Professional Documents
Culture Documents
tm
,d, k iG ;f aeaomae&mwGif topfrsm;jzift h pm;xd;k jcif;onf ¶kyyf ikd ;f qkid &f m&_axmifu h bJ=unh=f unhf pdwyf ikd ;f
qdik &f m&_axmifu h bJ=unh=f unhf tzG@J tpnf;wcktwGu/f vlrt _ odik ;f t0dik ;f twGuf aumif;onhv f uQ%m
abmf
jzpfonf?
trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyt f aejzifh vkyEf ikd u f ikd Ef ikd &f adS omolrsm;/ rsK;d qufopfrsm;udk ajrawmif
ajrm ufjcif;/ arG;jrLjcif;/ tvkyw f m0efay;jcif;/ tpm;xd;k ae&m,ljcif;rsm;udk vkyaf qmifoifo h nfrmS =umjrifv h S
+yjD zpfonf? A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J udk ,ckvu kd ohJ @kd jyefvnfz@JG pnf;vkyaf qmifrnf[q k jkd cif;onf óuqd&k
rnfv h yk &f yfjzpfonf? pD;qif;aeaoma&onf oef@&Si;f onfqo kd nho
f abmrsK;d yif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J
csKyo f nf ouf}u&D , G t f rkd sm;ae&mwGif i,f&, G of rl sm;ESit hf pm;xd;k jcif;udk xda&mufatmifjrifpmG vkyaf qmif
Edik af &;onf ,ae@tcgwiG f txl;ta&;w}u;D vkt d yfaomvkyaf qmifcsuw f ckjzpfonf? jyefvnfz@JG pnf;jcif;/
tpm;xd;k jcif; qdo k nfrmS rdrw d @kd .vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm;udk ydrk x kd ad &mufap&efqo kd nh&f nf&, G cf sujf zpfonf?
xd@k a=umifh vly*k Kd~ vu f o kd mtpm;xd;k jcif;omru vkyif ef;vky[ f efrsm;/ enf;AsL[mudv k nf; jyefvnfrrG ;f rH+y;D awmifw h if;cdik rf mtm;aumif;onht f aetxm;
od@k a&muf&dS vmap&efygvyk af qmif&efvt kd yfonf?
1990 ckEpS f taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyu f kd wcJeufaxmufct H m;ay;cJo h nf? Tt"dym` ,frmS jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ppfreS f
aom'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;udk trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyOf ;D aqmifóu;yrf;v#if &&Sv d rd rfh nf[k jynfov l x l u k ,H=k unfIrJay;cJjh cif;onf/ xd@k a=umifh trsK;d
om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyw f iG f }u;D rm;aomwm0ef&o dS nf? a&G;aumufy+JG y;D pD;cJo h nfrmS ESpaf ygi;f 20 eD;awmhrnfjzpfonf? xdu k mvwav#mufv;kH wGif vlx. k
vdv k m;awmifw h csurf sm;udk trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyo f nf jznfq h nf;ay;Edik jf cif;r&So d nfrmS jiif;qdI k r&aomudpjP zpfonf? od@k aomf wEdik if v H ;kH ESio
hf uf
qdik af omta&;udpjP zpfonft h wGuf vlwOD;wa,muf tzG@J tpnf;wck ygww D &yfa=umifjh zpfonf[q k v kd #if rSm;,Gi;f aomoH;k oyfcsujf zpfvrd rhf nf? trsK;d om;
'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OD;aqmifóu;yrf;r_jzifh jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;vmEdik rf nf[al om,H=k unfro _ nf acgi;f aqmifr_ Leadership ay;
Edik rf nf[al om ,H=k unfrj_ zpfonf?
xd@k a=umifh topfjyefvnfz@JG pnf;jzpfay:vmzG,&f adS om trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyAf [dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J onf wd;k wufaom cdik rf maom
xda&mufaom tm;aumif;aom OD;aqmifrj_ zifh ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;a&;twGuf vlxu k Okd ;D aqmifum vlxq k ENjynh0f ap&ef enf;AsL[mopfrsm;jzihf
taumiftxnfazmfEikd v f rd rhf nf[k a&;om;vdu k &f ayonf?
nDnu
D dk v$waf y;zk@d tar&duefvw
$ af wmftrwf 53 a,mufw@dk uawmif;qkd
VOA / 'DZifbm 19 ? ? tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSm zrf;qD;cHxm;&wJh awmftrwfawG&@J pmrSma&;om;xm;ygw,f?
jrefrmEkid if zH mG ; tar&duefEidk if o H m; ukn d nD aD tmif ac: ukad usmaf ZmfviG u f dk tar&duefEidk if o H m;wa,mufudk quf+y;D zrf;qD;xm;r,fq&dk if
tjrefq;Hk jyefvw $ af y;zk@d tar&duefvw $ af wmftrwf 53 a,mufw@dk u 'DZif tar&duefjynfaxmifpek @J xdawG@qufqaH &;udprP mS t[ef@twm;jzpfap
bmv 18 &ufae@pGeJ @J jrefrmppftyk pf u k dk pma&;om;awmif;qkv d u
dk yf gw,f? vdrrhf ,fqw dk m tar&duefvw $ af wmftrwfawG uk, d w
f idk u
f tckvpdk ma&;
jrefrmeJ@ tar&duef ESpEf idk if q H ufqaH &; a&S@qufw;dk wufomG ;Ekid f om;ajymqkv d udk wf thJ wGuf 'Dpm[m wpkw H &m tusK;d oufa&mufr_ &Sv d rd hf
zk@d &m a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;awGudk v$waf y;&r,fv@dk r,fv@dk ukn d n D aD tmif&@J a&S@ae Beth Schwanke u ,k=H unfxm;ygw,f?
vnf; uGe*f &uftzG@J 0ifawGu awmif;qkx d m;ygw,f? tar&duefvw $ f 'gayr,fv h nf; jrefrmppftyk pf [ k m jyifyu zdtm;ay;wmrsK;d ukd tef
awmftrwf Howard Berman eJ@ Tom Lantos vl@tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sif wkavh&+dS y;D 'Dvzdk t d m;ay;wma=umifv h nf; tajctaeawG ykq d ;dk oGm;wwf
&J@ yl;wGOJ uUX &DywfbvDuefvw $ af wmftrwf Frank Wolf wk@d OD;aqmif wmrsK;d awGvnf;&Syd gw,f/ tck ukn d n D aD tmifupd u P srS jrefrmppftyk pf u k
+y;D t"duygw}D u;D ESp&f yfpvk;H &J@ v$waf wmftrwfawGu pma&;om;awmif; em;axmifvrd rhf ,fv@kd ,k=H unfEidk pf &m ta=umif;enf;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh a&S@
qkv d u dk =f uwmyg? tJ'pD mukd tar&duefjynfaxmifpq k idk &f m jrefrmoH¶;Hk u ae Beth uawmh jrefrmppftyk pf u k , dk w f idk u
f tar&duefe@J qufqcH siw f hJ
oH¶;Hk ,m,Dwm0efcH OD;jrifv h iG f uaewqifh jrefrmppfaumifpaD cgi;f aqmif tvm;tvmawG jyxm;wma=umifh 'Dw}urd rf mS awmh ar#mv f ifch sux f m;Ekid f
Akv d cf sKyof ef;a¶$qu D dk ay;yk@d xm;ygw,f? ygw,fv@dk tckvdk ok;H oyfygw,f?
tar&duefEidk if o H m;wa,mufudk tckvdk zrf;qD;xde;f ode;f xm;wm tar&duefjynfaxmifpk Ekid if jH cm;a&;Xme wm0ef&o dS al wGe@J +y;D cJh
[m jrefrmppftyk pf t k aeeJ@ tar&duefEidk if eH @J qufqaH &;wk;d wufcsipf w d rf S wJh Ek0d ifbmvrSm awG@qkcH +hJ y;D awmh tar&duefe@J xdawG@qufqcH siw f ,f
&Syd g&@J vm;qkw d hJ oHo, uGe*f &ufvw $ af wmftrwftzG@J 0if trsm;tjym; qkwd mukd jrefrmppftyk pf u k jyocJyh gw,f? 'ga=umifh 'Dzt d m;[m rSeu f efwhJ
rSmjzpfvmapw,fv@dk pmrSma&;om;xm;ygw,f/ ukn d n D aD tmifudk c|i;f csuf tcsed rf mS jzpfvmw,fv@kd usrwk@d ar#mv f ifyh gw,f? nDnu D dk zrf;qD;xm;wm
r&St d jrefq;Hk jyefvw $ af y;+y;D tar&duefjynfaxmifpu k dk jyefvmcGiðhf yzk@d jzpfEidk f [m tar&duefe@J qufqcH sipf w d rf S &Syd g&@J vm;qkw d hJ oHo,jzpfvmapw,f
ajc&So d r# tjyif;xefq;Hk tok;H tE_e;f awGe@J wku d w
f eG ;f vduk yf gw,fv@dk v$wf qkw
d m 'Dpmuazmfjyaewmrk@d etz[m nDnu D dk jyefvw $ af y;&rSmyg?
