiu 75mm. Nu quan st thy r r, MBJS phi c sa li tho mn K s v
th li vi chi ph ca Nh thu. Trnh t sa phi theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut
v c K s chp thun.
19.5.4.3.9 Nghim thu
MBJS khng qua c kim tra hoc th nghim phi c thay hoc sa tho
mn K s vi chi ph ca Nh thu. Mi trnh t sa cha a ra phi trnh K s
chp thun trc khi vic sa cha bt u.


Cc tm bt khe ni mt cu c o bng mt di ca tm c chp nhn
lp t xong bng cch o dc theo dc ng tim tm bt khe.
Vic thanh ton s mt di tm bt khe ni o cho mi loi tm bt c thanh
ton ring bit phi bao gm n b y cho chi ph nhn lc, thit b v vt liu
c cung cp v lp t tm bt khe ni mt cu.

Ph lc A19: Phng php th nghim kin ngh cho h khe ni cu theo m
un. Do y l phn b sung cho tiu chun th nghim AASHTO T42 nn khng
a vo phn ny.

Ti liu vin dn

rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3

th

AWS. 2004. AWS D1.1M/D1.1 Structural Welding Code-Steel, American Welding
Society, Miami, FL.

PHN 20: LAN CAN 20 - 1 -

PHN 20: LAN CAN
MC LC

20.1 TNG QUT.
20.1.1 M t...
20.1.2 Vt liu
20.1.3 Thi cng .
20.1.4 Tuyn tim v cao .
20.2 LAN CAN KIM LOI.
20.2.1 Vt liu v ch to
20.2.1.1 Lan can thp..
20.2.1.2 Lan can nhm.
20.2.1.3 Lan can dm kim loi
20.2.1.4 Hn..
20.2.2 Lp t
20.2.3 Hon thin..
20.3 LAN CAN B TNG
20.3.1 Vt liu v thi cng
20.4 LAN CAN G
20.5 LAN CAN V GCH.
20.6 LAN CAN TM THI...
20.7.1 o c.
20.7.2 Thanh ton.
Ti liu vin dn ...
20-2
20-2
20-2
20-2
20-2
20-2
20-2
20-2
20-2
20-3
20-3
20-3
20-3
20-3
20-3
20-4
20-4
20-4
20-4
20-4
20-4
20-6

PHN 20: LAN CAN 20 - 2 -

PHN 20
LAN CAN

20.1 TNG QUT

20.1.1 M t

Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp tt c cc vt liu v thi cng lan can trn
kt cu. Cc lan can thi cng ti mi v tr phi ph hp vi loi v cc chi tit trong h
s hp ng cho v tr ny. Cng vic bao gm vic cung cp v ri va hoc b tng,
bulng neo, cc cht ct thp v cc trang b khc dng lin kt lan can vo kt cu.
Ch gii: Loi lan can k n trong cng vic ny gm c tay vn, lan can cho
ngi i b, lan can cho xe c, i lc c gi l ro chn v lan can cho cc mc
ch khc.

20.1.2 Vt liu
Tt c cc vt liu khng c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca cc tiu chun vt liu ca AASHTO thch hp.

20.1.3 Thi cng
Tr khi c K s cho php lm khc, ch c lp lan can sau khi tho cc
khun vm hoc gio dng cho nhp cu, nhp cu t .

20.1.4 Tuyn tim v cao
Tuyn tim v cao lan can phi chnh xc theo ng nh cho trong h s
hp ng v c th bao gm sai s v vng trong mi nhp nhng khng c c
bt k s khng bng phng no ca kt cu phn trn. Tr khi c quy nh khc trong
h s hp ng, cc lan can trn cu, d c siu cao hay khng, u phi thng ng.

20.2 LAN CAN KIM LOI

20.2.1 Vt liu v ch to
20.2.1.1 Lan can thp
Vt liu v ch to lan can thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu thch hp ca
Phn 11 kt cu thp, tr cc on c c th ch to t thp mm, v cc on ng
phi l ng thp tiu chun. Cc ai c v bu nng khng ch nh l cng cao
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca ASTM A307 v ng thp phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca ASTM A5200, Cp B.
20.2.1.2 Lan can nhm
PHN 20: LAN CAN 20 - 3 -

Lan can hoc cc phn lan can bng nhm, cc ct c bng nhm phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M193; v cc b phn p n phi ph hp vi cc
yu cu ca ASTM B221 (ASTM B221M).
Ch gii: AASHTO M193 b nh ch vo nm 1998 nhng vn l tiu chun
c gi tr i vi ct lan can c bng hp kim nhm.
20.2.1.3 Lan can dm kim loi
Tay vn, ct v ng kim dm kim loi phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong
Phn 606 ca Tiu chun hng dn thi cng ng b ca AASHTO.

20.2.1.4 Hn
Tt c cc ng hn l ra phi hon thin bng cch mi hoc gia cho b mt
bng phng. Hn vt liu nhm phi thc hin trong mi trng c bo v bng kh
tr, trnh t hn h quang in khng dng cht tr dung. Khng c php ct nhm
bng m ct dng la hoc n x.

20.2.2 Lp t
Cc lan can kim loi phi iu chnh cn thn trc khi c nh ti ch m
bo khp nhau ti cc mi ni gip u, tuyn tim chnh xc v vng trn ton b
chiu di ca chng. Cc l lin kt ti hin trng phi khoan sau khi lan can
t ti ch trn kt cu ng cao v tuyn.
Ni no hp kim nhm tip xc vi cc kim loi khc hoc b tng, cc b mt
tip xc phi c ph hon ton bng mt hp cht xm in mi thm thu nhm,
hoc t mt vng m cao su tng hp gia hai b mt.

20.2.3 Hon thin
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc bu lng neo, ai c v tt c
cc phn bng thp ca lan can phi m km v cc phn bng nhm khng c
sn. Vic m tay vn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M 111M/M111 (ASTM
A123/A 123M) v vic m cc ai c v bu lng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M 232M/M232 (ASTM A153/A 153M). Cc b mt m hi b xy xt phi sa
cha bng sn giu kim. Sau khi lp dng, tt c cc mu li nhn phi ty sch, v
lan can phi ra sch cc cht l lm mt mu.
Khi c quy nh sn trong h s hp ng, loi v lp sn phi ph hp vi cc
yu cu ca Phn 13 Sn hoc cc yu cu quy nh trong h s hp ng.

20.3 LAN CAN B TNG

20.3.1 Vt liu v thi cng
Lan can b tng, tu vo thit k, c th c ti ch, c sn hoc khi c K
s chp thun, bng phng php khun trt.
Mi vt liu v cch thi cng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong Phn 8 Kt
cu b tng v Phn 9 Ct thp. Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, b
tng phi ph hp vi Loi AE tr loi A c th s dng trong cc vng t xy ra ng
bng. Khi b dy ti thiu ca lan can bt k im no nh hn 100mm, c th s
PHN 20: LAN CAN 20 - 4 -

dng Loi C (AE) hoc i khi xy ra ng bng, c th dng Loi b tng C. Khng
c tho vn khun i vi lan lan c sn ti ch cho ti khi c cc bin php
tho ng bo dng b tng v b tng c cng phng nga b mt
b h hng hoc cc h hng khc do tho vn khun gy ra. Vic hon thin cc lan
can thi cng bng vn khun c nh phi thuc Loi 2- Hon thin mi. Vic hon
thin cc lan can thi cng bng vn khun trt v lan can tm thi phi thuc Loi1-
Hon thin thng thng. nha

20.4 LAN CAN G
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, cc ct, tay vn hoc cc thanh
g khc trong lan can g phi thi cng theo cc yu cu ca Phn 16 Kt cu g. Khi
c yu cu x l g, vic x l bo qun phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 17
X l bo qun g. Cc b mt ca tt c cc b phn ca lan can bng g x l
nm cc v tr c th tip xc vi ngi phi c qut hai lp cht ph chp nhn
c.
Ghi ch: Cc cht ph nh urethane, nha cnh kin, nha epoxy,son v verni.

20.5 LAN CAN V GCH

Lan can v gch phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 14 xy v
Phn 15 Vt xy bng khi b tng v gch.

20.6 LAN CAN TM THI

Cc lan can tm thi phi thi cng bng cc vt liu v chi tit nu trong h s
hp ng. Cc lan can phi ni v t ng tuyn tim ti cc v tr yu cu. Cc ro
chn c sn tm thi phi t trn cc chc chn. Lan can tm thi phi duy tr
trong iu kin loi mt v ch c tho i sau khi mi cng vic cn dng n lan can
xong. Cc lan can s dng trc y c th dng li nu chng sch s v
khng b h hng. Sau khi tho i, lan can tm thi vn thuc ti sn ca Nh thu.


20.7.1 o c
Lan can c o theo mt di gia cc u ca lan can hoc cc u pha
ngoi ca cc ct u, ly s no ln hn. Vic o c c o dc theo ng dc
dc b tr lan can v khng phi tr ch t ct n in hoc cc khe h nh khc c
yu cu trn h s hp ng.

20.7.2 Thanh ton
Cc lan can c thanh ton theo gi hp ng tnh theo mt di cho cc loi
khc nhau lit k trong h s hp ng. Vic thanh ton ny phi k n mi vic
n b y cho vic cung cp mi nhn lc, vt liu, thit b v ph ph v cho vic
PHN 20: LAN CAN 20 - 5 -

thc hin cng vic c lin quan n thi cng lan can hoc ro chn hon thanh ti
ch, k c vic cung cp v lp t ct thp v cht thp hoc bulng neo c t
hoc khoan v dn vo trong kt cu c nh cc lan can.
PHN 20: LAN CAN 20 - 6 -

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 1998. AASHTO Guide Specification for Highway Construction, GSH-8,

th

PHN 21: LP PHNG NC 21 - 1 -

PHN 21: LP PHNG NC
MC LC

21.1 TNG QUT.
21.1.1 Phng nc...
21.1.2 Phng m...
21.2 VT LIU...
21.2.1 H thng phng nc atphan.
21.2.1.1 Atphan.
21.2.1.2 Lp lt .
21.2.1.3 Tm dt...
21.2.2 Cc h thng mng phng nc ch sn
21.2.2.1 Lp lt.
21.2.2.2 Tm mng ch sn
21.2.2.3 Ma tit
21.2.3 Cc lp bo v..
21.2.4 Lp chng m
21.2.5 Kim tra v giao vt liu..
21.3 CHUN B B MT.
21.4 RI LP PHNG NC..
21.4.1 Phng nc bng mng atphan.
21.4.1.1 Tng qut
21.4.1.2 Lp t.
21.4.1.3 Cc chi tit c bit...
21.4.1.4 V h hng.
21.4.2 H thng phng nc bng mng ch sn..
21.4.2.1 Tng qut
21.4.2.2 Ri trn mt cu.
21.4.2.3 Ri trn cc b mt khc..
21.4.3 Lp bo v.
21.4.4 Lp phng m...

21-2
21-2
21-2
21-2
21-2
21-2
21-2
21-2
21-2
21-2
21-3
21-3
21-4
21-4.
21-4
21-4
21-5
21-5
21-5
21-5
21-6
21-6
21-6
21-6
21-6
21-7
21-7
21-8
21-8


PHN 21
LP PHNG NC

21.1 TNG QUT

Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp v lp t cc vt liu phng nc
hoc phng m cc b mt b tng hoc vt xy. Cc b mt cn phng nc hoc
phng m v loi kt cu cn lp t phi theo nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.

21.1.1 Phng nc
Phng nc gm c vic thi cng ti ch mt h thng mng atphan hoc mt
h mng atphan ch sn, c hai loi u gm c cc vt liu lt thch hp v khi cn
thit phi c cc lp ph bo v. Tr khi trong h s hp ng c quy nh mt loi h
thng phng nc ring, loi h thng phng nc s dng l tu theo s la chn
ca Nh thu.

21.1.2 Phng m
Vic phng m phi gm mt lp lt v hai lp qut atphan phng nc.

21.2 VT LIU

21.2.1 H thng phng nc atphan
21.2.1.1 Atphan
Atphan phng nc phi ph hp vi Tiu chun atphan phng nc v phng
m ASTM D449. Phi s dng Loi I di t v Loi II trn mt t.
21.2.1.2 Lp lt
Lp lt dng vi atphan phng nc phi ph hp vi Tiu chun i vi lp lt
dng vi atphan phng nc v phng m.
21.2.1.3 Tm dt
Tm dt phi ph hp vi tiu chun v cc tm dt si bng tm bo ho cc
cht bitum dng phng nc ASTM D173 hoc cc Tiu chun v tm dt si thu
tinh c x l vi atphan, ASTM D3515.
Tm dt phi ct gi trtong mt ni kh ro, c che chn. Cc cun khng
c dng ng.

21.2.2 Cc h thng mng phng nc ch sn
21.2.2.1 Lp lt
Lp lt dng vi mng tphan trng cao su phi l vt liu c gc neoprene, v
lp lt dng vi mng bitum bin tnh phi l vt liu gc nha hoc dung mi. Cc lp
lt phi l loi do nh sn xut khuyn dng.

21.2.2.2 Tm mng ch sn
Tm mng ch sn phi l loi atphan trng cao su hoc loi bitum bin tnh.
Loi atphan trng cao su gm c tm atphan trng cao su c gia cng bng mt
mng hoc mt li polyethylene. Loi tm bitum bin tnh gm mt tm polime bitum
bin tnh c gia cng bng mt tm dt polyester hoc tm li si thu tinh dn
p. Tm mng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong Bng 21.2.2.2-1 v 21.2.2.2-2.

Bng 21.2.2.2-1 Tm mng ch sn cho cc b mt khng phi l mt cu
Gi tr
Tnh cht Th nghim
Loi atphan trng cao su Loi bitum bin tnh
Cng ko theo
phng ca my
ASTM D882 3.5N/mm 3,5N/mm
% gin di lc t
theo phng ca my
ASTM D882 150% 23
o
C 2
o
C 25% 23
o
C 2
o
C
Tnh un do ASTM D146 Khng nt Khng nt
B dy ti thiu 1.5mm 1.5mm
im ho mm ti
thiu
ASTM D36 74
o
C 99
o
C

Bng 21.2.2.2-2 Tm mng ch sn cho cc b mt mt cu

Gi tr
Tnh cht Th nghim
Loi atphan trng cao su Loi Bitum bin tnh
Cng ko theo
phng ca my
ASTM D882 8.8N/mm 7.0N/mm
% gin di lc t
theo phng ca my
ASTM D882 15% 23
o
C 2
o
C 10% 23
o
C 2
o
C
Tnh un do ASTM D146 Khng nt Khng nt
B dy ti thiu 1.6mm 1.8mm
im ho mm ti
thiu
ASTM D36 74
o
C 99
o
C

ASTM D882 phi da vo phng php A, di rng 25mm vi vic tch kp ban
u ti thiu 100mm, mi pht 50mm di. Tiu ch nghim thu da trn tr s trung bnh
ca 5 mu.
ASTM D146 phi da trn un 180
o
C quanh trc 100m -12
o
C

21.2.2.3 Matit
Matit dng vi cc tm trng cao su ch sn phi l cht xm khe ni bng
atphan trng cao su dng ngui. Matit dng vi tm bitum bin tnh phi l hn hp cac
nha tng hp v bitum.

21.2.3 Cc lp bo v
Vt liu dng lm lp ph bo v phi ph hp vi cc iu sau tr khi c quy
nh mt loi khc trong h s hp ng.
Vi cc b mt s c lp t kn, lp ph bo v phi gm c mt tm cc
tng cng dy 3mm hoc vt liu khc bo v b mt khi b h hng do vt liu lp
to v nhn hoc do thit b thi cng gy ra.
Vi mt ng hoc mt cu, lp ph bo v phi c mt lp b tng atphan
c bit theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Vi cc b mt nm ngang bn trn c thi cng kt cu b tng ct thp lp bo
v phi gm c mt lp 50mm va b tng ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 8.14
Va xy v va phun tr cc t l l 1 phn xi mng portland vi 3 phn ct liu nh.
Lp va ny phi gia cng bng mt tm si thp hn 150 x 150--MW9 x MW9 b
mt trn v b mt mt y, hoc loi tng ng. B mt trn phi hon thin nhn
v ng cao .

21.2.4 Lp chng m
Lp lt v atphan dng chng m phi ph hp vi quy nh trong iu
21.2.1 H thng phng nc mng atphan.

21.2.5 Kim tra v giao vt liu
Tt c cc vt liu phng nc v phng m phi th nghim trc khi chuyn
ch. Tr khi c lnh khc ca K s, chng phi c th nghim ti ni sn xut, v
khi th nghim nh vy, phng ho hc hoc phng kim tra c ch nh lm th
nghim phi gi mt bn sao cc kt qu th nghim cho K s, mi bao kin phi
c nh mt nhn, ng du hoc cc du hiu nhn dng khc, cho bit bao kin
oc th nghim v chp nhn oc v nhn dng bao gi vi cc th nghim
phng th nghim.
Nu kim tra tai nh my, nhng thay cho vic , K s c th ra lnh gi cho
ng ta cc mu i din, c nhn dng chnh xc th nghim trc khi chuyn
ch vt liu. Sau khi giao cc vt liu phi ly cc mu kim ta i din xc nh cc
vt liu c th chp nhn c.
Tt c vt liu phi giao ti cng trnh trong cc thng mi nguyn, c nh du
r rng bng nhn hoc du hiu ca nh sn xut.

21.3 CHUN B B MT
Tt c cc b mt b tng cn phi phng nc hoc phng m phi tng i
nhn v khng c vt liu l c th cn tr dnh kt v khng c cc ch li lm c th
lm thng mng phng nc hoc phng m. B mt phi kh, v ngay truc khi qut
lp lt b mt phi hon ton sch bi v vt liu ri.

Khng c lm phng nc hoc phng m khi thi tit m t, cng khng
c lm khi nhit thp di 2
o
C hoc thp hn khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut, tr
khi c K s chp thun trc khi thi cng. Nu b mt b tng tm thi b m, phi
ph mt lp ct nng 50mm, ti ch t 1 n 2 gi, hoc lu hn na to ra iu
kin m v b mt kh, sau ct c qut vun li, l b mt bt u cng
vic, v c lp li thao tc nh th theo tin cng vic.

21.4 RI LP PHNG NC

Ch c ri lp phng nc cho bt k b mt no sau khi Nh thu chun
b sn ri, lp ph bo v v lp trong mt thi gian ngn ngi hoc thit b
khng lm h hng mng, hoc mng b h hng do thi tit hoc do nguyn nhn no
khc. Mng hoc lp ph bo v b h hng phi c Nh thu sa cha hoc thay
th bng chi ph ca mnh.

21.4.1 Phng nc bng mng atphan
21.4.1.1 Tng qut
Phng nc bng mng atphan gm c mt lp lt qut trn b mt c
chun b v mt mng dnh chc chn gm hai lp tm dt thm bo ho v qut ba
lt atphan phong nc, khi yu cu cn c mt lp ph bo v.
21.4.1.2 Lp t
Atphan phi un nng ti mt nhit gia 150
o
C v 170
o
C. Cc thng un phi
trang b nhit k.
Trong mi trng hp, vic phng nc phi bt u t im thp ca b mt
cn phng nc, nh vy nc s chy vt qua v khng lt vo hoc chy dc cc
on chm ln nhau.
Di u tin ca tm dt phi bng na b rng, di th hai l ton b b rng,
chng ln ton b b rng ca di th nht, di th ba v cc di tip theo phi l ton
b b rng v phi chm cho ti mi im u c hai lp tm dt vi cc on
chm ln nhau khng rng di 50mm. Tt c cc on chm cui phi t nht bng
300mm.
Phn ri mt lp lt bt u t im thp nht ca b mt cn phng nc v
cho kh trc khi ri lp atphan th nht. Sau lp phng nc c tin hnh
nh sau.
Bt u t im thp ca b mt cn phng nc, qut mt on rng khong
500mm v di ton b b mt bng atphan nng v ngay sau khi qut atphan, ri ln
mt di tm dt u tin, bng mt na b rng, c p cn thn ti ch loi b
tt c cc bong bng khng kh v n st vo b mt. Di ny v mt on tip theo
ca b mt c b rng bng hn mt na v b rng tm dt c qut tip atphan
nng, v ri ln ton b b rng ca tm dt., ph hon ton di th nht, v p
cht nh trc. Sau di th hai ny v mt on k bn ca b mt b tng li
c qut atphan nng v di th ba ca tm dt c ri trn v chm ln di th
nht khng t hn 50mm. Qu trnh ny tip tc vi mi di tm dt chm ln t nht
50mm trn di th hai trc cho ton b b mt oc ph vi t nht hai lp tm
dt. Sau ton b b mt c qut mt lp atphan nng cui cng.

Lp phng nc hon thnh phi l mt mng dnh kt chc chn gm hai lp
tm dt v ba lp qut atphan, v mt lp lt. Khng c trung hp no mt lp tm
dt c chm vi mt lp khc ti bt k mt im no v chm vo b mt b tng,
v phi c t nht ba lp atphan hon chnh.
Trong mi trng hp, vic qut trn b tng phi ph b mt khng xut
hin mt vt xm no, v trn tm dt n phi dy hon ton che ph tm dt.
Trn cc b mt nm ngang phi dng khng t hn 5L/m
2
atphan cho mi cng trnh
hon thnh, v trn cc b mt thng ng khng t hn 6,25L/m
2
. Cng vic phi iu
chnh th no lc ht ngy lm vic, tt c cc tm dt c t c qut lp
atphan cui cng. Ch c bit n tt c cc on chm xem chng c c bt
hon ho khng.
21.4.1.3 Cc chi tit c bit
Ti mp ca mng v ti bt k im no b chc thng t cc trng b ph
nh ng hoc rnh thot nc, phi b tr thch hp phng nc lt vo gia lp
phng nc v b mt cn phng nc.
Tt c cc ra mp ti cc va v st cc dm, cc tng trn vm v.v c
thc hin tng lp ring bit chm ln mng chnh t nht 300mm. Cc ra ny c bt
kn bng mt tm kim loi chng ra xm, hoc bng cch gn cc mp trn ca ra
trong mt rnh rt y cht nhi khe.
Cc khe ni, ch yu l cac khe ni h, nhng khng c thit k gin n
th u tin n phi xm bng x gai hoc vt liu khc c K s chp thun, sau
nhi bng cht nhi khe nng.
Cc khe co gin, c nm ngang v thng ng u phi b tr ng l hoc ch
l thnh dng ch U hoc V theo h s hp ng. Sau khi t mng xong, khe c
bt bng cht bt khe nng. Mng c lm lin tc trn tt c cc khe co gin.
cc u kt cu, mng c a su xung cc m v c b tr ph hp
cho mi chuyn ng.
21.4.1.4 V h hng
Phi ch phng nga h hng cho mng hon thin do cng nhn hoc
thit b qua li bn trn, hoc do qung nm vt liu trn . Mi ch h hng c th
xy ra phi c sa cha bng cch v. V phi m rng t nht 300mm qu phn b
h hng ngoi cng v lp th hai phi ko di qu t nht 75mm ngoi lp th nht.

21.4.2 H thng phng nc bng mng ch sn
21.4.2.1 Tng qut
Cc h thng phng nc bng mng ch sn gm c mt lp lt ri ln b mt
chun b, mt lp n tm mng dnh ch sn v khi c yu cu l mt lp ph bo
v.
21.4.2.2 Ri trn mt cu
Trc khi ri lp lt, ti tt c cc ch mt cu sau ny c ph ln bi tng
ngang hoc thit b gp co gin c phi che bang cch ng hoc dn ln trn lp
giy xy dng bn vi du.
Lp bt mng v b tng atphan c ri lin tc qua cac giy che ny, tuy
nhin t giy che v tm ch sn phi ct ti khe co gin hoc gn khi c lnh ca
K s.

Lp lt c gc neoprene phi ri thnh mt lp vi mc khong mi lt cho 7,4
m2. Lp lt gc nha hoc dung mi phi ri thnh mt lp vi mc mi lt cho 2,9m2.
Lp lt uc ri cho ton b din tch c ph bng phng php phun hoc chi
ln.
Tt c cc cht sn lt phi trn k v khuy lin tc trong khi ri.
Lp lt phi kh cho ti khi khng dnh na trc khi ri tm mng.
Nu tm mng khng c ri trn cc b mt c lp lt gc dung mi trong
vng 24 gi, hoc trn cc b mt c lp lt gc neoprene trong vng 36 gi, hoc trn
lp lt gc nha trong vng 8 gi, th cc b mt phi ri lp lt li.
Tm mng ch sn phi ri ln cc b mt qut lp lt bng phng php
th cng hoc bng cc my ri. Tm mng phi t theo cch th no theo chiu
nc chy nh lp mi nh. u tin, mt di mng c b rng ti thiu 300mm c
di dc ng tip gip ca mt cu vi chn barie hoc mt va ti pha thp ca mt
cu vi tm mng ko di ln mt va hoc barie 75mm. Sau , bt u t tuyn tim
rnh, cc tm c ri theo chiu dc v cnh chm ln tm tip gip khng t hn
60mm v cc u cui chm ln nhau khng t hn 150mm. Sau o ri mt di b rng
ti thiu 300mm ti ng tip gip ca mt cu v chn va hoc lan can ti phi cao
ca mt cu v ko di trn mt va hoc lan can 75mm. Sau khi ri, cc tm mng
c ln bng cc con ln tay hoc thit b khc theo s cn thit to ra mt s
dnh kt chc chn v ng u vi cc b mt b tng qut lp lt. Phi s dung
cc phng thc gim n ti thiu cc np nhn hoc bt khng kh. Mi ch rch,
t hoc cc ch chm qu hp phi v li, s dng mt cht dnh tt v t cc
ming mng ln khu vc b h hng theo cch th no ming v ko di t nht
150mm qu ch h hng. Trn cc tm bitum bin tnh vi mt mng polyyeste vnh
cu, phi dng mt n x lm chy mng polyeste trn on phi v. Sau ming
v c at trn b mt t nng. Tt c cc ming v phi lu cn hoc p cht vo
b mt b tng.
Ti tt c cc khe ni h, cc ng thot nc mt cu v ti cc v tr khc khi
c lnh ca K s, tm mng phi ct v lt vo trong khe ni hoc ng thot nc
khi ri tm mng.
Vi cc tm atphan trng cao su v tm bitum bin tnh phi ri matt nh mt
g dc mp l ra ca tm mng khi ko di ln mt barie lan can hoc b via, cc mp
ny kt thc pha cao ca rnh sau khi ri xong cc tm mng.
21.4.2.3 Ri trn cc b mt khc
Vic ri cc mng ch sn trn cc b mt khng phi l mt cu phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu thch hp i vi mt cu v cc yu cu sau:
Tm mng ch sn phi ri thng ng vi mi tm sau chm ln tm trc
ti thiu 75mm. Cc mi ni nm ngang phi chm ln nhau t nht 150mm.
Cc mp l ra ca cc tm mng phi mit bng bay mt g matt do nh
sn xut khuyn ngh hoc mt di xm sau khi mng ri xong.
Tt c cc ng, ng dn nc, ng lt hoc cc trang b khc nh ra qua tm
mng phng nc ch sn phi c vin mp bng mt v bc ch sn
hoc ch to ti hin trng, cc lp ph khit hoc cc bin php khc tu
theo s cn thit lm cho cng trnh kn nc.

21.4.3 Lp bo v

Cc lp bo v phi t ngay sau khi ri tm phng nc phng nga h
hng cho tm phng nc l ra nh nng hoc thi tit hoc h hng do cc xe c
hoc cc thao tc thi cng sau .
Phi t mt lp ph bo v bng g p trn lp ph cht dnh thuc loi do nh
sn xut phng nc khuyn ngh. Cht dnh phi ri vi mc gi lp ph
bo v v tr cho ti khi lp t.

21.4.4 Lp phng m
Cc b mt b tng, gch hoc cc b mt khc cn bo v bng lp phng m
phi hon ton sch trc khi ri lp lt. B mt cn phng m phi c qut lp lt
sau c qut cn thn bng atphan phng nc. Khi lp qut th nht ha
cng , ton b b mt phi qut lp atphan nng th hai. Phi ch cn thn
xem c cc on b qung trong cc lp v tt c cc b mt c ph hon hon.


