215

ph lc
Danh mc cc lnh thng dng

Tn lnh Chc nng C php
AFactor Phn tch trit mt a thc (P) ra tha s
trn bao ng i s ca trng cc h s.
AFactor(P)
animate Vn ng ca th trong khng gian hai
chiu
animate(f(x,t),
x=a..b,t=c..d)
animate3d Vn ng ca th trong khng gian 3 chiu animate(f(x,y,
t),x=a..b,y=
c..d,t=p..q)
array To mng hoc ma trn array(indexfcn
,bounds,list)
basis Tm c s cho mt h vc t basis(v1,v2,..
vn)
BesselI Hm Bessel loi 1 sa i (tho mn phng
trnh
2 2 2
" ' ( ) 0 x y xy x y y + + = )
BesselI(v,x)
BesselJ Hm Bessel loi 1 (tho mn phng trnh
2 2 2
" ' ( ) 0 x y xy x y y + + = )
BesselJ(v,x)
BesselK Hm Bessel loi 2 sa i BesselK(v,x)
BesselY Hm Bessel loi 2 BesselY(v,x)
Beta Hm B-ta, tc l hm

( ) ( )
( , )
( )
x y
x y
x y

+
=
+

Beta(x,y)
Chi Hm Tch phn Cosine Hyperbolic, tc l hm
0
cosh( ) 1
( ) ln( )
x
t
Chi x x dt
t

= + +

Chi(x)
Ci Hm Tch phn Cosine, tc l hm
0
cos( ) 1
( ) ln( )
x
t
Ci x x dt
t

= + +

Ci(x)
coeff
Chit xut h s ca n thc
n
x trong a
thc P
coeff(p,x,n)
coeff(p,x^n)
coeffs Chit xut cc h s ca a thc (nhiu bin)
theo a bin hoc theo n bin (x), v c th
gn tn cho dy cc n thc tng ng vi
cc h s chit xut (t)
coeffs(P),
coeffs(P,x),
coeffs(P,x,t)
coeftayl
Tnh cc h s thnh phn
k
x (x c th l
vect v k cng vy) trong khai trin Taylor
coeftayl(expr
,x=a,k)
216
vect, v k cng vy) trong khai trin Taylor
ca biu thc expr ti im a
collect Xp cc s hng ca a thc vo cc nhm
theo ly tha ca bin x
collect(a,x)
comparray So snh cc mng A v B comparray(A,B)
compoly Xc nh (pht hin) a thc hp, tc l tm
cc cp a thc p,q (nu c) ( (.)) r p q =
compoly(r)
conjugate Ly lin hp (phc) ca 1 biu thc conjugate(expr)
content Ly content ca a thc theo bin x, tc l
c s chung ln nht ca cc h s theo bin
x
content(a,x)
convert Chuyn biu thc (expr) v dng (form)
cho
convert(expr,fo
rm)
cos Hm lng gic Cosine cos(x)
cosh Hm lng gic Hyperbolic Cosine cosh(x)
cost Tnh s lng cc php tnh trong mt biu
thc
cost(a)
cot Hm lng gic Cotan cot(x)
coth Hm lng gic Hyperbolic Cotan coth(x)
crossprod Tnh tch vector.Tch vector ca hai vector crossprod(u,v)
csc Hm Cosec csc(x)
csch Hm Cosec Hyperbolic csch(x)
csgn Hm du ca biu thc s phc csgn(a)
curl Tnh rota ca vc t v curl(v)
D, D[i] Ton t o hm (ca hm 1 bin) v o hm
theo bin th i (ca hm nhiu bin
D(f),
D[i](f)
dawson
Tch phn
2 2
0
( ) Dawson
x
x t
x e e dt

dawson(x)
degree Bc ca a thc degree(a,x)
denom Ly mu s (ca mt phn thc) denom(e)
depends Xc nh tch phn ph thuc ca f vo
(cc) bin x
depends(f,x)
DESol Tp nghim ca phng trnh vi phn (gii
theo y)
DESol(expr,y)
DEplot V th nghim phng trnh hoc h
phng trnh vi phn
DEplot(deqns,
vars,range,
inits,eqns)
DEplot3d V th nghim phng trnh hoc h
phng trnh vi phn trong khng gian 3
chiu
DEplot3d(deqns,va
rs,range,
initset,options)
det Tnh nh thc ca ma trn vung A det(A)
Diff Ly o hm hoc o hm ring lnh tr Diff(f,x1,...,
217
xn)
diff Ly o hm hoc o hm ring ca hm s
a, bc 1 hoc bc cao
diff(a,x,y..)
diff(a,x$m,y$n
..)
dilog
Hm Dilogarit
1
ln( )
( )
1
dilog
x
t
x dt
t
=