pD;yGm;a&;EdAk ,fq&k iS u
f pD;yGm;a&;eJ@Eikd if aH &;udk oD;jcm;cGx
J m;I r&Edik [
f q
k kd
DVB / 'DZifbm 16 ? ? pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ Edik if aH &;udk oD;jcm;cGx J m;vd@k r&Edik f t=um; tjrifzvS,Ef ;DS aESm aqG;aEG;Edik af tmif ESCAP u tckvdk pDpOfay;
bl;vd@k pD;yGm;a&;EdAk ,fq&k iS af 'guw f mpwD;*vpfu aejynfawmfu pDreD m wmjzpfw,fv@kd ajym=um;cJyh gw,f?
twGi;f ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? tif*st D -dk owif;&yfuu G u f ae aemufxyf&&Sw d ohJ wif;awGt&
rae@u usi;f ycJw h hJ aus;vufa'oqif;&JraJG wr_ wku d zf suaf &; aqG; qk&d if IMF rS enf;ynmtzG@J wckvJ aejynfawmfe@J &efuek q f aD &mufae+y;D
aEG;yJt G wGi;f pwd*vpfu v,f,mukt d ajccHwhJ jrefrmhp;D yGm;a&;wk;d wufzHG jrefrmEdik if &H hJ pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ tajccHpm&if; Z,m;awGukd avhvmaew,fv@kd
®z;vmzd@k qk&d if pku d yf sK;d a&;ukd tajccHjy;D zG®H z;wk;d wufaewJh a'owGi;f &Sd wjcm; od&ygw,f/ 'gt h jyif urBmb h %ft&m&Sw d OD;vnf; &efuek rf mS &Sad e+y;D pD;yGm;
Edik if aH wGukd pepfwus avhvmzd@k vkyd gw,f? ppfreS +f y;D wnf+ird w f hJ vkðH czH @HG ®z; a&;eJ@ zG@H ®z;r_tajcaeawGukd avhvmaew,fv@kd od&ygw,f? 'DtzJ@G awG[m
zd@k qk&d if Edik if wH umtodik ;f 0kid ;f rSm yl;aygi;f yg0if aqmif&u G w f hJ enf;uvJjG y;D ppftpd;k &&Jv h t l cGiahf &;csK;d azgurf e_ @J pD;yGm;a&;cef@cJrG _ nHh zsi;f r_tay: tajccH
wjcm;enf;r&Sb d ;l vd@k pwD;*vpfu axmufjycJyh gw,f? 'gtjyif v,f,mpku d f +y;D jrefrmEdik if uH dk aiGa=u;tulnrD ay;Edik b f ;l vd@k ajymcJw
h t hJ zG@J awGjzpfygw,f?
ysK;d a&;zufrmS b¾maiGyo dk ;Hk pGzJ @kd / rsK;d aphe@J "gwaf jr=oZmawGvaHk vmufatmif 'gayr,fh tkb d m;rm;&Jh tar&dueftpd;k &opfu ppftpd;k &eJ@ wku d f
vkyaf y;zd@k / v,form;awG&@J use;f rma&;/ ynma&;jrifrh m;vmatmif vkyf ±ku
d x f ad wG@qufqrH ,fv@kd ajymqk+d y;D aemufyidk ;f Edik if w H umtzG@J pnf;tawmf
ay;zd@k / aus;vufu jynfoal wG 0ifaiGaumif;wJh tvkyt f udik af wG &vm rsm;rsm;jrefrmEdik if eH @J jyefvnfqufpyfvmwJh vuQ%mawG pawG@ae&+yv D @kd
atmif zefw;D ay;zd@k vnf; pwd;*vpfu nDvmcHuw kd ufvmwJh v,f,m tif*st D dk owif;&ufuu G u f ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? aejynfawmfuae aemuf
0ef}u;D Akv d cf sKyaf X;OD;/ pDr'H 0k ef}u;D Akv d rf ; ol&ed af Zmf tyg0if tpk;d &t&m &Sad wG xyf&&Sw d hJ Edik if w
H umqufqaH &; owif;wyk'u f awmh w±kwf 'korRw
ukw d u dk w
f eG ;f cJah =umif; ,ltifowif;xkwjf yefcsurf mS az: jyygw,f? &Sud si;f zsif pae@ae@rSm aejynfawmfqaD &mufz@kd &Sad ew,fv@kd od&ygw,f?
'Dtpnf;a0;udpk pD OfwhJ ESCAP t=u;D tuJ a'guw f m Edak v;a[Zm r=umcif umvtwGi;f orRwjzpfvmvdrrhf ,fv@kd a&yef;pm;aeol
uawmh zG@H ®z;wk;d wufa&;twGuf rl0g'qkid &f m aqG;aEG;yJaG wGtwGi;f t}uH &Su d si;f zsi[f m tm&S 4 Edik if cH &D;pOftjzpf *syef/ awmif ud;k &D;,m;/ jrefrmeJ@
t^m%ftopf qef;ppfrt _ opfawGukd ae&mwk;d cs@J ay;a&;[m ol&ahJ rsmv f ifh uarBm'D;,m;Edik if aH wGqD c&D;xGuaf ejy;D *syefe@J awmifu;kd &D;,m;c&D;pOf
csujf zpfygw,f? trSew f u,f zG@H ®z;wk;d wufrj_ zpfvmapzd@k qk&d if uGi;f xJrmS tjy;D rSm jrefrmEdik if q H 0D ifvmrSmjzpfw,fv@kd qif[mG owif;u az:jyygw,f?
wu,fvyk af ewJ/h oufqidk &f m udpaP wGtay: em;vnfwwfu|r;f wJh vl 'Dae@xkwf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmrSm etz'kOuUÏ 'kw, d -Akv d cf sKyrf ; }u;D
awGe@J yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf jS zpfr,fv@kd ajymygw,f? 'Dvjdk zpfvmapzd@k twGuf armifat;&J zdwf=um;csuft& w±kwf'korRw r=umcifumvtwGif;
Edik if w
H umu u|r;f usiyf nm&Siaf wG/ okawoet&m&Sad wGe@J jrefrmtpd;k & jrefrmEdik if q H D a&mufvmr,fv@kd om az:jyxm;wmawG@&ygw,f?
[dw k avmu rdwaf qGwa,mufEiS phf um;pjrnfajym&if; jrefrmjynf rsm;oH;k I ygw. D rl0g' a&G;aumufyaJG =unmpmwrf;rsm;udk vufqifu h rf;
.vuf&t dS ajctaeta=umif;ajymjzpfco hJ nf? rdwaf qGu jynfwiG ;f Y jynfol jzef@a0cGiu hf kd ydwyf ifxm;onf? Tod@k jzifh PAP . rD', D mvuf0g;}u;D tkyf
trsm;qif;&J'kuQa&mufae&+yD; tajctaersm;onf ,cifuxufydkrdkqdk xm;r_ukd cdik jf raJ p&efvyk af qmifonf? PAP .wbufowf0g'jzef@r_ukd ydrk kd
&Gm;vmaeonf? txl;ojzifh tusifhpm&dwWydkif;wGifysufjym;ae=uonf? xda&muftompD;&ap&ef vkyaf qmifxm;jcif;jzpfonf? twdu k t f cHEikd if H
Edik if . H pD;yGm;a&;tajctae,dik ef @J vmae+y;D vltrsm;pk.pm;0wfaea&; tajc a&;orm;rsm;udk acgi;f raxmifEikd af p&ef vkyx f m;onf? tpd;k &t}u;D tuJ
taeydrk u kd syw f nf;um 'kuaQ wG@ae&onfuakd jymonf? jynfov l x l t k wGuf rsm;/ ygwDacgif;aqmifrsm;udk jypfwifa0zefr_rsm;ðyv#if toa&zsufr_
tedrq hf ;kH tqift h aejzifv h yk af qmifay;&rnfh tajccHae@pOfvrl b _ 0twGuf r[kwrf rSev f yk =f u0H g'jzef@r_jziffh w&m;pGo J nf? w&m;&H;k rsm; avsmaf =u;/ epfem
wm0efrsm;udk tpd;k &u ysuu f u G af er_rsm;tm; axmufjya0zefonf? a=u;/ '%faiGrsm;csrw S u f m a'0gvcD &H onft h qift h xda&mufap&ef vkyf
puFmyl/ w&kw/f AD,uferfuo hJ @kd aomEdik if rH sm;yif pD;yGm;a&;awmifh aqmifonf?
wif;cdik rf mvm+y;D wd;k wufvmaeonf? tpd;k &u vlx. k pm;0wfaea&;wd;k a'0gvcD &H olwOD;onf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&mufa&G;cs,cf yH ikd cf iG hf
wufvma&;twGuf tcGit hf vrf;rsm;udk zefw;D ay;aeonf? wd;k wufrr_ sm; r&Sd [kowfrw S x f m;onf? Edik if jH cm;od@k vnf; oGm;vmcGiyhf w d yf ifxm;onf?
onf rsujf rif'Xd jzpfonfukd axmufjyonf? us,jf yef@I&_yaf xG;cufco J nhf puFmyltpd;k &onf ygwED iS Ehf ikd if o H nf wom;wnf;jzpf onf xyfwjl zpfonf
EdkifiHa&;tajctaeudk aumif;aumif;em;rvnfaomfvnf; vlxk.pm; qdo k nfukd jynfov l x l =k um;xJwiG jf iif;y,fIr&yJ vufc&H onht f ajcqdu k f
0wfaea&;tajccHtqifjh ynfrh u D m 'Dru kd a&pDEiS v hf w G vf yfrr_ sm;&Sad pvdo k nfh ap&ef vkyaf qmifxm;onf/ jynfov l x l . k ae@pOfb0wGif 0ifa&mufpu G zf uf
ol.qENuakd jymjyonf? ESpaf ,mufom; tcsed t f awmf=umpum;ajymjzpf r_rsm;udðk yEdik o f r#ðyI&&ef vkyaf qmifxm;onf?