Lp phng nc v lp phng m c o theo mt vung hon chnh ti ch
v c chp nhn.
Vic thanh ton c thc hin trn c s s mt vung lp phng nc v
phng m o c.
Vic thanh ton i vi lp phng nc phi n b y cho chi ph cung cp
tt c cc thit b, vt liu v nhn lc cn thit hon thnh tt p mng phng
nc v lp ph bo v.
Vic thanh ton i vi lp phng m phi n b y cho chi ph cung cp
tt c thit b, vt liu, v nhn lc cn thit hon thnh tt p lp phng m.
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 1 -

PHN 22: BO V MI DC
MC LC

22.1 TNG QUT.
22.1.1 M t...
22.2 BN V THI CNG.
22.3 VT LIU..
22.3.1 Ct liu
22.3.2 R thp ..
22.3.3 Vi lc.
22.3.4 Va.
22.3.5 B tng ng bao.
22.3.6 B tng xi mng portland.
22.3.7 Va ri bng kh nn
22.3.8 Khi v cc hnh dng b tng xi mng portland c sn...................
22.3.9 Ct thp..
22.3.10 Rnh thot nc bng li hn hp vi lc.........................................
22.4 THI CNG ....
22.4.1 Chun b mi dc..
22.4.2 Lp nn..
22.4.3 Vi lc.
22.4.4 Rnh thot nc bng cc li hn hp vi lc
22.4.5 hc lt th cng..
22.4.6 hc lt bng my.
22.4.6.1 Lt kh.
22.4.6.2 t di nc
22.4.7 t trong r thp..
22.4.7.1 Ch to ..
22.4.7.2 Lp t.
22.4.8 hc xy va.
22.4.9 B tng ng bao..
22.4.10 Lt mi dc bng b tng..
22.4.10.1 Tng qut..
22.4.10.2 Lt mi dc bng b tng ti ch....................................
22-3
22-3
22-3
22-3
22-4
22-4
22-4
22-4
22-4
22-4
22-5
22-5
22-5
22-5
22-5
22-5
22-5
22-6
22-6
22-6
22-6
22-6
22-6
22-7
22-7
22-7
22-8
22-8
22-9
22-9
22-9
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 2 -

22.4.10.3 Lt mi dc bng b tng c sn.......................................
22.5 O C V THANH TON....................................................................
22.5.1 Phng php o c
22.5.1.1 hc v thm lc
22.5.1.2 B tng ng bao...................................................................
22.5.1.3 hc trong r thp...............................................................
22.5.1.4 Lt mi dc bng b tng ti ch......................................
22.5.1.5 Lt mi dc bng b tng c sn.........................................
22.5.1.6 Vi lc..
22.5.2 Thanh ton.
22.5.2.1 Tng qut
22.5.2.2 hc.
22.5.2.3 B tng ng bao..
22.5.2.4 hc trong r thp..............................................................
22.5.2.5 Lt mi dc bng b tng ti ch......................................
22.5.2.6 Lt mi dc bng b tng c sn.........................................
22.5.2.7 Thm lc.
22.5.2.8 Vi lc..
22.5.2.9 H thot nc bng li hn hp vi lc.................................
Ti liu vin dn ...
22-10
22-10
22-10
22-10
22-10
22-10
22-10
22-10
22-10
22-11
22-11
22-11
22-11
22-11
22-11
22-11
22-11
22-11
22-11
22-13

PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 3 -

PHN 22
BO V MI DC

22.1 TNG QUT

22.1.1 M t
Cng vic ny bao gm vic thi cng cc lp bo v b v mi dc theo bn
Tiu chun ny v tng i st hp vi cc ng tim, cao v b dy cho trong h
s hp ng hoc do K s xc lp. Cc quy nh ny phi p dng cho lt mi dc
bng hc, bng b tng v bng b tng c sn.
Ch gii: Cc loi bo v mi dc c nh r nh sau:
Lt mi dc bng hc
hc lt th cng lt th cng trn nn t hoc si
hc lt bng my lt bng my trn nn t hoc si
hc trong r thp t trong cc r li thp
hc xy va hc lt th cng nh m t trn v cc khe
rng c nhi y va ct xi mng
B tng ng bao b tng ng bao lt th cng
Lt mi dc bng b tng
Lt mi dc bng b tng ti ch - B tng xi mng portland, va ri bng kh
nn, hoc khi c php, cc hnh dng li thp nhi y va b tng kt cu.
Lt mi dc bng b tng c sn Cc tm, cc khi hoc cc hnh dng
c sn bng b tng xi mng portland trc khi t.

22.2 BN V THI CNG

Bt k khi no nh quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc K s yu cu, Nh
thu phi cung cp cc bn v thi cng vi cc tnh ton thit k v cc s liu lm cn
c chi tit cho php xem xt v mt kt cu bn thit k kin ngh ca h thng
bo v mi dc. Khi lin quan n b tng, cc s liu ny bao gm trnh t v tc
b tng. Phi cung cp bn sao p ng cc nhu cu ca K s v cc n v
c quyn xem xt. Cc bn v thi cng phi np y trc khi s dng c th
xem xt, sa cha nu cn v chp thun m khng lm chm cng vic.
Nh thu ch c bt u thi cng bt c h thng bo v mi dc no theo
yu cu ca cc bn v thi cng sau khi cc bn v c K s chp thun. Vic
chp thun ny khng lm gim trch nhim ca Nh thu v cc kt qu t c do
vic s dng cc bn v hoc bt c trch nhim no khc theo h s hp ng.

22.3 VT LIU

PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 4 -

22.3.1 Ct liu
Ct liu dng lm l hc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca tiu mc
703.15 Ct liu cho hc ca Tiu chun hng dn thi cng ng b AASHTO.
Ct liu dng lm rnh thot nc ngm v cc thm lc phi ph hp vi cc
Phn 704 Ct liu cho thot nc v 705 Thm bo v bng , thm lc v tm dt
tng ng ca Tiu chun hng dn thi cng ng b AASHTO.
Ch gii: Ct liu cho hc, thot nc ngm v thm lc tham kho Tiu
chun hng dn thi cng ng b AASHTO.

22.3.2 R thp
R thp phi thi cng bng li thp. Li thp phi lm bng si thp m
km c ng knh ti thiu 3.0mm (c si thp M N.11). Cng ko ca si thp
phi trong phm vi t 415 ti 585 MPa, c xc nh theo ASTM A392. Lp km m
ti thiu ca si thp phi l 0,25kg/m
2
b mt si cha m c xc nh theo
AASHTO T65/M T65 (ASTM A90/A 90M).
Si mp, si ging v si lin kt phi p ng cc yu cu c cng cng
v lp m quy nh trn y i vi si thp dng lm li.
Ch gii: C si thp ph hp vi Bng C si v tm kim loi trong S tay
thp xy dng AISC LRFD.

22.3.3 Vi lc
Vi lc phi p ng cc yu cu ca Tiu mc 705.03 ca Tiu chun hng
dn thi cng ng b AASHTO.
Ch gii: Cc yu cu v vi lc tham kho Tiu chun hng dn thi cng
ng b AASHTO 1998.

22.3.4 Va
Va phi gm mt phn xi mng portland v ba phn ct trn k vi nc to
ra mt hn hp d thi cng.

22.3.5 B tng ng bao
B tng dng ng trong bao phi l hn hp mt sch hoc ct, si ra
sch, xi mng v nc. Hn hp phi cha khng t hn 223kg/m
3
xi mng portland
cho mt mt khi v c nc c st t 75 n 125mm. Cc bao ng b tng
phi lm bng bao 0,34 kg/m
2
hoc cc loi vi dt khc c cng bng hoc ln
hn. Cc bao phi c kch thc khong 495mm x 915mm o bn trong ng khu
khi bao t phng, vi mt dung tch khong 0,035m
3
. C th dng cc bao sa cha
li, cn tt.

22.3.6 B tng xi mng portland
B tng xi mng portland dng lt mi dc c ti ch phi ph hp vi cc
quy nh ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng i vi b tng loi B hoc loi B (AE) s dng
cp phi t hp ti a 25mm.
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 5 -

Cht nhi khe co gin phi ph hp vi cc quy nh trong iu 8.9.2.1 Tm
nhi khe gin n c sn.

22.3.7 Va ri bng kh nn
Vt liu dng lm va ri bng kh nn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn
24 Va phun bng kh nn.

22.3.8 Khi v cc hnh dng b tng xi mng portland c sn
Cc khi v hnh dng b tng xi mng portland c sn phi p ng cc yu
cu ca ASTM C129, Cp C139 hoc Cp C90 nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Cc vt liu dng cho tm bn b tng xi mng portland c sn phi ph hp vi cc
yu cu ca iu 8.13 Cu kin b tng c sn.

22.3.9 Ct thp
Ct thp phi ph hp cc quy nh trong Phn 9 Ct thp.

22.3.10 Rnh thot nc bng li hn hp vi lc
Loi rnh thot nc ny gm c mt li ch to sn c mt mt hoc hai mt
ph mt lp vi lc
Li ch to sn l mt li v ch sn bng nha dp ni, mt tm thm c cc
hnh dng tu dt bng si nha, mt h li thot nc gm c mt mng ng u
cc tao dt polyme to thnh hai lng mng lin tc, mt h cc tr nha v cc mng
nha to thnh mt thm na cng, hoc h thng khc c K s chp thun, cc
h thng ny s dn dng nc theo nh ch nh trong h s hp ng.
Vi lc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 22.3.3 v phi dnh lin vo vt
liu li.
Nh thu phi cung cp cho K s chng ch c k tn do nh sn xut cp ni
r rnh thot nc bng li hn hp vi lc ngh s dng c th chu c cc ti
trng thit k ti tt c cc v tr nh d nh m khng lm gim ng k kh nng
thot nc ca cc l rng thot nc thit k trn ton b chiu cao hoc chiu di
rnh.

22.4 THI CNG

22.4.1 Chun b mi dc
Khi yu cu, mi dc phi to hnh dng thi cng c ton b b dy ca
cng trnh bo v mi dc quy nh v nn hoc si lc bt k. Mi dc khng c
dc hn gc ngh t nhin quy nh ca mi dc quy nh trong hp ng. Khi mi dc
khng th o ti t cha b xo trn th lp t nm di mi dc phi c m
cht ti 95% cht tiu chun nh quy nh trong AASHTO T99.

22.4.2 Lp nn
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 6 -

Khi c yu cu trong h s hp ng, phi lm mt lp si lc hoc tm lc trn
mi dc ngay trc khi lt hoc lt mi dc. Lp si lc phi c thit k m bo
c b dy ti thiu nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.

22.4.3 Vi lc
Khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng, vi lc phi ri u trn mi dc hoc b
mt chun b. Vi lc phi tri ra trc tip trn b mt theo cc ng tim v kch
thc cho trong h s hp ng. Vi lc phi chm ln nhau t nht 300mm trong
mi phng v phi c nh vo v tr bng cc dng c neo c chp thun. Nh
thu phi t hc th no khng x rch, chc thng hoc x dch tm lc. Khng
c php cho thit b ko hoc c bnh xe chy trn mi dc t vi lc.

22.4.4 Rnh thot nc bng cc li hn hp vi lc
Cc rnh thot nc loi ny phi t ti cc v tr cho trong h s hp ng v
ch K s ch th. Vic t cc h thng thu gom v thot nc nh nu trong h
s hp ng hoc theo ch th ca K s.
Vt liu li ch to t cc tm nha khng thm nc c cc gn sng lin
kt, s c t sao cho cc gn sng gn nh vung gc vi h thng thu gom thot
nc.
Khi ch mt pha ca h thot nc bng cc li hn hp vi lc c ph vi
lc, th h thot nc phi t sao cho vi lc ph ln mt nn p. Vi lc ph ln mt
nn p phi chm ln ti thiu 75mm ti tt c cc ch ni v bc xung quanh cc
mp ngoi t nht 75mm ra qu mp ngoi. Nu cn phi c thm vi lc t chm
trn cc mi ni v bc xung quanh cc mp, th vi lc thm ny phi chm ln vi lc
trn rnh t nht 150mm v c gn vo .
Nu vi lc trong rnh b rch hoc thng, on b h hng phi thay hon ton
hoc sa cha bng cch t mt ming vi lc lp ph din tch b h hng v
chm ln 150mm xung quanh ton b din tch h hng.

22.4.5 hc lt th cng
Khi quy nh lt th cng trong h s hp ng, cc vin to hn phi t
trc vi cc khe st nhau trong ho chn. phi t vi trc dc vung gc vi
mt nn p v b tr cho mi vin trn lp mng phi c ba im t trn cc
vin nm di. Khng chp nhn vic trt cc l rng to ra im t trn cc vin
nh hn. Khng c php ri bng cch ng. Cc khe phi lp y bng
nh hoc mnh vn.
Ch gii: Lp mng l lp t trn mi dc tip xc vi mt t.

22.4.6 hc lt bng my
22.4.6.1 Lt kh
lt bng my phi lt sao c t l rng nht, cc vin to hn phi lt trong
lp chn v trn cc mt pha ngoi ca bo v mi dc. c th ng v c
th ri bng my i hoc thit b thch hp khc thnh cc lp. Khi hon thnh cng
trnh bo v mi dc, ho chn mng phi lp bng vt liu o v khng cn lu ln.
22.4.6.2 t di nc
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 7 -

Khi t di nc, khng c ng t do nu khng c php bng vn
bn ca K s. Phi t bng cc phng php iu chnh c bng cc thng m
y hoc cc ti an bng si thp th xung nc ti im t quy nh.

22.4.7 t trong r thp
22.4.7.1 Ch to
Li thp phi an thnh cc mt lui lc gic c kch thc ng u. Kch
thc ln nht theo chiu di ca mt li khng c vt qu 115mm v din tch
mt li khng c vt qu 5160mm
2
. Li thp phi ch to th no khng b
x mi.
Cc r phi ch to th no cc mt bn, cc u, np v cc vch ngn
c th lp rp ti a im thi cng thnh cc r ch nht c kch thc quy nh. R
phi ch to thnh tng n nguyn ring l c ngha l y, np, u v cnh bn
phi an thnh mt n nguyn ring l, hoc mt mp ca cc b phn ny c lin
kt vi tit din y ca r theo mt cch m cng v mm do ti im lin
kt t nht cng bng bn thn li.
Khi chiu di r vt qu b rng nm ngang ca n, r phi chia u ra bng
cc vch ngn, loi li v c nh thn r, thnh tng m chiu di khng vt
qu b rng nm ngang. R c cung cp vi cc vch ngn cn thit c buc
chc chn v tr ng trn y sao cho khng cn buc thm ch ni ny.
Tt c cc mp chu vi ca li to thnh r phi kp chc chn hoc vin mp
cc mi ni buc ti cc mp c cng t nht nh thn li.
Si thp vin mp qua tt c cc mp (si chu vi) khng c c ng knh
nh hn 3,76mm (c si thp M No.9) v phi c cng cng v lp m nh li
thp.
Si buc v lin kt phi c cung cp vi khi lng buc chc chn
tt c cc mp ca r v vch v b tr 4 si lin kt cho trong mi c chiu cao
bng b rng v t nht 2 si lin kt cho trong mi c chiu cao bng mt na b
rng ca r. Khng cn cc si lin kt cho khi chiu cao bng mt phn ba b rng
r. Si buc v si lin kt phi c cng cng v lp m nh si dng trong li,
tr vic chng c th nh hn 2 c (0,68mm).
Thay v si thp buc, c th dng cc vng un cong m km 2 c (6,668mm)
lin kt cc r gip nhau v gi cc np r. Khong cch gia cc vng khng c
vt qu 150mm.
Cc mi ni thng ng trong cng trnh hon thnh phi lch nhau khong
1/3 hoc chiu di ca ton b r.
Ch gii: Khng b x mi ngha l c kh nng mt ch mi xon hoc lin kt
no to thnh li khng b x tung ra khi mt si n l no ca tm li b ct t.
C si thp ph hp vi Bng C si v tm kim loi trong S tay thp xy
dng AISC LRFD.
22.4.7.2 Lp t
Cc r phi t trn mt nn mng nhn. ng tim v cao cui cng
phi c K s chp thun.
Mi r phi lp rp bng cch buc tt c cc mp ng vi nhau bng si thp
cch nhau khong 150mm hoc bng mt si thp lin kt lin tc qun xung quanh
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 8 -

cc mp ng cch 100mm mt vng. Cc r rng phi t theo ng tuyn v cao
nh cho trn h s hp ng hoc theo hng dn ca K s. Cc si thp buc,
cc vng cong, hoc si lin kt c dng ni cc n nguyn vi nhau theo cng
mt cch nh m t trn v vic lp rp. Cc si buc bn trong phi cch nhau
ng u v buc chc chn trong mi ca kt cu.
C th dng thit b cng chn tiu chun, dy xch rng rc hoc thanh st
cng cc r li thp v gi thng hng.
Cc r phi t y cn thn bng tay hoc my m bo tuyn thng v
trnh cc ch phnh vi l hng t nht. Phi tin hnh xen k vic b v lin kt si
thp cho ti khi y r. Sau khi r y, np phi un cong ln trn cho ti khi gp
cc cnh v mp. Sau np c buc chc chn vo cc cnh cc u v vch
ngn vi si thp buc hoc si lin kt theo cch m t trn i vi vic lp rp.

22.4.8 hc xy va
c lt trn mi dc nh quy nh trong iu 22.4.5 hc lt th cng
v c lm m hon ton bng nc sau khi t. Va phi ri trong khi cn m v
phi vo su trong cc khe lp y cc l rng.
Khi b dy vt qu 300mm , phi lt thnh cc lp 300mm v mi lp phi
ri va trc khi lt lp th hai. Cc lp tip theo phi thi cng v ri va trc khi
va lp trc ng cng.
Ch c ri va khi thi tit thch hp v phi bo v chng ng bng trong t
nht 4 ngy. B mt phi c bo dng bng t m, thm t hoc cc lp bo
dng trong t nht 3 ngy sau khi ri va.
Phi b tr cc l thot nc qua lp bo v mi dc nh cho trong h s
hp ng hoc theo hng dn ca K s.

22.4.9 B tng ng bao
Cc bao phi y khong 0,028m
3
b tng, cha ch trn u gp li
v gi b tng trong khi t. Ngay sau khi nhi b tng, cc bao c t v gim chn
nh ln cho ph hp vi mt t v vi cc bao bn cnh.
Phi lm mt mng c b dy gp i bng hai lp u tin. Lp mng th nht
gm c mt hng hai bao t dc vi chiu di ca bao song song vi ng ng
mc ca mi dc ngang bng v k st nhau trong mt ho c sa sang gn gh.
Ho phi v tr nu trong h s hp ng, hoc theo ch dn ca K s, o theo
ng chiu su v chiu rng p ng vic t hai lp mng u tin v o li vo
trong mi dc mt on t chnh xc lp bao sau . Lp mng th hai gm
mt hng bao t ngang vi chiu di bao vung gc vi cc bao t dc v t trc
tip ln hng bao t dc. Cc hng cn li gm cc bao t dc v phi t vi cc
khe ni lch nhau.
Trc khi t lp sau, phi qut sch bn t v rc trn mt bao. Cc bao dc
phi t khng cho cc u gp li tip gip nhau. Cc bao ngang phi t vi u gp
loi quay vo mt t. Khng c t qu bn lp bao theo chiu thng ng trc
khi lp th nht bt u ng cng.
Khi b tng khng c t hoc lin kt ng cch do cc lp k tip nhau c
t qu chm tr, phi o mt ho nh sau cc hng bao v nhi b tng ti trc
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 9 -

khi t cc lp bao sau. C th cn n cc lp bao ngang ti bt k cao no to
thm n nh.
B tng ng bao xp nh vy phi bo dng bng mt thm t t hoc
phun bng tia nc nh 2 gi mt ln trong thi gian ban ngy trong 4 ngy.
Phi b tr cc l thot nc nh nu trong h s hp ng hoc theo ch
dn ca K s.

22.4.10 Lt mi dc bng b tng
22.4.10.1 Tng qut
Cng vic ny bao gm vic thi cng mi dc bng b tng xi mng portland
ti ch hoc c sn. Tu theo s la chn ca Nh thu, lt mi dc ti ch c th
thi cng hoc bng b tng xi mng portland hoc bng va phun bng kh nn. Khi
c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c K s cho php, cng vic ny cng
bao gm c cc bao tm dt nhi b tng xi mng portland ct liu nh.
22.4.10.2 Lt mi dc bng b tng ti ch
B tng phi trn v theo cc quy nh ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng v phi
ri v m nn cho ti khi b tng c hon ton m cht v va ni ln b mt.
Nu mi dc qu dc kh c th s dng b tng t m n khi va ni ln
mt th b tng c m cho ti khi c ln cht v hnh thnh mt b mt va dy
6mm th phi c mit bng bay ngay lp tc. Va phi gm mt phn xi mng
portland v ba phn ct liu nh. B mt va phi c xem nh mt phn ca b
tng v do khng thanh ton ring cho va.
Sau khi v cho ng cao , b tng phi xoa tay bng bn xoa g. Cc mp v
khe ni phi c lm mp vi dng c lm mp c bn knh 6mm trc khi tri. Ton
b b mt phi chi bng mt bn chi y c lng cu trc nh to ra mt b mt
ng u vi cc du vt bn chi song song vi mp khoang.
Va phun kh nn phi phun v hon thin theo cc quy nh trong Phn 24
Va phun bng kh nn
Cc khe co gin phi t theo chiu ngang cch nhau 6000mm. Cc khe co gin
theo chiu dc phi t ti cc v tr cho trong h s hp ng. Cc khe co gin phi
lp bng cht nhi khe co gin dy 12mm.
B tng ti ch v va phun bng kh nn phi c bo dng theo quy
nh trong Phn 8 Kt cu b tng v Phn 24 Va phun bng kh nn tng ng.
Phi b tr cc l thot nc qua mi dc lt mt nh cho trong h s hp
ng hoc theo hng dn ca K s.
Khi theo quy nh hoc c php trong h s hp ng, Nh thu c th s
dng cc r tm dt nhi y b tng xi mng portland ct liu nh bng cch bm vo
lm h thng bo v mi dc. Yu cu ca Nh thu v vic s dng mt h ring phi
bng vn bn km theo cc bn v thi cng v thng tin y v cc c trng vt
liu thi cng v tnh nng ca h thng kin ngh.
Nu c yu cu trong h s hp ng, phi lp bng vt liu lp thm nc nh
nu. Ti mi l thot nc v l ca rnh, phi 0,06m
3
vt liu lp thm nc
bc trong cc vi lc.
Khi hon thnh cng trnh, cc ho chn mng phi lp bng vt liu o ln v
khng yu cu ln cht.
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 10 -

22.4.10.3 Lt mi dc bng b tng c sn
Cc tm, cc khi hoc cc hnh khi b tng c sn khc phi t trn mt
nn ct m 75mm theo s cho trong h s hp ng. Cc khi v hnh khi b
tng khc phi m ln k lng ti ch to ra mt b mt bng phng ng u v
mt nn chc chn di mi khi v hnh khi.
Trong cc khu vc h s hp ng hoc K s yu cu cht mch va, cc khi
phi t thnh dy lin c chiu di chy song song vi mi dc v c cc khe ni
6mm. Sau khi t cc khi, trong cc khu vc phi cht va, phi ri va ct trn b
mt qut vo trong cc khe ni lp cc khe ny n khi cch b mt 100mm.
Cc khi phi ti t theo yu cu ca K s trc khi ri va. Cc khe ni phi lp
y va lng ti mt trn ca khi.
Sau khi hon thnh ri va v va cng, cc khi phi ti t, c
ph v bo dng bng cc lp thm bo dng hoc lp ph trong 7 ngy u sau
khi ri va. Khng c ri va trong thi tit bng gi.


22.5.1 Phng php o c
22.5.1.1 hc v thm lc
hc t th cng, hc t bng my, hc xy va, v ct liu thm lc
phi o theo mt vung, mt khi hoc kilogram nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Din tch phi l din tch thc t lm theo cc kch thc gii hn cho trong h s
hp ng, hoc cc kch thc c th c K s sa i, o theo b mt bn trn.
Nu o theo mt khi, th tch c tnh trn c s din tch o c v b dy quy
nh trong h s hp ng. Nu tnh theo kilogram, khi lng phi l s kilogram, o
ri, a vo cng rnh.
22.5.1.2 B tng ng bao
B tng ng bao c o theo mt khi b tng . Vic o c da trn
th tch my trn.
22.5.1.3 hc trong r thp
hc trong r thp c o theo s mt vung ca din tch b mt.
Lt mi dc bng b tng ti ch hoc phun va bng kh nn c o trn
c s mt vung hoc mt khi. Din tch l din tch thc t lt theo cc kch thc
gii hn cho trong h s hp ng, hoc cc kch thc c th c K s sa i,
o bn trn b mt nghing. Nu o theo mt khi, th tch uc tnh da trn din tch
o c v b dy cho trong h s hp ng. Khng n b thm cho b tng hoc
va phun bng kh nn ri thm do mng thp.
Cc tm, cc khi hoc cc hnh khi bng b tng c sn c t lt mi
dc c o theo mt vung tnh theo cc ng thanh ton cho trong h s hp
ng hoc theo ch dn ca K s.
22.5.1.6 Vi lc
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 11 -

Vi lc c o theo mt vung trn mt t, hon thnh ti ch, khng k cc
on chm.

22.5.2 Thanh ton
22.5.2.1 Tng qut
Vic thanh ton i vi vic bo v mi dc cc loi khc nhau theo cc n gi
b thu bao gm vic n b y cho mi nhn lc, vt liu, thit b hoc cc ph
ph khc i theo vic chun b lp mt nn (tr vic cung cp v ri vt liu thm lc v
tm lc ch sn), o v lp cc ho chn khi c yu cu, cung cp v ri , tm,
khi, khi hnh b tng, va lng, va xy, b tng xi mng portland, va phun bng
kh nn, ct thp, cht nhi khe co gin, nu c yu cu, v tt c cng vic khc v vt
liu ph cn thit hon thnh cng trnh theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
22.5.2.2 hc
hc lt th cng, hc lt bng my v hc xy va o theo iu
22.5.1.1 hc v thm lc c thanh ton theo gi b thu cho mt vung, cho
mt khi hoc theo kilogram nh nu trong h s hp ng.
22.5.2.3 B tng ng bao
B tng ng bao theo iu 22.5.1.2 B tng ng bao c thanh ton theo
gi b thu theo mt khi.
22.5.2.4 hc trong r thp
hc trong r thp theo iu 22.5.1.3 hc trong r thp c thanh ton
theo gi b thu cho mt vung. Gi ny bao gm cc r thp, ng kim lin kt, neo,
ct liu trong r, v mi vt liu khc, nhn lc, v thit b cn thit hon thnh cng
trnh theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Vic lt mi dc bng b tng ti ch hoc va phun bng kh nn o theo
iu 22.5.1.4 Lt mi dc bng b tng ti ch c thanh ton theo gi b thu
cho mt vung hoc mt khi nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Lt mi dc bng b tng c sn o theo iu 22.5.1.5 Lt mi dc bng b
tng c sn c thanh ton theo gi b thu cho mt vung. Gi ny bao gm c
ct m v c va lng hoc va xy xi mng portland, nu c quy nh trong h s
hp ng.
22.5.2.7 Thm lc
Thm lc hoc si lc o theo iu 22.5.1.1 hc v thm lc c thanh
ton theo gi b thu cho mt vung, cho mt khi hoc heo kilogram nh quy nh
trong h s hp ng.
22.5.2.8 Vi lc
Vi lc o theo iu 22.5.1.6 Vi lc c thanh ton theo gi b thu cho mt
vung.
22.5.2.9 H thot nc bng li hn hp vi lc
H thot nc ny c thanh ton trn c s gi hp ng trn gi. Gi trn
gi ny phi n b y cho vic cung cp tt c lao ng, vt liu, dng c, thit b
v ph ph, v cho mi cng vic lin quan n thi cng h thot nc hon thnh ti
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 12 -

ch bao gm c rnh thot nc, h thng thu gom v tho nc thot nh cho
trong h s hp ng v theo hng dn ca K s.
PHN 22: BO V MI DC 22 - 13 -

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 1998. AASHTO Guide Specifications for Highway Construction, GSH-8

th

AISC. 2003. LRFD Manual of Steel Construction, 3
rd
Edition, American Institute of Steel
Construction, Chicago, IL, Table 17-10, Wire and Sheet Metal Gages.

