- 2

GPS

GPS

:



GPS

GPS Leica SR 20

GPS - Leica Geo Office

Leica SR 20

GPS Leica SR20

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- GPS
GPS (Global Positioning
System) 1973 . .
NAVSTAR GPS NAVigation Satellite Timing and
Ranging Global Positioning System.
24
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GPS



WGS'84
(World Geodetic System).

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.

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GPS Leica SR 20.


Leica SR 20
Leica SR 20.

GPS -

:

selenski segment

ontrolen segment

orisni~ki segment

Vselenskiot segment e sostaven od najmalku 24 sateliti ko orbitiraat

okolu zemjata na visina od 20200km vo 6 orbiti. Sekoja orbita ima po 4 sateliti
ko ja obikoluvaat zemjata za 11 58min. Orbitite po koj kru`at satelitite se na
rastojanie od 60 stepeni i 55 stepeni vo odnos na ekvatorijalnata ramnina, taka e
ovozmo`eno vo sekoj moment od sekoja to~ka na zemjata da mo`at da se primat

GPS Leica SR20

 - 2

signali od najmalku 5 sateliti. Sekoj satelit e vidliv nad horizontot po

pribli`no 5 ~asa.
Kontrolniot segment e sostaven od 5 stanici (Colorado Springs, Hawaii,
Ascension Island, Diego Garcia i Kwajalein) rasporedeni na pribli`na visina na
ekvatorot so isklu~ok na glavnata stanica koja se nao|a vo Colorado Springs.
gi nabquduvaat satelitite i go merat rastojanieto
niv na sekoi 1.5 sec, potoa podatocite od ovie opservacii se koregiraat koristej}i
gi informaciite za jonosferata i meteorolo{kite podatoci, i se pra}aat do
glavnata kontrolna stanica vo Kolorado (Colorado Springs) koja ja proveruva
orbitata i ~asovnikot na satelitot i procenuva dali treba da se izvr{at nekoi
korekcii na satelitot. Rezultatite od ovaa proverka vo vid na poraka se pra}aat
do monitoring stanicite koi podocna gi pra}aat do satelitite .
Korisni~kiot segment gi opfa}a GPS koj gi imaat
korisnicite na ovj sistem koi gi prifa}aat signalite od satelitite gi
obrabotuvaat i kako izlezen rezultat dobivaat koordinatite na koj se nao|a
priemnikot brzinata so koja se dvi`i i vremeto.
GPS denes imaat golema primena, se
koristat vo najrazli~ni oblasti
. ledewe na vozila, navigacija na
avioni brodvi, navigacija na raketi,
, .

GPS

/
.

GPS
GPS
- ,

rs (t ) = rp (t ) + rsp (t ) ,
rs - GPS
rp
rsp -
-
(X,Y,H).

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.
rsp, .

.

GPS Leica SR20

 - 2

GPS
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GPS satelitite pra}aat dva signal (L1 i L2) ko ja nosat porakata od

satelitot do resiverot vo koja se sodr`ani site potrebnite podatoci za
presmetuvawe na baranata to~ka.
L1 sgnalot e sinusen signal na koj se modulirani tri drugi signali i toa:
C/A (Coarse Acvizition) kodot, navigaciskata poraka i Pkodot.
L2 signalot e isto taka sinusen signal na koj e moduliran samo P-kodot.
C/A kodot e binaren signal sostaven od edinici i nuli koj se generira so
frekfencija od 1MHz i se povtora na edna mili sekunda. Sekoj satelit ima
razli~en C/A kod, a po toa i priemnicite mo`at da odredat od koj satelit doa|a
signalot. Ovoj kod e osnova za dobivawe na psevdorastojanieto.
P-kodot e doverliviot signal i nego mo`at da go dekodiraat samo onie
korisnici koj se ovlasteni za toa t.e onie koj go poseduvaat modulot za
dekoditrawe na P-kodot. Od P-kodot dobivame informacii za docneweto na
signalot poradi gre{kite {to se javuvaat vo jonosferata, toj e osnova za dobivawe
na pogolemi to~nosti t.e PPS (Precise Positioning Service)
Navigaciskata poraka e modulirana vo L1 signalot i taa sodr`i podatoi
so koj se odreduva polo`bata na satelitot, korekciite na ~asovnikot i drugi
neophodni informacii vo vrska so satelitot.

GPS Leica SR20

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GPS ,
C/A P . ,
.

,
.

GPS Leica SR 20
SR 20 12 GPS
. vozmo`uva santimetarska to~nost za
stati~ki i kinemati~ki merewa i pod-metarska to~nost
so SBAS .


.