dilog(x)
Dirac Hm Delta Dirac, tc l hm bng 0 khp
ni, tr ti gc v c tch phn bng 1.
o hm cp n ca hm Delta Dirac
Dirac(t)
Dirac(n,t)
discont Tm nhng im gin on ca hm s thc discont(f,x)
discrim Tnh discriminant ca a thc discrim(p,x)
dismantle
Cho xem cu trc d liu ca biu thc (expr)
dismantle(exp
r)
Divide
Kim tra tnh chia ht ca a thc a (nhiu
bin) cho a thc b (nhiu bin) v nu ng
th c th cho bit thng 'q' .
Divide(a,b,'q')
divide
Kim tra tnh chia ht ca 2 a thc (v cho bit
thng nu cn)
divide(a,b,q)
dotprod Tnh tch v hng ca 2 vector u,v, nu c
bin orthogonal th tch v hng c tnh
nh tng ca cc tch u[i]*v[i]
dotprod(u,v,
orthogonal)
dsolve
Gii phng trnh vi phn (vi cc kh nng
v phng php khc nhau n nh bi
keyword)
dsolve(deqns,va
rs),
dsolve(deqns,va
rs,keyword)
Ei
Hm tch phn m, tc l
1
( , ) (1 , )
xt n n
Ei n x e t dt x n x
+

= =

Ei(n,x)
Eigenvals
Tnh gi tr ring v vect ring ca ma trn
s. Tnh gi tr ring v vect ring theo ngha
suy rng, ngha l tm cc gi tr L v cc vec
t X sao cho AX=LBX
Eigenvals(A,vecs)
Eigenvals(A,B
,vecs)
eigenvals
Tnh gi tr ring v vc t ring ca ma trn
s
eigenvals(A,vecs)
eigenvals(A,B,vec
s)
eigenvects
Tnh vector ring ca ma trn A
eigenvects(A)
eliminate
Chuyn h phng trnh nhiu bin v mt h
tng ng theo phng trnh kh bin s
(hay cn gi l phng trnh th)
eliminate(eqns
et,vars)
ellipsoid
Lnh tnh din tch ca mt ellipsoid khi bit
3 trc ca n.
ellipsoid(a,b
,c)
218
EllipticC
E
Hm tch phn Elliptic y , tc l :=
2
(1, 1 ) EllipticE k
EllipticCE(k)
EllipticCK Hm tch phn xc nh bi :=
2
(1, 1 ) EllipticF k
EllipticCK(k)
EllipticE
Tch phn Elliptic khng y , tc l :=
2 2
2
0
1
1
z
k t
dt
t

EllipticE(z,k)
EllipticCP
i
Hm tch phn xc nh bi
2
(1, , 1 ) EllipticPi v k
EllipticCPi(v
,k)
EllipticF
Tch phn Elliptic khng y loi 1, tc l :=
2 2 2
0
1 1
z
dt
k t t

EllipticF(z,k)
EllipticK Hm tch phn xc nh := (1, ) EllipticF k EllipticK(k)
EllipticPi
Hm tch phn :=

2 2 2 2
0
(1 ) 1 1
z
dt
vt t k t

EllipticPi(z,v
,k)
entries
Lnh ny thng i cng cp vi lnh indices
v c trch nhim ch ra gi tr tng ng vi
cc index (trong mt mng)
entries(t)
equal So snh hai ma trn c bng nhau hay
khng(tc l so snh xem cc phn t tng
ng c bng nhau hay khng)
equal(A,B)
erf
Hm sai s
2
0
2
( )
x
t
erf x e dt