cJ+h y;D aemuf vrf;cGcJ =hJ uonf? jynfo@l a&;&mtzG@J tpnf; Civil Societ rsm;udk vGeq f efjiif;y,fI
tdrjf yefa&mufaomtcg ESpaf ,mufom;ajymqdck ahJ ompum;rsm;udk r&ap&ef Zufóu;udik x f m;onf? puFmyl.Edik if aH &;wnf+ird rf u _ kd t&Si;f &Sif
jyefvnfpOf;pm;&if; pmtkypf ifrpS mtkyw f csK@d ud, k u l m ud;k um;&eftwGuf tm%m&Sipf epfusio hf ;kH aeonhf w¶kw/f AD,uferfw@kd u tm;usaeonfrmS
jyefvnfzwf&&_ if; Taqmif;yg;udak &;jzpfco hJ nf? pD;yGm;a&;wd;k wufvma&; trSeyf if? xd@k twl xdu k o hJ @kd aomtjcm;Edik if rH sm;uvnf; twk,&l efóu;yrf;
wGif 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;u atmifjrifpmG azmfaqmifEikd o f avm/ tm%m&Sif vd=k uayrnf? od@k aomf vGepf mG ao;i,fvo S nh®f rj yEdik if aH v;wGiu f sio hf ;kH
Edik if rH sm;u atmifjrifpmG azmfaqmifEikd o f avmqdo k nfukd pOf;pm;awG;awm onfyh pkH u H kd urBmt h }u;D qH;k tm%m&SiEf ikd if jH zpfaom w¶kwt f wGuf erlem,l
avhvmrdco hJ nf? rdwaf qGerlemay;ajymqdck w hJ hJ puFmylEikd if H aemuf b,f p&myHkpHjzpfvmEdkif rnfavmqdkonfrSm pOf;pm;p&myifjzpfonf? puFmyl
'Dru kd a&pDEikd if H rSp;D yGm;a&;wd;k wufatmifaqmif&u G Ef ikd jf cif;r&Sad y? 1965 PAP ygwo D nf jynfojl ynfomrsm;. vlrz_ v l akH &;udprP sm;udk tav;xm;
ckEpS w f iG f rav;&Sm;Edik if rH cS x JG u G u f m vGwv f yfa&;&vmonhpf uFmylEikd if o H nf aqmif&u G af y;onf? tpd;k &xdyw f ef;0ef}u;D rsm;udk vpmaumif;aumif;ay;
qif;&Jvo S nf vlrsK;d a&;t&vnf; tm;enf;vSonf? rav;/ w¶kw/f tdE, dN xm;onf? wESpv f #if a':vmwoef;avmuftxd ay;xm;onf? tpd;k &
tEG,v f rl sK;d rsm; Edik if t H &G,t f pm;uvnf; tvGeaf o;onf? rav;&Sm;ESifh tzGJ@.vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf tvG,fwulodjrifem;vnfEdkifjcif;r&Sd
tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if w H @kd =um;wGif nyfaeonf? od@k aomfvnf; vDurG , f Ol ;D aqmif aomfvnf; urBmay:wGif tusiyfh suv f mbfpm;r_tenf;qH;k Edik if rH sm;xJrS
r_jzifh Edik if pH ;D yGm;a&;wd;k wufvmonf? urBmt h csr;f omqH;k Edik if H 25 Edik if w H iG f wEdkifiHjzpfonf? Todk@aomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tm%m&ygwDrsm;onf
wEdik if t H ygt0ifjzpfonf? ynmwwfvw l ef;pm;rsm;jym;+y;D ynma&;tqifh Edik if aH &;tm%mudk qufvufcsKyu f ikd Ef ikd &f efóu;yrf;ovdk xdo k @kd vkyaf qmif
twef;jrifrh m;onf? Edik if jH cm;t&ef&yH akH iG trsm;qH;k Edik if rH sm;xJwiG yf g0ifonf? &eftwGuf vdt k yfaomywf0ef;usiu f v kd nf; zefw;D xm;ayonf?
'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;jcif;r&Syd J tusiyhf suv f mbfpm; tenf;qH;k Edik if jH zpfonf? 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH [kwaf ompuFmylwiG f pD;yGm;a&;wd;k wufaecsed w f iG f
Edik if vH w G v f yfa&;+y;D uwnf;u jynfo@l v_y&f mS ;r_ygwD PAP onf w¶kwfonfvnf; pD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufzGH@®z;vmap&efvkyfaqmif&if; EdkifiH
v$waf wmftrwfae&mtm;vH;k eD;yg;avmufukd ,ae@wdik &f ,lcsKyu f ikd x f m; a&;t&tm %m&Sipf epfukd qufvuf&iS o f efa&;twGuf óu;pm;aeonf?
onf? tpd;k &onftm; pdraf c:vmolrsm;tm; zdEydS x f m;onf? Edik if aH &; 1986 ckEpS w f iG f w¶kwaf cgi;f aqmif wdeaf &Smufzed o f nf 0ef}u;D csKyaf usmuf
xdyo f ;D rsm;. tm%mt&Sed t f 0gukd xdyg;vmolrsm;udk wH@k aES;aejcif;r&Syd J us, d eftm; Edik if aH &;ðyjyifajymif;vJa&;qdik &f mrsm;udk avhvm&ef tzG@J wzG@J
oGuv f ufpmG ESyd u f yG o
f nf? zdEydS rf r_ sm;udk pepfwuswu G cf suaf &G;cs,+f y;D zG@J apcJo h nf? xdt k ,ltqudv k nf; w¶kwu f eG jf rLepfygwD xdyw f ef;acgi;f
rSvyk af qmifonf? xd;k ESuo f rl sm;udk wefjyefc&H olrsm;tjzpfo@kd a&muf&adS p aqmifrsm;xJwiG v f nf; vufc=H uonf? Edik if aH &;jyKjyifajymif;vJr_ rvkyv f #if
&ef vdrmR yg;eyfpmG jzifh bufaygi;f pHrk S tvH;k t&if;oH;k umESyd u f yG of nf? touf pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrr_ sm;udk a&S@quftaumiftxnfazmfIr&qdo k nfh
arG;0rf;ausmif;r_ðyIr&ap&efvyk af qmifonf? Edik if o H m;rsm;&&So d nht f ajc tcsut f ay: oabmwl=uonf? ausmufus, d efonf a'oEW&tqihf ygwD
cHtcGifhta&;rsm;udk tjynfht0rcHpm;Edkifap&efvkyfaqmifonf? jynfol a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif ,SOf®yifcGifhrsm;jyKapvdkonf? ol.&nfrSef;csufyef;
vlxt k m; tpd;k &udrk qef@usiEf iS hf qef@usiv f #if b0ysuo f mG ;Ekid of nf[l wdik rf mS vGwv f yfaom'Dru kd a&pD pepfqo D @kd ajymif;vJ&efr[kwf vGwv f yfr_
onht f csuu f kd od&adS eap&ef vkyaf qmifonf? rsm;&Sad p&efðyvkyx f m;onfh uGejf rLepfpepfjzpfonf? ygwu D ydrk w kd m0efcu H m
puFmylonf urBmtES@H &Sd tm%m&Sirf sm;twGuf trnfc'H rD u kd a&pD ydrk o kd jd rifem;vnfv, G &f ef vkyaf qmifxm;onhpf epfjzpfonf? wdeaf &Smuf
tjzpfjzifh pHðyp&mjzpfaeonf? Edik if aH &;ESiq hf ufE, G af om ¶ky&f iS rf sm;udk wm; zdeu f , kd w f ikd u f tm%m&Sipf epfukd vufrv$wEf ikd af =umif;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pD
jrpfyw d yf ifxm;onf? 2006 ckEpS u f usi;f ycJo h nhaf &G;aumufyw JG iG f Edik if H .tESpo f m&twdik ;f vdu k ef mtaumif txnfazmfEikd rf nfr[kwaf =umif;
a&;ygwrD sm;onf tifwmeufut kd oH;k ðyI rJq, G jf cif;rðycJah y? tD;ar;vf udq k o kd nf? ygwAD [dak umfrwDu 1987 ckEpS f atmufwb kd mvwGif ðyjyif
'DZifbm 14 / InnerCityPress ? ? jrefrmqkid &f m ukvor*~txl;oHtjzpf *rfbm&D.&mxl;qufc&H ef tdE, Nd rS Vijay Nambair tm;cef@tyfrnfjzpfa=umif;?
'DZifbm 18 / RGN ? ? Ekid if aH &;tusO;f usaeaom &Sr;f tJet f v J 'f rD S OD;cGex f eG ;f OD; use;f rma&;tajctaecsK@d wJh qk;d 0g;aea=umif;?
'DDZifbm 15 / BJG/RGN-Rtrs ? ? w¶kwf 'k-orw Xi Jinping onf jrefrmok@d ,cktywfxaJ &mufpOf e,fjcm;at;csr;f a&;ukd t"duaqG;aEG;zG,&f . dS ?