PHN 23: KIM LOI LINH TINH 23 - 1 -

PHN 23: KIM LOI LINH TINH
MC LC

23.1 M T
23.2 VT LIU..
23.3 CH TO................................................................................................
23.4 M KM..................................................................................................
23.5 O C..................................................................................................
23.6 THANH TON.........................................................................................
Ti liu vin dn ...
23-2
23-2
23-2
23-3
23-3
23-3
23-4


PHN 23
KIM LOI LINH TINH

23.1 M T

Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp v lp t cc hng mc kim loi trong kt
cu khng c quy nh ch khc.
Ch gii: Cng vic ny bao gm nhng khng ch gii hn trong cc hng mc
sau:
Bc thp khe co gin mt cu, v cc khe co gin kiu tm trt v kiu
rng ca.
Khung v np ca cng, ng thot nc, khung v cng cng, thang v
thanh thang, np ca vo v cc b ca vo.
Cc hng mc khc c xc nh r l kim loi linh tinh trong h s hp
ng.

23.2 VT LIU

Cc hng mc kim loi linh tinh phi c thi cng bng cc vt liu theo cc
Tiu chun AASHTO (hoc ASTM ).

Vt liu Tiu chun
Thanh thp, thp tm v thp
hnh
ASTM A 36A 36M Cp 36 (Cp 250)
Bulng v ai c ASTM A307
Bulng, ai c v vng m
cng cao
AASHTO M164 (AASHTO M 164M)
(ASTM A325) (ASTM A325M)
Vt c bng thp Theo iu 11.3.5 Thp c
Vt c bng st xm AASHTO M105 hoc ASTM
A48/A48M Loi 30
Tm l kim loi Cht lng thng mi

23.3 CH TO


Vic ch to cc hng mc kim loi linh tinh phi thc hin theo cng ngh trong
cc nh my hin i. Cc ra xm, cc mp cnh th v sc v cc vt rn nt khuyt
tt khc phi c ty b. Cc tm b on phi nn thng sau khi ch to v m km.

23.4 M KM

Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, tt c cc hng mc thp, khng
chn t nht 50mm trong b tng, v tt c cc np v khung ng ngi i c bng
st phi m km theo iu 11.3.2.4 Cc lin kt cng cao v 11.3.7 M km.
Cc b lin kt phi m sau khi ch to.

23.5 O C

Vic o c kim loi linh tinh phi theo khi lng. Khi K s yu cu, mi
chuyn giao hng phi km theo mt th trng lng do c cng cn c xc nhn.
Khng cn cn khi lng khi cc khi lng tnh ton cho trong h s hp ng,
trong trng hp khi lng ny c dng lm c s thanh ton.

23.6 THANH TON

Kim loi linh tinh c thanh ton theo n gi hp ng tnh cho kilogram. Vic
thanh ton nh vy phi n b y cho vic cung cp mi nhn lc, vt liu, dng
c, thit b v ph ph v cho mi cng vic lin quan n cung cp v lp t kim loi
linh tinh, hon thnh ti ch nh cho trong h s hp ng, theo quy nh trong Tiu
chun ny v theo ch dn ca K s.

Ti liu vin dn

Sampling and Testing, 24th Edition, HM-24, American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officails, Washington, DC.

PHN 24: VA PHUN BNG KH NN 24 - 1 -

PHN 24: VA PHUN BNG KH NN
MC LC

24.1 M T..
24.2 VT LIU.
24.2.1 Xi mng, ct liu, nc v ph gia..
24.2.2 Ct thp
24.2.3 Bulng neo hoc inh neo.
24.3 NH T L V TRN..
2.3.1 nh t l.
24.3.2 Trn...
24.4 CHUN B B MT
24.4.1 t.
24.4.2 Vn khun
24.4.3 B tng hoc ..
24.5 LP T..
24.5.1 t ct thp.
24.5.2 Phun va..
24.5.2.1 Cc gii hn v thi tit..
24.5.2.2 Bo v cng trnh ln cn..
24.5.3 Hon thin
24.5.4 Bo dng v bo v.
24.6 THANH TON.
Ti liu vin dn .....

24-2
24-2
24-2
24-2
24-2
24-3
24-3
24-3
24-3
24-3
24-3
24-3
24-4
24-4
24-4
24-5
24-5
24-5
24-6
24-6
24-7


PHN 24
VA PHUN BNG KH NN

24.1 M T

Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp v phun va bng kh nn cho vic thi
cng cc b phn ca kt cu, sa cha cc kt cu b tng, cu trc cc b mt b
tng, bc cc cu kin kt cu thp, lt cc rnh v mng, lt cc mi dc v cc
cng vic linh tinh khc, nh quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Cng vic ny cng bao gm vic chun b cc b mt tip nhn va, cung
cp v t ct thp v neo gia cng.
Va phun bng kh nn gm c ct liu nh trn kh v xi mng portland phun
bng kh nn vi thit b thch hp, nc c cho vo hn hp ny ngay trc khi
y ra khi vi phun, hoc va c trn bng c gii v phun bng kh nn qua mt
vi phun ln b mt chun b
Ch gii: Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004, khng c phn va phun bng
kh nn. Phi dng cc quy nh ca Tiu chun cu ng t ca AASHTO ln xut
bn th 17.

24.2 VT LIU

24.2.1 Xi mng, ct liu, nc v ph gia
Khi s dng, xi mng, ct liu, nc v ph gia phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Ct liu phi l ct liu nh, tr vic c ti 30% ct liu
th, ph hp vi AASHTO M43 (ASTM D448) i vi c No. 8 (9,5mm n 2,36mm)
hoc c No. 16 (9,5mm n 1,18mm), c th thay cho ct liu nh.
C th dng li ct liu b ri vi c thu nht li, nu cn sch v khng c vt
l, lm ct liu nh vi khi lng khng vt qu 20% tng s ct liu nh yu cu.

24.2.2 Ct thp

24.2.3 Bulng neo hoc inh neo
Cc inh neo s dng tm si thp hoc cc thanh ct thp khi phun va
ln b tng hin c hoc gm c cc bulng mc n ra c c ng knh ti
thiu 6mm t trong cc l khoan. Mi bulng phi chn su trong vt xy chc
chng li mt lc ko bng 670N.
Khi K s cho php, cc inh neo thp c ng knh khng nh hn 3mm v
chiu di ti thiu bng 50mm c th c s dng. Thit b dng ng cc inh

ny phi l loi s dng cht n lm lc ng, v phi c kh nng ng inh hoc
cht ti chiu su yu cu m khng lm h hng b tng xung quanh.

24.3 NH T L CP PHI V TRN

2.3.1 nh t l cp phi
Nh thu phi np cho K s bn tnh ton hn hp kin ngh c chp
thun trc khi bt u cng vic.
Tr khi c quy nh khc, vic tnh ton hn hp phi nh ra t l xi mng trn
ct liu, da trn th tch kh ri khng nh hn 1:3,5 i vi thi cng v sa cha kt
cu b tng v bc cu kin thp, hoc khng nh hn 1:5 i vi vic lt mng rnh
v lt mi dc.
Hm lng nc phi thp n mc thch hp v phi iu chnh hn
hp t dnh tt v kh khng b chy x xung hoc ri t cc b mt
thng ng hoc nghing hoc tch khi cng trnh nm ngang.

24.3.2 Trn
Vic trn c thc hin theo quy trnh trn kh hoc trn t. Trc khi c
vo trong thit b phun va, cc vt liu phi c trn k v ng u trong my
trn c thit k dng cho my kh nn. C th l my trn kiu c cnh khuy
hoc thng quay. C th dng thit b v phng php trn trong qu trnh vn chuyn
i vi quy trnh trn t.

24.4 CHUN B B MT

24.4.1 B mt t
Khi phun va ln t bng kh nn, din tch khu t phi c san chnh xc
theo cc kch thc nh quy nh trong h s hp ng v phi ln cht hon ho,
m to thnh mt mng vng chc v khng ht nc ca va, nhng khng
c c nc t do trn mt.
Khi cho trong h s hp ng, phi b tr cc khe ni, cc vn khun bn, cc
tm t ngang, cc di chn chn v chia . Phi dng dy cng trn t hoc dy
chun khi cn thit xc nh b dy, cc mt phng b mt v cc tuyn tim hon
thin.

24.4.2 B mt vn khun
Khi va c phun bn trong vn khun, vn khun phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca Phn 3 Cng trnh tm.

24.4.3 B mt b tng hoc
Khi va c phun trn b tng hoc , phi loi b cc vt liu b bin cht
hoc ri rc bng cch c o bng dng c kh nn hoc cm tay. Cc vai ng
vung vn hoc x rnh ngm c ct su khong 25mm dc chu vi din tch cn

sa cha. B mt phi thi ct nu cn lm sch g trn thp l ra v to ra mt b
mt sch s c cu trc nhm trn b tng hoc . B mt trn s ri va phi gi
cho t trong t nht mt gi v sau kh ti tnh trng kh b mt ngay trc khi
ri va.

24.5 LP T

24.5.1 t ct thp
Khi c yu cu, ct thp phi t theo ng cc yu cu ca Phn 9 Ct thp.
Ct thp trong cng trnh mi phi t theo quy nh trong h s hp ng v
buc chc chn m bo khng b x dch do tc ng ca va phun bng kh nn
trong khi phun.
Vi cng vic sa cha, ct thp c trn cc inh neo t trong vt xy
hin c tr khi K s cho rng ct thp hin c trong khu vc sa cha sa
cha. Neo phi t cch nhau tm vi tm khng qu 300mm, cc b mt trn trn
(nga); 450mm, tm ti tm, trn cc b mt thng ng v 900mm, tm ti tm cc
b mt nm ngang trn nh. t nht trong mi khu vc v ring bit phi dng ba neo.
K s phi c thng bo trc ngy bt u cng vic t neo. V tr cc cht
neo phi sao cho khng lm h hng thanh cng to ng sut trc hoc cc ng
ng nm trong b tng.
Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, i vi vic sa cha, tt c cc
din tch ming v m b dy va vt qu 38mm phi gia cng bng mt lp tm
li si thp hn 50x50-MW8xMW8 hoc 75x75-MW10xMW10. Vi cc khu vc m
b dy va vt qu 100mm, c mi chiu dy va 100mm ca ming v hoc mt
phn ca n li phi t mt lp tm li. Tt c cc tm li phi t song song vi
b mt d nh hon thin. Mi tm li phi c bc hon ton trong va khi bt
u ng cng trc khi t tm li k tip. Tm li c lin k vi b mt vt
xy c chun b khng c gn b mt ny qu 12mm. Tm li phi c un
trc cn thn trc khi lp t khp vi cc gc cnh v cc gc lm, v trong mi
trng hp khng c bt ny ti ch.
Tt c cc hng mc thp, k c neo, thanh ct thp hoc tm li si thp,
khng c nm cch mt va hon thin gn hn 25mm.
Ch gii: ngh tham kho Phn 1 S tay chi tit v tm li si thp hn kt cu ca
Vin si thp.

24.5.2 Phun va
Ch c dng ngi c kinh nghim v phi c chng c y l c kinh
nghim v vic ny khi K s yu cu.
Va c phun bng thit b nn kh nn s c phun vi tc cao vo b
mt chun b to ra mt khi va c ln cht ng u. My nn kh v tuyn
ng dn kh phi c kh nng v kch c thch hp to ra mt p lc ti thiu bng
0,24 MPa ti vi phun vi cc vi phun 25mm v ln hn theo t l vi cc vi phun
ln hn. Tc vt liu khi ra khi vi phun phi duy tr ng u vi tc c xc
nh i vi cc iu kin cng vic cho to ra mc va bt tr li ti thiu.

Nc c cho thm ti vi phun phi c p lc ng u ln hn p lc kh
nn ti vi phun khng di o,1 MPa.
Va c phun vi mc kh c th thc hin c phng nt do co ngt.
Phi dng cc di chn m bo cc gc mp c vung, tuyn thng v b mt
va phng, tr khi quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc c K s cho php lm
khc. Cc di ny phi t sao cho va bt tr li t nht. Cui mi ngy lm vic, hoc
cc thi k ngng vic tng t cn n mch ni thi cng, va phi vut dc thnh
mt mp mng. Trc khi phun mt on tip gip, phi lm sch mi ni thi cng v
lm t theo yu cu trong iu 24.4 Chun b b mt. Khi phun tt c cc b mt,
dng vt liu phun ra t vi phi p vo b mt c ph cng gn vung gc cng
tt, v vi phun phi gi cch b mt ph t 600 n 1200mm.
Cn phun s lp c b dy yu cu. Trn cc b mt thng ng v trn
u, b dy mi lp khng c ln hn 25mm tr khi c K s chp thun, phi
phun sao cho lp va khng b x xung hoc khng lm gim lin kt ca lp trc.
Khong thi gian gia cc lp k tip nhau trn cc b mt dc, thng ng hoc nh
ra phi va bt u kh nhng cha kt thc ng kt. Lc bt u ng kt, b
mt phi c lm sch loi b mng sa xi mng mng to ra dnh kt cho lp
sau.
Phi lm sch ct bn ra hoc ct ri tch li trn b mt ph trc khi ri lp
va u tin hoc cc lp k tip v khng c chng nm trong cng trnh.
Vt liu trn qu 45 pht v cha a vo cng tnh khng c s dng,
tr khi c K s cho php.
Sau khi bo dng v trc khi nghim thu cui cng, tt c cc khu vc sa
cha u phi lm tt. Tt c cc khu vc khng chc v nt n u phi loi b v
thay th.
24.5.2.1 Cc gii hn v thi tit
Khng c phun va bng kh nn trn mt b mt ng bng hoc khi nhit
xung quanh thp di 5
o
C, hoc khi d on nhit trong 24 gi ti s thp di
0
o
C.
Phi ngng vic phun va bng kh nn nu c gi ln cn tr vic phun va
hoc c ma c th lm tri va phun.
24.5.2.2 Bo v cng trnh ln cn
Trong khi cng vic tin trin, ni no dng v mt ngoi l quan trng, cc cng
trnh ln cn c th vnh vin mt mu, , hoc h hng khc do phun va qu phm
vi, bi hoc va bt vo, cc cng trnh ny phi c che chn cn thn, nu b
dnh va phi co, chi hoc ra sm, khi cc vt xung quanh cho php.

24.5.3 Hon thin
Sau khi va phun ti b dy mong mun, dng mt ci bay co ht cc ch
cao hoc gt ti mt phng ng nh xc nh bng cc di chn hoc ng theo
b mt vt xy trc y, hoc theo ch dn. Khi s dng cc tm gt phi t nh vo
cc b mt khng lm xo trn va rmt chiu su ng k, v chng c gt ra
theo chiu t di ln trn cc b mt thng ng. Tr khi c quy nh khc trong h
s hp ng, b mt va hon thin phi c mt lp va nhn bng khong 3mm.
Phi ch c bit t c mt dng v mt ngoi ng u trn tt c cc b
mt l ra.

24.5.4 Bo dng v bo v
Va phun bng kh nn phi bo dng bng nc theo cc yu cu ca iu
8.11.3.2 Phng php nc. Thi gian bo dng nc ti thiu l 96 gi. Va phi
bo v chng ng bng trong thi gian bo dng.

24.6 THANH TON

Khi lng va phun bng kh nn c o hoc theo mt vung, hoc theo
mt khi theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
o theo mt vung phi da trn vic o din tch b mt phun va c
nghim thu trong cng trnh, o theo mt phng hoc cong ca mi b mt. Vic o
mt khi c da trn cc kch thc ca cng vic ny cho trong h s hp ng
theo hng dn ca K s.
Va phun kh nn c thanh ton theo gi hp ng c quy nh. Vic
thanh ton ny c xem n b y cho chi ph cung cp tt c nhn lc, vt t
thit b, ph ph v cho mi cng vic lin quan n chun b b mt v phun va, t
ct thp, cht neo, cc thanh ngang, cc cht bt khe ni v cc hng mc khc quy
nh trong h s hp ng.

Ti liu vin dn

th
Edition, HB-17,

rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3

th

WRI. 2001. Structural Welded Wire Fabric Detailing Manual, Part I, WWR-500, Wire
Reinforcement Institute, Hartford, CT.

PHN 25: TM LT HM BNG B TNG V THP 25 - 1 -

PHN 25: TM LT HM BNG B TNG V THP
MC LC

25.1 PHM VI
25.2 M T
25.2.1..
25.3 VT LIU V CH TO.
25.3.1 Tng qut...
25.3.2 Ch to v t l cc tm lt bng thp...............................................
25.4 LP T
25.4.1 Tm lt bng thp.
25.4.2 Cc tm lt bng b tng c sn.......................................................
25.4.3 Phun va
25.5 O C.
25.6 THANH TON..
Ti liu vin dn ...

25-2
25-2
25-2
25-2
25-2
25-3
25-3
25-3
25-3
25-3
25-4
25-4
25-5


PHN 25
TM LT HM BNG B TNG V THP

25.1 PHM VI

Cc quy nh ny ni v vic lp t cc tm lt hm trong cc hm c thi
cng bng cc phng php o hm thng thng.
Ch gii: Theo mc ch ca cc quy nh ny, cc hm c o theo ton mt ct
hm, o l nh v bc thm hoc o theo nhiu l c xem l cc phng php
thng thng. Cc tm lt dng vi bt c phng php thi cng no c s dng khin
o ton b hoc mt phn, mt my o hm, hoc mt loi thit b khc c tc ng
mt lc ln cc tm lt vi mc ch y, li hoc n nh thit b c xem l cc
trng hp c bit v khng cp n trong cc quy nh ny.

25.2 M T

25.2.1
Cng vic ny gm c vic cung cp cc tm lt hm bng thp dp ngui hoc
tm b tng c sn ph hp vi cc quy nh ny v c c v kch thc yu cu
trong h s hp ng, lp t cc tm ny vo cc v tr c ch nh trong h s hp
ng hoc do K s, v theo cc tuyn v cao do K s xc lp. Lp lt hon thnh
phi gm mt lot cc tm lt ghp vi nhau theo cc khe ni t so le nhau.
Cc tm lt hm bng thp cn thuc loi c th mua c th trng. Cc
tm lt hm bng b tng c sn phi c kch thc v hnh dng ph hp vi
phng php v thit b c s dng lp t chng.

25.3 VT LIU V CH TO

25.3.1 Tng qut
Cc tm lt bng thp m t y phi p ng cc tnh cht mt ct v b
dy, din tch v mmen qun tnh cho trong h s hp ng. Nu khng cho trong h
s hp ng, cc tnh cht phi theo nh lit k trong iu 12.13.3 Tiu chun thit k
cu AASHTO LRFD.
Tt c cc tm thp phi lin kt bng bulng trn c hai ng ni dc v ni
chu vi v phi ch to sao c th lp dng hon ton t pha trong hm. C v tnh
cht bulng phi theo ng tiu chun ca nh sn xut nhng khng c nh hn
quy nh trong Iu 12.13.3.3 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Cc l va c ng knh 50mm hoc ln hn c b tr nh trong h s hp
ng cho php phun va trong khi vic lp dng cc tm lt hm tin trin.
Cc tm lt hm bng b tng c sn phi ph hp vi cc chi tit cho trong h
s hp ng v cc yu cu ca Phn 8 Kt cu b tng. Nu khng cho cc chi tit

ny trong h s hp ng, cho php Nh thu kin ngh vic s dng cc tm lt hm.
Nh thu phi np cc bn v thi cng K s chp thun. Cc bn v nh vy phi
m t cc vt liu s dng, kch thc tm, cc chi tit ct thp, cc chi tit lin kt v
cc phng php lp dng. Vic ch to cc tm lt hm bng b tng m Nh thu
ngh s dng khng c tin hnh khi cc bn v thi cng cha c chp thun.
Vic chp thun ny khng lm gim nh trch nhim ca Nh thu theo hp ng i
vi vic hon thnh tt p cng trnh.
Ch gii: Cc tm lt phi ch to va vi tit din ngang ca hm.
Cc yu cu i vi tm lt bng thp tham kho iu 12.13.3 An ton chng
h hng kt cu, kch thc bulng v c trng tiu chun tham kho iu 12.13.3.1
Cc c trng mt ct ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004.

25.3.2 Ch to v t l cc tm lt bng thp
Tt c cc tm lt u phi ch to c cc mt bch ni chu vi. Cc ng ni
dc c th c mt bch ni hoc ni kiu chng mp. Tt c cc tm phi t l bulng
trn c cc mi ni dc v ni chu vi. Khong cch bulng trn cc mt bch chu vi phi
theo khong cch tiu chun ca nh sn xut v phi l bi s ca chiu di tm
cho cc tm c cng cong c th i ln cho nhau v cho php t so le cc mi ni
dc. Khong cch bulng ti cc mi ni dc c mt bch phi theo khong cch tiu
chun ca nh sn xut. Vi cc ng ni chng mp, c v khong cch bulng
phi theo tiu chun ca nh sn xut nhng khng c nh hn yu cu i vi
cng mi ni dc quy nh trong iu 12.13.3.3 ca Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD.
Ch gii: Kch thc bulng v c trng tiu chun xem iu 12.13.3.1 Cc c
trng mt ct ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.

25.4 LP T

25.4.1 Tm lt bng thp
Tt c cc tm lt bng thp phi l mt loi i vi ton b chiu di ca mt
hm quy nh, c thi cng theo loi c mt bch ni hoc loi mi ni chng mp.
Cc tm lt phi lp rp theo cc hng dn ca nh sn xut.
Cc tm lt thp c lp ph phi thao tc theo cch no khng lm st
so, bong hoc rn nt lp ph. Bt c tm no b h hng trong khi thao tc hoc lp
t phi c Nh thu thay th bng chi ph ca mnh, tr cc khu vc nh b h
hng nh c th c Nh thu sa cha theo ch dn ca k s.

25.4.2 Cc tm lt bng b tng c sn
Vic lp t cc tm lt hm bng b tng c sn ch c bt u sau khi
nhn c s chp thun v cc bn v thi cng np theo yu cu ca iu 25.3.1
Tng qut.
Vic lp t phi ph hp vi cc phng php lp dng c quy nh hoc
chp thun.


25.4.3 Phun va
Khi c ch th ca K s, cc l hng gia tm lt v tng hm phi c phun
p va. Va phi phun p qua cc l va trong cc tm vi p lc lp kn hon
ton cc l hng. Vic n b y cho vic phun va lp kn ny c xem nh
k vo gi hp ng thanh ton cho hm v do khng c thanh ton ring.

25.5 O C

Chiu di lp lt hm c thanh ton l mt di o dc tm lt hm nga.

25.6 THANH TON
Vic thanh ton cho chiu di ca mi c hm c xc nh theo o c phi
theo n gi hp ng theo mt di b thu i vi cc c hm khc nhau, vic thanh
ton ny bao gm ton b vic n b cho vic cung cp mi nhn lc, vt liu, dng
c, thit b v ph ph hon thnh hng mc ny, k c vic phun va cc l hng.

Ti liu vin dn

rd
Edition, LRFDUS-3
or LRFDSI-3, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officails,
PHN 26: CNG KIM LOI 26 - 1 -

PHN 26: CNG KIM LOI
MC LC

26.1 TNG QUT ..
26.1.1 M t.
26.2 BN V THI CNG ..
26.3 VT LIU.
26.3.1 ng kim loi gn sng (CMP) .
26.3.2 Tm kt cu.
26.3.3 ai c v bulng.
26.3.4 Dng ln cc vt liu..
26.3.5 Ch to.
26.3.6 Hn
26.3.7 Lp bo v...
26.3.8 Vt liu lt mng v lp..
26.3.8.1 Tng qut..
26.3.8.2 Cng nhp ln...
26.3.8.3 Cng hp..
26.4 LP RP.
26.4.1 Tng qut.
26.4.2 Cc mi ni..
26.4.2.1 Cc mi ni hin trng.
26.4.2.2 Cc loi mi ni
26.4.2.3 Cc trng thi t
26.4.2.4 Tnh cht mi ni.
26.4.3 Lp rp cc kt cu khu ln..
26.5 LP T..
26.5.1 Tng qut.
26.5.2 Mng.
26.5.3 Lt mng..
26.5.4 Lp t..
26.5.4.1 Tng qut..
26.5.4.2 Vm
26.5.4.3 Kt cu khu ln ...
26.5.4.4 Cng hp..
26-3
26-3
26-3
26-3
26-3
26-3
26-4
26-4
26-4
26-4
26-4
26-4
26-5
26-5
26-5
26-5
26-5
26-6
26-6
26-6
26-6
26-6
26-8
26-9
26-9
26-9
26-12
26-12
26-12
26-13
26-14
26-14

26.5.5 Ging chng.
26.5.6 Kt cu phn di ca vm v tng u.
26.5.7 Cc yu cu kim tra i vi CMP*.
26.5.7.1 Kim tra bng mt...
26.5.7.2 vng lp t
26.6 PHNG NGA TRONG THI CNG..
26.7 O C...
26.8 THANH TON.
Ti liu vin dn .....
26-15
26-15
26-15
26-15
26-16
26-18
26-19
26-19
26-20


PHN 26
CNG KIM LOI

26.1 TNG QUT

26.1.1 M t
Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp, ch to, lp t v kim tra cc ng kim
loi, ng bng tm kim loi kt cu, vm, vm ng v kt cu hp ph hp vi Tiu
chun ny, v cc quy nh cho trong h s hp ng. Nh c dng trong Tiu
chun ny, cc kt cu khu ln l cc ng bng tm kim loi hnh elip ngang, hnh
qu l ngc v vm c bn knh thay i, v cc cng c hnh dng c bit c xc
nh trong Phn 12 ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Ghi ch: Cc t ng kim loi v ng bng tm kim loi kt cu bao gm c hai dng
trn v elip. Cc vm bng tm kim loi kt cu gm c mt vm bng tm kim loi
c trn cc gi bng b tng ct thp chn vm c v khng c tm bn lt
ln ngc (vm ngc). Cc vm ng c lm bng thp tm to thnh mt ng
c nh dng vm v mt y vm ngc tng i bng phng. Kt cu hnh hp
bng tm kim loi kt cu l cc ng dn, c mt ct ngang ch nht, c lm bng
thp tm.
M t v cng kim loi tham kho Phn 12 Kt cu vi v o hm trong Tiu

26.2 BN V THI CNG

Khi c quy nh hoc yu cu ca K s, Nh thu phi cung cp cc hng
dn lp rp ca nh sn xut hoc cc bn v thi cng vi cc tnh ton chng minh
vi chi tit cho php xem xt v kt cu. Phi trnh bn v thi cng xem xt,
sa cha v chp thun m khng lm chm tr cng vic.
Nh thu khng c bt u thi cng bt c mt cng kim loi no c yu
cu np cc bn v thi cng trc khi cc bn v c K s chp thun. Vic
chp thun khng lm gim nh cho Nh thu v trch nhim i vi cc kt qu t
c do vic s dng cc bn v ny hoc v cc trch nhim khc trong hp ng.

26.3 VT LIU

26.3.1 ng kim loi gn sng (CMP)
ng thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M36 (ASTM A 760/A
760M).
ng nhm phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M196 (ASTM B 745/B
745M).

26.3.2 Tm kt cu

Tm thp kt cu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M 167M/M 167
(ASTM A 761/A 761M).
Tm hp kim nhm kt cu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M219
(ASTM B 746/B 746M).

26.3.3 ai c v bulng
Cc ai c v bulng dng cho ng bng tm kim loi kt cu vm, vm ng, v
kt cu hp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M167M/M 167 (ASTM A 761/A
761M). Cc ai c v bulng dng cho tm kt cu bng nhm phi l nhm ph hp
vi cc Tiu chun ASTM F468 (ASTM F 468M) hoc thp cng tiu chun ph
hp vi ASTM A307.