erf(x)
erfc Hm b sai s ( ) 1 ( ) erfc x erf x = erfc(x)
eulermac Xp x tim cn Euler Maclaurin ca
Sum(expr,x). Ngha l nu
F(x) = elermac(f(x),x) th F(x+1)F(x) l
tng ng tim cn vi f(x)
eulermac(exps
,x)
Eval nh gi (tnh gi tr) ca mt a thc ti 1
im
Eval(a,x=n)
eval nh gi (tnh gi tr) ca biu thc (x) eval(x)
evala nh gi (tnh gi tr) i s ca biu thc i
s
evala(expr)
evalb Tnh gi tr Boole ca biu thc logic evalb(x)
evalc Tnh gi tr ca biu thc phc, tc l a n
v dng 1 * 2 expr expr I +
evalc(expr)
evalf Tnh gi tr thp phn ca biu thc (vi
h h h )
evalf(x),
219
chnh xc n n ch s) evalf(x,n)
evalm Tnh gi tr ca biu thc ma trn evalm(expr)
exp
Hm s m exp( ) :
x
x e =
exp(x)
Expand Khai trin (biu thc) Expand(a)
expand Khai trin biu thc expr (nhng khng khai
trin cc biu thc con expr 1,..., expr n
trong expr
expand(expr,exp
r1,...,exprn)
Factor Phn tch mt a thc (nhiu bin) ra tha s
trn trng m rng i s K
Factor(a,K)
factor Phn tch biu thc (i s ) ra tha s factor(a)
Factors Tng t lnh trn, nhng cho kt qu di
dng d liu [u,[[f
1
,e
1
],...,[f
n
,e
n
]]], trong u
l h s u, f
i
l cc a thc nguyn thu bt
kh quy, e
i
l bi tng ng
Factors(a,K)
factors Phn tch a thc nhiu bin ra tha s factors(a)
FFT Bin i Fourier nhanh i vi mt lit s
phc c di 2
m
, vi dy phn thc l x v
dy phn o l y)
FFT(m,x,y)
frac
Ly phn thp phn ca s x
frac(x)
Frobenius Tm dng Frobenius ca ma trn (A) Frobenius(A)
fsolve
Gii phng trnh tm nghim di dng s
thp phn (k c nghim phc).
fsolve(eqns,va
rs,opitions)
galois
Tnh nhm Galoa ca 1 a thc bt kh quy 1
bin (bc 7 tr xung)
galois(f)
GAMMA Hm xc nh theo cng thc
( 1)
0
( ) :
t z
z e t dt


=

vi z na bn phi
mt phng phc, v c thc trin gii tch
sang na mt phng tri.
GAMMA(z)
GaussAGM
Ly trung bnh Gauss ca 2 s (a v b), tc l
ly gii hn ca qu trnh
lp
0 0
, a a b b = = ,
1 1
2
, ( )
2
( )
n n n n
n n n n
n n
a b a b
a b a b
a b
+ +
+
= = +
+
.
(S ny lun nm gia trung bnh cng v
trung bnh nhn ca a v b).
GaussAGM(a,b)
Gaussejor
dan
a ma trn v dng Gauss-Jordan bng
php kh Gauss-Jordan.
Gaussejordan(A)
220
Gausselim a ma trn v dng tam gic bng php kh
Gauss.
Gausselim(A)
Gcd
Tm c s chung ln nht ca 2 a thc (a v
b) v cho bit thng ca chng i vi c
chung ny (nu cn)
Gcd(a,b,'s','t')
gcd
Tm c s chung ln nht ca cc a thc
gcd(a,b)
Gcdex Dng thut ton Euclid m rng tm c s
chung ln nht vi h s u (theo bin x) bng
n v ca 2 a thc a v b v ng thi cho
bit cc a thc s (c bc nh hn bc ca b)
v t (c bc nh hn bc ca a) tho mn as
+ bt = g, nu cn.
Gcdex(a,b,x,'s',
't')
gcdex
S dng thut ton Euclid suy rng tm
gcd(a,b) v cc a thc s v t sao cho
* * s A t B g + = trong g l c s chung
ln nht ca 2 a thc (theo mt bin x) A,B,
v bc ca s nh hn bc ca B, bc ca t nh
hn bc ca A.
gcdex(A,B,x,
s,'t)
genematrix
Lp ma trn t cc h s ca phng trnh. Nu
c bin th ba flag th vector v phi c
a vo ct cui ca ma trn
genematrix(eqn
s,vars,flag)
geneqns
Lp phng trnh trn t cc h s ca ma trn.
Nu c bin th 3 biu th vectorb th n s
a vo v phi ca phng trnh
geneqns(A,x,b)
genpoly Sinh mt a thc ( ) a x trn [ ] Z x vi cc h s
nh hn
2
b
sao cho a(b) = n, khi n l mt s
nguyn. Khi n l mt a thc theo mt bin
khc (y) vi h s nguyn th mi h s ca a
thc ny s sinh mt a thc (theo x) vi
nguyn tc trn.
genpoly(n,b,x)
grad Tnh o hm ca hm nhiu bin grad(f,[x,y,z
])
GramSchmi
dt
Tm c s trc chun ca khng gian sinh bi
mt h cc vc t
GramSchmidt(
u1,u2,...,un)
HankelH1 Hm s Hankel, c nh ngha := BesselJ(v,x)
+ I.BesselY(v,x).
HankelH1(v,x)
HankelH2 Hm s Hankel, c nh ngha := BesselJ(v,x)
- I.BesselY(v,x).
HankelH2(v,x)
harmonic Hm iu ho (tc l hm ( 1) x + + , m
x n = l s nguyn th ta c
harmonic(x)
221
1
1
( 1)
n
i
n
i