'DZifbm 16 / EarthTimes ? ? obm0"mwfaiG@rS 0ifaiG a':vmoef;cs&D ae&m tpk;d &rS pepfwuso;kH v#iaf cwfopfo@dk OD;wnfum wk;d wufrnf[k aejynfawmf
a&muf pD;yGm;ynm&Sif Ekb d v J q f &k iS f urBmb h %ft=uaH y;a[mif; a'guw f m pwpf*vpfwZf rf q S .
dk ?
'DZifbm 16 / RGN-AFP ? ? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tJet f v J 'f yD gwrD S OD;atmifa&$ 92 ESpf /O;D vGif 85 ESpf OD;vGe;f wif 89 ESpw f @dk tm; tpk;d &a*[mwGif 45
rdepfausmf awG@qH*k g&0ðyaqG;aEG;cGi&fh cJ. h ? ygwðD yjyifz@JG pnf;&ef 2003 xJurawG@&aom a':atmifqef;pk=unfrq S adk =umif; OD;vGirf q S dk.?
'DZifbm 16 / AP ? ? jrefrm/ tD&ef ok@d r[kwf ql'ef wEkid Ef idk if o H @dk OD;wnfonf[, k ql aom ajrmufu&dk ;D ,m;rSvufeufo,fav,Oftm; tar&duefowif;ay;
csujf zihf xkid ;f rS ppfaq;zrf;rd.?
'DZifbm 16 / Bloomberg ? ? etzonf a':pktm; awG@cJ&h aom tJet f v J 'f aD cgi;f aqmifo;kH OD;tjyif tm;vH;k ESiafh wG@cGiafh y;oihaf =umif; tar&duefrS qk. d ?
'DZifbm 16 / ChristianNewsWire ? ? 0g;yGiw hf rsK;d a=umifh ºuufrsm;aomif;use;f r_a=umifh csi;f jynfe,fwiG f iwfrw G af cgi;f yg;jcif; uyfEiS &hf ifqidk af e&a=umif;?
'DZifbm 16 / JKT-XNA? ? jrefrmonf 'Dru dk a&pDajzuk&d mS azGawG rh nf[k ,H=k unfa=umif;/ tcsed yf idk ;f omjzpfa=umif; tmqD,x H yd o f ;D oHwrefrsm;rSq. dk ?
'DZifbm 16 / DVB ? ? etzonf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; tJet f v J 'f v D }l u;D 3 OD;ESiafh wG@cGiafh y;r_tay: jrefrm jynfwiG ;f jynfyr[mrdwrf sm;rSóuqk. d ?
'DZifbm 16 / DVB ? ? ,m,DEidk if u H ;l vufrw S t f a&; jrefrmbufr=S uef@=umaea=umif;/ av#mufojl refrm 8 aomif;teuf 3 aomif;ompdppf+y;D a=umif;?
'DZifbm 16 / COPENHAGEN ? ? T®rw iG u f si;f yaeaomtjynfjynfqidk &f mnDvmcHwufaeaom 0ef}u;D OD;^m%f0if;tm; 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrS qENjycJah =umif;?
'DZifbm 17 / DVBtmabmf ? ? tar&duefp;D yGm;a&;yg&*l J. Stiglitz onf jrefrmjynfjyefvnfw;dk wufa&;twGuf enf;rsm;rSm od+y;D om;ESifh etzrlEiS fh wku d ¶f u dk q f ef@
usio f nf[, k q l &aomrlrsm;jzpf.?
'DZifbm 17 / Mizzima ? ? pD;yGm;a&;ESiEfh idk if aH &;onf cGrJ &I jrefrmonf bufpykH g0ifonfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;pOfudk usio hf ;kH &efvadk =umif; Ekb d v J qf &k iS f Joseph
Stiglitz rSq. dk ?
'DZifbm 17 / Mizzima ? ? tm&Sw;dk wufa&;b%fonf ra&;&m raocsm jrefrmok@d ukeo f ,G bf Àma&;ajyjypfa&; pDru H ed ;f wk;d cs&J efpw d rf 0ifpm;a=umif;?
'DZifbm 17 / Los Angeles Times ? ? xkid ;f wGiq f 0D ifjznhaf om vufeuf 18 oef;zk;d yg ajrmufu;dk &D;,m;av,Oftm;zrf;rdro _ nf ajrmufu;kd &D;,m;tm;
EsLuvD,m;aqG;aEG;yGpJ m;yGo J @dk wGe;f yk@d Ekid zf , G &f . dS ?
'DZifbm 17 / Irrawaddy ? ? 'DaubDatonf xkid ;f jrefrme,fpyfwiG f avSjzihf ukeu f ;l r_omru vluek u f ;l vnf;&Sad =umif;?
'DZifbm 17 / DVB ? ? vdi_ of m,m 0rfapmif;[rftxnfcsKypf uf¶rkH S trsK;d orD;vkyo f m;waxmifausmf ,ae@eHuf 6 em&DwiG f tcsuf 12 csuaf wmif;qkq d ENjy
cJah =umif;?
'DZifbm 17 / DVB ? ? jrif;jcrH S a'guw f m0ifo h El iS fh oHCmawmfrsm;tygt0if 16 OD; tr_udk rEav;tk;d bkad xmiftwGi;f txl;w&m;¶H;k rS ppfaq;jypf'%fp&D if.?
'DZifbm 17 / DVB ? ? jrefrm/ tD&ef / ql'ef/ vpfAsm;/ usL;bm;ponfh ppftpk;d &rsm;jzpfonfh emrnfysupf m&if;0ifrsm;.aiGrsm;ukd v$aJ jymifay;r_usL;vGeo f l
Credit Suisse b%ftm; tar&duefw&m;¶H;k rS jypf'%fa':vm oef; 530 csrw S . f ?
'DZifbm 17 / DVB ? ? 'ku d Of ;D wGif Ekid if aH wmfryS pJ u dk +f y;D tanmihx f u G cf sed w f iG f a&v$wv f udk I f yJrsm;ysupf ;D &a=umif; ?
'DZifbm 17 / DVB ? ? &efuek w f idk ;f / '*Hq k yd uf rf;®re ,frS 13 ESp/f 15 ESpt f ¶G,2f OD;tm; &JrzS rf;I [Hom0wDcav;xde;f odr;f a&;Xmeok@d yk@d &m rdbrsm;rS ausmif;
axmufcpH mjzihf vma&G;aomfvnf; jyefrxnfb h J txuftrde@f csrS jyefvw $ rf nf[k &JraS jyma=umif;?
'DZifbm 17 / NYT ? ? jrefrmppftpk;d &onf razmufb;l onfv h @l tcGit fh a&;r&So d avmuf vl@tcGit fh a&;azmufzsurf r_ sK;d pHpk mG qufvufusL;vGev f #u&f adS =umif;
urBmtm; xyfcgwvJvo J wday;&efvadk =umif; Benedict Rogers rS qk. d ?
'DZifbm 18 / DVB ? ? tJet f v J 'f AD [kt d vkyrf a_ qmifaumfrwDtm; jyifqifz@JG pnf;jy;D / A[kad umfrwDw;dk csrJ nht f a&;ukd ESpcf saD wmif;qko d rl sm;rS óuqkad =umif; ?
'DZifbm 18 / DVB ? ? zmyGew f iG f u&ifEpS o f pfu;l yGaJ e@wGif csed u f u dk Af ;kH ayguI f vl 7 OD; aoqH;k &m etzrS autif,v l ufcsu[ f k etzrSpyG pf . JG ? autif,rl jS iif;.?
'DZifbm 18 / DVB ? ? ukn d n D aD tmif (ukad usmaf ZmvGi)f tr_udk tif;pdeaf xmifwiG ;f txl;w&m;¶H;k wGif qufvufppfaq;./ a&S@¶H;k csed ;f rSm 'DZifbm29 jzpf.?
'DZifbm 18 / DVB ? ? ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifuu dk }dk u;D 48 ESpaf jrmufarG;ae@&nfp;l I oHCmrsm;tm; nDawmforl 'S geðycJah =umif;?
'DZifbm 18 / Mizzima ? ? ygwjD yefvnfz@JG pnf;&ef tJet f v
J 'f . D ajcvSr;f ukd jrefrmjynfwiG ;f &Sd wkid ;f &if;om;tzG@J rsm;rS óuqkv d u dk af =umif;?
'DZifbm 18 / Nation ? ? jrefrmppftpk;d &ok@d xkpd Of xkid ;f 0ef}u;D csKyf Thaksin rS acs;&efta=umif;rjynfph b kH J Ekid if yH idk b
f wfaiG 76 bDv, D aH cs;cJjh cif; tr_
ppfaq;r_ tqH;k owfyidk ;f a&mufae&m jrefrmok@d OD;wnfaea=umif;?
'DZifbm 18 / ZeeNews ? ? rDZ&dk rfrjS refrmok@d uDvrdk w D m 100 ta0;ajy;um;vrf;ukd ¶ly, D m 65 oef;tukecf aH qmuf&ef tdE, dN tpk;d &rS oabmwlc. hJ ?
