,yq If KJ Jpa TQ Fpapd FZF FFSK Njhopw GHLFSK GFJP

gFjp II
2.
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; fzf;FfSk; njhopw;ghLfSk;

tq;fp Nkw;ghHit
ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; 28Mk; gphptpd; epajpfSf;fpzq;f> tq;fp

Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsj;jplk; tq;fpfs; njhlHghd njhlHr;rpahd
Nkw;ghHit kw;Wk; fhyhe;jug; ghPli
; rfs; vd;gtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
nghWg;G xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,jd; mbg;gilapy;> ehzar;
rig> tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsg; gzpg;ghsH kw;Wk; tq;fp
Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; ghPlr; fHfs; MfpNahH ehzar;
rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspd; fPOk; 1988Mk; Mz;bd; 30Mk; ,yf;f
tq;fpj;njhopy; rl;lj;jpd; fPOk; xOq;FKiw eltbf;iffs;
kw;Wk; gytPdkhd tq;fpfis kWrPuikj;jy; cs;slq;fyhf
chpkk; toq;fg;gl;l tHj;jf tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk; toq;fg;gl;l
rpwg;gpay;G
tha;ej
;
tq;fpfis
Nkw;ghHit
nra;tjw;Fk;
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdH. NkYk;>
chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G
tha;ej
; tq;fpfs; vd;gd Fwpg;gpl;l rpy njhopw;ghLfis my;yJ
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ehzar; rigaplk; my;yJ
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsg; gzpg;ghshplk; Kd;ndhg;Gjy;
ngWkhW Njitg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. tq;fpj;njhopy; rl;lj;jpd;
Vw;ghLfSf;fika ehzar; rig> Gjpa chpkq;fs;> Kd;kjpAila
gzpg;Giufs;> jPHkhdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida mwpTWj;jy;fs;
vd;gtw;iw toq;Ffpd;wJ. tsHe;JtUk; tpahghur; #oypYs;s
rthy;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;F tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd;
cWjpj;jd;ikiag; NgZjy;> tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiw kPjhd
nghJkf;fs; ek;gpf;ifia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf xOq;fikg;Gf;
fl;lik gyg;gLj;jy; Mfpa gpujhd Fwpf;Nfhs;fSf;fika
tq;fpfs; njhlHgpyhd njhlHr;rpahd Nkw;ghHit kw;Wk; fhyhe;jug;
ghPli
; rfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. tq;fpfspd; Nkw;ghHitahdJ
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitf;fhd ghry; FOtpdhy; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
gd;dhl;L hPjpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Nfhl;ghLfs; epakq;fspd;
mbg;gilapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
2.1 2013Mk; Mz;L ,Wjpapy;> ,yq;ifapy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiw
24 chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfisAk; kw;Wk; 9 chpkk;
ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfisAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
,t;tq;fpfspd; ngaHfs; ,izg;G 1,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; 2013,y; Mw;wg;gl;l
Kf;fpa eltbf;iffspd; njhFg;G fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
2.1.1 Kd;kjpAila xOq;Ftpjpfspd; toq;fy;
tpLf;fg;gl;l
Kd;kjpAila
xOq;Ftpjpfspd;
tpguq;fs;
,t;twpf;ifapd; gFjp III ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd. Kf;fpakhd
Kd;kjpAila xOq;Ftpjpfspd; RUf;fk; fPNo jug;gLfpwJ.

m. chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfspd; fzf;fha;T nra;ag;gl;l Mz;bWjp
fzf;fwpf;iffs; kw;Wk; fhyhz;L epjpapay; $w;Wf;fs;
vd;gtw;iwj; jahhpj;jy;> rkHg;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; gpuRhpj;jy;:
,yq;ifapy; gd;dhl;L epjpapay; mwpf;ifaply; epakq;fs;
,izf;fg;gl;ljidj; njhlHe;J epjpapay; mwpf;iffspy;
Vw;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
khw;wq;fspd; fhuzkhf chpkk;
ngw;w tq;fpfspd; fzf;fha;T nra;ag;gl;l Mz;bWjp
fzf;fwpf;iffs; kw;Wk; fhyhz;L epjpapay; mwpf;iffs;
vd;gtw;iwj; jahhpj;jy;> rkHg;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; gpuRhpj;jy;
njhlHgpy; Gjpa rpwg;Gg; gbtq;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
M. chpkk; ngw; w tq; f pfspd; gq; F r; re; i j ntspg; g Lj; J if
njhlHghd ,lHNeHT Kfhikj; J t epakq; f s; : midj; J
tq; f pfSk; jj; j kJ ntspg; g Lj; J if %yk; Vw; g Lk;
VjhtJ rhj; j pakhd ,lHNeHTfisj; jzpg; g jw; f hf
nghUj; j khd
,lHNeHT
Kfhikj; J t
epakq; f is
epWTkhW Nfl; L f; nfhs; s g; g l; l d. ,lHKfhikj; J t
epakq; f isAk; nfhs; i ffisAk; eilKiwg; g Lj; J tjw; F
Kd; d H xg; G jyspf; F khWk; > rk; g e; j g; g l; l juTfisj;
njhlHe; J kjpg; g pLkhWk; chpkk; ngw; w tq; f pfspd;
gzpg; g hsH rigf; F mwpTWj; j g; g l; l J.
,. mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; tpw;gid> khw;wy;> xg;gil my;yJ
mfw;wy; njhlHghd tiuaiwfs;: chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G
tha;e;j tq;fpfs; re;ijg; ngWkjpf;Ff; fPo; mirahr;
nrhj;Jf;fspd; tpw;gid> khw;Wy;> xg;gil my;yJ mfw;wy;
my;yJ mr;nrhj;Jf;fspd; ngWkjpia re;ijg; ngWkjpf;F
Nky; caHj;Jjy; vd;gtw;Wf;F Kd;ida gzpg;Giuapy;
Nfhug;gl;l ehzar; rigapd; vOj;J %ykhd Kd;ndhg;Gjy;
gFjp II - 64
khw;wg;gl;L tq;fpfs; ,e;eltbf;iffis tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj;