=
+ + =

has
Kim tra xem trong biu thc f c thnh
phn x hay khng.
has(f,x)
hasfun
Kim tra xem trong biu thc e c hm f
khng.
hasfun(e,f)
Heaviside L mt nguyn hm ca hm Dirac, nhn gi
tr 0 trn na trc s m v nhn gi tr 1 trn
na trc s dng (khng xc nh ti gc).
Heaviside(x)
Hermite Tm dng chun tc Hermite ca ma trn Hermite(A,x)
hessian
Tnh hessian ca hm f
hessian(f,[x,y
,z])
icontent
Tm c s chung ln nht ca cc h s ca
a thc
icontent(expr
iFFT Bin i Fourier ngc ca cc dy s , x y
cng c di 2
m

iFFT(m,x,y)
ifactor
Phn tch s nguyn ra tha s nguyn t
ifactor(n)
igcd
c chung ln nht ca cc s nguyn
igcd(x1,x2,...)
igcdex
Dng thut ton Euclid tm 2 s s,t tho iu
kin gcd( , ) sa tb a b + =
igcdex(a,b,s
,t)
ilcm
Bi s chung nh nht ca cc s nguyn
ilcm(x1,x2,. . .
)
ilog Tnh Lgarit nguyn c s b ca x, tc l tm
s nguyn r sao cho
1 r r
b x b
+
<
ilog[b](x)
ilog10 Tnh s lgarit nguyn c s 10 ca x ilog10(x)
Im Phn o ca mt biu thc phc x Im(x)
implicitd
iff
Ly o hm ca hm n xc nh bi phng
trnh, hoc h phng trnh. Trong trng hp
sau ny ta thu c tp hm s
1 2
{ , ,..., }
n
y y y v ta c th ly o hm ch ca
mt nhm trong s hm ny (th d l
1 2
{ , ,..., }
r
u u u ) theo
1 2
{ , ,..., }
k
x x x )
implicitdiff(f
,x,y)
implicitdiff({
f1,...fm},{y1,
...yn},{u1,...
ur},x1,...xk})
implicitp
lot
V th hm n implicitplot(
f(x,y),x=a..b
, y=c..d)
indets Tm cc bin khng xc nh (t do) ca 1
biu thc
indets(expr)
indices Lnh thng k tp cc ch s ca bng (mng) indices(t)
innerprod
Tnh tch trong ca mt dy cc ma trn v
vector
innerprod(A,B
),innerprod(u
,v)
222
Int Ly tch phn(bt nh hoc xc nh) ca
hm s, nhng khng hin th cng thc (lnh
tr)
Int(f,x)
Int(f,x=a..b)
int Ly tch phn (bt nh hoc xc nh) ca
hm s
int(f,x)
int(f,x=a..b)
Interp
Ni suy a thc, tc l a ra a thc (bin x)
nhn cc gi tr l cc thnh phn ca vect b
trn tp cc im l thnh phn ca vect b.
Interp(a,b,x)
interp Ni suy a thc v t tn cho bin ca n l
v
interp(x,y,v)
Inverse Tnh ma trn ngc ca ma trn A theo
modulo n
Inverse(A)mod
n
inverse Tnh ma trn ngc ca ma trn vung A inverse(A)
invfunc Ly hm ngc ca mt hm f invfunc[f]
invztrans Ly ngc ca bin i Z ca hm f(z) i
vi n
invztrans(f,z
,n)
iquo Tm thng nguyn (ca 2 s nguyn) v cho
bit s d r khi cn
iquo(m,n)
iquo(m,n,r)
irem Tm phn d trong php chia 2 s nguyn v
cho bit thng khi cn
irem(m,n)
irem(m,n,q)
iroot Tm xp x nguyn cho cn bc n ca x iroot(x,n)
Irreduc
Kim tra tnh bt kh quy ca mt a thc
nhiu bin (a)
Irreduc(a)
irreduc Kim tra tnh bt kh quy ca mt a thc irreduc(a)
iscont Kim tra tnh lin tc ca hm trn khong
( , ) a b
iscont(expr,x
=a..b)
isdiffere
ntiable
Kim tra tnh kh vi v trn ca mt hm
s v trong trng hp n khng thuc
( ) n
C
th tham s d cho bit n thuc lp
( ) k
C
no v nhng im ti khng c o hm
cp ( 1 k + ).
isdifferentiabl
e(expr,vars,cla
ss)
isdifferentiabl
e(expr,vars,cla
ss, d)
isolate Gii phng trnh eqn theo biu thc expr isolate(eqn,ex
pr)
ispoly Kim tra c tnh a thc f (loi g ? bc no
? gi tr ca tng h s ?)
ispoly(f,kind
,x)
isqrt Tm xp x nguyn cho cn bc 2 ca s t
nhin n
isqrt(n)
Issimilar Kim tra tnh ng dng ca 2 ma trn A v B
Issimilar(A,B)
issqr Kim tra xem mt s c phi l chnh phng
(bnh phng ca mt s khc) hay khng ?
issqr(n)
jacobian Tnh o hm ca mt vc t jacobian(v,[x
223
, y, z])
Lcm Tm bi s chung nh nht ca cc a thc
Lcm(a,b,...)
lcm Tm bi s chung nh nht ca cc a thc
hu t
lcm(a,b,...)
lcoeff Tm h s u ca a thc (nhiu bin) lcoeff(p)
LegendreE Hm Legendre, cng chnh l hm EllipticE
ni trn (theo tn gi mi). (Tng t
nh vy i vi cc hm Legendre khc nh :
LegendreF, LegendrePi, ...)
LegendreE(k,z)
lhs Ly v tri ca phng trnh (hoc biu thc c
2 v hay 2 phn)
lhs(expr)
Li
Hm tch phn Lgarit, tc l hm := Ei(ln(x))
:=
0
ln( )
x
dt
pv
t