'DZifbm 18 / WTN ? ? jrefrmppftpk;d &tay: tmqD,. H constructive engagement rlonf ratmifjrif[k tar&duefueG *f &ufxw k jf yefcsurf q S . dk ?
ygwDjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;
tJeftJvf'D&J@touft&G,f}uD;&ifhtdkrif;ae+yDjzpfwJhacgif;aqmif
OD;atmifa&$/ OD;vGi/f OD;vGe;f wifw@kd udk a':atmifqef;pk=unfu awG@qH*k g&0
ðycJw h ek ;f u ygwAD [dtk vkytf r_aqmifaumfrwDukd jyefvnfz@JG pnf;cGijhf yKz@kd
LLZN
awmif;qdck &hJ mrSm vl}u;D awGu oabmwlciG jhfyKcw hJ ,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? ygwx D uJ
touf 60 wef;vl}u;D awG A[kt d vkytf r_aqmiftzG@J 0ifjzpfvmzd@k &m
&Syd gw,f? tvkyf rvkyEf ikd af wmhwo hJ al wGae&mrSm tvkyv f yk Ef ikd w
f o
hJ al wG
u&ifESpfopful;AHk; eJ@tpm;xd;k zd@k [m atmif jrifr&_ zd@k aomhcsuw f ckjzpfygw,f? (INDEPEN-
u&ifjynfe,fzmyGefrSm u&ifESpfopful;ae@wkef;u aps;xJrSmAHk; DENT, VOB, 15.12.2009)
ayguu f cJG whJ thJ wGuf tenf;qH;k vl 6 a,mufaoqH;k +y;D 12 a,muf'%f&m
&cJw
h ,fv@kd od&ygw,f? ESpo f pfu;l yGaJ wmfusi;f yaewke;f n 9 em&DrmS pdkufysKd;a&;tm;xm;yg
ayguuf w JG mvd@k qdyk gw,f? tckxad wmh b,fo@l vufcsuq f w kd m twdtus
rajymEdik af o;ayr,fh etz uawmh xH;k pHtwdik ;f autJe, f &l @J vufcsujf zpf pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f mEdb k v J q f &k iS f urBmb h %ft=uaH y;yk*Kd~ vf pwpf*v f pfZf
w,fv@kd qdv k u kd yf gw,f? (AFP, 16.12.2009) u etz &J@ aejynfawmf=uyfajy;rSmjyKvyk w f hJ ES;D aESmzvS,yf w JG ckrmS Edik if H
a&;eJ@pD;yGm;a&;[m cGjJ cm;xm;vd@k r&wJt h &mjzpfw,fqw kd t hJ a=umif;eJ@ jref
jrefrmhtultnDawmif;cHr_ray;Edkifao; rmEdik if tH aeeJ@ pduk yf sK;d a&;tay:rSm ydrk akd Zmif;ay;vkyaf qmif+y;D wd;k wufr_
awG& atmifvyk zf @kd wdu k w f eG ;f t=uaH y;oGm;ygw,f? rsK;d aph "mwfajr=oZm
tm&Sz@HG +zKd ;a&;b%f at'DbD u jrefrmEdik if &H @J aiGacs;iSm;r_awGtwGuf pwmawGtwGuf aiGa=u;axmufyo hH ;kH pGzJ @kd vdo
k vd/k use;f rma&;eJ@ynma&;
xkwfay;zdk@&mtajctaeawG vHkavmufr_r&Sdao;bl;vdk@qdk+yD; ukefoG,f tvkyt f udik f ae&mzefw;D a&;pwmawGrmS oH;k pGrJ a_ wGjriS w fh ifz@kd ajymqdo
k mG ;
a&;qdik f &maiGa=u;axmufyrhH a_ wGtwGuf awmif;qdck suu f kd y,fcsvu
kd f ygw,f? tJ'gtjyif ppfreS w f w hJ ;kd wufr/_ vHjk cKH ra_ wG&zd@k us,jf yef@wJh vkyaf qmif
ygw,f? ukeo f , G af &;qdik &f m aiGa=u;pm&if; v$aJ jymif;r_awGtwGuf at'DbD r_awGvyk zf @kd vdwk ,fv@kd vnf; ajymqdo k mG ;ygw,f? (EARTH TIMES, VOB
u tmrcHcsufay;wJh tJ'DtpDpOfudk 2004 ckESpfrSmpwifcJhayr,fhvnf; 16.12.2009)
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG v
f @l tcGithf a&;eJ@ 'Drukd a&pDa&;wd@k aESmifah ES;=uef@=umr_awG
a=umifh acs;aiGrsm;udk rxkwaf y; bl;qdw k hJ &yfwnfcsu&f ydS gw,f? (AUS- puFmylrSynmoifqk
TRALIAN NETWORK NEWS, 14.12.2009)
puFmyluwuUov kd f 3 ck [m jrefrmEdik if rH mS vlom;t&if;tjrpfz@HG ®z;
e,fjcm;apmihfwyfrjzpfvdkyg wd;k wufapzd@k qd+k y;D wuUov kd yf nmoifaxmufyahH =u; tjynhaf y;wmawGukd
wd;k jriS v
hf yk af qmifaew,fv@kd od&ygw,f? erf,ef;wuUov kd /f puFmylt
etz u typftcwf&yfpw J ikd ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd w f yfz@GJ awGukd
rsK;d om;wuUov kd /f puFmylprD cH ef@cGaJ &;wuUovdk w f @kd u ynmoifaxmufyhH
e,fjcm;apmihw f yftjzpfe@J ajymif;vJ+y;D olw@kd &J@=oZmt&Sed t f 0g atmufxJ
a=u;udk tjynft h 0ay;rSmyg? tJ'gtjyif wjcm;aumvdyaf wG/ odyaH` usmif;
udo
k w
G of iG ;f r,ft
h pDtpOfukd vdu k ef mtaumiftxnfazmfz@kd t}u;D tus,f
awGuvnf; jrefrmausmif;om;awGtwGuf axmufyrhH a_ wG ydrk v kd yk rf ,f
zdtm;ay;aeygw,f? 'ga=umihf +ird ;f tzG@J vd@k ac:ae=uwJh typftcwf&yfpJ
vd@k vnf; od&ygw,f? (BUSINESS GHANA, 15.12.2009)
xm;wJth zG@J awG=um;xJrmS uGv J rJG a_ wG/ r+ird ;f csr;f r_awGjzpfay:aeygw,f?
tiftm; av; ig;axmifavmuf&w dS hJ tufpt f ufpaf t- ajrmufyikd ;f wyfz@JG
xJu 200 avmufbJ e,fjcm;apmihw f yfvyk rf ,fv@kd qdwk t hJ wGuf etz
bufu 'Dta&twGuu f kd rauseyfv@kd zdtm;ay;r_awGyrkd v kd yk af eygw,f?
bdef;ydkpdkufae+yD
(VOB, 17,12.2009)
&Srf;jynfe,fxJrSm wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifawG[m bdef;pdkuf
qef=urf;aps;wuf ysK;d r_awGukd ydrk v kd yk af ew,fv@kd ukvor*~&@J rl;,pfa;q;0g;qdik &f mtzG@J u
{nhrf x / ZD,m pwJh qef=urf;aps;awG[m &efuek rf mS usaew,fv@kd tpD&ifcpH mwapmifxrJ mS azmfjyvdu k yf gw,f/ jrefrmppftpd;k &u olw@kd udk
od&ygw,f? wwif;cGt J w d u
f kd usyf waomif;oH;k axmif &Syd gw,f/ Edik if jH cm;udk wdu k cf u
kd rf a_ wGrvkyv f mcifrmS vufeufawG0,fEikd zf @kd tckvbkd ed ;f ydpk u
dk w
f mvd@k
wify@kd cGiyhf grpf rcswthJ wGuf tckvakd ps;usomG ;wmjzpfygw,f? qefacsm tpD&ifcpH m uqdyk gw,f? jrefrmEdik if t H a&S@ajrmufyikd ;f rSm rwnf+ird rf a_ wG
ay:qef;ar$;uawmh jr0wDuaewqifh jynfyyd@k uket f jzpfe@J xGuaf ew,fv@kd jzpfymG ;wm[m rl;,pfaq;aps;uGut f ay: tusK;d oufa&mufra_ wGjzpfap
ukeo f nf awGuajymygw,f? {&m0wDuqefawG &efuek u f t
kd 0ifrsm;w,f +y;D vufeufawG0,f,l odak vSmifEikd zf @kd rl;,pfaq;awG ydrk akd &mif;csaew,f
vk@d vnf; od&ygw,f? (DVB, 17.12.2009) vd@k vnf; azmfjyxm;ygw,f? (REUTERS, 14.12.2009)
DVB / 'DZifbm 16 ? ? t&ifwek ;f u aps;rmaewJh {nfrh xwd@k ZD,m r_atmifjrifw,f ratmifjrifb;l qdw k m rod&ayr,fh qENjyr_uawmh +y;D oGm;
wd@k vdk qef=urf;aps;awG 'DwywftawmtwGi;f usvmw,fv@kd zsmyHu k +yv D @kd a&Sa eOD;^m%f0if;u ajymjyygw,f?
qefuek o f nfwa,mufu ajymygw,f? vuf&dS zsmyHb k ufu qefayguaf ps; ol@use;f rma&; tajctaevnf; aumif;ygw,fqw dk m ajymw,f/
awGuv kd nf; tJ'h D qefuek o f nfawGu ajymjyygw,f? enf;enf;awmh ydeo f mG ;w,f/ udpaP wG+y;D oGm;+yv D @dk ajymygw,f?