jpizf;fs gzpg;ghshpd; vOj;J %ykhd Kd;ndhg;GjYld;
Nkw;nfhs;s mDkjpf;fg;gl;ld.
<. jputr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; tiutpyf;fzk;: epiwfhg;Gila $W
ek;gpf;iffs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jhy; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;l
ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfs; vd;gtw;wpyhd tq;fpfspd;
KjyPLfs; epge;jidfSf;Fl;gl;L> rl;l hPjpahd jputr;nrhj;J
tpfpjj;jpid G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd jputr;
nrhj;Jf;fshf jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
c. fk; g dp
MSif:
Fwpj; J iuf; f g; g l; l
tpahghu
epWtdj; j py; my; y J NtW VNjDk; xd; w pd; gzpg; g hsuJ
nghWg; G f; f spd;
kl; l j; j py;
NtWghLfs;
vJTk;
,y; i ynad; g ijf; fUj; j pw; n fhz; L 10 Fwpj; J iuf; f g; g l; l
tpahghu epWtdq; f Sf; F Nkyjpfkhf gzpg; g hsH gjtp
tfpf; f $lhJ vd; w fl; L g; g hl; i l kP s g; ngWtjw; f hf
chpkk; ngw; w tq; f pfSf; f hd jw; N ghija fk; g dp MSif
gzpg; G iufs; jpUj; j g; g l; l d.
C.
chpkk;
ngw;w
tHj;jf
tq;fpfspd;
ntspehl;Lf;
fld;ghLfs;: 2013 tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;nkhopTfis
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F
trjpaspf;Fk;
tpjj;jpy;
2013
njhlf;fk; 2015 tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; chpkk; ngw;w
tHj;jf tq;fpfs; xt;nthd;wpdJk; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyH
50 kpy;ypad; tiuapyhd ntspehl;Lf; fld;ghLfSf;Fk;
Njrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp gpvy;rpapd; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyH
250 kpy;ypad; tiuapyhd ntspehl;Lf; fld;ghLfSf;Fk;
xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l epjpaj;jpidg;
gad;gLj;jpajD}lhf
tq;fpfspdhy;
toq;fg;gl;l
Ntshz;ikay;yhf; nfhLfld; trjpfs;> Ntshz;ikj;
Jiwf;fhd fl;lhaf; fld; toq;fiyf; fzpf;Fk; nghOJ
tpyf;fspf;fg;gl;ld.
v. KjyPl;L epjpaf; fzf;F: Fiwe;j nrytpyhd tPl;L
mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk;> epiyNgWila tY %yq;fspyhd
KjyPLfs; kw;Wk; kfspH njhopy;Kaw;rpahz;ik Jzpfu
njhopy;Kaw;rp KjyPl;Lr; nraw;wpl;lq;fs; Mfpatw;iw
cs;slf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; KjyPl;L epjpaf; fzf;fpd; gad;ghL
tphpthf;fg;gl;lJ.