26.3.4 Dng ln cc vt liu
Vt liu nhm v thp khng c dng ln vi nhau trong bt k mt cng trnh
lp t no, tr khi cc vt liu c cch ly y hoc c bo v chng cc phn
ng m in. Bulng v ai c bng thp m nhng nng v thp khng g c th chp
nhn lm lin kt cc tm kt cu nhm.

26.3.5 Ch to
Ti cc ng ni chu vi v ni dc, cc tm phi lin kt bng bulng vi cc
ng ni so le nhau khng c qu ba tm cng tp trung vo mt im.
26.3.6 Hn
Nu cn, vic hn thp phi ph hp vi Quy tc hn cu hin hnh ca
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5. Tt c cc ch hn ca cc tm thp, ngoi cc g lp,
phi tin hnh trc khi m.
Nu cn vic hn nhm phi ph hp vi Quy tc hn kt cu nhm ANSI/AWS
D1.2/D1.2M.

26.3.7 Lp bo v
Khi c yu cu trong h s hp ng, cc ng kim loi v cc cng bng tm kt
cu phi c bo v bng lp bitum hoc c phn vm ngc c lt bng vt liu
bitum. Cc lp bitum phi tin hnh theo nh quy nh trong AASHTO M190, Loi A,
tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng. Nu c yu cu, cc lp mt bitum phi
ri trn cc lp o bitum ti phn y pha trong ng nh quy nh trong AASHTO
M190, Loi C, tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng. Phn cc ai c v
bulng dng lp rp cc ng bng tm kt cu, vm, vm ng v cng hp c lp
ph thi ra bn ngoi ng, phi c ph lp bitum sau khi lp rp. Phn cc ai c v
bulng thi ra bn trong ng khng cn ph.
Cc lp ph polymer khi c yu cu trong h s hp ng phi ph hp vi cc
yu cu ca AASHTO M246 (ASTM A 742/A 742M). Lp ph polymer phi ph ln tm
thp m trc khi un sng, tr khi c quy nh khc trong h s hp ng, b dy
khng c nh hn 0,23mm. Bt k l cht, ch r, vt nt hoc thiu dnh kt no
u l nguyn nhn loi b. Khng c php lm lp ph polymer trn cc tm
thp kt cu.
26.3.8 Vt liu lt mng v lp

26.3.8.1 Tng qut
t lt mng (trn mng) phi l vt liu ri t nhin hoc ht ti a khng qu
mt na chiu cao gn sng. t lp cng kim loi phi l vt liu ht nh quy nh
trong h s hp ng v tiu chun, phi khng c vt hu c, c kch thc ln
nht khng qu 75mm, khng c cc bng v m phi trong gii hn yu cu khi lu
ln. Ti thiu vt liu lp phi tho mn yu cu ca AASHTO 145 cho A-1, A-2 hoc
A-3.
26.3.8.2 Cng nhp ln
Vt liu lt mng v lp phi tho mn cc yu cu chung trong iu 26.3.8.1.
Vt liu lp cc cng c chiu dy t lp nh hn 3600mm t nht phi tho mn cc
yu cu ca AASHTO M145 cho A-1, A-2-4, A-2-5 hoc A-3.
Vt liu lp cc cng c chiu dy t lp bng hoc ln hn 3600mm t nht
phi tho mn cc yu cu ca AASHTO M145 cho A-1 hoc A-3.
26.3.8.3 Cng hp
Vt liu lt mng v lp phi tho mn cc yu cu chung trong iu 26.3.8.1.
Vt liu lp t nht phi tho mn cc yu cu ca AASHTO M145 cho A-1, A-2-4, A-2-
5 hoc A-3.

26.4 LP RP

26.4.1 Tng qut
ng kim loi gn sng v ng bng tm kt cu phi lp rp theo hng dn
ca nh sn xut. Tt c cc ng phi c d xung v cu kh cn thn. cc ng
hoc tm khng c ln hoc ko trn si hoc v phi phng nga khng c
va vo hoc cc vt rn khc trong khi t vo ho hoc trn lp lt mng.
ng kim loi gn sng phi t trn lp lt mng bt u t h lu. ng c
ng ni chu vi phi t vi ng chm ca tm chu vi hng v h lu.
ng ph bitum, ng ph polymer v ng c phn nn lm xy phi t theo cch
tng t vi ng kim loi gn sng vi s ch c bit khi bc d trnh lm h
hng lp ph. ng c loi nn lm xy phi t theo cch sao cho mt lm t ng
gia y ng.
Cng tm kt cu v ng phi c lp rp v t theo quy nh trong h s
hp ng v cc hng dn lp dng chi tit. Cc bn sao v cc hng dn lp rp
ca nh sn xut phi cung cp nh quy nh trong iu 26.2. Cc ng ni dc bt
bulng phi khp ng vi cc tm chm ln nhau v song song vi nhau. Mmen
xon tc ng vo bulng i vi cc bulng thp cng cao ng knh M20
(ASTM A449) lp rp cc tm thp kt cu phi ti thiu bng 135000N.mm v ti
a bng 407.000N.mm. Tm nhm kt cu phi c lp rp bng cc bulng nhm
(ASTM F468) (ASTM F468M) ng knh M20 hoc bulng thp cng Tiu chun
ASTM A 307, cc bulng ny phi c vn bng mt mmen xon ti thiu bng
135.000 N.mm v ti a bng 203.000 N.mm.
Ch gii: Khng yu cu v mt kt cu c mmen xon d; yu t quan trng l mi
ni khp nhau.
Khi dng bng bt ni hoc ph atphan xng, cc bulng phi xit li khng
qu mt ln, thng trong vng 24 gi sau ln xit ban u.

26.4.2 Cc mi ni
Cc mi ni i vi cng kim loi gn sng v ng thot nc phi p ng cc
yu cu sau y v tnh nng.
26.4.2.1 Cc mi ni hin trng
Cc mi ni ngang ti hin trng phi c thit k th no cc lin kt k
tip cc on ng to thnh mt tuyn lin tc khng c cc ch khng bng phng
qu ng theo tuyn dng chy. Ngoi ra, cc mi ni phi p ng cc yu cu chung
v tnh nng m t trong cc iu 26.4.2.1 n 26.4.2.4.
Ch gii: Cc mi ni ngang ti hin trng ph hp vi cc yu cu i vi mt hoc
nhiu loi tnh nng mi ni c xc nh sau, c th thc hin c vi cc loi ai
lin kt di y cng vi cc b lin kt vnh mt ph hp:
ai c gn sng
ai c mu li
ai dt
ai thit k c bit lin kt cc u mt ng gn sng c sa i ti
nh my.
Cc loi mi ni ti hin trng khc c hiu qu tng ng c th s
dng vi s chp thun ca K s.

26.4.2.2 Cc loi mi ni
H s hp ng cn quy nh loi mi ni Tiu chun hoc loi mi ni c
bit ph hp vi cc yu cu c trong tay.
Ch gii:
Cc mi ni Tiu chun dng cho ng khng chu cc chuyn ng ln ca t
hoc cc lc lm t mi ni; cc mi ni ny tho mn cho cc loi lp t thng
thng, ti y thng dng cc mi ni loi trt n gin. Cc mi ni c bit
c dng i vi cc yu cu bt li hn, nh cn chu ng cc chuyn ng ca t
hoc chng li cc lc lm tut mi ni. V d v nhng iu kin dn n cc yu cu
nghim khc hn bao gm cc iu kin nn mng xu hoc cc iu kin sinh ra cc
lc dc thu lc i hi cc mi ni thot nc xui nh cc ng ng dc hoc cong
ngot.
26.4.2.3 Cc trng thi t
Cn n cc mi ni c bit khi gp cc trng thi t xu.
Ch gii:
Mt v d v trng thi t xu l khi t lp hoc t mng c c trng bi
cc vng t yu ln hoc c l rng. Nu khng th trnh khi thi cng trong t ny,
ch c th chm chc vi chiu cao p tng i thp, v ng phi bc qua cc ch
t yu v chu cc ti trng p t ln.
26.4.2.4 Tnh cht mi ni
Cc yu cu i vi tnh cht mi ni phi ly theo quy nh trong Bng 1. Cc
gi tr i vi cc loi ng khc nhau c th xc nh bng mt phn tch hp l hoc
mt th nghim ph hp.

Phi xem xt cc vn thit k sau y trong thit k hoc la chn mi ni
ng.
on ph chm trn mi ni Cc mi ni tiu chun khng p ng cng
mmen la chn phi c mt b rng ti thiu mng sng ph trn cc
ng gip u nhau. Tng b rng ti thiu ca mng sng phi nh cho
trong Bng 26.4.2.4-1. Bt k mi ni no p ng cc yu cu i vi mi
ni c bit c th s dng thay cho mi ni tiu chun.
kn t Khng c khe h no c vt qu 25mm. Ngoi ra, i vi
tt c cc loi, nu c khe h vt qu 3mm, chiu di ca mng phi t
nht gp 4 ln kch thc khe h. Hn na vi t b xi hoc khng xi t l
ca c t D85 vi c khe h phi ln hn 0,3 i vi ct t trung bnh ti
nh v 0,2 i vi ct ng u; khng cn p ng t l ny i vi t lp
dnh c ch s do vt 12%. Mt cch khc, nu mt mi ni chng t kh
nng c th chu c th nghim thu tnh 0,014 MPa m khng b r, mi
ni c xem l kn t. Cc mi ni khng tho mn cc yu cu ny c th
lm cho kn t bng ph vi a k thut ph hp.
kn nc Cc u ng tip gip nhau ti bt k mi ni no khng c
bin ng qu 13mm v ng knh hoc qu 38mm v chu vi i vi cc
khe ni kn nc.

Ch gii:
Cng chng ct v chng un ca mi ni trong Bng 26.4.2.4-1 c biu
th theo s phn trm ca cng tng ng ca ng trn tit din ngang nm xa mi
ni.
Cng ko yu cu trong mi ni khi c kh nng tn ti mt ti trng dc c
th pht trin vi xu hng tch cc on ng tip gip.
kn t l ni n cc khe h trong mi ni m t c th lt qua. kn t
chu nh hng ca kch thc khe h (kch thc ti a vung gc vi phng m t
c th lt qua) v chiu di ca mng (chiu di ca tuyn theo t c th lt qua).
Mt hng dn chung l vt liu lp c cha mt t l phn trm cao cc t ht
nh yu cu phi nghin cu loi mi ni ring s dng chng vic t lt qua.
t lp khng chu tc ng bm gi l t khng xi. Loi t lp ny thng
gm t dng ht (vi c ht tng ng ht th v si nh hoc ln hn) v t
dnh.
t lp chu tc ng bm v c xu hng lt vo trong ng hoc b ra d dng
ra ngoi do nc trong ng gi l t b xi. Loi t ny thng bao gm ct mn v
bn.
kn nc c th c quy nh i vi mi ni bt k loi no khi cn tho
mn tiu ch khc. Mc r c o vi ng t ti ch hoc ti c s th nghim
c chp thun. Cc dung sai ny c th t c bng cch kim tra ng n vic
sn xut hoc bng cch nh du khp nhau gia cc u ng.

Bng 26.4.2.4-1 Cc loi mi ni ng


iu kin t
Khng xi mn Xi mn
Loi mi ni Loi mi ni
Tnh cht mi ni Tiu chun c bit Tiu chun c bit Loi thot
nc
Sc khng ct 2% 5% 2% 5% 2%
Sc khng mmen 5% 15% 5% 15% 15%
Cng ko, ng
knh 0-1070mm
0 22.200N - 22.200N 22.200N
Cng ko, ng
knh 1200-2100mm
- 44.400N - 44.400N 44.400N
on chm mi ni
(ti thiu) mm
265 NA 265 NA NA
kn t NA NA 0,3 hoc 0,2 0,3 hoc 0,2 0,3 hoc 0,2
kn nc Xem ch gii
iu 26.4.2.4

NA Khng c s liu

26.4.3 Lp rp cc kt cu khu ln
Tr vic gi hnh dng bng cp; thanh chng hoc lp t, cc ng ni dc
phi xit cht khi treo cc tm. Phi ch xp thng hng cc tm m bo mi ni
kht trc khi xit bulng. Bin ng v kch thc kt cu trc khi lp t phi
ph hp vi cc quy nh sau:
i vi dng elp nm ngang c t l bn knh nh v cnh nh hn
hoc bng 3, khu v ng tn khng c sai khc vi kch thc quy
nh qu 2%.
i vi dng vm c t l bn knh nh v cnh ln hn hoc bng 3,
ng tn khng c sai khc vi kch thc quy nh qu 1% khu .
i vi cc kt cu nhp ln khc, khu v ng tn khng c sai
khc so vi kch thc quy nh qu 2% hoc 125mm, ly s nh hn.
Cc sn tng cng, khi c yu cu bi thit k kt cu, phi c lin kt vo
nh cc gn sng ca tm kt cu vi khong cch bulng khng qu 300mm. Phi
vit cc s hoc ch nhn dng d c trn mi sn ch r v tr chnh xc ca
chng trong kt cu cui cng.
Cc sn tng cng khi ch cn xt nh mt bin php gi c ng hnh
dng kt cu trong khi lp dng, phi t vi khong cch v lin kt vo cc tm gn
sng theo ca nh sn xut vi s chp thun ca K s.
Ch gii: Kt cu khu ln c th yu cu khc bit so vi k thut thng thng tt
i vi vic lp rp bulng lng. Trnh t lp dng quy nh y c th i hi chng
tm thi.

26.5 LP T

26.5.1 Tng qut
Vi iu kin o ho, phi o ho theo chiu rng, chiu su v cao cho
trong h s hp ng.
Vic chun b ng n nn t, t nn ch c yu cu v vic lp lt
mng phi lm trc vic lp t mi ng cng. Vic ny bao gm vic san bng cn
thit y ho nguyn th hoc mt trn ca t nn cng nh vic ri v lu ln t nn
theo mt dc u ton b chiu di ng c trn mt nn ng u. t
phi xung quanh ng sao cho p ng c cc yu cu quy nh.
Vt liu dng ci thin mng, lt mng v lp kt cu phi c c ht tng
thch vi t lin k trnh di chuyn. ni c ht khng khng ch tt, t lin k
phi c cch ly bng vi a k thut.
Tt c cc ng phi c bo v bng lp ph y trc khi cho php thit
b thi cng nng i ln trn ng trong khi thi cng.

26.5.2 Mng
Phi kho st mng di ng cng v t lp cng v sc chu ti tho ng.
Mng phi lm sao cho t lp bn trn khng ln nhiu hn ng cng trnh ti
trng ko xung trn ng cng.
Mng phi cung cp b ng u cho phn vm ngc ca ng. tng,
hoc cc vng t yu trong mng phi c o n su thch hp v lp bng
t c m ln cung cp b ng u nh cho trong Hnh 26.5.2-1

o ho
Nn p
t
ti
ch
Mng (iu 26.5.2)
Lt nn (iu 26.5.3)
t lp kt cu ti thiu
trn cng
t lp kt
cu (iu
26.5.4)
p nn

Hnh 26.5.2-1 Thut ng lp t ng cng


ni mng thin nhin c K s nh gi l khng ng cng hoc
t lp kt cu, phi o n su thch hp v lp bng t c m ln
khng ch ln nh cho trong Hnh 26.5.2-2 v 3.

D
d
t lp c
m ln
Lt nn
t c th nn
MNG TRN T YU CUC B
MNG TRN
Ct ri hoc
t m nh
d
D
d
Ghi ch:
d = 0,04 chiu cao t lp trn cng, ti a l 610 mm

Hnh 26.5.2-2 : X l mng i vi vng t yu cc b hoc

Lt nn
t yu
ti ch
o t yu thay bng
vt liu ht m ln
i vi vm ng, o di ng v
thay bng vt liu ht ti su cn
thit c nn vng chc t ng
D
W
W = D i vi cng trn
W = chiu rng vm phng ca vm ng

Hnh 26.5.2-3 : X l mng khng ch ln


Khi vm ngc c bn knh tng i ln k bn cc gc hoc cnh ca mt
ct c bn knh nh nh vm ng, ng elip hoc cng chui, mng phi thit k
p lc hng tm tc ng bi cc phn bn knh nh ca ng. Phi cung cp chng
mng chnh trong vng m rng ra pha ngoi hng tm t vng c bn knh nh.
ni ln ca ng d kin n mc dc yu cu di nn p cao khng
duy tr c, ng phi lm vng phng b vng qu mc. Phi xc nh mc
vng da trn vic xem xt dng chy, dc, chiu cao p, tnh cht chu nn ca
t mng v chiu su ca lp t khng nn c.
Ch gii:
p lc ny c th gp t hai n nm ln p lc ti trng trn nh ng, ph
thuc vo hnh dng ng.
Khi gii php hiu chnh l cn thit, vic cung cp chng t hn di phn
vm ngc cho php ng duy tr c hnh dng do ch c ln nh xy ra nh cho
trong Hnh C 26.5.2-1
t ht nh to hnh dng ng -
vm trn thm lt nn bng vt liu
ht c to hnh bng khun
Dng t lp kt cu c lu ln chng gc

Hnh C26.5.2-1 : X l mng chu p lc ca gc v bn cnh.

Dng vng di nn p cao cho trong Hnh C 26.5.2-2
C
L
t p
Cng vng
vng
dc cui cng ca ng sau ln
dc dc thit k ca ng

Hnh C 26.5.2-2: vng ng khng ch ln di nn p cao

26.5.3 Lt mng
Khi theo kin ca K s, t thin nhin khng cung cp c nn thch hp,
phi lm mt thm lt dy t nht bng 2 ln chiu cao gn sng.
Cc dng ng vm, hnh elip ngang v cng chui c nhp vt qu 3600mm phi
c t trn nn c to hnh. Phn nn c to hnh cn nh tm di ng v
cn c b rng ti thiu bng khu i vi dng vm ng v cng chui, bng 1/3
khu i vi dng elip ngang. To hnh trc c th l hnh V n gin dc ln
mt t nh trong Hnh C26.5.3-1

W
y vm ng
W = 1/2 khu i vi vm ng v cng chui
W = 1/3 khu i vi elip ngang

Hnh C26.5.3-1: To hnh nn cho cc kt cu vm ng ln, elip ngang v cng
chui.

Ch gii: Lt mng ng l mt lp tng i mng bng vt liu lp ri lt nm cho vm
ngc ca ng v cho php gn sng t vo hoc ta ln, v th m cc gn sng.

26.5.4 Lp t
26.5.4.1 Tng qut
Cn kim tra v th nghim y chc chn rng cht lng t v lc lu
ln t c l theo ng quy nh.
Vic lp t phi p ng cc yu cu ca iu 26.3.8 v phi thnh lp ri
nm ngang ng u dy khng qu 200mm v lu ln ti ti thiu 90% cht tiu
chun theo AASHTO T99. Thit b dng lu ln t lp trong phm vi 900mm cnh
ng hoc mp ca mng vm v cng hp phi c K s chp thun trc khi
dng. Tr nh quy nh i y cho kt cu khu ln, thit b dng lu ln t
lp ngoi phm vi ny c th l cng mt loi nh dng lu ln nn ng p.
t lp phi v lu ln cn thn di cc hng ng v phi p ln ngang
bng c hai bn ng bng thao tc lp t bn ny sang bn kia. t lp chnh gia
bn ny vi bn kia khng vt qu 600mm hoc 1/3 ng tn kt cu, ly s nh
hn. Phi tip tc lp t ti trn nh ton chiu di ng khng t hn 300mm. t lp

bn trn cao ny c th l t lp nn ng. B rng ho phi gi b rng ti
thiu theo yu cu cho vic t ng, ri nn ng v lp bn y vi iu kin lm
vic an ton. Khng c php to thnh vng hoc xi phun t lp tr khi K s cho
php bng vn bn.
Ni lp t kt cu mt hoc nhiu ca cho vi nn ng phi chng ng
y . Chng c th t c bng tng u b tng ct thp hoc lm vnh
nn p chng cn bng cn thit hai bn. Hnh 26.5.4.1-1 cho hng dn v
cch lm vnh nn t.

d = (ng tn + lp ph)
Cng n
Cng n = 1/2 (ng tn + lp ph)
CNG ON
CNG NHU CUA
Cng nhiu ca d' = 1/2 (ng tn + lp ph)
Cng nhiu ca

Hnh 26.5.4.1-1 : X l u cng cho mm

Ch gii: Kim tra cht lng l cc k quan trong v cht lng thi cng ti hin
trng nh hng v cng ln n tnh ton vn kt cu ca ng thp gn sng.
26.5.4.2 Vm
Vm c th i hi vic khng ch hnh dng c bit trong khi lp v lu ln t
lp kt cu.
Trc khi thi cng Nh ch to phi ch tm vo mt hi ngh tin thi cng
khuyn co Nh thu v K s v nhng nhim v then cht cn c thc hin trong
khi lp t v gii thiu cc bc khng ch cht lng d kin c dng khng
ch ti trng, hnh dng v cc chuyn dch.


Ch gii:
Cc lin kt cht mng hn ch thay i hnh dng ng u. Cc vm c
th dng ngc ln qu mc hoc lm bng cong cc phn t pha trn khi lp
t. Vic dng thit b lu ln nh s d lu t lp hn hoc cht ti ln nh vm bng
cch lp mt lng nh ti trng t lp s gip cho vic lp t.
26.5.4.3 Kt cu khu ln
Trc khi thi cng, Nh ch to phi ch tm vo mt hi ngh tin thi cng
khuyn co Nh thu v K s v nhng nhim v then cht cn c thc hin trong
khi lp t v gii thiu cc bc khng ch cht lng d kin c dng khng
ch ti trng, hnh dng v cc chuyn dch.
Thit b v cc trnh t thi cng lp kt cu khu ln bng cc tm kt cu
phi l loi khng xy ra bin dng kt cu qu ln. Hnh dng kt cu phi c
kim tra u n trong khi lp kim tra kh nng c th chp nhn phng php thi
cng c dng. ln ca cc thay i hnh dng cho php phi c nh Ch to
quy nh (Nh ch to kt cu khu ln). Nh ch to phi b tr mt gim st vin
kim tra hnh dng c nng lc gip K s trong khi lp ton b t lp kt cu ti
cao ph vt trn kt cu. Gim st vin khng ch hnh dng kt cu phi t vn
cho k s thi cng v kh nng nghim thu t lp v phng php s dng cng nh
vic khng ch ng n hnh dng. Phi t lp kt cu thnh cc lp ri nm
ngang ng u khng vt qu 200mm v phi lp ng u c hai bn kt cu. Mi
lp phi lu ln ti t trng khng nh hn 90% t trng sa i theo AASHTO T180.
t lp kt cu phi thi cng theo cc tuyn v cao ti thiu cho trong h s hp
ng, gi mc ny hoc thp hn cao t k bn hoc nn t. Cc ngoi l di
y v t trng t lp kt cu yu cu l c php:
vng t di vm ngc ca ng,
chiu rng 300mm n 450mm ca t lin k ngay cc tm bn bn knh
ln ca dng vm c mt ct cao v dng qu l ngc, v
phn bn di ca lp nm ngang u tin ca lp ph trn trn c lm
trc v di xe bnh xch nh vt qua kt cu ln u.

Ch gii:
Cc i hi v t lp i vi cc cng bn kt cu nhp ln cng tng t nh
i vi cc cng nh hn. Kch thc v mm ca n i hi khng ch c bit t
lp v kim tra lin tc v hnh dng kt cu.
26.5.4.4 Cng hp
Hi ngh tin thi cng v lp t ch cn khi c quy nh trong h s hp ng
hoc K s yu cu. Cc xem xt khng ch hnh dng ging nh i vi cng kim
loi.
t lp kt cu phi thnh cc lp ri, nm ngang v ng u khng qu
200mm v lu ln ti t trng khng nh hn 90% t trng sa i theo AASHTO T180.
t lp kt cu phi thi cng theo cc tuyn v cao ti thiu cho trong h s hp
ng, gi mc ny hoc thp hn cao t lin k hoc nn p.
Ch gii: Cng hp kim loi khng phi l kt cu nhp ln v chng l cc khung na
cng nn tng i cng.


26.5.5 Ging chng
Khi c yu cu, phi lp ging chng tm v gi ti ch bo v cng nhn v
duy tr hnh dng kt cu trong thi cng. i vi kt cu khu ln cn ging hoc
cng cp chng tm duy tr hnh dng kt cu, khng c tho ging chng
ny cho ti khi lp t ti cao c c chng cn thit. Khng c tho cc
ging bn trong cho ti khi lp n nh ng hoc nh phn vm cong ca kt cu
khu ln.

26.5.6 Kt cu phn di ca vm v tng u
Kt cu phn di v tng u phi thit k ph hp vi cc yu cu p dng
c ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD, 2004.
Cc u ca vm kim loi gn sng phi nm trong mt rnh to ra trong mt
mng b tng lin tc hoc phi t trn mt b mt ta bng kim loi, thng l
thp gc hoc thp ch U, thp ny c neo chc chn hoc chn vo trong b
tng.
Khi c quy nh, gi kim loi c th l thp gc hoc ch U m cn nng hoc
dp ngui, hoc nhm gc hoc ch U p n. Cc loi hnh ny c b dy khng
c nh hn 5mm v phi neo chc chn vo mng vi khong cch ti a l
600mm. Khi cu kin gi kim loi khng chn hon ton trong rnh ca mng, cnh
ng ca n phi t l c th bt bulng u cc tm gn sng vo cc cnh
ng ca cu kin ny.
Khi b tr tm vm ngc khng lin khi vi mng, tm vm ngc ny phi
c ct thp lin tc.

26.5.7 Cc yu cu kim tra i vi ng kim loi gn sng (CMP*)
(Corrugated Metal Pipe).
26.5.7.1 Kim tra bng mt
Phi kim tra CMP sau khi t vo ho theo yu cu trong khi lp t v sau khi
hon thnh vic lp t m bo iu kin lp t cui cng cho php ng lm vic
nh thit k.
Vic lm nn v lp t cng nh l v lu ln t phi c xc nh tho
mn cc yu cu ca phn ny.
Trong giai on u ca qu trnh lp t, vic kim tra phi tp trung vo vic
pht hin thi quen khng ng v cng nhn tay ngh km. Cc sai lm v tuyn t
v dc cng nh lp rp sai hoc k thut lp phi c sa i trc khi t
lp ng k hoc lp ho. Cc ai ghp ni phi nh s ng n gn sng v kn
kht, cc mi ni bng ng loe (m dng) phi c ta chc chn phng t
ht nh thm qua. ch dng m, chng khng c li ra hoc treo vo ng, cn
ng u quanh ng nu nhn thy.
Phi ly ch ng b vn ngang hoc mp ch ra vic lp t khng ng. Cc
on ng b h hng trong khi lp phi c k s chuyn nghip nh gi v khi
c ch o on ng ny phi c sa cha hoc thay th vi chi ph ca Nh
thu.
Phi kim tra cc ng c ph bc m bo lp bc khng c vt nt, try
xc hoc cc ch b bc. Phi sa lp bc theo cc yu cu k thut ca vt liu.