qefaps;u avmavmq,f wwif;cGJ wtdwu f kd 16000 usyf 'Dae@w&m;±H;k =um;em&mrSm &efuek t f ar&duefo±H ;kH u aumifppf0ef
avmuf&w dS ,f? qef=urf;u 13000 usyaf vmuf&w dS ,f? qef=urf;u enf; aumvif;zmhxf Colin Furft wufa&mufciG &hf w,fv@dk oH±;kH jyef=um;a&;
enf;usaewmayg?h wywfavmuf&o dS mG ;+yD 14500 usyuf ae usomG ;wm? wm0efcH Richard Mei u ajymygw,f?
qef=urf;u avmavmq,f tdwcf syf @kd pfu r&Sad o;wJh oabmayg?h udkausmfaZmvGif tpm;tpmjyefpm;ae+yDvdk@ twnfðycsuf&yg
&efuek rf mS awmh qef=urf;aps;awGu &S,w f tdwuf kd 14800 usyef @J w,f? udak usmaf ZmvGief @J wku d ±f u dk af wG@qHak qG;aEG;cGi&hf zd@k arwWm&yfcx H m;
±d;k ±d;k u 13500 usyf aps;&Sad eygw,f? qef=urf;u vuf&dS tdwpf yd@k wif wJu h pd tP wGuf wH@k jyefcsuu f akd wmh usaemfw@dk apmifah ewke;f ygy?J 'Duae@
aewmrd@k aps;rmaewm jzpfygw,f? tck&ufyikd ;f uawmh t&ifcsay;xm;wJh udak usmaf ZmvGief @J w&m;0ifawG@qkcH iG /hf ar;jref;cGirhf &vku d yf gb;l ? w&m;±k;H
ygrpfe@J yd@k aewJq h efawG tukerf yd@k &ao;vd@k aemufxyfygrpfawG csray;ao; =um;emr_uvnf; tcsed o f yd rf =umvku d yf gb;l ?
wmvd@k &efuek f bk&ifah emifu qefy±JG w kH cku ajymygw,f? +y;D cJw
h t hJ ywf aom=umae@u udn k n D aD tmif&@J use;f rma&;a=umifh
tck&ufydkif; jr0wDe,fpyfvrf;a=umif;uae qefacsm(ay:qef; ±k;H rxkwEf ikd cf w hJ t hJ jyif ukn d n D aD tmife@J ol@rdom;pkwevFmae@u axmif0if
ar$;)awG tdwcf syf @kd pfomG ;w,fv@kd vnf; ajymygw,f? tck&ufyikd ;f qefopf pmawG@cGifhr&cJhygbl;? vmr,fh wevFmae@rSmawmh awG@cGifh&Edkifr,fvdk@
awGyJ {&m0wDwikd ;f uae &efuek u f kd t0ifrsm;ae+y;D w&ufukd qefopftw d f ar#mv f ifw h ,fv@kd udn k nD aD tmif&@J ta': a':cifcifaqGu ajymygw,f? use;f
aygif; 70000 avmuf0ifaeygw,f? +yD;cJhwJh atmufwdkbmvqef;u rma&;aumif;rGew f mawG@&vd@k vnf; 0rf;omw,fv@dk vnf; ajymygw,f?
{&m0wDwikd ;f u qeft0ifenf;cJ+h y;D qef=urf;aps;awGu qefacsmaps;xuf w&m;0ifjynf0ifciG Ahf ZD meJ@ jrefrmjynfujkd yefomG ;wJh udn k n D aD tmifukd r*Fvm
awmif wufcw hJ ,fv@kd ajymqdyk gw,f? 'kaH vqdyrf mS tm%mydik af wGu pufwifbm 3 &ufrmS zrf;qD;vdu k wf myg?
December 20, 2009 Voice of Burma 741 Page 13
Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;rsm;twGuf a&Sa evku
d cf iG fh uef@owfc&H
DVB / 'DZifbm 14 ? ? tm%mykid af wGu Edik if aH &;eJ@qufE, $ +f y;D zrf; 'Djy\emwufaevk@d pD&ifcsucf sr&bJe@J jrif;+cu H =um;+y;D awmh ausmufyef;
qD;xm;wJh rEav;wdik ;f u oHCmawmfawGeJ vly*k Kd~ vf 16 OD;twGuf a&S@ awmif;wk@d / yk*aH nmifO;D wk@d olw@kd aemufukd odyrf vku d w f hJ olawGudk twif;
aevdu k cf iG u fh kd uef@owfaeygw,f? csawmhr,f?
Edik if aH &;wufºuolawGjzpfwhJ jrif;+c®H ru udrk sK;d [ef/ a'guw f m0iho f /l jrif;+c®H ru OD;yO
i;f OD;eEN0o
H &J ESrawmf q&mav;wyg;vnf; ol@
udvk rS sK;d ausm/f udpk ;dk &mZmjzL/ OD;yO
i;f OD;eEN0o H / udak 0®z;/ ud=k unfp;kd / udo k ef; tpfuakd wmftwGuf td;k bdak xmifukd 'Dae@a&muf&+dS y;D w&m;cGief m;axmif
xdu k af tmif/ ukEd ikd /f ausmufyef;awmif;u OD;yO
i;f OD;aZmwdu/ udv k wfe@J cGihf&rvm;qdk+yD; a&muf&Sdaeygw,f? tJ'D q&mav;u olwdk@udk bmrS
ud&k aJ cgi/f anmifO;D u 0oke/f ud0k oke&f @J tpfreJ q&mOD;aZmfaZmfwdk udk tm ta=umif;r=um;bl;vd@k ajymygw,f?
%mykid af wGu +y;D cJw h hJ pufwifbmrSm zrf;qD;cJ+h y;D rEav; td;k bkad xmifwiG ;f 'DtwGi;f xJwif ay;0ifw,f/ t&ifwacguu f r0if&bl;/ tr_u
txl;w&m;±H;k rSm yk'rf trsK;d rsK;d eJ@±H;k xkwpf pfaq;aewmyg? pzrf;uwnf;u awmh bmtr_&,fvkd@ rajymao;bl;? 7 r_vkd@awmhajymw,f? tcku
bma=umihzf rf;w,f/ b,fuakd c:w,f/ bmr_e@J w&m;pJrG ,fqw kd m bmrS ausmufyef;awmif;u vlawGppfaew,f?
ta=umif;r=um;bJ axmifwiG ;f rSm ±H;k xkwaf ewmvnf;jzpfygw,f? 'DoC H m w&m;pGcJ &H olawGtwGuf a&Sa e OD;jriho f iG /f OD;a&$v/S OD;rsK;d aqGe@J
awmfawGeJ vly*k Kd~ vaf wG wdww f qdwf w&m;±H;k xkwcf aH e&wmudk rdom;pk OD;ausmpf ;kd vif;wd@k vku d yf gaqmif&uG zf @dk rdom;pkawGu tm%mydik af wGqD
awGu ud, k efh nf;ud, k [ fh efe@J od&vd@k jrif;+c®H ru rdom;pk0ifawG td;k bdak xmif wifjyayr,hf 2 OD;yJ cGiðfh ycsu&f w,fv@kd udrk sK;d [ef&@J tpfru ajymygw,f?
udk 'Dae@vdu k o f mG ;ygw,f? w&m;pGcJ &H olawGbufu pdwóf uufa&Sa e iSm; OD;jrifo h iG &f ,f olw@k w
d ynfah v; ausmpf ;dk vif;&,f 2 a,mufyJ
csiw f mudk tm%mydik af wGu cGirhf ðybl;vd@k ±H;k xkwcf aH e&olawGxu J wOD; vufcHw,f/ OD;a&$vSeJ@OD;rsKd;aqGukd tvkdufrcHbl;/ olwkd@xGuftvmukd
jzpfwhJ udrk sK;d [ef&@J tpfru ajymjyygw,f? 'Daxmifxu J ae 4 em&Davmuf txdapmif&h OD;r,f?
tck usrwk@d rEav;tk;d bkad xmifxrJ mS wzJ@G vk;H a&mufaew,f? tck w&m;&ifqikd af e&olawG[m vlra_ &;vkyif ef;awG wufwuf
ausmufyef;awmif; tr_=um;em+y;D pD&ifcsucf sz@dk jrefjrefvyk af e+yw D ?hJ tck ºuºuaqmif&u G af e=uolawGjzpfovdk a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if Edik if H
a&Sa ejy\emwufaevk@d usrwk@d ukd rcsay;wm/ jrif;+caH xmifxu J a&Sae a&;tusO;f om;awG vGwaf jrmufa&;v_y&f mS ;aeolvnf; jzpfygw,f?
ayg?h }uH zGH a&Sa eukid mS ;ckid wf ,f? axmifxaJ c:vm+y;D 'Dval wGuikd mS ;ayg/h ESpf
ode;f usw,fv@dk ajymawmh ac:+y;D awm tukev
rSriSm;bl;? rsK;d [ef/ a'guw f m0ifo
f ;Hk ukd iSm;ckid ;f w,f/ wa,muf
h /l a0®z;&,fu cH+y;D ajymawmh olw@dk ukd
nDnDatmifusef;rma&; rdom;pkpdk;&drf
qufrppfbJeJ@ usefwJholawG twif;ppf+yD; twif;csbkd@vkyfaew,f? DVB / 'DZifbm 14 ? ? tif;pdefaxmifxJrSm tpmiwfcHqENjyaewJh
tar&duefEikd if o H m; udn k n D aD tmif (ac:) udak usmaf ZmfviG &f @J use;f rma&;
tusO;f om;vGwaf &; +Aw
d ed v
f aH_ qmf twGuf rdom;pkupk;d &draf eygw,f?