V. Ntshz;ikj; Jiwf;fhd fl;lha fld; toq;fy;: Ntshz;ikj;
Jiwf;fhd fl;lha fld; toq;fy; njhlHghd jw;Nghija
topfhl;ly;fs; gpd;tUkhW jpUj;jg;gl;ld:
(i)
cs;ehl;L Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpfis gad;gLj;Jk;
cw;gj;jp epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Ntshz;ikj; Jiwf;F
,ilNaw;ghl;lhsHfshfr;
nraw;gLk;
fk;gdpfs;
vd;gtw;Wf;F tq;fpfs; toq;fpa fld;fis cs;slf;f
mDkjpaspj;jy;.
(ii) Vida tq;fpfSf;Fk; epjpf; fk;gdpfSf;Fk; Ntshz;ik
fld; toq;fy;fSf;fhf tq;fpfs; toq;fpa fld;fis
cs;slf;Ftjw;F> tq;fpfspdhy; mj;jifa fld;fs;
Ngzg;gLtjid milahsk; fhz;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
fz;fhzpg;Gg; nghwpKiwnahd;W ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w
epge;jidf;Fl;gl;L mDkjpaspj;jy;.
(iii)
fiufle;j tq;fpj;njhopy; gphpTfspdhYk; ntspehl;Lf;
fpisfspdhYk; ,yq;iff;F ntspNa toq;fg;gl;l
fld;fs;>
Kw;gzq;fs;
kw;Wk;
murhq;fj;jpdhy;
Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk; ghhpa mur kw;Wk; Vida cl;fl;likg;Gr;
nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;fhd
Neub
epjpaply;
vd;gtw;iw
ePf;Fjy;.
I. nfhLfld; ml;ilfs;> Vida fld;fs; kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fs;
kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs;: mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
nfhs;if
tPjq;fspyhd
Fiwg;G
kw;Wk;
ehzaf;
nfhs;iffspyhd jsHT vd;gtw;iwf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L>
jw;NghJ epyTk; tl;b tPjq;fs; re;ij tPjq;fis tpl
xg;gPl;lstpy; caHthf ,Ug;gjdhy; nfhLfld; ml;il
Kw;gzq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida midj;Jf; fld;fs; kw;Wk;
Kw;gzq;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fisf; Fiwf;FkhW chpkk;
ngw;w tq;fpfs; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mNjNeuk;> Vw;fdNt
toq;fg;gl;l fld; trjpfs; cs;slq;fyhf midj;Jf;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp Mz;lwpf;if
- 2013
gFjp II
fld;fs; kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fSf;F tpjpf;fg;gLk; jz;l tl;b
tPjq;fis> nrYj;jj; jtwpa fhyg;gFjpapy; epYitapYs;s
njhifapd; kPJ Mz;nlhd;Wf;F 2 rjtPjj;jpw;F tpQ;rhjnjhU
kl;lj;jpw;Ff; Fiwf;FkhW tq;fpfs; Nfhug;gl;ld.
x. epjpf; fk;gdpfSf;fhd epjpapay; fld; trjpfs;: chpkk;
ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfSf;fhd Nkw;ghHitfspd; Kd;kjpahd
mgptpUj;jpfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf
tq;fpfs; epjpf; fk;gdpfSf;F mur gpizaq;fs;> ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; gpizaq;fs;> epiyahd itg;Gf;fs;
Mfpatw;iw gpizfshfg; ngw;Wf; fld; trjpfs; toq;f
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsg; gzpg;ghshpd; Kd;mDkjp
ngwNtz;Lk; vd;w fl;Lg;ghL ePf;fg;gl;lJ.
X. ghry; II ,d; J}z; 2,d; Nkw;ghHit kPsha;Tr; nrad;
tKiwia eilKiwg;gLj;jy;: midj;J ,lHNeHTfspd;
ntspg;gLj;JiffisAk; cs;slf;fj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; NghJkhd
%yjdj;ij J}z; I ,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Fiwe;jgl;r %yjdj;
Njitg;ghLfSf;F Nkyhfg; NgZkhWk; cs;sf %yjdg;