, trong pv l gi tr chnh
Gauss
Li(x)
Limit Tnh gii hn, hoc gii hn theo hng lnh
tr
Limit(f,x=a)
Limit(f,x = a
,direct)
limit Tm gii hn, hoc gii hn theo hng limit(f,x=a)
limit(f,x=a,
direct)
linsolve Gii phng trnh i s tuyn tnh Ax = u linsolve(A,u)
ln Ly Lgarit c s t nhin (e) ln(x)
lnGAMMA Ly Lgarit c s t nhin ca hm Gamma,
tc l ln( ( )) x
lnGAMMA(x)
log Hm Lgarit tng qut, c s b dng 1
bt k
log[b](a)
log10 Lgarit c s 10 log10(x)
lprint Chuyn biu thc (cng thc) v dng text 1
chiu
lprint(g)
map Thc hin mt php ton trn nhiu thnh
phn
map(f,expr,arg
1,arg2,..)
matrix Lp ma trn cp mxn, hoc to lp ma trn
mxn t bng L
matrix(m,n)
matrix(m,n,L)
max Tm i lng ln nht trong cc i lng
(
1 2
, ,... x x )
max(x1,x2,...)
maximize Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc expr, theo
cc bin vars, trn cc min ranges
maximize(expr
,vars,ranges)
maxnorm Tnh chun max ca a thc, tc l tnh h maxnorm(a)
224
s c tr tuyt i ln nht trong s cc h s
ca a thc.
member Kim tra xem thnh phn x c trong danh
mc s hay khng
member(x,s)
min Ly i lng nh nht trong cc i lng
(
1 2
, ,... x x )
min(x1,x2,...)
minimize Tnh gi tr nh nht ca biu thc minimize(expr
,vars,ranges)
minpoly Tm a thc bc khng qu n, vi h s
nguyn nh nht v nhn xp x r ca mt s
i s lm nghim ca n
minpoly(r,n)
modp Tnh modulo m (tm ng d) ca biu thc e,
s dng biu din dng
modp(e,m)
modp1 Tnh ton modulo m cho a thc 1 bin e (bng
mt thut ton ring c hiu qu c bit cho
trng hp a thc mt bin)
modp1(e,m)
modp2 Tnh modulo m cho a thc 2 bin (bng mt
thut ton c th cho a thc 2 bin)
modp2(e,m)
mods Tnh modulo m s dng biu din i xng mods(e,m)
Normal
Tm dng chnh tc (ca mt phn thc) Normal(a)
msolve Gii phng trnh trn mod p msolve(eqns,var
s,p)
mtaylor Tnh khai trin Taylor nhiu bin ca f theo
v bc n
mtaylor(f,V,n)
mul
Ly tch ca mt dy s
mul(f,i=m..n)
Nullspace
Tm c s ca nhn (Kernel) ca ton t ( ma
trn) mod p
Nullspace(A)
mod p
nullspace
Tm c s ca nhn (Kernel) ca ton t ( ma
trn)
nullspace(A)
multiply Nhn 2 ma trn, 2 vector hoc nhn ma trn
vi vec tor
multiply(A,B)
multiply(A,v)
multiply(u,v)
nextprime
Tm s nguyn t ngay sau s cho
nextprime(x)
nops
Tr li s lng cc thnh phn ca mt
biu thc
nops(exps)
norm Tnh chun bc n ca biu thc a theo bin
v tc l bng
1
( )
n
n
c