Phi tin hnh kim tra cui cng bn trong vic lp t CMP nh gi
cc vn c th nh hng ti s lm vic lu di ca cng. Vic kim tra cui
cng phi tin hnh khng sm hn 30 ngy sau khi hon thnh lp t v lp
t.
Vic kim tra s xc minh cc yu cu ca vic lt nn, lp t v lu ln c c
tun th khi lp t khng. Phi r sot cng v tuyn cng, phn tch mi ni, nt
l bulng, mo cc b, phnh ra, bt i hoc vn ngang. Phi kim tra vic lp ph
mng m bo c c mc ph ti thiu v kim tra trc v ngay sau khi ti
trng xe i qua.
Ch gii: Xem iu 2.0 Kim tra ca Hng dn thot nc ng b, Tp XIV: Kim
tra cng, chn vt liu v khi phc, 2000.
Vic kim tra vo cc thi im thch hp trong khi lp t cho php thc hin
cc sa i v k thut lp rp v lp t. Vic nh thi gian v s ln kim tra bng
mt ph thuc vo tm quan trng ca cng trnh v chiu cao lp ph ca n. Kim
tra thi cng giai on u ca d n s gip Nh thu nh gi c v khi cn thit
sa i k thut thi cng v khng ch cht lng.
Cc kt cu vi su thng lm vic gn hn vi ton b mc cng
cho php. ni m chiu cao lp ph l ng k, vic pht hin mi vn
trc khi ng c lp ti cao m vic sa cha s kh khn hoc tn km l
c bit quan trng.
t tip tc c kt theo thi gian sau khi lp t ng. Khi m 30 ngy
khng bao c khung thi gian t hon thnh c kt quanh ng, mong l c
thi gian quan st cc tc ng ca c kt c th c. Tuy nhin, i khi mt
ng li c thi cng qua cng sm hn 30 ngy. Khi m gii hn 30 ngy
c m bo, vic kim tra nhanh trc khi lm mt ng qua cng, nht l
vi lt u, nn cn thn m bo k thut thi cng tt c p dng.
ngh nhn vin kim tra khng chui vo cng c ng knh nh hn
600mm. Kim tra bn trong cc cng c ny tt nht dng my quay video. Ch nhn
vin kim tra c o to lm vic trong khng gian hn ch v dng cc phng
php thch hp vi cc quy ch ph hp ca a phng v quc gia mi c vo
cng.
S vn ngang hoc mt i xng l quan trng v mt kt cu i vi ng ln v
vng b dt xung c hnh thnh trn mt pha ca nh ng lm nh ng tim b
vn ngang v pha i din. Nhng thay i hnh dng khc nhau mi ni hoc mi
ni b tch c th cho php t lt vo hoc lt ra do t lp b xi.
S hi nh ln ca hnh dng mt ct ngang cn coi l biu hin ca vic t
c hoc vt qu yu cu lu ln ti thiu.
26.5.7.2 vng lp t
ng phi c nh gi xc nh xem ng knh trong ca ng trn c b
gim nhiu hn gii hn cho trong iu ny khi o khng t hn 30 ngy sau khi hon
thnh vic lp t.
Do dung sai ng knh ca cc ng kim loi c ng knh bng 600mm v
nh hn l rng nn thng khng th vng. Cn thc hin kim tra bng mt qua
my quay video hoc cng c khc r sot ch mp hoc h hng khc. Nu Ch
u t yu cu th vng hoc vic kim tra bng mt cho thy c vng qu mc,
phi dng cng c c K s chp thun c th kim tra cc kch thc thn ng v
khng b gii hn bi nh sng yu, dng chy, chiu di ng hoc cc iu kin hn
ch khc ca mi trng lp t. Nu thc hin th vng th vng i vi ng

kim loi c ng knh bng hoc nh hn 600mm khng c vt qu 7,5% ng
knh danh nh ca ng cng vi dung sai ch to m Ch u t cho l ph hp.
ng c ng knh ln hn 600mm c th vo v o trc tip cc mc vng.
Thay v o trc tip, my quay video nh c hoc cng c khc c K s chp
thun c th kim tra cc kch thc thn ng v khng b gii hn bi nh sng yu,
dng chy, chiu di ng, hoc cc iu kin hn ch khc ca mi trng lp t.
Trong mi lp t ng c ng knh ln hn 600mm, t nht l 10% chiu di
ng ca d n phi c K s chn ngu nhin v kim tra vng. Cng vy, nh
xc nh 100% kim tra bng mt theo iu 26.5.7.1, mi khu vc vng c th pht
hin bng mt phi c kim tra vng.
ch o trc tip, c mi 3000m chiu di ng o mt ln, v yu cu c t
nht 4 s o cho mt ng.
Cc ng c ng knh ln hn 600m cn nh gi bng o trc tip. Phi xc
nh vng bng s o khu v ng tn vi ng knh ng danh nh.
vng ng, l s phn trm, c biu th bng: 100 ((ng tn/ng knh) 1.0).
Tng t, vng ngang c biu th bng : 100 ((khu /ng knh) 1.0).
i vi ng trn ng knh ln hn 600mm, bao gm tm kt cu vm ng
knh trn n, vng vt qu 7,5% ng knh danh nh ca ng cng vi dung
sai ch to ca 1% ca ng knh danh nh hoc 13mm ly s ln hn, phi c
coi l biu hin ca vt liu lp ti, tay ngh ti hoc c hai. Phi yu cu sa hoc
thay cc ng ny. Vic thng qua tiu ch vng khng c loi tr s cn thit phi
nh gi lin quan ti mp, vn ngang hoc cc h hng hnh dng khc.
i vi vm ng, vng dn n gim ng tn hoc tng khu vt qu
7,5% phi c coi l biu hin ca vt liu lp ti, tay ngh ti hoc c hai. Phi yu
cu sa hoc thay cc ng ny. Vic thng qua tiu ch vng khng c loi tr
s cn thit phi nh gi lin quan ti lm, mp, vn ngang hoc cc h hng hnh
dng khc.
Cc cng bn kt cu c kim tra bng o trc tip. Chng phi c lp rp
ph hp vi dung sai hnh dng ca iu 26.4.3. Ngay sau khi lp, cng phi c o
kim tra bt k vng tc thi no xy ra trong khi thao tc lp t. Sau 30 ngy,
cng phi c o li kim tra bt k vng ph thm no. Mi o c vng
phi da trn kch thc thit k. i vi cng ng knh thay i nh cng elip, vm
ng, vm cao v vm thp, bn knh nh khng c tng vt qu 10% ca bn knh
thit k bng cch tnh t trung gia ti chiu di ph hp ca mp thng o
c. Nu bn knh nh vt qu gi tr thit k trn 10% hoc kt cu b vn ngang
hoc mt i xng trn 2%, phi yu cu sa cha. Mc vn ngang hoc mt i
xng c xc nh bng cch th di t nh ng tim ca cng lp t v o
cc na khu mi bn ca ng di cho ti ng khu ln nht. i vi
cng i xng, nhng s o ny mi mt ct ring bit cn bng nhau. Mc vn
ngang v mt i xng c biu th bng s phn trm: 100((na khu A - na
khu B)/khu )) < 2.
Ch gii: 10% ca mi lp t ng phi nh ngha l 10% ca s chiu di ng
v khng t hn 10% ca tng chiu di ng lp t ca d n. Yu cu th vng
10% ca mi lp t ng coi nh l ti thiu v khng hn ch Ch u t c yu cu
nghim ngt hn.
C rt nhiu phng php ph hp o vng, bao gm thit b kim tra
video v o trc tip. D dng phng php no o vng, ti thiu 10% ca tng

chiu di ng lp t phi c th, ngoi ra cn c cc vng c nhn dng
trong kim tra bng mt l c vng.
Cc gii hn vng cho y l tng t v tiu ch vng i vi cc loi ng
mm khc trong Tiu chun ny.
Cc gii hn ny khng nht thit phn nh kh nng lm vic ca ng m c
chn nh cc gii hn vic lp t biu hin tay ngh ti cn c sa cha
phng cc pht sinh trong bo tr tng lai. trnh Ch u t phi o mi ng ring
l thit lp kch thc c s, o vng phi da trn kch thc ng danh nh.
Sai s ch to theo AASHTO M36 cho cc sn phm ring l c thm vo nh gii
hn vng c s 7,5% lm gii hn c nh ra trong iu ny.
Do dung sai ng knh ca cc ng kim loi ng knh nh l rng, tht kh
thc hin th vng nh mt tiu ch thng qua/khng thng qua thng khng
chnh xc. Tuy nhin chng cn c kim tra v lm, mp v h hng khc. Nn kim
tra bng mt k cng cc ng ny hn l th vng. Nu Ch u t chn th
vng cc ng ng knh nh, h cn nh l dung sai cho ng kim loi trn l 1%
hoc 13mm, chn s no ln hn. Cc qu trnh ch to dng cc dung sai ny v
ng knh thng thay i trong phm vi ng. Nht l cc ng nh, iu ny l
ng k i vi bt k vng nhn bit no. Dung sai 13mm trong mt ng 300mm
bn thn n ln ti 4,2% ng knh. Dung sai ch to ny nu khng c xt ti
c th dn n vic nghim thu ng lp t ti hoc loi b ng c lp t tt. Cc
Ch u t chn th vng cc ng c ng knh bng hoc nh hn 600mm, c
th yu cu chng ch ca nh ch to v ng knh trung bnh v th vng da
trn s liu ny, nh mt s la chn.
Theo gii hn dung sai c thit lp trong AASHTO M36 v AASHTO M196,
dung sai ng tn ca vm ng c th thay i ln v chiu dng nhng l khng
(0) v dung sai chiu m. Hn na, dung sai v khu ca vm ng l khng (0) v
chiu dng v c th thay i ln v chiu m. Do , chun s ngng v vng
c t l 7,5% gim ng tn v 7,5% v tng khu . iu ny loi tr dung
sai ln i vi vm ng nh mt nhn t trong kim tra vng.
i vi cng bn kt cu, 10% tng v bn knh nh khng ng l 10% thay
i v ng tn. Ph thuc vo hnh dng, vng ng tn lin quan thng l
5% hoc t hn. V gn nh l c v hn s hnh dng thit k c th cho bn kt cu,
gii hn thay i kch thc l so vi cc kch thc c s cho trong bn v thi cng
cho kt cu ring bit . o c cn lm ngay sau khi lp t v lp cng nh l sau
30 ngy sao cho cc bin php sa i c th c thc hin nu cn, trc khi vic
thi cng tip trn cng c hon thnh.

26.6 PHNG NGA TRONG THI CNG

Cc cng bao gm trong phn ny phi c xem xt vi mi giai on then
cht trong lp t v mc ch d kin cui cng. i vi ti trng thi cng c th cn
lp ph b sung nhiu hn l yu cu iu kin cui cng m ti trng thit k tc
ng ln. Khi thiu thng tin ring, chiu cao lp ph trong Bng 26.6-1 c th coi nh
cho cc cng nh hn. Lp ph ti thiu cn tng ln khi iu kin ti ch cn. K s
hoc nh ch to cn cung cp hng dn v khu nhp v ti trng trc khng
c lit k.


Bng 26.6-1 : Lp ph ti thiu i vi ti trng thi cng qua li cho cc loi hnh
vm ng, elp v cng chui.
Lp ph ti thiu (mm) i vi ti trng quy nh (KN)
Khu ng mm 80 - 220 220 - 330 330 - 490 490 - 670
305 - 1067 600 800 900 900
1219 - 1829 900 900 1000 1200
1961 - 3048 900 1000 1200 1200
3200 - 3658 1000 1200 1400 1400

Nh thu phi lm mi lp ph b sung theo yu cu trnh h hng ng. Lp
ph ti thiu phi o t nh ng ti nh mt ng c duy tr trong thi cng.
Mt ng phi duy tr c c lp ph cho ti khi mt ng c hon
thnh, hoc ti khi d n c Ch u t nghim thu nu khng yu cu lm mt
ng.
Ch gii:
Cc kt cu ny c th chu c ti trng thit k sau khi lp v lu ln ti cao lp
ph ti thiu trn cng nh quy nh trong Phn 12 Kt cu vi v o hm ca Tiu

26.7 O C

ng kim loi gn sng v ng bng tm kt cu, vm ng, vm v cng hp
phi o theo mt di hon thnh ti ch v c nghim thu. S mt di phi l s
trung bnh ca chiu di ng tim trn nh v y i vi ng, chiu di ng tim
y i vi vm ng v cng hp, v trung bnh cc chiu di ng chn vm i vi
vm.

26.8 THANH TON
Cc hng mc thanh ton ring hoc quy nh bao gm c o, lp v b tng
i vi vm phi quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Chiu di o c trn y phi c thanh ton vi gi hp ng tnh theo mt
di b thu cho ng kim loi gn sng, ng tm kt cu, vm ng, vm hoc cng hp
c cc kch c quy nh trong h s hp ng. Gi v vic thanh ton ny phi n b
y cho vic cung cp, bc d, lp dng, kim tra hnh dng v t ng, vm ng,
vm hoc cng hp, v cho tt c cc vt liu, nhn cng, thit b, dng c v ph ph
cn thit cho vic hon thnh hng mc ny. Gi v vic thanh ton ny cng bao gm
vic o t, vt liu lt mng, t lp, tng u, tng cui ng v mng ng, vm
ng v cc cng hp. S thanh ton ring cho vic o, lp v tng u b tng hoc
vt xy v mng i vi vm.


Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 2000. Highway Drainage Guidelines, Volume XIV: Curvert Inspection,
Materials Selection, and Rehabilitation, HDGV 14-3, American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.

th
Edition, LRFDUS-4

th

AWS. 2003. ANSI/AWS D1.2/D1.2M Structural Welding Code Aluminum, American
Welding Society, Miami, FL.

American Welding Society, Miami, FL.

PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 1 -

PHN 27: CNG B TNG
MC LC

27.1 TNG QUT.
27.2 BN V THI CNG.
27.3 VT LIU...
27.3.1 Cng b tng ct thp..
27.3.2 Hon thin b mt.
27.3.3 Cc cht bt khe ni..
27.3.3.1 Tng qut
27.3.3.2 Va xi mng...
27.3.3.3 Cc vng m kn nc mm.
27.3.3.4 Cc cht bt khe ni khc.
27.4 LP RP
27.4.1 Tng qut...
27.4.2 Cc mi ni
27.5 LP T
27.5.1 Tng qut...
27.5.2. Lt mng v lp t.
27.5.2.1 Tng qut
27.5.2.2 Vm trn v ng elip bng b tng ct thp c sn..
27.5.2.3 Cng hp b tng ct thp c sn
27.5.3 t cc t cng...
27.5.4 Phn bn, phn di thp v lp t hoc ph t
27.5.4.1 Vm trn v ng elip b tng ct thp c sn
27.5.4.2 Cc t hp b tng ct thp c sn ..
27.5.4.3 Thi cng phn bn, phn thp v lp t hoc ph t..
27.5.4.4 Lp ph trn cng trong khi thi cng..
27.6 Kim tra hin trng
27.6.1 Tng qut...
27.6.2 Tuyn cng sai..
27.6.3 H hng mi ni
27.6.4 Cc vt nt dc.
27.6.5 Cc vt nt ngang...
27-3
27-3
27-3
27-3
27-4
27-4
27-4
27-4
27-4
27-4
27-4
27-4
27-4
27-5
27-5
27-5
27-5
27-5
27-5
27-12
27-12
27-13
27-13
27-13
27-13
27-13
27-13
27-14
27-14
27-14
27-15
27-16
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 2 -

27.6.6 Tch bc.
27.6.7 Bp thnh bn...
27.6.8 t cui b ri ra .
27.6.9 Hnh ng tip theo.
27.7 O C.
27.8 THANH TON..
Ti liu vin dn ...

27-16
27-16
27-17
27-17
27-17
27-17
27-18

PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 3 -

PHN 27
CNG B TNG

27.1 TNG QUT

Cng vic ny gm c vic ch to, cung cp, lp t v kim tra cng b tng
c sn chn di t theo Tiu chun ny, Phn 12 ca Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD v cc chi tit cho trong h s hp ng. ng b tng ct thp c sn
phi trn, hnh vm hoc elip, theo quy nh trong h s hp ng. Cc tit din cng
hp b tng ct thp c sn phi c kch thc quy nh nh trong h s hp ng.
Ch gii: Tiu chun cng b tng tham kho Phn 12 Kt cu vi v o hm ca
Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.

27.2 BN V THI CNG

Khi trong h s hp ng khng cho y cc chi tit, hoc tiu chun/ch dn
chi tit, Nh thu phi np cc bn v thi cng v cc tnh ton chng minh ca kt cu
hoc h thng lp t ngh s dng. Vic ch to v lp t ch c bt u sau
khi K s chp thun cc bn v. Cc bn v thi cng phi cho cc chi tit y ca
kt cu, vt liu, thit b v phng php lp t ngh s dng.
Cc bn v thi cng phi np trc khi bt u cng vic c lin quan thi
gian xem xt v sa cha m khng lm chm cng vic. Vic chp thun nh vy
ca K s khng gii thot cho Nh thu khi bt k trch nhim no trong hp ng
i vi vic hon thnh tt cng vic.

27.3 VT LIU

27.3.1 Cng b tng ct thp
Cc vt liu dng lm cng b tng ct thp phi p ng cc yu cu ca loi
v c quy nh trong Bng 27.3.1-1.

Bng 27.3.1-1 Cc yu cu v tiu chun cng b tng ct thp
Loi cng Tiu chun
Cng trn AASHTO M170 (ASTM C76) hoc
AASHTO M242 (ASTM C655)
(ASTM C76 hoc ASTM C655)
ng vm AASHTO M206
(ASTM C506)
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 4 -

ng elip AASHTO M207
(ASTM C507)
Tit din hnh hp AASHTO M259 v AASHTO M273
hoc ASTM C1433

27.3.2 Hon thin b mt
Cc h hng do nh thnh phn, trn v c khng ph hp tiu chun hoc
h hng b mt nh r t ong hoc cu trc h c th tc ng xu n chc nng
ng phi c sa cha hoc thay ng.

27.3.3 Cc cht bt khe ni
27.3.3.1 Tng qut
Nh thu phi cp cho K s chng ch chng thc vt liu c cung cp ph
hp vi cc yu cu v tnh cht mi ni.
27.3.3.2 Va xi mng
Va phi gm mt phn xi mng portland v hai phn ct theo th tch. Ct phi
c cp phi tt v c c tt c u lt qua sng 2,36mm. Vt liu phi trn ti st
thch hp vi mc ch d nh v dng trong vng 30 pht sau khi trn vi nc.
Nu dng ph gia phi c s chp thun ca K s trc khi s dng.
27.3.3.3 Cc vng m kn nc mm
Cc mi ni c vng m kn nc mm phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M198 (ASTM C990 (ASTM C990M)) hoc AASHTO M315 (ASTM C433)
(AASHTO M315M) (ASTM C433), phi mm v c kh nng chu c s co gin v
ln ca ng ng.
Tt c cc vng m cao su phi c ct gi trong mt ni cng mt cng tt,
tt nht l 21
o
C hoc nh hn.
Cc vng m cao su, thuc loi cn bi trn, phi c bi trn bng mt cht
bi trn do nh sn xut ng khuyn v cung cp.
27.3.3.4 Cc cht bt khe ni khc
Cc cht bt khe ni khc phi np th nghim trc khi dng chng v
khng c dng khi K s cha chp thun.

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 27.5

27.4 LP RP

27.4.1 Tng qut
Cc n nguyn hoc b phn b tng c sn phi lp rp theo hng dn
ca nh sn xut. Tt c cc n nguyn hoc b phn phi c bc d kh cn
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 5 -

thn v khng c ln hoc ko trn si . Phi ch cc n nguyn khng va
vo hoc cc vt cng khc trong khi lp t.

27.4.2 Cc mi ni
Cc mi ni i vi ng b tng ct thp v t cng hp b tng ct thp c
sn phi ph hp vi cc chi tit nu trong h s hp ng v cc bn v thi cng
c chp thun. Mi mi ni phi c bt ngn chn t nh hoc nc lt vo
theo yu cu trong h s hp ng. Cc th nghim hin trng c th phi tin hnh
theo yu cu ca K s mi khi c vn lin quan n cc yu cu ca hp ng.

27.5 LP T

27.5.1 Tng qut
Cc ho phi o theo ng kch thc v cao quy nh trong h s hp
ng hoc theo lnh ca K s. Nh thu phi b tr theo yu cu m bo thot
nc thch ng cho ho bo v nn trong qu trnh thao tc thi cng.
Trc khi lp cng, phi chun b nn t cho ng cch, t nn khi cn
thit, v ri lp m mng. Cc vn ny bao gm vic san bng cn thit y ho
nguyn th hoc mt trn ca nn t cng nh vic ri v san bng lp lt mng ti
mt cao ng u ton b chiu di ng c trn mt nn ng nht hi
n hi. Vt liu lp phi ri v lu ln xung quanh cng theo cch no p ng c
cc yu cu quy nh.
t dng ci thin mng, lt nn v lp phi c c ht tng thch vi t
lin k trnh di chuyn. Khi khng khng ch tt c ht phi cch ly vi t lin k
bng vi a k thut.
Ch gii: Xem ASTM C1479 c thng tin b sung v k nng lp t tiu chun ng
thot nc b tng c sn, thot nc ma v ng cng.

27.5.2. Lt mng v lp t
27.5.2.1 Tng qut
Nu gp lp hoc cc tng ln trong gii hn ca lp nn yu cu di
cng phi ph b v thay th bng lp t lt nn. Mng phi gm t cng n rn ti
ch, t n nh hoc t lp c lu ln. Nu l mng hoc t khng bin
dng khc, lp lt nn ti thiu phi l 150mm. ni, theo kin ca K s, t
mng t nhin phi gia c, t ny phi thay th bng mt lp t lt nn. Ni gp loi
t khng n nh v/hoc khng ph hp (nh than bn, t mn). cao hoc
di cao vm ngc trong khi o, phi thm d v phn tch cn thit t di
mt v x l theo ch dn ca K s.
Ni c hoc mng khng n hi khc cn ph n. K s c th i hi cc
bc lm ph hp bo v ng.
Ch gii: Nu mng trong hoc t khng n hi khc, lp lt nn 150mm c th l
khng i vi nn p cao. Cn xt n lp lt nn ti thiu bng 2% chiu cao nn
p.
27.5.2.2 Vm trn v ng elip bng b tng ct thp c sn
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 6 -

Phi cung cp loi lt mng c quy nh trong h s hp ng hoc trn bn
v thi cng. Loi hnh lp t quy nh phi ph hp vi:
Mt trong cc loi hnh lp t cho trong cc Bng 27.5.2.2-1 v 27.5.2.2-2
v
Cc chi tit cho trong cc Hnh t 27.5.2.2-1 n 27.5.2.2-4 trong xc nh
cc vng t v kch thc ti hn i vi cc ng trn, ng vm v ng elip.
Ch gii: Cc Bng 27.5.2.2-1 v 27.5.2.2-2 lit k cc loi t tng qut, cc yu cu
cht ti thiu v chiu dy lt mng ti thiu cho 4 loi hnh lp t chun i vi lp
t trong nn p v trong ho.
Lt gia ri rc khng
lu ln tr loi 4
Bc/3
Hng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
H
Bc
Bc (Min) Bc/6 (Min)
Pha thp - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Lt mng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Vt liu lt bn ngoi v
lu ln mi bn. Cc yu
cu ging nh hng
D
i
Lp trn SW, ML hoc CL

Hnh 27.5.2.2-1 ng trn - t trong lp t tiu chun trong nn p.

D
i
Vt liu lt bn ngoi v
lu ln mi bn. Cc yu
cu ging nh hng
Lt mng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Pha thp - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Bc (Min)
Bc
H
Hng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Bc/3
Lt gia ri rc khng
lu ln tr loi 4
ng ho
theo yu cu
Chiu rng ho ti
thiu - Xem ghi ch
di Bng 27.5.2.2-2

Hnh 27.5.2.2-2 ng trn - Lp t tiu chun trong ho
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 7 -

Vt liu lt bn ngoi v
lu ln mi bn. Cc yu
cu ging nh hng
Lt mng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Pha thp - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Bc/6 (Min) Bc (Min)
Bc
H
Hng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Bc/3
Lt gia ri rc khng
lu ln tr loi 4
ng chn vm
NG ELP NGANG

ng chn vm
Bc (Min)
NG ELP NG
Vt liu lt bn ngoi v
lu ln mi bn. Cc yu
cu ging nh hng
Lt mng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Pha thp - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Bc/6 (Min)
Bc
HHng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Bc/3
Lt gia ri rc khng
lu ln tr loi 4

NG VM
ng chn vm
Lt gia ri rc khng
lu ln tr loi 4
Bc/3
Hng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
H
Bc
Bc (Min) Bc/6 (Min)
Pha thp - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Lt mng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-1
Vt liu lt bn ngoi v
lu ln mi bn. Cc yu
cu ging nh hng

Hnh 27.5.2.2-3 Lt mng trong nn p Cc loi hnh khc
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 8 -

NG ELP NGANG
ng chn elip
Lt gia ri rc khng
lu ln tr loi 4
Bc/3
Hng - xem
Bng
27.5.2.2-2
H
Bc
Bc (Min)
Pha thp - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Lt mng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Vt liu lt bn ngoi v
lu ln mi bn. Cc yu
cu ging nh hng
Lp trn SW,
ML hoc CL
Chiu rng ho ti
thiu - Xem ghi ch
di Bng 27.5.2.2-2

Lp trn SW,
ML hoc CL
Vt liu lt bn ngoi v
lu ln mi bn. Cc yu
cu ging nh hng
Lt mng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Bc (Min)
Bc
H
Bc/3
Lt gia ri rc khng
lu ln tr loi 4
ng chn vm
NG VM
Chiu rng ho ti
thiu - Xem ghi ch
di Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Pha thp - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2

NG ELP NG
Bc (Min)
ng chn vm
Lt gia ri rc khng
lu ln tr loi 4
Bc/3
Hng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
H
Bc
Pha thp - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Lt mng - xem
Bng 27.5.2.2-2
Vt liu lt bn ngoi v
lu ln mi bn. Cc yu
cu ging nh hng
Lp trn
SW, ML
hoc CL
Chiu rng ho ti
thiu - Xem ghi ch
di Bng 27.5.2.2-2

Hnh 27.5.2.2-4 Lt mng ho Cc loi hnh khc

PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 9 -

Bng 27.5.2.2-1 t trong lp t tiu chun trong nn p v yu cu cht ti
thiu

Loi hnh lp t Chiu dy lt mng Hng v lt bn
ngoi
Pha thp
Loi 1 Vi mng t, t nht bng
B
c
/600mm v khng t hn
75mm. Vi mng , t nht
bng B
c
/300mm v khng t
hn 150mm
95% SW 90% SW, 95%
ML hoc 100%
CL
Loi 2: Lp t
ng elip ngang,
ng v vm
Vi mng t, t nht bng
B
c
/300mm v khng t hn
bng B
c
/300mm v khng t
hn 150mm
90% SW hay 95%
ML
85% SW, 90%
ML hoc 95% CL
Loi 3 - Lp t
ng elip ngang,
ng v vm
Vi mng t, t nht bng
B
c
/600mm v khng t
hn75mm. Vi mng , t nht
bng B
c
/300mm v khng t
hn 150mm
85% SW, 90% ML
hoc 95% CL
85% SW, 90%
ML hoc 95% CL
Loi 4 Vi mng t, khng cn lt
mng. Vi mng , t nht
bng B
c
/300mm v khng t
hn 150mm.
Khng yu cu lu
ln, tr vi CL dng
85% CL
Khng yu cu lu
ln, tr vi CL
dng 85% CL

Gii thch Bng 27.5.2.2-1
cht v k hiu t, ngha l 95% SW phi ly tham kho cho t SW
vi ti thiu 95% ca cht Proctor tiu chun. Cc gi tr Protor ci tin
tng ng phi nh cho trong Bng 27.5.2.2-3.
t cc vng lt bn ngoi, hng v phn di thp, tr phm vi B
c
/3
t ng chn ng, phi c lu ln t nht ti cht ging nh hu ht
cc vng t lp khc.
Chiu rng ti thiu ca ho o i vi lp t Loi 1 n Loi 3 phi l
600mm hoc 1,33 B
c
, ly s ln hn, hoc rng hn nu cn c khng
gian t c cht quy nh vng hng v lt mng.
Vi cc ho o c vch l t thin nhin, bt k b phn no ca vng
pha di trong vch o t nht cng phi vng chc tng ng t lp
theo yu cu cht quy nh cho vng pha thp v cng vng chc nh
hu ht t trong vng lp t, hoc phi o i v thay bng t c lu ln
theo mc quy nh.
Lp t Loi 2 v 3 ch dng cho ng elip ngang, elp ng v vm.
Chiu dy lt mng yu cu l chiu dy ca lp lt mng sau khi t ng ln
lt mng v trc khi lp t.

PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 10 -

Ch gii: Ho o l ho trong t t nhin di nn p dng gi t lt mng vi
phn nh di lp mng ng hon thnh vi trn 10% chiu cao t ph trn
cng hoc ng, i vi mt ng th phn nh ho cao thp hn 300mm di
cao y ca lp vt liu mng ng.