NghJik kjpg;gPl;Lr; nraw;ghl;il eilKiwg;gLj;JkhWk;
chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfisj; Njitg;gLj;Jk; Nkw;ghHit
kPsha;Tr; nrad;Kiw (ghry; II ,d; J}z; 2) kPjhd
gzpg;Giunahd;W tpLf;fg;gl;lJ.
xs.
epjpapay; $w;Wf;fisAk; Vida ntspg;gLj;JiffisAk;
,izaj;jsj;jpy; ntspapLjy;: tUlhe;j fzf;fha;T
nra;ag;gl;l mwpf;if epjpapay; $w;Wf;fs;> fhyhz;L
epjpapay; $w;Wf;fs; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l ,lHNeHT
Kfhikj;Jtf;
fl;likg;gpd;
fPo;
Njitg;gLj;jg;gl;l
tq;fpapd; ,lHNeHT Kfhikj;Jtj; juk; njhlHghd
ntspg;gLj;Jiffis
chpkk;
ngw;w
tq;fpfspd;
,izaj;jsj;jpy; ntspapLkhW Nfhug;gl;ld.
f. jtwhf topelj;jf; $baJk; xOf;ftpOkpaq;fsw;wJkhd
tpsk;guq;fs;: 2008 entk;gH 6Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l Kd;ida
Rw;wwpf;ifAld; ,zq;FkhWk; jtwhf topelj;jf; $baJk;
jhHkPf xOq;fw;wJkhd tpsk;guq;fis jtpHf;Fk; mNjNtis
midj;J
Kf;fpakhd
jfty;fSf;Fk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
toq;FkhWk; chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfSf;F mwpTWj;jg;gl;lJ.
q.
ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;F
mDkjpj;jy;: chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; fiufle;j
tq;fpj;njhopy;
gphpTfspy;
,yq;if
murhq;fj;jhy;
toq;fg;gl;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfspy; KjyPL
nra;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ld.
2.1.2 tq;fpfs;> fpisfs; kw;Wk; Vida tq;fpj;njhopy;
epiyaq;fSf;fhd xg;Gjy;fs;
m.
2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy;> 119 Gjpa fpisfs;> 247
khztH Nrkpg;Gg; gphpTfs;> 13 elkhLk; tq;fpg; gphpTfis
Muk;gpj;jy;> 91 fpisfis kPs; ,lk;khw;wy; kw;Wk; 114
jd;dpaf;ff; $w;Wg; nghwpfis jyj;jpw;F ntspNa epWTjy;
vd;gtw;Wf;F xg;Gjy;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld. ,it tlf;F>
fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; jpwf;fg;gl;l 5 fpisfSf;fhd
xg;Gjy;fisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. ,jd;gb> 2013Mk;
Mz;bd; ,WjpapYs;sthW 3>433 fpisfs;> 3>039 khztH
Nrkpg;Gg; gphpTfs; kw;Wk; 2.508 jd;dpaf;ff; $w;Wg; nghwpfs;
vd;gd njhopw;ghl;bypUe;jd.
M. khz;GkpF epjp jpl;lkply; mikr;rhpd; xg;Gjy; ngwg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;w epge;jidf;Fl;gl;L tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhHfps;];
tq;fpf;F tq;fpj;njhopy; chpkk; toq;Ftjw;fhd xg;Gjy;
toq;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> ,e;jpad; XtrP]; tq;fp kPz;Lk;
fiufle;j tq;fp tpahghuj;ij Muk;gpg;gjw;fhf mjd;
jw;Nghija chpkj;jpw;F gpw;NrHf;if xd;Wk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
2.1.3 tq;fpfspd; njhlHr;rpahd Nkw;ghHit
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk;> tq;fpfspd; epjpapay;
Mw;wy; tha;e;j jd;ikia kjpg;gpLtjw;fhfTk;> jdpg;gl;l
tq;fpnahd;wpid my;yJ tq;fpj;njhopy; Kiwik KOtjidAk;
Nkhrkhfg; ghjpf;ff;$ba Neufhyj;Jld; vr;rhpf;if tpLf;Fk;
rkpf;iQfis
milahsk;
fhz;gjw;fhfTk;
mtw;wpidj;
njhlHr;rpahd mbg;gilapy; Nkw;ghHit nra;tijj; njhlHe;jJ.
jdpahH tq;fpfSf;fhd cs;sf Nkw;ghHit jug;gLj;jy;
gFjp II - 65