, trong tng c
ly theo tt c cc h s c ca a.
norm(a,n,v)
normal a mt biu thc ( f ) v dng chun ho normal(f)
225
numboccur Tnh s ln xut hin ca biu thc (e) trong
biu thc f
numboccur(f,e)
numer Ly t s ca mt phn thc (e) numer(e)
op
Trch ra mt s thnh phn ca biu thc
op(i, exps)
order
Ly bc ca thnh phn d trong biu thc
dng chui
order(expr)
parse
Phn tch cu, phn tch xu k t,...
parse
pdesolve Gii phng trnh o hm ring pdesolve(eqns
,vars)
PDEplot V th nghim ca phng (hoc h) trnh
o hm ring
PDEplot(eqns,
var,i_curve,
range,options)
piecewise Thit lp hm tng khc: trn vng dk1 th
nhn gi tr l hm f1,..., trn vng dkn nhn
hm fn, cn li nhn gi tr l hm f
piecewise(dk1
,f1,dk2,f2,..
.,dkn,fn,f)
plot V th trong khng gian 2 chiu ca hm
s 1 bin ( ) y f x = trong min hnh ch nht
[ , ] [ , ] a b c d
plot(f,x=a..b
,y=c..d)
plot3d
V th trong khng gian 3 chiu ca cc
mt 2 chiu
plot3d(expr,x
=a..b,y=c..d)
pochhamme
r
Hm s xc nh bi cng thc
( )
, )
( )
Pochhammer(
z a
z a
z

+
=
pochhammer(z,
a)
poisson Khai trin hm (nhiu bin) thnh chui
poisson theo bin v, bc n,...
poisson(f,v,n)
polar Biu din s phc di dng to cc polar(z)
polarplot
V th dng to cc
polarplot(L,o
ptions);
polylog
Hm s Lgarit bi, tc l thc trin gii tch
ca hm
1
n
a
n
z
n

khi 1 z <
polylog(a,z)
Power Ly tha (bc n) ca mt a thc (a) mod p Power(a,n)mod
p
power Lu tha bc n ca mt a thc (a) power(a,n)
Powmod
Tnh ng d (theo modul p) ca ly tha
(bc n) ca mt a thc (a). (Php tnh ny
s dng mt thut ton khc, hu hiu hn
hn, so vi th tc thng thng l tnh ng
d sau khi thc hin xong cng on tnh
ly tha)
Powemod(a,n,p)
226
powmod
Tnh modulo b(x) ca biu thc [ ( )]
n
a x
powmod(a,n,b,
x)
prevprime Tm s nguyn t ln nht b hn s cho prevprime(n)
Primitive Kim tra tnh nguyn thu ca mt a thc Primitive(a)
primpart Phn nguyn thu (ca a thc) primpart(a,x)
product Tch ca cc s (hoc biu thc) product(f,k=n.
.m)
psqrt Tm cn bc 2 ca biu thc a nu a l chnh
phng, ngc li th cho kt qu l khng c
cn
psqrt(a)
quo
Tm thng trong php chia ca 2 a thc a
cho b v cho bit phn d r nu cn
quo(a,b,x,r)
randpoly Sinh a thc mt cch ngu nhin randpoly(x)
rank Tnh hng ca ma trn A rank(A)
rationaliz
e
Trc cn thc mu rationalize(ex
pr)
realroot
Cho bit cc khong (vi b rng = width) c
cha nghim thc ca a thc poly
realroot(poly
,width)
recipoly Kim tra xem a thc c tnh cht i trng
hay khng, tc l cc h s i xng nhau qua
n thc gia
recipoly(a,x)
rem Tnh phn d trong php chia ca 2 a thc v
cho bit thng q nu cn
rem(a,b,x,q)
residue
Tnh h s ca thnh phn
1
( ) x a