Bng 27.5.2.2-2 t trong lp t tiu chun trong ho v cc yu cu v cht
ti thiu

Loi hnh lp t Chiu dy lt mng Hng v lt bn
ngoi
Pha thp
Loi 1 Vi mng t, t nht bng
B
c
/600mm v khng t hn
bng B
c
/300mm v khng t
hn 150mm
95% SW 90% SW, 95% ML
hoc 100% CL
hoc t thin
nhin c vng
chc tng ng.
Loi 2: Lp t
ng elip ngang,
ng v vm
Vi mng t, t nht bng
B
c
/300mm v khng t hn
bng B
c
/300mm v khng t
hn 150mm
90% SW hay 95%
ML
85% SW, 90% ML
hoc 95% CL hoc
t thin nhin c
vng chc
tng ng
Loi 3 - Lp t
ng elip ngang,
ng v vm
Vi mng t, t nht bng
B
c
/600mm v khng t
hn75mm. Vi mng , t nht
bng B
c
/300mm v khng t
hn 150mm
85% SW, 90% ML
hoc 95% CL
85% SW, 90% ML,
95% CL hoc t
thin nhin c
vng chc tng
ng
Loi 4 Vi mng t, khng cn lt
mng. Vi mng , t nht
bng B
c
/300mm v khng t
hn 150mm.
Khng yu cu lu
ln, tr vi CL
dng 85% CL
85% SW, 90% ML,
95% CL hoc t
thin nhin c
vng chc tng
ng

Gii thch Bng 27.5.2.2-2
cht v k hiu t, ngha l 95% SW phi ly tham kho cho t SW
vi ti thiu 95% ca cht Proctor tiu chun. Cc gi tr Protor ci tin
tng ng phi nh cho trong Bng 27.5.2.2-3.
Cao nh ho phi khng thp hn 0,1H di lp mng ng hon
thin, hoc vi mt ng th nh ho khng thp hn 300mm di cao
y ca lp mng mt ng.
t cc vng lt bn ngoi, hng v phn di thp, tr phm vi B
c
/3
t ng chn ng, phi c lu ln t nht ti cht ging nh hu ht
cc vng t lp khc.
Chiu rng ti thiu ca ho o i vi lp t Loi 1 n Loi 3 phi l
600mm hoc 1,33 B
c
, ly s ln hn, hoc rng hn nu cn c khng
gian t c cht quy nh vng hng v lt mng.
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 11 -

Vi tng ho c dc ng trong vng 10
o
, cht hoc vng chc ca
t trong tng ho v vng pha di thp khng cn xem xt.
Vi tng ho c dc ln hn 10
o
, bao gm nn p, phn di thp phi lu
ln t nht ti cng cht quy nh i vi t trong vng t lp.
Lp t Loi 2 v 3 ch dng cho ng elip ngang, elp ng v vm.
Chiu dy lt mng yu cu l chiu dy ca lp lt mng sau khi t ng ln
lt mng v trc khi lp t.

Phn loi t AASHTO M145, ASTM D2487 v USCS tng ng vi cc loi
nhm t trong lp t tiu chun c th ly t Bng 27.5.2.2-3

Bng 27.5.2.2-3 Phn loi t USCS v AASHTO tng ng vi loi t SIDD

Loi t i din cht phn trm
Loi t SIDD
USCS AASHTO Proctor
tiu chun
Proctor ci tin
Ct si SW, SP, GW, GP A1, A3 100
95
90
85
80
61
95
90
85
80
75
59
Bn ct (ph sa) GM, SM, ML
C GC, SC vi
di 20% lt qua
sng s 200
A2, A4 100
95
90
85
80
49
95
90
85
80
75
46
GL, MH, GC, SC A5, A6 100
95
90
85
80
45
90
85
80
75
70
40

St bn
CH
Khng c dng
hng v lt
mng
A7 100
95
90
45
90
85
80
40
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 12 -

27.5.2.3 Cng hp b tng ct thp c sn
Tr cho php khc y, phi lm lt mng theo loi hnh lp t quy nh ph
hp vi Hnh 27.5.2.3-1, tr khi theo kin ca K s t t nhin c th lm lt mng
ph hp.
Vt liu lt mng c th l t dng ht lt ht qua sng 9,5mm v c khng qu
10% lt qua sng 75 mm. t lp phi l t c chn khng c cht hu c, khng
c cc ln hn 75mm v c m trong phm vi yu cu i vi cht.

t lp
Chiu dy lt mng
ti thiu 75 mm
Lt mng trong ho
MAT CT HP
t lp c
la chn
Bc
t lp
Mt t hoc
nn p hin c
Lp san bng chiu dy
lt mng ti thiu 75 mm MAT CT HP
Lt mng trong nn p
Bc

Hnh 27.5.2.3-1 Cc yu cu lt mng v lp t

27.5.3 t cc t cng
Tr khi c php ca K s lm khc i, vic t cc t cng trn lt mng
chun b phi bt u t u ra vi mu ni m rng hng xung h lu v tin dn
v pha u vo vi cc on gip u khp nhau chnh xc ng theo tuyn v dc
xc nh. Khi t cc ng c on m rng phi o cc h cho on m rng trong
nn theo kch thc sao cho ton b chiu di thn ng c trn nn khi t
ng cch nh cho trong Hnh 27.5.3-1. Phi b tr cc phng tin nng h tho
ng cc t cng vo trong ho m khng xo trn lt nn x l v cc thnh ho.
u cc t cng phi lm sch trc khi ni vi nhau. t cng phi kht v khp
khi t trn nn to thnh mt ng dn nhn, ng u. Khi dng ng elip c ct
thp trn xung quanh hoc ng trn c ct thp hnh elip, ng phi t trong ho v tr
m cc du nh hoc y khng c lch qu 5
o
so vi mt phng thng ng
trn sut trc dc ca ng. Cm dng thit b o t iu chnh dc bng tc
ng lc ln cng hoc nng h cng. Nu t cng lp t khng ng dc sau khi
ni, t cng ny phi tho ra, sa li dc v ni li.

PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 13 -

H o m rng

Hnh 27.5.3-1: o cc h m rng chng ng u

Cng b tng ct thp c nhiu l (ca) phi t vi ng tim cc l song song
v cch nhau nh cho trong h s hp ng. Cc t cng v hp dng trong lp t
song song i hi c bn chc chn gia thnh bn ca cc t ng hoc hp
cnh nhau. t lp c lu ln, t lp dng ht hoc p va gia cc t cng c
coi l cc bin php chng tt.

27.5.4 Phn bn, phn di thp v lp t hoc ph t
27.5.4.1 Vm trn v ng elip b tng ct thp c sn
Vt liu phn bn hng, vt liu phn di thp v t lp phi c lm theo
cc gii hn cho trong cc Hnh t 27.5.2.2-1 n 27.5.2.2-4.
27.5.4.2 Cc t hp b tng ct thp c sn
t lp phi c lm theo cc gii hn cho trong Hnh 27.5.2.3-1 cho trng
hp nn p hoc ho.
Ch gii: Mc d thng thi cng vi vch ho ng, vic lp t cc cng hp c sn
trong ho c vch dc l khng c vn .
27.5.4.3 Thi cng Phn bn hng, phn thp v lp t hoc ph t
t lp phi ri theo cc lp t ri dy khng qu 200mm v lu ln t c
t trng yu cu. t lp phi ri v m ln cn thn di cc hng cng v nng u
ng thi 2 bn cng. Chiu rng ho phi lm hp nht theo yu cu lp cng.
Ngm hoc phun nc ch c dng khi c php ca K s.
Ch gii: Ni chung lu ln t lp n t trng yu cu ph thuc vo chiu dy lp t
c lu ln, loi t, m ca t, loi thit b lu ln v lc m cng nh di thi
gian lc m tc dng.
27.5.4.4 Lp ph trn cng trong khi thi cng
Nu thit b thi cng phi i qua trn cng lp t l cn thit trong xy dng
cng trnh, lp ph c lu ln thnh dc leo vt qua cng phi dy t nht 900mm
pha trn nh cng hoc ti chiu cao m ti trng thit b tc ng ln cng khng
vt qu cng thit k ca cng. Khi lp t trong nn p lp ph ny phi m
rng ra hai bn cng t nht bng chiu rng mt ln ng knh cng mi bn hoc
900mm, ly s ln hn, phng cng c th dch chuyn ngang. Nu lng xe my
thi cng ln phi i qua cng lp t th im vt thnh thong phi thay i
gim thiu kh nng dch chuyn ngang.

27.6 KIM TRA HIN TRNG

PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 14 -

27.6.1 Tng qut
Phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong vic lp t cc ng cng b vi nh gi
cc vn c th nh hng ti s lm vic lu di nh cc vt nt, cht lng mi
ni v tuyn ng. Vic kim tra phi tin hnh khng sm hn 30 ngy sau khi hon
thnh lp t v lp t.
Ch gii: Xem iu 2.0 Kim tra ca Hng dn thot nc ng b. Tp XIV. Kim
tra cng, chn vt liu v khi phc, 2000.
nh gi tnh ton khi kt cu ca cng, cn tin hnh kim tra bn trong
cng. t tip tc c kt theo thi gian sau khi lp ng. Khi m 30 ngy khng bao
c khung thi gian t hon thnh c kt quanh ng, mong l c thi gian
quan st cc tc ng ca c kt c th c. Tuy nhin, i khi mt ng li c thi
cng qua cng sm hn 30 ngy. Khi m gii hn 30 ngy c m bo, vic kim tra
nhanh trc khi lm mt ng qua cng nn cn thn m bo k thut thi cng
tt c p dng.
ngh nhn vin kim tra khng chui vo cng c ng knh nh hn 600mm.
Kim tra bn trong cc cng cng c ny tt nht l dng my quay video. Ch nhn
vin c o to lm vic trong khng gian hn ch v dng cc phng php thch
hp vi cc quy ch ph hp ca a phng v quc gia mi c vo cng.

27.6.2 Tuyn cng sai
C th cn c hin tng t tuyn cng sai lm du hiu ch ra s tn ti
cc vn trong t chng hoc vic khng ch dc ca Nh thu. Phi kim tra
tuyn ng v tuyn ngang ca cng bng quan st dc nh, vm ngc v cc mt
bn ca cng, kim tra dch chuyn khc nhau hoc ln cc mi ni gia cc t
cng. Phi kim tra tuyn ng v vng, t gy v vm ngc phnh ln. Nhn vin
kim tra phi xt n vic t cng theo vng hoc thay i dc nh quy nh.
Phi kim tra tuyn ngang v thng hoc cong u n.
Ch gii: Cc cng cng nh ng b tng c sn khng vng ng k trc khi b nt
hoc t gy. Kt qu l vic kim tra hnh dng l quan trng i vi kt cu mm li t
c gi tr trong kim tra cng bng b tng c sn.
Vng lm ng nc c th sinh ra ln trm trng do t chu lc b bo ho
nc hoc dn n bi tch trong ng lm gim hiu qu dng chy. Vic lp t khng
ng cch, hng chn hoc ln khng u ca t lp c th gy ra cc vn v
tuyn cng.

27.6.3 H hng mi ni
C th pht hin cc mi ni r r khi nc thp bng mt cc mi ni bng cch
kim tra quanh cc u cng v bng chng xi ngm v nu hp ng yu cu bng
cc phng php th c bit thng dng cho thot nc v sinh.
Dch chuyn khc nhau, nt, v, t m khng ng, dch chuyn hoc ln ca
cc t cng, v r r phi c ghi trong bo co kim tra. Cc vt nt mi ni nghim
trng cng c ngha nh l cc mi ni b tch ri.
S tch ri cc mi ni ln hn gii hn ti a ca nh sn xut ng phi coi l
quan trng v chng lm tng nhanh h hng do t lp thm vo v lt ra do xi.
Bng chng ca mi s mt t qua mi ni l l do cho kho st sau xc
nh ngun gc v yu cu sa cha hoc thay th.
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 15 -

Ch gii: Cc h hng mi ni c th xp hng t nh n nghim trng v bn cht.
Nhng h hng mi ni in hnh bao gm: r r (thm vo v lt ra), nt v v tch
mi ni. Lt ra xy ra khi cc mi ni b r r cho php dng nc chy qua cng r vo
nn t. Rt nhiu cng c xy vi cc mi ni khng kn nc hoc bng va,
chng c th nt ch vi nhng vng, dch chuyun hoc ln nh ca ng. R r nh
c th khng thnh vn tr khi t b xi ln. Tuy nhin nu cc mi ni gp phn
vo hoc gy ra xi ngm c th dn n lm lch nghim trng tuyn cng hoc thm
ch h hng.
Cn xem xt tiu ch thit k mi ni v cho php cc mi ni h lm vic nh
thot nc ngm.
Thm vo l ngc vi lt ra. Nhiu cng ch yu l rng, tr khi c l ln. Khi
m dng chy cao hn vm ngc ca cng, nc c th thm vo cng phn nc
thm vo ny nu mang theo cc phn t t ht nh ca t lp xung quanh c th
gy ra ln lm lch tuyn cng.
Thm vo c th kh pht hin bng mt giai on u, nhng n c th cho
thy cc mi ni h, vt r trn vch v nh cng mi ni, tch t t trong cng
hoc ln st pha trn cng.
Cu khng ng cch khi lp, t k khng ng, dch chuyn hoc ln ca cc
t cng c th gy ra nt vng ni.
Nu c chng c v nhng vn khc th dch chuyn khc nhau gia cc t
cng, cc vt nt khng rng qu 25mm, nt v hoc b ct c th coi l vn nh.
Cc mi ni b nt l vn cch t ch khng th l vn cch nc thm ch nu
dng cc ming k.
Thng tm thy cc mi ni b tch khi pht hin tuyn ng b lch nghim
trng. Trn thc t vn ny c th l nguyn nhn hoc lm trm trng vn kia.
Dch chuyn t hng chung ca tim cng c th lm cho cc t cng b ko dn
ra. Trt nn p cng c th gy nn tch t.

27.6.4 Cc vt nt dc
Cc vt nt dc c si tc nh hoc vm ngc ch r ct thp chu mt
phn ti trng. Cc vt nt c b rng bng hoc nh hn 0,25mm coi l vt nt nh
ch cn ghi vo bo co kim tra.
Nhng du hiu khuyt tt khc nh dch chuyn khc nhau, mt b tng xi
hoa, nt v hoc r thp cng phi ghi chp li. Khi vt nt rng hn 0,25mm phi o
b rng, chiu di v v tr cc vt nt v ng knh ng, c chiu ng v chiu
ngang. Nh thu phi tin hnh nh gi v trnh K s xem xt v thm nh tnh
ton vn kt cu, iu kin mi trng v tui th thit k ca cng.
Cc vt nt c b rng bng hoc ln hn 0,25mm v xc nh l c hi phi
c trt li bng phng php c K s chp thun. ng c vt nt ln hn
2,5mm v K s xc nh l vt qu kh nng sa cha kt cu mt cch tho ng
phi c cha li hoc thay th. Cc ng ang dch chuyn qua vt nt phi sa
cha hoc thay th.
Cc ghi chp kim tra c vt nt ln hn 0,25mm phi lu li trong tp tin (File)
gim st trong nhng ln kim tra tip theo. Cc s o v nh v vt nt phi ly
lm c s gim st trong nhng ln kim tra tip theo.
Ch gii: Ni chung trong mi trng khng xm thc ( pH > 5,5), cc vt nt c b
rng bng hoc nh hn 2,5mm l chp nhn c.
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 16 -

Nt dc c b rng vt qu 2,5mm c th l biu hin ca qu ti hoc lt
mng ti. Nu ng t trn vt liu cng v t lp khng c lu ln y quanh
ng hoc di cc hng ng, ti trng s tp trung dc y ng v dn n nt do un
hoc ct. Dng thit b lu ln thu lc m khng c lp t ph y c th dn n
cc vt nt dc trn nh cng.
Nt cn c th pht sinh do vic lm sai khi dng thit b thi cng y ng c
c dc ng.
Chuyn v ca vt nt qua dch chuyn hai bn khc nhau hoc nt khng u l
th hin b ct mnh. Trong khi nt do un xut hin nh hoc vm ngc ca ng,
nt do ct hoc tch thng thy vng hng ng.

27.6.5 Cc vt nt ngang
ni quan st thy cc vt nt ngang, chng phi c gim st nh m t
iu 27.6.4.
Ch gii:
Lt mng ti cng c th gy ra nt ngang hoc quanh chu vi. Cc vt nt c th pht
sinh dc y ng (gy phn m rng) khi m cng ch c u mi t.
Ni chung y l kt qu ca k thut lp t ti, nh lm cc hm m rng trong mng
cng cho cc u cng m rng (kiu m dng) hoc khng lm lt mng dy vi
vt liu ph hp.
Nt c th xy ra dc nh cng (gy lng) khi pht sinh ln, c hoc cc vng
mng cng khc gia t ng m khng c bc y bng vt liu lt nn ph
hp.

27.6.6 Tch bc
C th pht hin tch bc qua nhn bng mt b tng dc mp cc vt nt. Phi
g ba dc vt nt kim tra cc vng h hng m cha b tch ra nhn thy c.
Nhng vng ny thng pht ra ting rng khi g. Cc vng ny c th xem nh b
tch lp hoc khi ngun ca nt v. ng c vn dng ny phi sa cha hoc
thay th.
Ch gii: Tch bc l dng nt v ca b tng song song hoc cho gc vi b mt b
tng. Cc tch bc nh v cc b thng khng thnh vn v sa cha d dng
phng ct thp b g. Vi cc ng b tng c sn, tch bc thng xy ra dc cc mp
vt nt dc hoc ngang do qu ti hoc chng khng tt hn l do nt chu ko n
thun.

27.6.7 Bp thnh bn
Bt k ng no bp thnh bn phi c sa cha hoc thay th.
Ch gii: Bp thnh bn l mt vn nghim trng, n c th xy ra di nn p
cao.
Thut ng thnh bn, bn chu ct hoc ct bn l cp n h hng ca b
tng xy ra do lng ct thp b dui thng ra do b ko qu mc.
Bp thnh bn c c trng bi cc tm b tng ln bc ra khi cc thnh
ng v ct thp dui thng ra.
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 17 -

27.6.8 t cui b ri ra
u cng b ri ra do t t cng ca ra b xi. t cng ny phi c
t li.
Ch gii: Loi h hng ny thng do t ca ra b xi.

27.6.9 Hnh ng tip theo
Bt k cng vic sa cha hoc b cu no c thc hin trn mt cng th
vic kim tra tip theo phi thc hin hai nm mt ln theo cng nhng ch dn c
m t trong Phn 27.6.

27.7 O C

Cng c o theo mt di lp t ti ch, hon thin v c chp thun. S
mt di phi l s trung bnh ca chiu di tim ca nh v y mt ct ng v hp.

27.8 THANH TON

Chiu di o c trn y phi c thanh ton vi n gi hp ng theo
mt di b thu cho cng vi mt s kch c v hnh dng nh c th c, gi v thanh
ton ny phi bao gm n b y cho vic cung cp, bc d v lp t cng v
cho mi vt liu, lao ng, thit b, dng c v ph ph cn thit cho vic hon thnh
hng mc ny. Gi v thanh ton ny cng phi bao gm vic o t, vt liu lt
mng, t lp, tng u v tng cui bng b tng ct thp. V bt k mng c
yu cu no.
Ch gii: Tng u v tng cui b tng ct thp thng bao gm trong thanh ton.
Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp chng c thanh ton theo hng mc b thu
ring, theo mi n v. Thng thng vic o khng coi nh ph ph ca o t
m c chi tr theo mt hng mc chi ring.
PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 18 -

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO. 2000. Highway Drainage Guidelines, Volume XIV: Curvert Inspection,
Materials Selection, and Rehabilitation, HDGV 14-3, American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.

AASHTO. 2004 with interims. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 3
rd
Edition,
LRFDUS-3 or LRFDSI-3, American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials, Washington, DC. Available in customary U.S. and SI editions.

th

ASTM. 2001. Standard Practice for Installation of Precast Concrete Sewer, Storm
Drain, and Culvert Pipe Using Standard Installations, ASTM 1479, American Society for
Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.

PHN 27: CNG B TNG 27 - 19 -

PHN 28: B MT CHU MI MN 28 - 1 -

PHN 28: B MT CHU MI MN
MC LC

28.1 M T
28.2 B MT MI MN BNG B TNG NHA M BIN TNH (LATEX)..
28.2.1 Tng qut...
28.2.2 Vt liu
28.2.2.1 Xi mng Portland...
28.2.2.2 Ct liu
28.2.2.3 Nc
28.2.2.4 Nh tng nha m.
28.2.2.5 B tng nha cao su bin tnh
28.2.3 Chun b b mt...................................................................................
28.2.3.1 Mt cu mi...........................................................................
28.2.3.2 Mt cu hin c......................................................................
28.2.4 nh t l cp phi v trn....................................................................
28.2.5 Ri mt.................................................................................................
28.2.5.1 Cc hn ch v thi tit.........................................................
28.2.5.2 Thit b....................................................................................
28.2.5.3 Ri v hon thin...................................................................
28.2.5.3.1 Cc mi ni thi cng...........................................................
28.2.5.3.2 Ri b tng..........................................................................
28.2.5.3.3 Hon thin...........................................................................
28.2.6 Bo dng...........................................................................................
28.2.7 Th nghim nghim thu..................................................................
28.2.8 o c v thanh ton...........................................................................
Ti liu vin dn..............................................................................................

28-2
28-2
28-2
28-2
28-2
28-2
28-3
28-2
28-3
28-4
28-4
28-4
28-5
28-6
28-6
28-6
28-6
28-6
28-7
28-7
28-7
28-7
28-8
28-9


PHN 28
B MT CHU MI MN

28.1 M T

Cng vic ny gm c ri mt b mt chu mi mn bng vt liu bn v khng
thm nc ln mt ng trn cu bao gm vic chun b cc b mt ca mt cu mi
hoc hin c tip nhn lp ph bng vt liu ri mt ni trn.
Loi v b dy b mt mi mn phi theo ng nh ch nh trong h s hp
ng. Cc yu cu v vt liu v ri lp b mt mi mn cc loi khng phi bng b
tng nha cao su bin tnh (latex) bin tnh phi theo quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Cc b mt mi mn bng b tng nha cao su bin tnh c cung cp v ri theo
tiu chun ny.

28.2 B MT MI MN BNG B TNG NHA CAO SU BIN TNH (LATEX)
28.2.1 Tng qut
Tt c cc thit b dng chun b b mt v nh t l trn, ri v hon thin
b tng nha cao su phi c K s chp thun trc khi s dng. Vic chp thun
ny tu thuc vo tnh nng c tho mn khng v b hu b trong trng hp tnh
nng ny khng t c. Thit b phi c trong tay trc khi bt u cc thao tc
thi cng xem xt v chp thun. Bt k thit b no r r du hoc mt th g khc
cn tr trn mt cu phi c loi b ngay khi a im cng tc trc khi sa cha.
Nh thu phi s dng k thut vin c nhiu kinh nghim trong vic nh t l
trn, ri v hon thin b tng nha cao su v ngi phi c mt v kim tra k
thut cng vic mi khi tin hnh cc thao tc ny. Trnh ca k thut vin ny phi
bao gm mt danh mc cc cng trnh m ngi ny kinh qua v mc trch
nhim ca k thut vin ny v mi cng trnh phi np cho K s v c K s
chp thun trc khi bt u cc thao tc ny.
Vic chp thun ca K s v thit b hoc k thut vin khng gim nh trch
nhim ca Nh thu i vi vic hon thnh tt p cng trnh.
Nu trong h s hp ng khng c nu khc, b dy ti thiu ca b mt mi
mn b tng nha cao su bin tnh phi bng 32mm.

28.2.2 Vt liu
28.2.2.1 Xi mng Portland
Xi mng portland phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 8.3.1 Xi mng, tr
vn ch c s dng Loi I hoc II.
28.2.2.2 Ct liu
Ct liu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M6 i vi ct liu nh v
ca AASHTO M80 i vi ct liu th. Ct liu th phi c cp phi t 13mm ti
4,75mm theo AASHTO M43 (ASTM D448).

28.2.2.3 Nc
Nc trn b tng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 8.3.2 Nc.
28.2.2.4 Nh tng nha cao su
Hn hp nh tng nha cao su pha ch phi l mt nh tng polyme, to
thnh mng mng, khng nguy him trong nc, pha tt c cc cht n nh im
ch to v phi ng nht v ng u v thnh phn.
Cc tnh cht vt l - Cht bin tnh bng nha cao su phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu sau :
Cht n nh loi polymeric Styrene Butadiene
Nha cao su Cht c hot tnh b mt khng ion ho
Thnh phn xi mng portland . .Polydimethyl Siloxane
S phn trm cht rn . .46,0 49,0
Trng lng cho mi lt, kg 25
o
C .. 1.0
Mu sc .. Trng

Mi ln chuyn ch nh tng dng trong cng trnh phi km theo mt chng
ch hp cch do Nh sn xut nh tng nha cao su k xc nhn vt liu ph hp vi
cc tiu chun trn y.
Hn hp nha cao su dc ct gi trong cc bung kn ph hp bo v chng
ng bng v khng h lu trong nhit cao qu 30
o
C. Cc bnh cha ph gia nh
tng c th ct gi ti a im cu trong thi hn khng qu 10 ngy. Cc bnh cha
ny phi c che ph hon ton bng vt liu thm cch nhit ph hp trnh nhit
qu cao.
28.2.2.5 B tng nha cao su bin tnh
B tng nha cao su bin tnh s dng theo d n phi l mt hn hp d dng
v p ng cc yu cu quy nh trong Bng 1 v cc iu sau:
Sau khi ly mu vt liu trn bnh thng x ra, vic bt u th nghim
st phi chm li t 4 n 5 pht.
C th thm nc t st trong cc gii hn quy nh.
T l trng lng kh l gn ng v phi to ra kh nng thi cng d dng,
nhng do cc thay i v cp phi nn c th iu chnh trong cc gii hn
theo K s. C th tng 0,2 phn trng lng ct nu ct liu th c gim
theo mt th tch tng ng.