Kiwik xd;Wk; njhlHr;rpahd Nkw;ghHitr; nrad;Kiwf;Fj;
Jiz eltbf;ifahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,jw;F
Nkyjpfkhf> epajpr; rl;l ghPl;rpg;Gf;fspd; NghJ milahsk;
fhzg;gl;l fhpridfis cld;gl;l fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; rPHnra;tJ
njhlHghd Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; fhyhz;Lf;F xU Kiw kPsha;T
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. rhpahd Nkw;ghHit kw;Wk; jFe;j Neuj;jpy;
rhpnra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;jy; vd;gtw;iw
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
ntspthhpf;
fzf;fha;thsHfSlDk;
tq;fpapd; gzpg;ghsHfs; kw;Wk; %j;j Kfhikj;Jtj;JlDk; gy
$l;lq;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld.
njhlHr;rpahd Nkw;ghHitapd; xU gFjpahf ,t;thz;by; Vida
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;
xg;Gjy;fSf;fhd
Nfhhpf;iffisAk;
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk; ghPl;rpj;jJld; epWtd mikg;G
mftpjpfis jpUj;jy;> mLf;F II %yjdj;jpy;
Jizj;
njhFjpf; fld;fis cs;slf;Fjy;> fld; trjp toq;fy;fspd;
caHe;jgl;rj; njhifapid tpQ;Rk; tpjj;jpy; fld; trjpfis
toq;Fjy;> ntspehl;L %yq;fspypUe;J fld;gLjy;> elkhLk;
tq;fpg; gzpfspy; <LgLjy;> Jizf; fk;gdpfspYk; Vida
fk;gdpfspYk; KjyPL nra;jy;> ntspehLfspy; tpahghuj;jpid
tphpthf;Fjy;>
tpahghu
eltbf;iffis
ntspahl;fsplk;
xg;gilj;jy;> gzpg;ghsHfs;> gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpfs;
kw;Wk; gpujhd Kfhikj;Jt Mszpapdiu epakpj;jy; kw;Wk;
tq;fpfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f chpikfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;
Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd xg;Gjy;fSk; tq;fpfSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld.
tq;fpfspd; nrayhw;wk; njhlHghd khjhe;j mwpf;if kw;Wk;
tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; nrayhw;wk; njhlHghd fhyhz;L
mwpf;if vd;gtw;Wf;F Nkyjpfkhf> nfhs;ifj; jPHkhdq;fis
Nkw;nfhs;s trjpaspg;gjw;fhf ,yq;ifapYs;s tq;fpfspd;
itg;G tl;b tPjq;fspd; Ma;T> jz;l tl;b tPjk;> mlFf;
fld;fspd; nrayhw;wk;> nraw;glhf; fld;fs; kw;Wk; fld; ngWkjp
tpfpjk; Nghd;w Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; kPjhd gy mwpf;iffSk;
2013,y; jahhpf;fg;gl;ld.
2.1.4 tq;fpfspd; ghPl;rpg;G
ehza tpjpr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; tq;fpj;njhopy; rl;lj;jpd;
epajpfSf;fpzq;f> njhlHghd tq;fpfspd; Kfhikj;Jtj;Jld;
toikahd fye;Jiuahly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljd; %ykhf
2013,y; 29 tq;fpfspd; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fs; Kbtile;J ehzar; rigf;F
mwpf;iffs; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l mNjNtisapy; 9 ghPl;rpg;Gf;fs;
KbtilAk; nraw;ghl;L epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 2013,y;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghPl;rpg;Gf;fs; fle;j Mz;bypUe;J njhlug;gl;l
12 tq;fpfspd; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fisAk; 2013,y; njhlq;fg;gl;l 26
tq;fpfspd; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fisAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. ,lHNeHTfis
milahsk; fhZjy;> ,lHNeHTfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;
,lHNeHTfisj; jzpg;gjw;fhd %ytsq;fis kjpg;gpLjy;
vd;gtw;iw
Kf;fpa
ftdj;jpy;
nfhz;L
,lHNeHtpid
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l mZFKiw gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ. nfhLfld;
,lHNeHT Kfhikj;Jtk;> jpiwNrhp njhopw;ghLfs;> njhopw;ghl;L
,lHNeHT
Kfhikj;Jtk;>
xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l
,lHNeHT
Kfhikj;Jtk;> fk;gdp MSif> Gjpa fzf;fPl;L epakq;fisg;
gpd;gw;Wjy;> rl;lk; kw;Wk; Njitg;ghLfSld; ,zq;fhik
Nghd;w Kf;fpa fhpridfs; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fspy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;ld.
,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gpur;ridfSf;fhf gy
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
Nehf;fq;fisf;
nfhz;l
ghPl;rpg;Gf;fSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. Kf;fpakhd Nkw;ghHit fhpridfis
eptHj;jp