trong
khai trin Laurent ca f ti x a =
residue(f,x=a)
rhs Ly v phi ca biu thc (c 2 v). rhs(expr)
root Khai cn bc n ca biu thc (x). Lnh ny
cho ta gi tr chnh trong s n gi tr ca cn
(tc l gi tr u tin k t trc s thc dng
theo chiu ngc kim ng h).
root(x,n)
roots Tnh tt c cc nghim ca mt a thc (a)
theo bin x
roots(a)
round
Hm lm trn s (bng cch ly s nguyn
gn n nht)
round(x)
rsolve
Gii phng trnh truy hi
rsolve(eqns,fc
ns)
sec Hm s lng gic Sec(x) sec(x)
sech Hm s Sec Hyperbolic sech(x)
seq To mt lit t cc gi tr ca hm s f seq(f,i=m..n)
227
series Khai trin biu thc expr thnh chui ti xung
quanh im a
series(expr,x
=a)
sign Hm s xc nh du ca h s u trong biu
thc
sign(a)
signum Hm du ca mt i lng signum(z)
simplify n gin biu thc simplify(expr)
sin Hm s lng gic Sin(x) sin(x)
singular Tm cc im k d ca biu thc. Nu biu
thc ph thuc 1 bin th kt qu cho ta cc
im k d. Nu biu thc ph thuc 2 bin
th kt qu cho ra l cc hm (vect 2 chiu)
biu din tp im k d.
singular(expr
,vars)
sinh Hm lng gic Hyperbolic Sin sinh(x)
sinterp Ni suy a thc tha sinterp
solve Gii phng trnh hoc h phng trnh solve(eqns1(x),
eqns2(y),{x,y})
sort Sp xp cc s hng, sp xp mt biuthc,
sp xp mt danh sch
sort(exps,var
s,tdeg)
spline
Tnh a thc tng khc (spline) xc nh bi
cc gi tr X, Y cho trc, c bc l d v bin z
spline(X,Y,z,
d)
split
Phn tch hon ton a thc ra cc a thc bc
nht
split
splits
Tng t nh trn
splits
sqrt
Hm cn bc 2
sqrt(a)
subs Thay th x (trong biu thc expr) bi biu
thc a
subs(x=a,expr)
substring Trch mt xu k t t mt xu k t cho
trc
substring(str
ing,a..b)
sum Ly tng cc s hng sum(f,k)
sum(f,k=n..m)
surd Ly gi tr cn bc n ca x, nhng khng phi
l gi tr chnh, m l gi tr c argument gn
vi argument ca x nht
surd(x,n)
symmdiff Hiu i xng gia 2 tp A v B symmdiff(A,B)
tan Hm lng gic tg(x) tan(x)
tanh Hm lng gic Hyperbolic tanh(x)
thiele Hm ni suy phn thc thiele(x,y,v)
trunc Hm lm trn mt s v vi s nguyn k n
(theo hng v s 0)
trunc(x)
228
type Kim tra biu thc xem c cu trc kiu
typename(cu trc l +, - *,/,^)
type(typename)
unapply Xc nh hm s (t biu thc v cc bin) unapply(expr,
x,y,...)
value Tnh gi tr (ca mt biu thc tr f ) value(f)
vectlap Tnh vc t laplacian ca vc t v vectlap(v,[x,
y,z])
vector Lnh to vc t vector(list)
whattype Cho bit cu trc ca mt biu thc whattype(exps)
with Xc nh tn hm gi ra t Library Package with(package)