.
ma vgradeno paket na
aplikacii za razni geodetski
kalkulacii na teren (Data Collection, Data Management,
COGO,ASCII
import/export
i
One-Step
Stakeout,
240MHz RISC

transformacija).

Leica AT501 microstrip

ednofekfentn
anten,

so Leica AT575 microstrip .

SR 20
C/A kodot
L1 .

ATA compact flash, RS232 Lemo
PC (post procesing).
Leica SR 20
Size 21.5cm L 9cm W 5cm D: 8.46" 3.54" 1.97"
Weight (With Battery) 0.652kg or 1lb 7oz
Power 2.1 Watt (typical) at 20C, 7.2V internal, 12V external
Receiver 12 channel parallel automatic selection. L1 Code / Phase
Antenna Internal: Leica AT575 microstrip, built-in groundplane
External: Leica AT501 microstrip, built-in groundplane
Casing Sealed polycarbonite housing; protection against wind driven rain and dust. Sealed battery compartment
and sealed
compact flash. IP54 Rating
Processor 240MHz RISC floating point processor
Display 240 240 pixel graphical LCD, 16 grayscale with backlight
Internal Radio Bluetooth**
Keypad Front: Metal dome with high tactile feedback, protected on/off
Side: Duplicate up, down and enter keys
Memory ATA compact flash: Standard 32MB; Max 2GB
Data Transfer RS232 Lemo, ATA compact flash
Internal Ports RS232 Serial: 7 pin Lemo; Antenna Coaxial Lemo
Operating Temperature 20C to 55C / 4F to 122F
Storage Temperature 40C to 75C / 40F to 167F
Humidity 99% non-condensing
,

GPS Leica SR20

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Shock 1.2m drop

Baseline rms (Post-processing)* L1 Code only: Typically 30cm (rms)
L1 Code and Phase typically 5 to 10mm + 2ppm (rms)
DGPS/RTCM RTCM version 2.1 (9,2 & 1,2)
Optional support for Coast Guard Beacon differential correction
Baseline rms (DGPS/RTCM)* L1 Code only: Typically 40cm (rms)
Data Recording Rate and Capacity At 1Hz measurement; 1 hour runtime = 2MB, 16 hours continuous
measurement per 32MB standard compact flash
Desktop Software Leica Geo Office; L1 Code and Phase Post-Processing, ASCII export, import and export to
dwg, dxf, dgn and mif
Application Data Collection, Data Management, Stakeout, COGO
Battery Lithium-Ion 7.2 Volt 2100mAH w/microprocessor
Charger Battery charger

Leica SR 20

(SBAS) < 1m.
,
Job- , SBAS
(Survey)
(Stakaout).

SR 20 ovozmo`uva santimetarska to~nost za

stati~ki .
,
.

:
-

,
- Job
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(static),
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GDOP,PDOP, HDOP, (10-15)
(Survey)
Job-
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(WGS 84
GPS, SR 20
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Ocupy
,
,
(GDOP) 15 5 60
15.
3-5 15-20 + 5

.
5 GDOP 6.

GPS Leica SR20

 - 2

/
.
WGS84 5-10,
Post-processing.

.
SR 20
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SR 20 :
-
(base),
- (rover)
, . (
) () .
SR 20

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10-15 ,
.
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tdetalna = tinicijalizacija + Dtini-det


(
, )
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- Ocupy
"Stop&Store", .

.
- SR 20 1-2 Postprocessing.

, , . GPS

.

GPS Leica SR20

 - 2

GPS Leica Geo Office

Desktop Software Leica Geo Office; L1 Code and
Phase Post-Processing, ASCII export, import and
export to dwg, dxf, dgn and mif

,

Leica Geo Office.

,



(RAW data), , ,
, , CAD GIS ,
.

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..

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(RAW) GPS
.
Project Name (

)
Import => Raw Data

, .

(Processing Parameters)
Cut Off Angle
10o (
SR20 e Elevation Mask Mask)

GPS Leica SR20

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WGS84
:
-
(SPP) Single Point Position
- Process
- RESULTS
Store
.
GPS PROC
, SPP
Reference Rover
() - . SPP
NAVIGATED .

Reference Rover
, .


WGS84
.

.

.

GPS Leica SR20

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Leica SR 20

,
.

~3.1 km
25min

~2.3 km
20min

~2.4 km
15min
~2.1 km
20min
~1.0 km
10min

. 20-25
.

WGS84

.

Leica Geo Office,
"Datum&Map"




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10

GPS Leica SR20

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SR 20
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1-10,

WGS84
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11

GPS Leica SR20

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2 - , .-
GPS , B.Hofmann, H.Lichtenegger, J.Collins
www.leica-geosystems.com

12

GPS Leica SR20