nra;tjw;fhf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
rhpnra;tjw;fhd
eltbf;iffspd; Kd;Ndw;wk; fhyhz;Lf;nfhU Kiw njhlHe;J
ghPrpypf;fg;gl;lJ.
2.1.5 tq;fpfspd; Kjd;ik epiwNtw;W mYtyHfSldhd
$l;lq;fs;
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk;> chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfspd; Kjd;ik
epiwNtw;W mYtyHfSldhd MSehpd; khjhe;j $l;lj;jpw;fhd
nrayfkhf njhlHe;Jk; nrayhw;wpaJld; ,f;$l;lq;fs; kj;jpa
tq;fpf;Fk; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwf;Fkpilapyhd fUj;Jf;fisf;
fye;JiuahLtjw;Fk; gfpHe;J nfhs;Stjw;Fkhd muq;fkhf
njhopw;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa $l;lq;fspd; NghJ cs;ehl;Lg;
nghUshjhu kw;Wk; ehza mgptpUj;jpfs;> tq;fpj;njhopy;
Jiwapd;
nrayhw;wk;
kw;Wk;
tq;fpj;njhopy;
Jiwapy;
cs;shHe;j jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$ba cyfshtpa
- 2013
gFjp II
#oypd; mgptpUj;jpfs; vd;gd gw;wp Kjd;ik epiwNtw;W
mYtyHfSf;Fj; njhlHr;rpahfj; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jw;F
Nkyjpfkhf> Nkw;ghHit kPsha;T nra;jy; eilKiwapd;
eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> gq;Fr; re;ijf;F tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd;
ntspg;ghL kPjhd xOq;FKiwfisr; rPuhf;Fjy;> Gjpa ,yq;if
fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if epjpapay; mwpf;ifapLjy;
epakq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpw;fikthf tq;fpfspd; epjpf; $w;Wf;fs;
kw;Wk; Vida ntspg;gLj;jy; Njitg;ghLfis jahhpj;;jy;
kw;Wk; rkHg;gpj;jiy rPHg;gLj;jy;> fld;fs; kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fs;
kPjhd jz;l tl;b cs;slq;fyhf tl;b tPjq;fis ehl;by;
jw;NghJs;s jho;thd tl;b tPj eilKiwf;fikthff;
Fiwj;jy;> chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; ntspehl;Lf; fld;
ngWiffspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jsHT kw;Wk; ,yq;if murpdhy;
toq;fg;gLk; mur Kwpfspy; KjyPL nra;tjw;F chpkk; ngw;w
tq;fpfSf;F mDkjpaspj;jy; vd;gd cs;slq;fyhf 2013,y;
filg;gpbf;fg;gl;l xOq;FKiwfs; njhlHghf fye;Jiuahly;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> ghry; II %yjdg;
NghJikf; fl;likg;gpd; fPo; caHjukhd mZFKiwf;Fr;
nry;Yjy;> ghry; III %yjd epakq;fisf; filg;gpbj;jy; kw;Wk;
chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfspd; mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fis kjpg;gPL
nra;tjw;fhd xOq;FKiwf; fl;likg;G vd;gd cs;slq;fyhf
2014,Yk; mjd; gpd;dUk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba xOq;FKiwfs;
gw;wpAk; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;lJ.
NkYk;> If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; ntspehl;Lf; fzf;Ffs;
thp ,zf;fr; rl;lj;jpd; fPohd Njitg;ghLfs;> Kjd;ik
mur gpizfs; tpw;gidahsHfshf chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf
tq;fpfis epakpj;jy;> 'gpk; rtpa" jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;l
fhzp chpik njhlHghd rl;l cWjpg;ghL> ,yq;if ehzaj;
jhs;fspd; kPs;cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; J}a ehzaj; jhs; nfhs;if>
tq;fpfshy; toq;fg;gLk; kw;Wk; gzkhf khw;wg;gLk; gazpfs;
fhNrhiyfspd; ,ilepWj;jk;> nghJthd mbg;gilj; jfty;
njhopy;El;gg; ghJfhg;G epakq;fspd; cUthf;fk;> tq;fpj;njhopy;
KiwikA+lhf CopaH Nrk epjpf;fhd ,izaj;js %ykhd
nfhLg;gdT
Kiwik>
itg;Gf;fisf;
ftUtjw;fhf
tq;fpfspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; ghpRr; rPl;Lf;fspd; nraw;ghLfspd;
epWj;jk;> jtwhf topelj;Jk; kw;Wk; xOf;ftpOkpaq;fsw;w
tpsk;guq;fs;>
Xa;T+jpaf;
nfhLg;gdTfs;
jpl;lq;fis
mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;> tq;fpfshy; toq;fg;gLk; njhFjpf;fld;fspd;
ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsHfspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; KjyPL>
CopaH Nrk epjpapdhy; cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;l tPlikg;Gf;
fld;fs; kw;Wk; Vida kPs;epjpaPl;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; kPjhd fld;
toq;fy; tPjq;fs; kw;Wk; murfUknkhopf; nfhs;ifia
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F
trjpaspj;jy;
Mfpad
gw;wp
fye;Jiuahly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