+y;D cJw
h hJ wevFm axmif0ifpmawG@pOfu tpmiwfcq H ENjyaew,fv@kd
DVB / 'DZifbm 14 ? ? jAw d ed Ef ikd if jH cm;a&;Xme FCO &J@ jrefrmEdik if u H ta':jzpfou l kd ajymvdu k +f y;D uwnf;u axmif0ifpmxyfawG@vnf;r&/ ±k;H
Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;awG vGwaf jrmufa&;vHa_ qmfvy_ &f mS ;r_ukd oufqikd o f l csed ;f &ufrmS vnf; ±k;H rxkww f ma=umifh rdom;pkupd;k &draf ewmyg? tif;pdef
Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; rdom;pkawGu olw@kd twGuf tm;wcktjzpf vdu _ vf u _d f axmifrmS 'Dae@axmif0ifpm oGm;awG@awmhvnf; awG@cGirhf &bJ tm%mydik f
vSv J óJS uqdv k u
dk yf gw,f? awGuvnf; tajcaeudk &Si;f rjyvd@k wljzpfo&l @J use;f rm;a&;twGuf txl;
yxrqH;k bl;oD;awmifaxmifrmS tusO;f uscaH e&wJh 88 rsKd ;quf pd;k &drwf ,fv@kd udn k n D aD tmif&@J ta': a':pkp=k unfu ajymygw,f?
ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif udak X;ºu,f.nDr rcifrrd ºd u,fu Edik if aH &;tusO;f ygq,fay;awmh axmifykdifwOD;udkar;w,f/ zkef;quf+yD;awmh
om;awGukd arhovdjk zpfaewJt h csed rf mS jAw d ed t f pd;k &&J@v_y&f mS ;r_[m ar#mv f ifh ar;w,f/ tpmiwfcH qENjyvkyw f m xGu+f yv D m;/ +y;D +yv D m; udn k n
D aD tmif
csuw f ck jzpfvmygapw,fv@kd tckvkd ajymjyygw,f? pm;aomufz@dk ukd b,fvdk yd@k &rvJ/ tzwfy@dk &rSmvm;/ t&nfyJ yk@d &rSmvm;ar;
'Dvrdk sK;d &yfwnfay;w,fqadk wmh vlawGurarhawmhb;l ayg/h tr awmh tJ'g olw@dk rodygb;l yJ ajymygw,f?
&,f/ tckq&dk if arhcsiaf eovkd jzpfaewmayg/h tajctaet&a=umifah v/ +y;D cJwh hJ aom=umae@ udn k nD aD tmif&@J ±k;H csed ;f wke;f u use;f rma&;
tJvrkd sK;d qk&d ifawmh usrwk@d twGuf ar#mv f ifch su&f adS o;wmayg/h tpwke;f a=umifh ±k;H csed ;f zsuv f ukd &f ygw,f? udn k nD aD tmif tpmiwfcq H ENjyaewm
uawmh tud@k twGuu f ar#mv f ifch suu f awmfawmfa0;aewmaygh tr&,f/ 'Dae@ygq&kd if 9 &uf&EdS ikd w f ,fv@kd ol@&J@a&S@ae OD;^m%f0if;u ajymygw,f?
tckvu dk sawmh 0rf;awmh0rf;omwmaygah emf/ ud, k w
hf uG af r#mv
f ifch suaf &mif aemufq;Hk awGwke;f u olu tm;vk;H aumif;w,f? 'gayrJh awG+y;D
jcnfav;wck awmh&wmayg?h wJah emufw&ufEpS &f ufup+y;D tpmiwfcq H ENjyvkyw f ,fq+dk y;D awmh ol@
uav;®ra xmifrmS tusO;f uscaH e&wJh oHCmv_y&f mS ;r_acgi;f aqmif ta':awGu ajymygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh enf;enf;pk;d &drw f ,f/ usaemfw@kd tae
t&Si*f rD&R &J@rdcif a':a&;uawmh Edik if w H umu jrefrmhEikd if aH &;tusO;f om; eJ@ axmifrmS ukn d nD aD tmife@J awGcGiahf y;zk@d =umoyaw;ae@avmuf pm
awGukd ypfrxm;bl;qdw k m od&vd@k 0rf;omwJt h a=umif; tckvkd ajymygw,f? wifrvk@d rSe;f ygw,f?
tckvdk tpd;k &ud, k w f idk vf yk w f ,fqadk wmh xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jzpfpOfw udn k n D aD tmifukd +y;D cJw h hJ pufwifbm 3 &uf &efuek f r*Fvm'Hak v
ck&,f aemufy+kd y;D tusK;d oufa&mufr_ &Sv d rd rhf ,fv@kd xifw,f/ tefwu D qdyrf mS tm%mydik af wGu zrf;qD;cJw h myg? tpd;k &u udn k n D aD tmifukd azmuf
aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ tefww D @dk u rvkyEf idk b f ;l av/ olw@dk u wu,fwef; cGaJ &;/ qlyrl j_ zpfatmifzefw;D r_awG usL;vGew f ,fv@kd owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGrJ mS
ae&ifvnf; aevd@k &wJu h pd }P u;D udk tckvv dk yk af y;wm aus;Zl;wifw,f/ tef ajymqdck yhJ gw,f? vuf&rdS mS awmh udn k nD aD tmifukd Edik if jH cm;aiGuikd af qmifr/_
wDuawmh om;u 68 ESp}f u;D usw,fqakd wmh tJvadk v;awG vkyaf y;&if rSwyf w kH if twkvyk rf /_ vdrv f nfra_ wGe@J w&m;pGq J xkd m;ygw,f? ol@tr_e@J
awmh jrefjrefqefqefvw G v f mvdrrhf ,fv@kd ar#mv f ifwh ,f? ywfouf+y;D w&m;vdjk youfaoawGukd pwifppfaq;ae+yv D @kd od&ygw,f?
qnfa&óuv$wv
f u
dk v
f @dk yJpu
kd af wmiforl sm; ysupf ;D epfemqH;k ±H;_
DVB / 'DZifbm 17 ? ? yJc;l wdik ;f 'du
k Of ;D ®re ,frmS qnfa&óuv$wv f u kd f (pufwifbm/ atmufwkdbm)rSm &dwfodrf;avh&Sdovdk wefaqmifrkef;eJ@
wma=umifh pdu k yf sK;d +y;D cgp yJawGysupf ;D +y;D yJpu kd af wmifow l csK@d tcufñuH ewfawmfv (Ed0k ifbm/ 'DZifbm) awGrmS yJpu kd yf sK;d +y;D waygi;f v (azazmf0g&/D
aeygw,f? rwf) rSm &dwo f rd ;f avh&ydS gw,f? waygi;f veJ@ wefc;l vawGrmS rS aEGpyg;
yJc;l wdik ;f u Adik ;f em;qnf&@J a&wHwcg;wckjzpfwhJ vSn;f 0dik ;f a&wHcg; p+y;D pduk yf sKd ;avh&w
dS ,fv@kd awmifoal wGu ajymygw,f? yJ pwifpu kd yf sK;d csed f
ukd 'DZifbm 16 &ufu pwif+y;D a&v$wv f u kd w f ma=umifh qnfa&aomuf rSm aEGpyg;twGuf a&udók uv$ww f ma=umifh pdu k x f m;wJyh aJ wG ysupf ;D ukef
{&d,mawGtxJygwhJ 'du k Of ;D ®re ,f Asu}f u;D aus;&Gmtkypf u k yJpu kd af wmif +yv
D @kd awmifoal emufwOD;u ajymygw,f?
olawGtcufñuaH e=uwmyg? v,f,mpdu k yf sK;d a&ESihf qnfajrmif;0ef}u;D Xm yJu tckrS tyifaygucf gpyJ &daS o;w,f? aemufpyg;twGuf a&
eu &moDtvdu k f rd;k pyg;/ yJe@J aEGpyg;udk pDru H ed ;f eJ@pdu
k zf @kd awmifoal wGukd v$waf wmh usaemfw@dk yJvnf;qk;H ±H;_ rSmyJ? tJ'aD wmh pyg;vnf; jyefpu dk Ef idk rf mS
!¸e=f um;xm;ygw,f? 'D!e¸ =f um;csuaf =umifh awmifoal wG umvwdk oD;ESH r[kwaf wmhb;l ? &dw S phJ yg;av;awGuvnf; ±ku d yf w k f a&mif;cs+y;D yJrsK;d aph0,f
jzpfwhJ yJawG pwifpu kd yf sK;d aecsed rf mS qnfajrmif;Xmeu aEGpyg;twGuf a&óu =u&ygw,f? rwfyq J &dk if wwif;ukd 40000/ yJwpD rd ;f qk&d if wwif;ukd
v$wv f u
kd w
f mvd@k Asu}f u;D aus;&Gmtkypf u k awmifow l OD;u ajymygw,f? 48000 0,fus&J ygw,f? tck usaemfw@dk a&Sv qk&d if b%ftaºu;awG
Ekid if aH wmfuae usaemfw@dk v,form;awGudk yJ+y;D rS pyg;pku d &f r,f u awmif;awmhr,f? usaemfw@dk 'DyaJ wG ysupf ;D ukeaf wmh b,fvrdk S qyfp
qk+d y;D awmh tpnf;ta0;vkyw f ,f? tck yJvnf;}u+J y;D t!¸e@f uav;awG &m ar#mv f ifch surf &daS wmhygb;l ?