Bng 28.2.2.5-1 Hn hp b tng nha cao su bin tnh

Vt liu hoc tnh cht B tng
Xi mng, phn theo trng lng 1.0
Ct liu nh, phn theo trng lng . 2,5

Ct liu th, phn theo trng lng .. 2,0
Hn hp nh tng nha m L/42.6 kg xi mng .. 13.25
Hm lng khng kh ca hn hp do % (AASHTO
T152) (ASTM C231) ..
3,0 6,0
st, mm 75 - 150

28.2.3 Chun b b mt
28.2.3.1 Mt cu mi
B mt mt cu mi trn s ri lp mt mi mn phi c cu trc nhm bng
cch chi th hoc bng cc phng php c chp thun khc.
Sau khi bo dng b tng mt cu hon thnh v trc khi ri lp ph, ton
b din tch mt cu v cc mt ng ca cc va, cc tng phng h b tng, tng
barie v.v... cao ti 25mm bn trn cao lp ph phi c thi sch t, du, m,
cht bitum, sn v tt c cc vt liu l khc. Vic thi sch din tch mt cu thng
c tin hnh trong thi hn 24 gi trc khi ri lp ph ln din tch . Vic lm
sch bng cch thi c th l thi ct t, thi nc p lc cao, thi cc ht cng, thi
ct kh c v bo v v b thu gom bi, hoc bng phng php khc c K s
chp thun. Thit b thi nc phi hot ng vi p lc ti thiu bng 24 MPa.
Phng php s dng phi tin hnh ph hp vi cc quy tc nhim nc v khng
kh thch hp v cc quy tc bo v sc khe an ton. Tt c cc cht bn, k c nc
bn, do cc thao tc thi sch phi c lm sch hon ton v ngay lp tc khi cc
b mt c thi sch v khi cc khu v khc m cht bn c th tch t li. Cc
khu vc thi sch phi c bo v khi cn thit chng mi s nhim bn trc khi
ri lp ph. Cc khu vc b nhim bn v cc khu vc l ra ngoi qu 36 gi sau
khi lm sch phi c thi sch li theo ch dn ca K s vi chi ph ca Nh thu.
Ngay trc khi ri lp ph, phi loi b mi bi bn v rc ri khc bng cch
phun nc hoc thi bng kh nn. Sau b mt x l phi ngm nc sch trong
khng t hn mt gi trc khi ri lp ph nha m. Trc khi ri lp ph, phi thi
sch ht nc t do, v phng php ny phi tip tc cho ti khi b mt c v kh
hoc va m.
H thng cung cp khng kh lm sch bng thi phi c trang b mt b
lc du trong tuyn ng kh nn v phi b tr du hoc m khng lm nhim bn b
mt bi bt k thit b no trc khi ri lp ph.
28.2.3.2 Mt cu hin c
B mt mt cu hin c b nhim bn do xe c hoc do cc mui chng ng
bng phi co xi ti su cho trong h s hp ng. Nu khng cho hoc khng c
quy nh v su, phi loi b ti thiu 6mm vt liu b mt bng cch co xi.
Trc khi bt u vic co xi v cho n khi hon thnh cc thao tc ny, tt
c cc rnh thot nc mt cu, cc khe co gin v cc khe h khc c th b h
hng, theo xc nh ca K s, phi tm thi che ph hoc nt li trnh rc bn lt
vo.
Vic co xi phi thc hin bng cc my xi chy in, hoc cc thit b c
chp thun khc, c kh nng loi b mt cch ng u b mt hin c ti cc chiu
su yu cu m khng lm h hng b tng bn di. Cc my co xi khng c

thao tc lm hng cc kim loi nh ca ng thot nc v v bc cc khe co
gin. Trong cc khu vc m my xi khng th ti c v trong cc khu vc b v v
ct thp b l ra, vic xi v loi b b tng b h hng hoc khng tt phi c
thc hin bng dng c cm tay. Khng c dng ba kh nn nng hn 20kg.
Khng c co xi hoc c o trong vng 1800mm ca mt lp ph mi
trc 48 gi sau khi ri.
Trong cc khu vc gp b tng b h hng hoc khng tt theo xc nh ca K
s, b tng phi loi b ti mt su bng 20mm di lp ct thp pha trn. Yu
cu phi c mt khong trng ti thiu bng 20mm xung quanh ct thp tr ni lp ct
thp bn di khng cho php thc hin. Phi ch khng lm h hng ct thp l
ra. Tt c ct thp phi c thi sch. Cc khu vc sa cha phi c lp y trong
thao tc ph.
Sau khi co xi v loi b b tng khng tt xong, mt cu phi thi sch v
chun b theo quy nh trong iu 28.2.3.1 Mt cu mi.

28.2.4 nh t l cp phi v trn
Trc ngy ri 14 ngy, Nh thu phi np cho K s chp thun thit k
hn hp kin ngh bng vn bn v cc mu ca tt c cc vt liu hn hp vi khi
lng to ra ti thiu 0,08m
3
b tng th nghim thit k hn hp trong
phng th nghim.
Thit b nh t l cp phi v trn phi l my trn loi nh t l theo th tch,
trn lin tc, di ng, c tt c cc b phn nm bn trong my.
Cc my trn kiu lin tc phi l loi gi c cc t l ca xi mng, ct t
nhin, v ct liu th khng thay i ch bng cch hiu chnh my trn m khng th
thay i t l bng cch gi nguyn dng du nim phong hoc cc ng h o gn
my trn. Ngoi vic trang b mt thc o lu lng hiu chnh b phn cung
cp nc ca my trn, my trn cng c trang b mt thc o nc loi tch lu
c th c ti 0,4 lt gn nht. Cc thc o nc phi d ti ni, chnh xc ti di
1% v d c. C hai thc o nc phi c K s kim tra mi ln hiu chnh my
trn. Phi c phng php c chp thun cho ph gia vo. Cc ph gia phi cho
vo my trn mt cch ring r chng no c th c. My trn loi lin tc phi
c hiu chnh vi s tho mn ca K s trc khi bt u cng vic. Vic kim tra
chy thng phi lm cho mi 38m
3
hn hp. Cn thit phi hiu chnh li khi cc
ln kim tra chy cho bit v bt k thi im no m K s thy l cn thit
m bo vic nh t l cc thnh phn c chnh xc. Khng c s dng cc my
trn kiu lin tc em theo c cc th tch khng kh khng th chp nhn c vo
trong hn hp.
My trn phi gi sch v khng c c cc vt liu cng hoc kh mt
phn mi thi im. My phi lun lun to ra mt hn hp trn k lng, ng u
trong cc gii hn hm lng khng kh v gii hn st. Cc my trn lm vic
khng tt phi sa cha ngay hoc thay th bng cc my c th chp nhn c.
Cc ng ct liu d tr ang s dng phi c hm lng m ng u.
Kh nng trn phi sao cho cc thao tc hon thin c th tin hnh vi mt tc
khng thay i vic hon thin cui cng c hon thnh trc khi to thnh
mt mng do trn b mt.


28.2.5 Ri mt
28.2.5.1 Cc hn ch v thi tit
Vic ri b tng dng nha cao su bin tnh khng c bt u khi thi tit
di, hoc d on s xung di 7
o
C hoc s cao hn 27
o
C, khi c gi to, ma hoc
cc iu kin m thp d kin s xy ra trc khi b tng bt u ng kt. Nu bt
k mt trong cc iu kin xy ra trong khi ri, phi chm dt vic ri v to ra mt
mi ni thi cng thng. C th phi ri ban m khi cc iu kin ban ngy khng thun
li. Nu phi ri ban m, Nh thu phi b tr chiu sng tho ng.
28.2.5.2 Thit b
Thit b ri v hon thin bao gm cc dng c lm bng tay ri v chi b
tng nha cao su bin tnh mi ri v phn phi b tng ti ng cao bng thanh
gt. Phi dng cc my rung cm tay, thanh gt v bn xoa m ln v hon thin
cc b mt nh.
Phi dng mt my hon thin c chp thun ph hp vi cc yu cu sau
y hon thin tt c cc din tch ln ca cng trnh.
My hon thin phi l t hnh v c kh nng di ng ti v lui c iu
khin chnh xc. Chiu di thanh gt phi ko ra ngoi cc mp ca
hai u on ang ri t nht 150mm. My hon thin cng phi c kh nng
lu ln b tng bng cch rung v nng cc thanh gt trnh b tng khi
chy li. My c th l loi con ln quay hoc loi thanh gt dao ng (a i
a li).
My loi con ln quay phi c mt hoc nhiu con ln, mi khoan v cc
mng rung t 25 n 40Hz.
My loi thanh gt dao ng phi c cc my rung trn cc thanh gt c tn
s rung c th thay i gia 50 v 250 Hz. Mt y ca cc thanh gt phi
rng khng di 100mm v bng kim loi.

Cn c cc thanh ray my hon thin chy ln trn. Cc ray phi cng
trng lng ca my m khng lm vng ng k v phi t bn ngoi khu vc ri
b tng. Cc neo ray phi cung cp n nh ngang v ng v khng c bi mu
phn b tng s khng ph.
Phi cung cp mt cu cng tc c bnh xe hoc nh c th mang vc c
dng sau thao tc hon thin.
28.2.5.3 Ri v hon thin
28.2.5.3.1 Cc mi ni thi cng
Cc mi ni thi cng theo k hoch c to bng cch t vch ngn ti ng
cao . Trc khi ri b tng ln lp ph ri trc, mi ni thi cng phi ca thnh
mt cnh thng ng v thng. C th khng phi ca nu vch ngn to ra mt b
mt thng, nhn, thng ng. Mt ca mi ni phi thi bng ct hoc nc loi b
vt liu ri rc.
Mi ni thi cng dc ch c php lm ng tim ng hoc ti cc ng
chia ln xe tr khi c yu cu khc trong h s hp ng hoc c K s cho php.
Trng hp thao tc b tng chm qu mt gi phi to thnh mt mi ni
thi cng c chp thun bng cch loi b tt c vt liu khng ti cao hon thin

v ca mp thnh mt ng thng. Trong cc t chm tr t hn mt gi tr xung,
u ca lp ri c th bo v khng b kh bng nhiu lp bao ti t v sch.
28.2.5.3.2 Ri b tng
My hon thin phi chy th trn ton b din tch c ph mi ngy trc
khi bt u ri b tng m bo t c b dy lp ph yu cu.
Ngay trc khi ri hn hp ph, phi c va v chi k mt lp mng hn hp
b tng polyme bin tnh dng cho lp ph ln b mt nh mt lp va dnh kt cho
lp ph. Cc ht th hn trong hn hp m khng th chi cho tip xc vi b mt th
phi loi b v i theo cch c K s chp thun. Phi ch m bo tt c
cc b mt thng ng cng nh nm ngang nhn c mt lp ph hon ho, u
n v tc tin trin c hn ch vt liu chi trn mt khng b kh trc khi
n c ph vi b dy y b tng nha cao su bin tnh.
B tng dng nha cao su bin tnh phi ri trn b mt x l v qut lp va
ni trn ngay khi trn xong. Hn hp phi ri v v khong 6mm bn trn cao cui
cng sau c m bng rung v hon thin ti cao cui cng bng my hon
thin c chp thun. Cn dng cc m di trong cc h su, dc mp, v k vi
cc vch chn khe ni. Phi b tr rung thm dc cc ng gp nhau ni cc m b
tng tip gip nhau v dc cc ng va. C th cn hon thin bng tay bng mt ci
bn xoa dc mp m hoc trn cc din tch sa cha nh
Cc ng ray thanh gt v cc vch chn thi cng phi phn tch vi vt liu
mi ri bng cch a mt ng bay dc mt trong ca chng. Cc g tng dy
khng c phn cch vi lp ph. Phi ch m bo rng ng bay ny ct
trn ton b chiu cao v chiu di ca ray sau khi hn hp cng.
28.2.5.3.3 Hon thin
Phi thao tc thit b hon thin to ra mt b mt ng u, nhn v c cu
trc u n. B mt cui cng khng c thay i qu 3mm trn mt thc thng
3m t dc trn . Trc khi mng do c hnh thnh, b mt c lm nhm
bng cch kha rnh theo yu cu ca iu 8.10.2.3 Cu trc.

28.2.6 Bo dng
B mt c ph ngay bng mt lp bao ti sch, t ngay khi mt ng chu
c lp ph m khng b bin dng.
Trong vng mt gi ph bao ti t, bao ti phi lm t li nu cn thit v mt
lp mng polyethylene 100 mm, hoc tm bao polyethylene t trn bao ti t, v b
mt c bo dng trong 24 gi. Sau vt liu bo dng c b ra trong thi
gian 72 gi bo dng khng kh. Nu trong khi bo dng, nhit xung di
7
o
C, thi gian bo dng phi ko di theo ch dn ca K s.
Lp b tng ph phi bo v chng ng bng trong thi gian bo dng. Xe
khng c chy trn lp ph trong khi bo dng.

28.2.7 Th nghim nghim thu
Sau khi bo dng xong, lp ph c kim tra bng mt xem c b nt hoc
h hng g khc, v kim tra xem c b tch lp v mt dnh kt bng cch ko mt ci
dy xch hoc dng c thch hp khc.

Cc vt nt b mt su khng qu 10mm phi trt bng cht bt epoxy thm
nhp sau ph mt lp ct c chp thun.
Mi vt nt su qu 10mm phi c sa cha bng cc phng php c
K s chp thun, hoc cc phn b mt mi mn b nh hng phi c r b v
thay th. Mi b mt mi mn tch lp hoc mt dnh kt hoc cc phn b h hng do
ma hoc ng bng u phi r b v thay th.
Sau khi bo dng t xong, b mt phi th nghim v bng phng v
c sa cha, nu cn, theo quy nh trong iu 8.10.2.4 Th nghim b mt v
sa cha.
Mi vic sa cha u do Nh thu chu chi ph.

28.2.8 o c v thanh ton
Cc b mt mi mn v cc khu vc yu cu co xi ln c o bng m
2
da
trn cc kch thc ca cng vic hon thnh.
Cc b mt mi mn c thanh ton theo gi hp ng cho m
2
. Tr khi c quy
nh khc, vic thanh ton theo m
2
i vi b mt mi mn c xem nh n b
y cho chi ph ca vic cung cp tt c lao ng, vt liu, thit b, ph ph v cho
mi cng vic c lin quan n vic chun b b mt v thi cng b mt nh cho
trong h s hp ng.
Khi mt hng mc ring r c k n trong danh mc b thu i vi vic co
xi mt cu, vic co xi ny c thanh ton ring theo gi hp ng cho m
2
. Vic
thanh ton ny c xem l n b y cho tt c cc chi ph lin quan n vic
co xi k c vic thi b cc vt ph thi.
Vic r b b tng khng tt gp phi bn di b su co xi c tr theo
cng vic lm thm.


Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO.2004. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of
and Transportation Officials, Wahington, DC.
PHN 29: NEO CHN 29 - 1 -

PHN 29: NEO CHN
MC LC

29.1 M T
29.2 S CHN.
29.3 VT LIU..
29.4 PHNG PHP THI CNG.
29.5 KIM TRA V TH NGHIM
29.6 O C.
29.7 THANH TON..
Ti liu vin dn ..

29-2
29-2
29-2
29-2
29-3
29-3
29-3
29-4

PHN 29: NEO CHN 29 - 2 -

PHN 29
NEO CHN

29.1 M T

Cng vic ny bao gm vic lp t v th nghim hin trng cc neo thp
ti ch, bm va, dnh kt bng keo v c chn m rng.
Ch gii: Vic dng cc neo chn l ph bin, nhng lp t v th nghim hin trng
th cha c. Do lp thnh phn mi ny.

29.2 LA CHN S B

Neo b tng bao gm b tng ti ch; h neo dnh kt ton b, bao gm va,
hp cht v cht kt dnh ho hc v neo thp ct chn phi c s chn bng cc
tiu chun th nghim chung c thit k cho php chp thun h neo c dng
cho mi s dng lin kt cng trnh.
Phi tin hnh th nghim keo kt dnh v cc hp cht kt dnh khc ph hp
vi ASTM E1512. Phng php th nghim tiu chun v s kt dnh ca neo dnh
kt.
Phi th nghim neo m rng ph hp vi ASTM D488. Phng php th
nghim tiu chun v cng ca neo trong cc cu kin b tng v xy.
Cu to ca neo chn phi ph hp vi ACI 349 Ph lc B neo chn trong cc
yu cu chun v an ton ht nhn lin quan n kt cu b tng.
Vi cc h neo khc vi neo m rng c hc, Nh thu phi cp cho K s cc
bo co th nghim chng thc ca mt phng th nghim c lp ni r l h c kh
nng t c cng ko ti thiu ca thp chn.

29.3 VT LIU

Phi cung cp cho K s cc bo co th nghim ca nh my chng nhn cc
tnh cht l ho v cng c dng ch to neo.
Epoxy, vinylester hoc hp cht ho hc polyester phi chp nhn c dn
keo. Phi dng keo dn khng nhy vi m, c modun cao, t co ngt v cng
cao.
Cm dng cc ph gia ca va phun v cht dnh kt n mn thp hoc sn
km/ct mi (Zinc/Cadmiun)

29.4 PHNG PHP THI CNG

PHN 29: NEO CHN 29 - 3 -

Phi b tr c ly ti mp, chiu su chn v c ly neo pht tin cng
yu cu ca neo chn. Phi dng ng knh l khoan ng nh quy inh ca nh sn
xut. Phi dng khoan xoay dp, tr khi khoan kim cng ly li c quy nh hoc
th nghim. Nu khi khoan gp ct thp phi chuyn sang v tr khc hoc dng mi
khoan kim cng khoan qua ct thp theo ch dn ca K s. Cc l b i phi bt bng
cht dnh kt c chp thun. Cc l khoan phi lm sch k theo khuyn co ca
nh sn xut.
Nh thu phi ly ht cc vt ri v ht b tng ra khi l khoan, chun b cht
dnh kt v lp neo theo ch dn ca nh sn xut hoc chp thun ca K s.
Phi loi b hoc thay th cc neo chn lp t khng ng cch hoc khng
cng yu cu tho mn K s vi chi ph ca Nh thu.

29.5 KIM TRA V TH NGHIM

ni quy nh phi thc hin ti hin trng th nghim ph hoi ca h neo
ti ti trng ti hn lp h s v kh nng chu lc ca h t c ti trng ko ra
tng ng ton b tr s lc ko ti thiu ca neo c dng. Phi th nghim neo
trn cc mu b tng c bo dng y . Phi th t nht 3 neo theo phng
php ca ASTM E488, tr khi c quy nh khc. Nh thu c th dng bt k h neo
c s chn no tho mn cc yu cu trn.
Phi quy nh cho dng mt h khc t c yu cu lc ko quy nh m
khng lm chm tin , nu th ti ti hin trng chng minh l neo khng t c
tr s lc ko ti thiu, hoc ti trng do K s yu cu nu c qu t b tng pht
trin ton b ti trng do.
Sau khi lp t v bo dng vt liu dnh kt, mi h neo phi c vn ti tr
s lc quy nh ch bng cc phng php vn c chp thun. Nu khng c quy
nh v tr s lc vn, phi ly gi tr khuyn dng ca nh sn xut do K s cp.

29.6 O C

S neo chn lin quan n d n phi l s lng mi kch c neo v phng
ca n cho trong h s hp ng hoc c php dng trong d n. Mi loi neo chn
c lp t t yu cu phi c kim m v tng hp trong h s hp ng theo
h neo v phng ca n nh thng ng, nm ngang v cho, kch c ly theo
ng knh.

29.7 THANH TON

Thanh ton phi da trn khi lng neo chn xc nh trn c s o c mi
loi neo chn v phi bao gm b p y cho vic cung cp nhn cng, vt liu,
dng c, thit b, th nghim v ph ph cn thit lp t mi loi neo.

PHN 29: NEO CHN 29 - 4 -

Ti liu vin dn

ACI.2001. Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety Related Concrete Structures, ACI
349-01, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, Appendix B: Steel
Embedments.
PHN 30: NG NHA DO NHIT 30 - 1 -

PHN 30: NG NHA DO NHIT
MC LC

30.1 TNG QUT.
30.1.1 M t...
30.1.2 Tay ngh v kim tra
30.2 BN V THI CNG.
30.3 VT LIU...
30.3.1 ng nha do nhit..
30.3.2 Vt liu lt mng v t lp kt cu...
30.4 LP RP
30.4.1 Tng qut...
30.4.2 Mi ni ...
30.4.2.1 Tng qut
30.4.2.2 Mi ni hin trng...
30.5 LP T
30.5.1 Cc yu cu lp t chung..
30.5.2 B rng ho
30.5.3 Mng v b mng.
30.5.4 t lp kt cu..
30.5.5 Lp ph ti thiu...
30.5.6 Cc yu cu kim tra
30.5.6.1 Kim tra bng mt.
30.5.6.2 Bin dng lp t..
30.6 O C..................................................................................................
30.7 THANH TON.........................................................................................
Ti liu vin dn..............................................................................................

30-2
30-2
30-2
30-2
30-2
30-2
30-2
30-3
30-3
30-3
30-3
30-3
30-3
30-3
30-4
30-4
30-5
30-5
30-6
30-6
30-6
30-7
30-7
30-9


PHN 29
NG NHA DO NHIT

30.1 TNG QUT

30.1 .1 M t

Cng vic ny bao gm vic cung cp, lp t v kim tra ng nha do nhit,
ph hp vi Tiu chun ny v h s hp ng.
Ch gii: ng nha do nhit dng trong tiu chun ny c nh ngha trong Phn
12 Kt cu vi v o hm trong Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD.
Xem phn 12 Kt cu vi v o hm trong Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO
LRFD v Thc hnh tiu chun v lp t ngm ng nha do nhit cho thot nc v
cc dng trng lc khc v cc hng dn b sung.

30.1.2 Tay ngh v kim tra
Mi vt liu ng nha do nhit phi ph hp vi cc yu cu tay ngh v kim
tra ca AASHTO M278, M294 hoc M304; hoc ASTM F679, F714, F194 hoc F894
ph hp.

30.2 BN V THI CNG

ni quy nh hoc K s yu cu Nh thu phi cung cp ch dn lp t ca
nh sn xut hoc bn v thi cng v tnh ton chng minh chi tit cho php xem
xt v kt cu. Phi cung cp bn sao tho mn yu cu ca K s v cc c quan
c quyn xem xt khc. Phi trnh trc y cc bn v thi cng ca lp t kin
ngh s dng c th xem xt, sa i nu cn v chp thun m khng lm chm
tr cng vic. Nh thu khng c bt u thi cng bt k lp t ng nha do nhit
no cn c bn v thi cng cho ti khi bn v c K s chp thun. Vic chp thun
ny khng gii thot cho Nh thu khi trch nhim v kt qu t c do s dng
cc bn v hoc bt k trch nhim no khc theo hp ng.

30.3 VT LIU

30.3.1 ng nha do nhit
ng polyethylene phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M294 hoc ASTM
F714 hoc F894.
ng poly, tc l Vinyl Choloride hoc PVC phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M278, ASTM M304, ASTM F679 hoc ASTM F794.

30.3.2 Vt liu lt mng v t lp kt cu.

Lt mng v t lp kt cu phi tho mn cc yu cu ca AASHTO M145, A-
1, A-2-4, A-2-5 hoc A-3. Vt liu lt mng phi c kch c ht ln nht l 300mm. t
lp ng nha do nhit phi khng c cht hu c, c kch thc ln hn 40mm
hoc cc bng. m phi trong bin ti u thng l -3% n +2% c th m
ln y . Cn xem xt kh nng lt cc ht nh t vt liu lin k vo t lp cp
phi h v vt liu lt mng.
Vi cc loi hnh ng khng trn mt ngoi, tc l cc ng gn sng hoc c
vch prfin cn chn cp phi t lp cho php lp y cc gn sng hoc rnh prfin.
Vt liu lp dng chy nh va cng thp c khng ch -CLSM hoc vt
lp t trng c khng ch-CDF c th dng lm vt liu lp v lt mng, min l c
sc khng lc ni c th t c bng kp cht, cn bng trng lng hoc k
thut lp. Vi vt liu lp CLSM, b rng ho c th gim ti thi thiu bng ng
knh ngoi ca ng cng 300mm. Khi dng CLSM mi mi ni phi c m k.

30.4 LP RP

30.4.1 Tng qut
Phi lp rp ng nha do nhit ph hp vi ch dn ca nh sn xut. Tt c
cc ng phi d khng ti v cu vi s cn thn hp l. Khng c ln hoc ko
ng trn si v trnh va vo hoc cc vt cng khc trong khi t vo ho hoc
t trn lp lt mng.
ng nha do nhit phi lp trn b bt u t ca pha h lu.

30.4.2 Mi ni
30.4.2.1 Tng qut
Cc mi ni ng nha do nhit phi tho mn cc yu cu lm vic kn t, tr
khi c quy nh l kn nc.
Ch gii: Kn nc da trn cc yu cu thit k. Cc mc p sut kn nc c dng
l 0,015, 0,035, 0,070 MPa.
30.4.2.2 Mi ni hin trng
Cc mi ni phi lp sao cho lin kt ca cc t ng hnh thnh tuyn dng
chy khng c cc ch chy khng u.
Ch gii: C th c c cc mi ni hin trng theo cc loi hnh lin kt sau:
Cc di gn sng (c hoc khng c m k).
ng u lt u bc kiu m dng (c hoc khng c m k).
Hai u bc ghp i (c hoc khng c m k).

30.5 LP T

30.5.1 Cc yu cu lp t chung
Phi o ho sao cho m bo cc bn s n nh trong mi iu kin lm vic.
Tng ho phi nh dc hoc chng ph hp vi mi tiu chun an ton. Ch m

ho c th duy tr an ton. Tt c cc ho phi c lp li cng sm cng tt,
cng khng chm hn cui mi ngy lm vic.
Cu to ho bao gm mng, b mng, hng, t lp ban u, t lp cui cng,
vng ng v chiu rng ho phi lm nh cho trong Hnh 30.5-1

Lt mng t
100 - 150 mm
Vng hng
Mng
Lt mng gia
(xem iu 30.5.1-1)
Do/3
B rng ho
t

l
p

k
t

c
u
Vng hng (xem
iu 30.5.4)
V
n
g

c
h
n
g
3
0
0

Hnh 30.5-1 Cu to ho

30.5.2 B rng ho
Chiu rng ho phi m bo khng gian lm vic, t ng an ton v lu
ln vng hng v t lp khc. Khng gian gia ng v tng ho cn rng hn thit b
lu ln dng trong vng ng. Chiu rng ho ti thiu phi bng 1,5 ln ng knh
ngoi ca ng cng thm 300mm. Vic xc nh chiu rng ho trong t khng n
nh, khng c chng phi bao gm vic xt n kch c ng, cng ca t
lp v t ti ch, chiu cao lp ph v cc iu kin ring ti ch ph hp. Phi o
ho ti chiu rng, chiu su v cao cho trong bn v v/hoc bi K s.

30.5.3 Mng v b mng
Mng v b mng phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 30.3.2 v phi lm theo
yu cu ca K s theo iu kin y ho. Phi cung cp b mng ng u v n
nh cho ng v cc ch li ra ca mi ni v/hoc cc linh kin. Phn gia ca lt
mng bng 1/3 ng knh ngoi (OD) ca ng cn lt bng vt liu ri rc, trong khi
phn cn li phi lu ln ti t nht 90% ca t trng ti a theo AASHTO T99. Phi lm
lp lt mng dy t nht 100mm trc khi t ng, tr khi c quy nh khc.
Khi gp hoc t cng y ho phi lm lp lt mng dy t nht 150mm
di y ng.

Khi t y ho khng n nh, phi o ti su theo yu cu ca K s v
thay bng mng ph hp. Phi dng t c cp phi ph hp khi iu kin ti ch c
th gy ra lt cc ht nh v mt chng ng.

30.5.4 t lp kt cu
t lp kt cu phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 30.3.2. t lp kt cu phi
v lu ln thnh lp ri khng vt qu 200mm, ng u v ng thi hai bn
ng ti cao khng t hn 300mm pha trn nh ng. t lp kt cu phi a vo
vng hng v lu ln bng tay.
cht ti thiu phi t 90% t trng tiu chun theo AASHTO T99. C th cn
cng c lu ln c bit vng hng nh cho trong Hnh 30.5.4-1. Mi thit b lu ln
dng trong phm vi 900mm ca ng phi c K s chp thun. Khng c php
ngm hoc phun nc vo t lp t c cht nu khng c php bng
vn bn ca K s.
Vt liu lp vng ngoi 300mm pha trn ng ti cao cui cng phi c
la chn, lp v lu ln tho mn chu ti, mt ng v cc yu cu khc pha trn
ng.

30.5.5 Lp ph ti thiu
Cn duy tr b dy lp ph ti thiu pha trn ng trc khi cho php xe c hoc
thit b thi cng nng i qua ho ng. K s cn xc nh b dy lp ph ti thiu da
trn vic nh gi iu kin ring ca d n. Vt liu chn lp t t trng ti thiu cho
trong iu 30.5.4 t lp kt cu phi ph t nht 600mm trc khi cho xe c hoc
thit b thi cng i qua mt ho. Lp ph ti thiu cho ti trng thi cng phi nh cho
trong Bng 30.5.5-1. Khng c dng my lu ln loi m thu lc bn trn ng.
Ch gii: ng knh ln hn 1200mm trong Bng 30.5.5-1 ch l thng tin. Xem cc
Bng A11-12, A12-12 v A12-13 v kch thc danh nh ca Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD.

Bng 30.5.5-1 Lp ph ti thiu cho ti trng thi cng

ng knh ng danh nh
mm
Lp ph ti thiu, mm, cho ti trng trc ch nh.
kN
80-220 220-330 330-490 490-670
600-915 600 750 900 900
1050-1220 900 900 1050 1200
1350-1525 900 900 1050 1200

Lp ph ti thiu phi o t nh ng ti nh mt ng thi cng c duy tr.
Nu khng thm mt ng phi duy tr b mt ny.