2.1.7 ,yq;if itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lk; kw;Wk; jputj;jd;ik
MjuTj; jpl;lj;jpid epUtfpj;jy;:

2010Mk; Mz;bd; 1Mk; ,yf;f ,yq;if itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpj;
jpl;l xOq;Ftpjpfspd; epajpfspd;gb> tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpg; gphpT itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpj;
jpl;lj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;bw;Fk; Kfhikj;Jt xOq;FfSf;Fk;
nghWg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpg; gphpT cWg;G epWtdq;fspypUe;jhd rhpahd

Neuj;jpyhd fhg;GWjpf; fl;lzq;fs; kw;Wk; jz;lg; gzq;fspd;
Nrfhpg;G kw;Wk; mur gpizaq;fspy; KjyPL nra;ag;gl;l
epjpfisg; ngWjy; Mfpatw;iwj; njhlHe;Jk; cWjpg;gLj;jp
te;jJ. mjd;gb> 2013Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; cWg;G
epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J &.4.3 gpy;ypad; fhg;GWjpf; fl;lzkhfTk;
jz;lg; gzq;fshfTk; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;lJ.
,jw;F
Nkyjpfkhf>
jpl;lj;jpd;
rPuhd
njhopw;ghl;il
cWjpnra;Ak; Kfkhf itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpg; gphpT chpkk;
ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfshy; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l juT jfty;fisg;
ghPl;rpj;Jg; ghHj;jy;> jFjpahd itg;Gf;fspd; itg;ghsH thhpahd
tpguq;fs; kPjhd mtHfspd; juT rkHg;gpj;jypd; eilKiwfs;
nray;Kiwfspd; Mw;wy;jd;ikia kjpg;gPL nra;jy; kw;Wk;
itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpg; gphptpd; cs;sff; nfhs;iffs;> eilKiwfs;
kw;Wk; topfhl;ly;fis kPsha;T nra;J Nkk;gLj;Jjy; vd;gtw;iw
Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; jputj;jd;ik Mjutpd; fpilf;fj;jf;f jd;ikia
ntspg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpYk; mjd; %yk; epjpapay; Kiwikapy;
nghJkf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifia NkYk; mjpfhpg;gJld; ehl;bd;
xl;Lnkhj;j epjpapay; cWjpj;jd;ikia tYg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpYk;
2013.11.22 ,ypUe;J ',yq;if itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lk;" vd;gJ
',yq;if itg;Gf; fhg;GWjp kw;Wk; jputj;jd;ik MjuTj; jpl;lk;"
vd ngaH khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJld; 'itg;Gf; fhg;GWjp epjp"
vd;gJ ',yq;if itg;Gf; fhg;GWjp kw;Wk; jputj;jd;ik MjuT
epjpak;" vdTk; ngaH khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. 2013.04.01 ,ypUe;J
eilKiwf;FtUk; tifapy; ,yq;if itg;Gf; fhg;GWjp kw;Wk;
jputj;jd;ik MjuT jpl;lKk; tUkhd thpapypUe;J tpyf;Fg;
ngw;Ws;sJ.
2013 jpnrk;gH 31,y; jpl;lk; 81 cWg;G epWtdq;fisf;
nfhz;bUe;jJ. epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; itg;Gf; fhg;GWjp
kw;Wk; jputj;jd;ik MjuT epjpak; vd;gd KiwNa &.12.7
gpy;ypadhfTk; &.12.5 gpy;ypadhfTk; ,Ue;jd.
2.1.8 Vida eltbf;iffs;:
2.1.6 tq;fpfspd; jiytHfSldhd $l;lq;fs;:
m. tof;Ffisf; ifahsy;
tq;fpfspd;
jiytHfSldhd
xOq;fhd
ciuahlypd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
MSehpdhy; jiyik jhq;fg;gl;l tq;fpj; jiytHfSldhd
fhyhz;Lf;
$l;lq;fisj;
njhlHe;Jk;
elhj;jp
te;jJ.
,f;$l;lq;fspy;> jiytHfs; jPHkhdk; vLg;gij trjpg;gLj;Jk;
tpjj;jpy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; nrayhw;wk;> cs;ehl;L
kw;Wk; cyfshtpa xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; fl;likg;Gf;fspd;
mgptpUj;jpfs; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; ehza mgptpUj;jpfs;
vd;gd gw;wpj; jiytHfSf;Fj; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;$l;lq;fspy;
fye;Jiuahlg;gl;l tplaq;fshf 2013 Mz;bw;Fk; mjw;Fg;
gpd;dUf;Fkhd ehza kw;Wk; epjpapay; Jiwf; nfhs;iffs;>
2012,y; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; gd;dhl;Lr; re;ijfspypUe;J
tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapdhy; Kfq;nfhLf;fg;gl;l rthy;fs;
kw;Wk; Kd;Ndhf;fpa gazk;> cyfshtpa %yjdr; re;ijapd;
mgptpUj;jpfs; kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L mDgtq;fs;> tq;fpfspy;
MSif eilKiwfis tYg;gLj;Jjy;> fk;gdp MSif
gzpg;Giuia kPsha;T nra;jy;> tq;fpfspd; jpl;lkply;
nraw;ghl;by; ghry; II kw;Wk; ghry; III Njitg;ghLfis
cWjpnra;jy;> frpT tpisTfisf; Fiwf;Fk; Kfkhf FOk
hPjpahd ,lHNeHTfisf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sy;> Kiwik hPjpahd
,lHNeHitf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;tjw;fhd Nghpd Kd;kjpahd
xOq;FKiwfis
tYg;gLj;jy;
tq;fpfs;
kw;Wk;
epjp
epWtdq;fspd; xd;WNrHj;jy; kw;Wk; ifafg;gLj;jy; %ykhd
xUq;fpizj;jypd; Njit kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp
cl;gha;r;ry;fis trjpg;gLj;jy; Mfpad fhzg;gl;ld.
gFjp II - 66
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk; rl;lkh mjpgH jpizf;fsk;

kw;Wk; rl;l eilKiwg;gLj;jy; KftHfs; MfpNahhpd;
cjtpAld; Kwptile;j gpuKf Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp
tq;fp ypkpnll;bd; nraw;ghLfs;> nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghL>
gpzf;fpw;Fhpa krF vz;nza; fhg;gPL nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;>
jil nra;ag;gl;lit vdf; fUjg;gLk; jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;
jtwhd tq;fpj;njhopy; eilKiwfs; vd;gd njhlHghd 19
tof;Ffisf; ifahz;lJ.
M. xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; epWtdq;fSf;fpilNaahd rig

epjpapay; Jiwapd; xOq;FKiwahd mgptpUj;jpf;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd nfhs;ifg; gzpg;Giufis cUthf;Fjy;>
gue;jstpy; epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;bd; eyd;fSf;fhf
midj;J xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; KftHfis xUq;fpizj;jy;
kw;Wk; jfty;fisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;sy; vd;gdtw;iw
cWjpg;gLj;Jtij
ikaf;
Fwpf;Nfhshff;
nfhz;L
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;
epWtdq;fSf;fpilNaahd
rig
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ehl;bYs;s midj;J epjpapay; Jiw
xOq;FgLj;JeHfSk; ,r;rigapd; cWg;gpdHfshfTs;sJld;
,r;rig Nkw;ghHit xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; jfty;fisg;
gfpHe;J nfhs;sy; Mfpatw;wpD}lhf epjpapay; Kiwik
cWjpg;ghl;il Nehf;fp nraw;gLfpd;wJ. xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;
epWtdq;fSf;fpilNaahd rigapd; $l;lq;fSf;F tq;fp
Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk; njhlHe;Jk; trjpaspj;jJ.
rigahdJ> 'epjpapay; Jiw xOq;FgLj;JeHfspilNa
- 2013
gFjp II
jfty;fisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;Sjy;" kPjhd tiuTr; rl;lj;ij