vnf; xGuaf &m a&v$wv f udk w f ,f? yJ rsK;d wwif;ukd 40000 ausmf 0,f umvwdo k ED HS yJpukd yf sKd ;&moDrmS aEGpyg;twGuf a&v$wv f u kd w f m
pku
d &f wmqdak wmhh usaemfw@dk v,form;awGrmS awmif;p&mcGuaf wmif eJ@ ywfouf+y;D Adik ;f em;qnf wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vaf wGukd qufo, G af r;jref;vd@k
r&daS wmhb;l ? r&ygb;l ? 'Dvkd qnfa&óuv$wrf a_ wG[m vGecf w hJ hJ &ufyikd ;f uvnf; yJc;l wkid ;f
jrefrmjynf&@J pdu k yf sK;d &moDawGrmS awmh rd;k pyg;udk oDwif;u|wv f om,m0wDòre ,f ta&S@jcrf; aus;&GmwcsK@d rSm jzpfcyhJ gw,f?
pufrZ_ ek w
f iG f tvkyo
f rm;rsm; vkyt
f m;cwk;d jri ahf y;&ef qENjyawmif;qkd
NEJ / 'DZifbm 17 ? ? v_id o
f m,m®re ,f pufrZ_ ek f 3 &Sd Weng Hong vkyif ef;rsm;raumif;vk@d txnfcsKypf uf¶t Hk ygt0if tcsK@d puf¶rHk sm; vkyif ef;
Hung txnfcsKyp
f uf¶eHk @J qefezD ed yfpuf¶w
Hk @dk rSm tvkyo
f rm;rsm; vkyt
f m; &yfem;cJ&h ygw,f? rESpu f vnf; urBmph ;D yGm;a&;ysuu f yfa=umifh puf¶rHk sm;
cwkd;jrifhawmif;qkdr_rsm;jzpfyGm;aea=umif; v_difom,m®re,f tvkyf¶kHeJ@ ykrd t
dk cuftcJawG@cJ&h a=umif; tqkyd g wm0ef&o dS al wGu ajymygw,f? tJ'D
tvkyo f rm;Oya' ppfaq;a&;XmerS ajymcGiu hf ajymygw,f? pufrZ_ ek rf mS puf¶rHk sm;ukd rSw
D if;vkyu
f idk pf m;aomufae=uwJh tvkyo f rm;
tJ'v D dk awmif;qkrd r_ sm;ukd qefezD ed yfpuf¶u Hk +y;D cJw h hJ 3 &ufu pwif aygi;f 5 aomif;ausm&f +dS y;D / trsm;pkrmS e,frv S ma&mufvyk u f idk o
f rl sm;jzpff
cJw
h mjzpf+y;D b,fvadk qmif¶u G rf ,fqw dk mukd pufrZ_ ek pf rD cH ef@cGaJ &;/ jynfxJ a=umif;/ vkyt f m;crSmvnf; puf¶Hk w¶keH @J w¶krH wlnaD =umif;vnf; od&&dS yg
a&;eJ@ tvkyo f rm;!$e=f um;r_O;D pD;Xmewk@d u aqmif¶u G af ea=umif; tJ'aD jym w,f?
cGi&hf ajymygw,f? 'Duae@rSm Weng Hong Hung txnfcsKyfpuf¶kHrS
tvkyo f rm;rsm;u reuf 8 em&DrpS wifum vkyt f m;cwk;d jri ahf wmif;qkrd _
rsm;ukd qufvufðyvkyaf e=uw,fv@dk v_id o f m,mpufrZ_ ek rf S ®re ,ft f yk cf sKyf udkudk}uD; 48 ESpfajrmufarG;ae 'geðy
a&;t&m&Sw d OD;u acwf®yifudk tckvadk jymygw,f?
DVB / 'DZifbm 18 ? ? 88 rsK;d qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifuu kd }kd u;D
tvkyo f rm;awGu vpmukd t"duawmif;qk=d uwm/ qefezD ed yf
&J@ 48 ESpaf jrmufarG;aeudk &nfp;l +y;D ol nDu tusO;f ±k;H +y;D tv'geðyvkyf
puf¶eHk @J Weng Hong Hung txnfcsKypf uf¶aHk wGrmS jzpfwmyg? olw@dk awmif;
wJvh yk t f m;cukd tvky&f iS u f ay;Ekid rf ,frxifb;l / puf¶u Hk dk ydw&f r,ft h ajc ygw,f?
taeawmif jzpfEidk w f ,f? &Sr;f jynfe,f rdik ;f qwfaxmifrmS axmif'%f 65 ESpu f scaH e&wJh 88
tvkyo f rm;rsm;&J@ vpmeJ@awmif;qkcd sut f wdtusudk xkwaf zmf rsK;d qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif udu k }kd u;D twGuf ol nD udak tmifatmif
rajymqkad omfvnf; vkyt f m;ctwGuf awmif;qkjd cif;jzpfw,fv@kd tJ't D yk f xGe;f u oHCmawmf 5 yg;udk 'Dae@reuf t±k%q f rG ;f uyfvw ,fvkd ajym
csKyaf &;t&m&Su d ajymygw,f? 'Duae@ txnfcsKypf uf¶rHk mS 3 &ufajrmuf ygw,f? vtwef=umuwnf;u udu k }kd u;D qDukd aiGe@J tpm;taomuf p
awmif;qk=d uwJh tvkyo f rm;ta&twGu[ f m 1800 cef@&S+d y;D aemufxyf wmawGyJ ydk jzpf+y;D vlu, kd wf ikd rf oGm;jzpfb;l vd@k udak tmifatmifxeG ;f u ajym
puf¶rHk sm;rSmvnf; tvm;wljzpf&yfrsK;d awG ay:ayguv f mEkid af =umif; pufr_ ygw,f?
Zkerf S wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u tckvakd jymygw,f? uduk }kd u;D &J use;f rma&;tajctaeu ykrH eS yf gyv J @kd vnf; ajymygw,f?
vlawGu axmife@J cs+D y;D awmif;qk=d uwm/ vlxu k }u;D wJt
h wGuf &Spaf v;vk;H orkid ;f 0ifvx l tk ºHk ur_rmS xif&mS ;wJh ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif
jynfxaJ &;u vkðH caH &;awGvmw,f/ 'gayr,fh tvkyo f rm;awGudk zrf;qD; awGjzpfwhJ rif;udEk ikd /f rd;k oD;ZGew f @kd vdyk J ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfwhJ
wmr&Sb d ;l / awmif;qkw d myJjzpfwt hJ wGuyf g? udu k }kd u;D [m tm%mykid af wGu yxrt}urd f axmif'%f ESpf 20 csrw S f +y;D
tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf 'Dae@reuf tvkyq f if;csed rf mS wpkwnf;jzpf 13 ESpt f =umrSm axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGJ &JrSm;,Gi;f r_a=umif jypf'%fcsrw S f
ae=u+y;D puf¶w Hk iG ;f ukd r0ifcif *dwaf ygurf mS pk¶;Hk awmif;qk=d uwmjzpfygw,f? rdw,fq+kd y;D jyefvw G vf mygw,f?
vltyk rf sm;vk@d tenf;i,f¶w k ¶f w
k o f o
J jJ zpfae+y;D tvkyo f rm;!$e=f um;r_O;D tJ'aD emuf 88 rsK;d qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwOD;tjzpf v_y&f mS ;
pD;XmerS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u tvkyo f rm;rsm;eJ@nEd id_ ;f ae=ua=umif; pufrZ_ ek f aqmif&u G af e&mu tpd;k &u 2007 ESpv f ,fyikd ;f rSm wjcm;ausmif;om;
wm0ef&o dS u l ajyygw,f? acgi;f aqmifawGe@J w®yifwnf; ol@udk zrf;qD;w&m;pG/J ESp&f n S f axmif'%fcs+y;D
v_id o f m,mpufrZ_ ek rf mS puf¶Hk tvky¶f aHk ygi;f 800 ausm&f +dS y;D / 500 rdom;pke@J a0;wJah xmifrmS tusO;f csxm;wmyg? udu k }kd u;D rSm nDtpfuEkd pS f
cef@rSm vkyif ef;vnfywfvsu&f ydS gw,f? ok@d aomf +y;D cJw h hJ 2007 ckEpS u f rS OD;yJ&+dS y;D rdbESpyf g;pvk;H uG,v f eG +f y;D jzpfygw,f?
Voice To
B urma of
1-507, Horifune Jutaku
Horifune 2-27-1
Kita Ku, Tokyo
Japan. 114 - 0004
Tel/Fax: 81 3-6323-5114
E-mail: sayarkway@yahoo.com
koko@gol.com