30.5.6 Cc yu cu kim tra
30.5.6.1 Kim tra bng mt
Mi cng u phi c kim tra trong v sau khi lp t m bo lm vic
tt. Lm b mng v t lp cng nh ri v lu ln chng phi xc nh l tho mn
cc yu cu ca phn ny.
Trong cc giai on u ca qu trnh lp t, vic kim tra phi tp trung vo
pht hin thc hnh sai v tay ngh ti. Cc sai lm v tuyn v cao cng nh k
thut lp rp hoc lp t khng ng phi c chnh n trc khi ri t lp hoc
lp ho ng k. Cc ai ni phi nh s ng theo gn sng v kn kht, cc mi ni
lng ghp phi lp ng phng cc ht t nh lt vo. Ni dng m k phi k
ng phng nc ngm lt vo v cn k ng u quanh ng. Ch pht hin nt
hoc mi ni b tch phi trnh k hoch sa cha hoc thay th chp thun.
Phi tin hnh kim tra cui cng bn trong tt c cc lp t ng nha do
nhit nh gi cc vn c th nh hng n s lm vic lu di. Phi tin hnh
kim tra khng sm hn 30 ngy sau hki hon thnh lp t v lp t cui cng.
Phi kim tra cc lp t c lp ph nng m bo c c mc ph ti
thiu.
Ch gii:
Vic kim tra nhng thi im thch hp trong khi lp t s pht hin v cho
php sa cha cc vn v tuyn ng v cao , mi ni v thay i hnh dng Thi
gian v s ln yu cu kim tra s thay i tu theo tm quan trng v su lp t.
Khuyn co Nh thu t thc hin cc kim tra ban u trnh cc vn sau .
Hin tng vn ngang hoc lm thng ng cong ng cho thy phng php lp t
khng ng phi c sa li. Hnh dng mt ct ngang hi nh ln c xem l biu
hin ca vic thc thi cc yu cu lu ln tt.
S c kt ca t tip tc theo thi gian sau khi lp t ng. Khi m 30 ngy
khng bao c khung thi gian t hon thnh c kt quanh ng, nh l c thi
gian quan st cc tc ng c th c ca c kt. Song i khi mt ng li c
lm qua ng sm hn 30 ngy. Khi m gii hn 30 ngy c m bo, vic kim tra
nhanh trc khi lm mt ng qua cng nht l vi lt u, nn cn thn m
bo k thut thi cng tt c p dng.
Khuyn co nhn vin kim tra khng chui vo cng c ng knh nh hn
600mm. Vic kim tra bn trong cc cng c ny tt nht l dng my quay video. Ch
nhn vin kim tra c o to lm vic trong khng gian hn ch v dng cc
phng php ph hp vi quy ch thch hp ca a phng hoc quc gia mi c
vo cng.
30.5.6.2 Bin dng (vng) lp t
ng phi c nh gi xem ng knh trong ca vnh ng c b gim qu 5%
khi o khng trc 30 ngy sau khi hon thnh lp t khng.
Phi kim tra bin dng ng bng mt li o (mandrel) hoc dng c khc c
K s chp thun c th kim tra vt l kch thc ng m khng b gii hn bi nh
sng yu, dng chy, chiu di ng hoc cc iu kin hn ch khc ca mi trng
lp t. Cng ln hn 600mm c th vo v o trc tip cc mc bin dng.
Trong mi lp t ng t nht 10% ca tng chiu di ng ca d n phi c
K s chn ngu nhin v kim tra bin dng. Cng vy, nh vic xc nh 100% im
kim tra bng mt trong iu 30.5.6.1, mi khu vc bin dng c th pht hin bng
mt phi c kim tra bin dng.

ch o trc tip, c mi 3000 mm chiu di ng o mt ln, yu cu ti thiu
4 s o cho mt lp t ng.
Nu dng mt li o th bin dng, li phi c chn (hoc s l ln hn) tay
o, K s phi nh c v kim tra trc khi th. Phi dng mt vng th nh c
chun kim tra v th chnh xc ca li o. Li o cn dng thng hoc cp ko
qua ng bng tay. ni ph hp c th ni puli vo h ny thay i hng ko sao
cho nhn vin kim tra khng cn chui vo ng hoc h thm.
Vi nhng ch bin dng ng vt qu 5% ng knh trong, Nh thu phi s
dng k s chuyn nghip nh gi v np bo co cho K s r sot v chp
thun qua xem xem tnh nghim trng ca bin dng, tnh ton vn kt cu, iu kin
mi trng v tui th thit k ca ng. Phi yu cu sa cha hoc thay th ng
nhng ch m kt qu nh gi l bin dng c th c vn . Vi nhng ch bin
dng vt qu 7,5% ng knh trong cn sa cha hoc thay th ng.
Ch gii: Cc tiu ch kim tra l mi b sung vo tiu chun v tiu chun trc y c
rt t ch dn. 10% ca mi lp t ng phi hiu l 10% ca s chiu di ng v khng
t hn 10% ca tng chiu di ng c lp t ca d n. Yu cu th bin dng ca
10% ca mi lp t ng ch l ti thiu v khng hn ch Ch u t c cc yu cu
nghim khc hn.
Nh ch to ng cn cung cp ng knh trong cho mi loi hnh v kch c
ng bn giao. Nu ng knh trong ca ng khng c cp hoc khng c sn,
ng knh trong ng c th ly ng knh trung bnh o c 8 v tr cch u
nhau quanh mt ct ng khng ti cho mi kch c v mi nh sn xut.
C nhiu phng php thch hp sn c o bin dng, bao gm thit b kim
tra video, li o v cc dng c o trc tip khc. Vi cc ng c th bng li o, li
o phi ko qua ton b ng. D dng phng php no o bin dng th 10% ca
tng chiu di ng lp t phi c th, ngoi ra mi khu vc c nhn dng
bng mt l c bin dng cng phi th.
vng cc ng lp vt qu 5% ca ng knh trong ban u c th cho
thy l vic lp t khng t chun. Vic sa cha thch hp nu c s ph thuc vo
tnh nghim trng ca vng, iu kin ng v vic nh gi h s an ton trong
Phn 12 Kt cu vi v o hm ca Tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD. vng
ca ng lp t vt qu 7,5% ca ng knh trong ban u cn yu cu sa cha
hoc thay th.

30.6 O C

Phi o lp t ng theo mt di lp ti ch hon thin v c chp thun.
S mt di phi l cc chiu di o theo tim ng.

30.7 THANH TON

Chiu di o c trn y s c thanh ton theo gi hp ng theo mt di
b thu cho c ng do nhit quy nh. Gi v vic thanh ton ny phi bao gm n
b y cho vic cung cp, bc d v lp t ng v cho mi vt liu, nhn cng,
thit b, dng c v ph ph cn thit cho vic hon thnh hng mc ny. Gi v vic

thanh ton ny cng bao gm vic o t, vt liu lt nn, t lp, tng u, tng
cui v mng ng.

Phn cn li ca trang ny c c tnh trng.

Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO.2007. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 4
th
Edition, LRFDUS-4 or
LRFDSI-4, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,

th

PHN 31: KT CU NHM 31 - 1 -

PHN 31
KT CU NHM

Cng ging nh Tiu chun thit k cu 22TCN 272.05, phn ny c b
trng, do thc t cha c nhu cu. Khi cn s b sung cng lc c hai Tiu chun
song hnh cho ng b.
Ngoi ra AASHTO cn c Tiu chun hng dn cho cu ng b bng nhm
ring (AASHTO Guide Specifications for Aluminum Highway Bridges, 1991) c th dng
thit k v thi cng cu bng nhm khi c yu cu.
PHN 32: B TRUYN VA P 32 - 1 -

PHN 32: B TRUYN VA P
MC LC

32.1 TNG QUT
32.2 BN V THI CNG.
32.3 VT LIU..
32.3.1 Thp
32.3.2 Cht lng bn trong..
32.3.3 ng gi, bc d v lu kho...
32.3.4 Sn xut/Ch to..
32.3.4.1 Tng qut
32.3.4.2 B phn c kh lin kt.
32.3.4.3 Dung sai lin kt
32.4 TH NGHIM V NGHIM THU..
32.4.1 Th nghim s chn
32.4.2 Th nghim nguyn mu.
32.4.2.1Tng qut.
32.4.2.2 Th nghim p lc thu tnh
32.4.2.3 Th nghim dch chuyn chm (do nhit).
32.4.2.4 Th nghim dch chuyn nhanh..
32.4.2.5 Th nghim m phng ng
32.4.2.6 Th nghim vt ti.
32.4.2.7 Th nghim ti trng mi.
32.4.3 Th nghim kim tra
32.4.3.1 Tng qut
32.4.3.3 Th nghim dch chuyn chm (do nhit).
32.4.3.4 Th nghim dch chuyn nhanh..
32.5 S TAY .
32.5.1 S tay lp t.
32.5.2 S tay bo tr v kim tra.
Ti liu vin dn ...

32-2
32-2
32-3
32-3
32-3
32-4
32-4
32-4
32-4
32-4
32-4
32-4
32-5
32-5
32-5
32-5
32-5
32-6
32-6
32-6
32-6
32-6
32-7
32-7
32-7
32-7
32-7
32-8
32-8
32-10


PHN 32
B TRUYN VA P

32.1 TNG QUT

Cng vic ny gm c vic cung cp v lp t cc b truyn va p (STU) v
b phn c kh gn vo kt cu cu. STU v b phn c kh phi c lm ph hp
vi cc chi tit cho trong h s hp ng v cc quy nh ny. Khi cc chi tit y
khng c cp, STU v b phn c kh phi c cp ph hp vi cc chi tit hn
ch cho trong h s hp ng v phi cp kh nng chu ti trng v dch chuyn thit
k ti thiu v ti a v cc tnh nng lm vic quy nh.
Ch gii: B truyn va p (Shock Transmission Unit - STU) l mt b phn c ch
to dng lin kt gia cc cu kin cu lm cho chng c th dch chuyn t do khi
ti trng tc ng chm nh do thay i nhit , nhng li lm vic nh mt lin kt
cng c kh nng truyn c lc di ti trng tc ng nhanh do hm xe hoc do va
p v ng t.

32.2 BN V THI CNG

Khi m chi tit y ca STU v b phn c kh khng cho trong h s hp
ng, Nh thu phi chun b v np bn v thi cng v STU v b phn c kh. Cc
bn v ny phi cho cu to v kch thc bn ngoi ca STU v b phn c kh
ngh dng v phi c K s chp thun trc khi ch to. Vic chp thun ny
khng gii thot cho Nh thu khi bt k trch nhim no theo h s hp ng cho
vic hon thnh tt p cng trnh.
Phi quy nh cc vic sau y trong bn v thi cng:
tng s lng STU yu cu, tp hp theo mc chu ti v mc gii hn dch
chuyn,
trng lng mi STU,
b tr mt bng v cc mt ct ng cho mi kch thc lin quan, bao gm
cc kch thc cho nhit lp t d kin ca mi STU v b phn c kh,
nhit thit k ti thiu v ti a ca STU,
lc cn ti a mc dch chuyn quy nh do thay i nhit gy ra cho
mi STU,
tng kh nng dch chuyn ca mi STU,
kh nng chu ti nh mc ti a ca mi STU,
dch chuyn ti a gy ra bi mi chu k khi chu ti trng ng,
cc loi vt liu c dng cho mi STU v b phn c kh,
vt liu sn hoc ph c dng,
bn v nh tuyn cho STU ch r dung sai v tuyn trn phi lp STU,
s lp rp,

tnh ton thit k ca b phn c kh c iu chnh ph hp vi yu cu
chu ti nu h s hp ng i hi,
chi tit ca b phn c kh,
a im sn xut STU v nh ch to b phn c kh, v
tn nh sn xut v tn ngi i din chu trch nhim iu phi sn xut,
kim tra, ly mu v th nghim.

32.3 VT LIU

32.3.1 Thp
Tr khi ghi ch khc i trong h s hp ng, b phn lin kt c kh phi tho
mn cc yu cu ca thp AASHTO M270/M 270 (ASTM A709/A 709M) Cp 50 (cp
345). Cc b phn kim loi khc ca STU, tr cn pttng, phi tho mn yu cu ca
SAE 1026 (s tay SAE 2004) hoc tng ng.
Cn pttng phi tho mn cc yu cu ca ASTM A240/A 240M, loi 304L, thp
khng g hoc tng ng.
Bu lng phi tho mn cc yu cu ca AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325)
((AASHTO M 164M (ASTM A 325M)), Loi I, tr khi quy nh khc i trong h s hp
ng.
Ch gii: H bo v chng n mn dng cho STU cn l cng mt h dng cho cu.
Nn dng thp phong ho khng sn ph gim yu cu bo tr. Tuy nhin c th
dng hon thin bng m tiu chun trn cc b phn l ra. M bo v cn pttng
c lm bng vt liu neoprene c tng cng v bn. Cn pttng bng thp
khng g c bo v bng m ng trong m neoprene. Trch nhim ca nh thit k
l xc nh vic bo v kiu ng gi ny c tho mn iu kin l ra trong sut tui
th d kin ca STU khng. Nu cn bo v thm phi ghi r trong quy nh c bit
ca d n. Nu vic th nghim bn ring c yu cu nh l iu kin nghim
thu, cc yu cu phi do nh thit k quy nh nh mt phn ca t hng. Phi ch
c bit hng vo vic bo v chng n mn cho h neo c cn vt qu vic bo v
cc cu kin cu khc khng.
Cc iu kin mi trng cn xt ti l:
ven bin (mui bin),
cng nghip,
kh nng b ngp chu k do l,
mui tan bng v bn (di cc khe ni cu),
phun ct v trong khi sn li,
t chim, v
nh sng t ngoi v vt l ozon ca neoprene.

32.3.2 Cht lng bn trong
Nh sn xut phi xc nh cht lng dng bn trong STU cung p kh nng
khng va p ca STU. Khi vt liu l c quyn, h s hp ng phi quy dnh nh

sn xut cn chng minh cc yu cu thit k ca STU c th c tho mn qua
chng trnh th nghim. Cht lng vn hnh dng trong STU phi l cht c OSHA
chp thun (xem tham kho), khng c, khng chy, l cht lng hoc bt (putty) gc
silicone. Nh sn xut phi cp chng ch v vt liu trong mi STU cng l vt liu
c dng trong chng trnh th nghim.

32.3.3 ng gi, bc d v lu kho
Trc khi vn chuyn khi ni sn xut, STU phi c ng gi sao cho m
bo trong qu trnh vn chuyn v lu kho cc STU phi c bo v chng h hng
do bc d v thi tit hoc mi nguy him thng thng khc. Mi kin hng phi
c nh du ch r s nhn dng STU, nng lc nh mc, tn nh sn xut v tn
d n.
Mi STU phi c lu gi ti hin trng trong khu vc c bo v khi mi
trng v h hi vt l. Khi lp t, STU v b phn c kh phi c lm sch khi
mi vt l.
Khng c tho STU ti hin trng tr khi tuyt i cn thit phi kim tra
hoc lp t. Khng c m hoc tho STU ti hin trng tr khi c s gim st
trc tip hoc chp thun ca nh sn xut.

32.3.4 Sn xut/Ch to
32.3.4.1 Tng qut
Nh sn xut phi chng thc l mi STU u tho mn yu cu ca h s hp
ng v cc quy nh ny. Mi b phi c ng du ln STU con s nhn dng,
nng lc nh mc, tn nh sn xut v tn d n. Cc STU bao gm b phn c kh
km theo phi c nh sn xut lp sn xng v kim tra tnh y , dung sai v
hnh hc trc khi vn chuyn ti hin trng.
32.3.4.2 B phn c kh lin kt
B phn c kh dng ni STU vo kt cu phn di v/hoc kt cu phn
trn phi c ch to ph hp vi Phn 11 Kt cu thp.
32.3.4.3 Dung sai lin kt
Sai lch gia ng knh cht v ng knh l ti a l 250 mm.

32.4 TH NGHIM V NGHIM THU

Phi th nghim tt c cc b truyn va p kim tra s lm vic ca chng
v cc tnh cht thit k di dch chuyn chm, dch chuyn nhanh v chu ti chu k.
Ni chung c 3 loi th nghim cn thc hin trn mt STU:
th nghim la chn s b (th nghim c trng ca h) c m t trong
iu 32.4.1.
th nghim nguyn mu, c m t trong iu 32.4.2, v
th nghim kim tra (th nghim kim tra cht lng) c m t trong iu
32.4.3.


Ch gii: Ngi thit k cn la chn cc yu cu th nghim v tui th s dng ca
thit b, c th l 25 n 75 nm ph thuc vo vic bo tr thch hp do Ch u t
thc hin. Nu mt p dng no cn tui th s dng di hoc ngn hn ng k,
cn xem xt sa i thch hp cc yu cu th nghim theo tui th mi.

32.4.1 Th nghim la chn s b
Phi kim tra s lm vic v cc tnh cht c bn ca STU trc khi c th a
vo s dng. Nhng th nghim ny bao gm th nghim b phn, b lp rp v tnh
y kt cu ca c STU. Ti thiu phi tin hnh nhng th nghim ny theo ch
dn th nghim bin son bi nhm nh gi ca Trung tm i mi cng ngh ng
b HITEC (xem sch tham kho).
Ch gii: Cc th nghim la chn s b ny khng phi ring cho d n. Chng c
tin hnh thit lp cc tnh cht ca STU khi pht trin mt b mi hoc mt phng
n khc ng k so vi b hin c cn c nh gi.

32.4.2 Th nghim nguyn mu
32.4.2.1Tng qut
Phi kim tra bng th nghim nguyn mu STU dng trong thit k v phn
tch v sc khng v hnh trnh di dch chuyn chm v lc chn li di dch
chuyn nhanh. Phi thc hin mi th nghim mt phng th nghim c lp c
K s chp thun. Phi thc hin mi th nghim vi s c mt ca K s tr khi
c K s chp thun khc i bng vn bn. Cc th nghim ny c th tin hnh
nhit ti ch.
Phi thc hin th nghim nguyn mu xc nh y t nht mt STU cho mi
loi hnh.
Ch gii: Mc ch ca cc th nghim ny l nh gi s lm vic ca STU vi hai
iu kin thit k gm cc dch chuyn chm khng chn li v cc dch chuyn nhanh
chn li trong phm vi nhit v iu kin cht ti t nht bng nh v tr d n.
Phi th STU trong t nht 3 pht 150% p lc ti a bn trong theo tnh ton
kim tra tnh ton vn kt cu ca ranh gii p lc cao. Phi nn v bt kn STU
trong khi th. Cc s o p lc ban u v cui cng phi ghi li.
NGHIM THU: Khng c du hiu r r di p lc. p lc thu tnh khng c
gim qu 5% trong khi th.
32.4.2.3 Th nghim dch chuyn chm (do nhit)
STU phi di dch trong 3 chu k lin tc v y tc chm v hnh trnh
ti a do K s quy nh kim tra s hot ng v chuyn v ca n. Phi ghi li trn
th lin tc ca ti trng v chuyn v.
NGHIM THU: Khng c du hiu r r trong vn hnh. Khng c du hiu b
kt cu trong vn hnh. Lc cn di dch STU khng c vt qu 10% lc nh
mc danh nh hoc do K s quy nh. STU khng b chn li trong khi th.
Ch gii: Lc nh mc danh nh ca STU l Pr.
32.4.2.4 Th nghim dch chuyn nhanh

Phi ton b lc nh mc danh nh tc ng ln STU mc dch chuyn
nhanh do K s quy nh. Phi th STU c 2 chiu nn v ko nhng khng cn l
chu k. Phi ghi li trn th lin tc quan h ti trng v chuyn v.
NGHIM THU: STU phi b chn trong vng 12mm hoc theo quy nh ca K
s im dch chuyn bng khng. Phi ly chuyn v b chn l chuyn v t
c cng khng i. Chuyn v im b chn ti ti trng th nghim ti a
khng c vt qu 12mm hoc nh quy nh ca K s. cng ca mi STU
trong sut bin lc t khi b chn ti ti trng th nghim ti a khng c thay i
qu 10%. B STU phi khng c du hiu r r hoc b kt.
32.4.2.5 Th nghim m phng ng
Phi th nghim STU xc nh kh nng ca b phn ny chn li khi chu ti
trng ng. Mi b phi cho lc ko tc ng trong t hn 0,5 giy hoc theo quy nh
ca K s, lc ny c duy tr trong 5 giy. cui 5 giy chu ko STU phi chuyn
sang cho chu nn trong vng 1 giy hoc theo quy nh ca K s. Lc nn ny s gi
trong 5 giy. Lc ko v nn ny phi bng nhau v phi t nht bng 3 ln lc chn
xc nh trong iu 32.4.3.4. Th nghim dch chuyn nhanh, nhng khng ln hn
lc nh mc danh nh.
Phi ghi li trn th lin tc quan h lc - chuyn v
NGHIM THU: Chuyn v gia im ti trng bng khng v im ti trng ti a
khng c vt qu 12mm hoc nh quy nh ca K s c giai on chu ti ban
u hoc trong giai on chu ti ngc li. Chuyn v trong phn duy tr ti trng ca
th nghim khng c vt qu 12mm hoc nh K s quy nh.
32.4.2.6 Th nghim vt ti
STU phi c cht ti bng 1,5 ln lc nnh mc danh nh tc nhanh
lm cho STU b chn li, sau gi ti trng ny trong 30 giy hoc nh K s quy
nh.
NGHIM THU: STU phi khng c du hiu r r hoc kt.
Ch gii: Mc ch ca th nghim ny l m bo STU s lm vic tt nu lc nh
mc danh nh b vt qu trong khai thc.
32.4.2.7 Th nghim ti trng mi
STU phi c th ti trng lp vi 100.000 chu k lin tc v y tc
(tn s) do K s quy nh v ti trng bng lc nh mc danh nh (Pr) ca STU.
NGHIM THU: STU phi khng c du hiu r r hoc kt.
Ch gii: Mc ch ca th nghim ny l xc nh xem STU c th chu c
nhiu chu k ti trng c th xy ra do hm xe trn cu ng b vi cc tc ng hm
xe ln khng. Kch bn xu nht v chu ti khai thc ca STU l vic tc ng ca ti
trng hm xe bng ti trng chn 4 ln mt ngy cho tui th thit k 75 nm do
AASHTO LRFD quy nh. iu ny gn bng 100.000 chu k ti trng.
(4 chu k/ngy x 365 ngy/nm x 75 nm tui th = 109.500; dng 100.000)
Xem iu 3.6.4 Lc hm xe v cch p dng trong Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD.

32.4.3 Th nghim kim tra
32.4.3.1 Tng qut

Phi tin hnh th nghim ny trn mi STU s a vo trong kt cu. Mi th
nghim phi c tin hnh mt phng th nghim c lp c K s chp thun.
Phi thc hin mi th nghim vi s c mt ca K s, tr khi c K s chp
thun khc i bng vn bn. Cc th nghim ny c th tin hnh nhit xung
quanh.
Cc th nghim kim tra phi bao gm nh c m t trong cc iu 32.4.3.2
n 32.4.3.4.
Phi th STU trong t nht 3 pht 150% p lc ti a bn trong theo tnh ton
kim tra tnh ton vn kt cu ca ranh gii p lc cao. Phi nn v bt kn STU
trong khi th. Cc s o p lc ban u v cui cng phi ghi li.
NGHIM THU: Khng c du hiu r r di p lc. p lc thu tnh khng c
gim qu 5% trong khi th.
32.4.3.3 Th nghim dch chuyn chm (do nhit)
STU phi di dch trong 3 chu k lin tc v y tc chm v hnh trnh
ti a do K s quy nh kim tra s hot ng v chuyn v ca n. Phi ghi li trn
th lin tc ca ti trng v chuyn v.
NGHIM THU: Khng c du hiu r r trong vn hnh. Khng c du hiu b
kt cu trong vn hnh. Lc cn di dch STU khng c vt qu 10% lc nh
mc danh nh hoc do K s quy nh. STU khng b chn li trong khi th.
Ch gii: Lc nh mc danh nh ca STU l Pr.
32.4.3.4 Th nghim dch chuyn nhanh
Phi ton b lc nh mc danh nh tc ng ln STU mc dch chuyn
nhanh do K s quy nh. Phi th STU c 2 chiu nn v ko nhng khng cn l
chu k. Phi ghi li trn th lin tc quan h ti trng v chuyn v.
NGHIM THU: STU phi b chn trong vng 12mm hoc theo quy nh ca K s
im dch chuyn bng khng. Phi ly chuyn v b chn l chuyn v t c
cng khng i. Chuyn v im b chn ti ti trng th nghim ti a khng
c vt qu 12mm hoc nh quy nh ca K s. cng ca mi STU trong sut
bin lc t khi b chn ti ti trng th nghim ti a khng c thay i qu 10%.
B STU phi khng c du hiu r r hoc b kt.

32.5 S TAY

32.5.1 S tay lp t
Nh sn xut phi cp s tay lp t bao gm cc ch dn c trng m bo
trnh t lp t ng v STU. Phi bao gm cc hng mc sau:
tn ngi i din nh sn xut s cung cp tr gip v khuyn co trong khi
lp STU,
cc kch thc tuyn lp t, nhit lp t v chiu di lp t l tng
ca STU,
cu to ca mi thit b lp t yu cu v quy trnh y , bao gm dung
sai cng nh ch dn s dng chng,

bn v phn xng ca STU v b phn lin kt chng vo cu kin cu,
bao gm dung sai i vi cc cu kin thit yu v chi tit lin kt,
cc yu cu lu kho cc STU ti hin trng trong khi ch lp t, v
bin php cch in ca STU ni c kh nng xy ra n mn ho in
hoc in phn.

32.5.2 S tay bo tr v kim tra
Nh sn xut phi cung cp s tay bao gm cc ch dn ring m bo vic
bo tr tt v cc bin php kim tra STU trong khai thc.Cn bao gm cc hng mc
sau:
Thng tin nh v kim tra ci g, ci g cn quan tm (tc l np cn pittng
ko tr li, nu c, tm xem c r r khng). Bao gm mi vic phng cn
thit trnh h hng m v thit b.
Thng tin v loi m dng cho phn cn pittng l ra v chu k bi trn.
Ch dn v xem xt cc l kim tra, cc im bi m v.v
Ch dn v tho v lp li STU, bao gm s ca mi thit b chuyn mn
cn thit.
Khi h s hp ng yu cu, phi cung cp cc chi tit ca dng c v thit
b cn thit cho php th nghim kim tra STU kim tra kh nng di
chuyn khi gn trong kt cu.
Ch dn v mi ln kim tra (thng l 2 nm mt ln) v sau mi trn ng
t ng k t nht phi bao gm cc vic sau:
Thc hin vic kim tra bng mt h neo m bo khng b h hng.
Xc nh nhu cu nhn lc bo tr lm sch STU v cc neo ca n
phng n mn tng nhanh.
Xc nh nhu cu sn li/ph li thit b.
Phi kim tra k lng tt c STU trn cu v cc du hiu r r. Nu khi
kim tra m thy r r, thng bo cho lc lng bo tr tho m v kim
tra h hng ca cn pittng.
Kim tra nhng thay i v tuyn t hoc iu kin cho thy STU tri qua
chu lc khng mong i v.v
Mi 6 nm hoc theo quy nh ca Ch u t, thng bo cho lc lng bo
tr m kho ci m v xem xt iu kin ca cn pittng cng nh xc nh
xem cht lng bn trong c b r r r rng khng.
Mi 10 nm, thng bo cho lc lng bo tr cho STU chu ti theo la chn
ca Ch u t theo cch m bo cho STU trin khai c ti trng nh
mc.


Phi o v thanh ton cc STU theo s lng b c lp t v nghim thu
nh cho trong h s hp ng hoc theo lnh ca K s.

n gi hp ng thanh ton cho cc STU phi bao gm chi ph bi hon y
cho vic cung cp mi lao ng, vt t, cng c, thit b v ph ph v mi vic lm
lin quan n lp t STU (bao gm th nghim) y ti ch nh quy nh trong
Tiu chun ny, trong h s hp ng v theo ch dn ca K s.
Ch gii: Mt s c quan chn thanh ton ring cho vic th nghim, nht l khi xt
n vic th nghim b khc t.


Ti liu vin dn

AASHTO.2004. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 3rd Edition, LRFDUS-3
or LRFDSI-3, American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials,


Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center (HITEC), a service center of the Civil
Engineering Research Foundation (CERF).

SAE.2004. Chemical Composition of SAE Carbon Steels, SAE J403, SAE Handbook,
Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.

Tccs 02.2010-Tieu Chuan Thi Cong Cau Duong Bo Aashto

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