MNyhrpj;J ,Wjpg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. NkYk;> gq;FjufHfSf;fhd
Fiwe;jgl;r
%yjdj;
Njitg;ghL>
chpkk;
ngw;w
tq;fpfspd;
gq;Flik
tiuaiw>
fk;gdpg;
gLfld;
re;ij mgptpUj;jp> neUf;fb epiyikapid jsHj;Jk;
nraw;ghLfspy; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;JeHfspd; gq;F> chpkk;
ngw;w epWtdq;fspy; fk;gdp MSifiag; gyg;gLj;Jjy;
kw;Wk; epjpapay; mwpf;ifapLjiy Nkk;gLj;jy; mj;Jld;
fzf;fha;thsHfspd; tfpghfj;ij xOq;FgLj;jy; vd;gd
njhlHghfTk; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;lJ.
,.
tpopg;GzHT
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

kw;Wk;
,aysitf;
rthy;fis vjpHNehf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; tq;fpfspd; kPnsOr;rpapid

tYg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L cs;ehl;bYk; cyfshtpa hPjpapYk;
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; #o;epiyapy; Gjpa mgptpUj;jpfisg;
gfpHe;J nfhs;Sk; Nehf;Fld; 'gj;J wpy;ypad; tq;fpj;njhopy;
Jiwf;F mg;ghy;" vd;w njhdpg;nghUspy; MwhtJ
njhlHr;rpahd tq;fpg; gzpg;ghsH khehL 2013 jpnrk;ghpy;
elhj;jg;gl;lJ. fye;Jiuahly;fspd; NghJ tphpthf;fk;
kw;Wk;
kPnsOr;rp
Mfpatw;iw
rkepiyg;gLj;jypy;
tq;fpfspd; tfpghfk; kw;Wk; tq;fpapd; gzpg;ghsH xUthpd;
khWgLk;
nghWg;Gf;fs;
vd;gdtw;wpw;F
Kf;fpakhd
fhprid nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> ,lHNeHT
Kfhikj;Jt eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; Gjpa ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L
epakq;fs; vd;gd kPjhd mwpit Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpYk;
ngw;w
mDgtq;fisg;
gfpHe;Jnfhs;Sk;
Nehf;fpYk;
chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfspd; gzpg;ghsHfSf;Fk; Kf;fpa
Kfhikj;Jt MszpapdUf;Fk; njhopy;El;gf; $l;lnkhd;W
elj;jg;gl;lJ. chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfspd; fzf;fha;thsHfs;
tq;fpfspy; fzf;fha;T Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Nghjhd mtHfspd;
tfpghfj;jpidAk;
nghWg;Gf;fisAk;
mtHfSf;F
czHj;Jk; Kfkhfg; gy $l;lq;fs; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;ld.
kj;jpa
tq;fpapd;
kw;iwa
jpizf;fsq;fspdhYk;
kw;Wk; ntspKftHfshYk; elj;jg;gl;l mNef gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy; tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
mYtyHfs; %yts Mszpapduhff; fye;J nfhz;ldH.
2013Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy;> jil nra;ag;gl;l jpl;lq;fspy;
gq;Fgw;Wtjdhy;
Vw;gLk;
Mgj;Jf;fs;
njhlHghfg;
nghJkf;fSf;F mwpT+l;Lk; Kfkhf tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj;
jpizf;fsk; tq;fpay;yh epjpapay; epWtdq;fspd; Nkw;ghHitj;
jpizf;fsj;Jld; ,ize;J nghJkf;fs; tpopg;GzHT
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis
elj;jpaJ.
nghJkf;fspypUe;J
itg;Gf;fis Vw;gjw;F kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; chpkk; ngw;w
tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; ngaH gl;bay; njhlHghd
gy mwptpj;jy;fs; nra;jpj;jhs;fspy; gpuRhpf;fg;gl;ld.
,izg;G I
chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfspd; gl;bay;
chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfs;

1.
mkhdh ghq;f; ypkpnll;
2.
mf;rp]; ghq;f; ypkpnll;
3.
,yq;if tq;fp
4.
rpw;wp ghq;f; vd;.V
5.
nfhkh;~y; ghq;f; xt; rpNyhd; gpvy;rp
6.
nlhap~; ghq;f; VIp;
7.
bvt;rprp th;jd ghq;f; gpvy;rp
8.
fgPg; ghq;f; ypkpnll;
9.
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tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk; Vida jpizf;fsq;fSf;Fk;

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gFjp II - 67
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- 2013
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gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;> Ma;tuq;Ffs; kw;Wk; nraykHTfis

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tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd Ma;Tepiyak; elhj;Jfpd;wJ.
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gFjp II - 68
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epfo;r;rpfspy; tq;fpapid gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jp gq;Fgw;wpapUe;jJ.
4.2 cs;sf njhlHG+l;ly;
,e;j Mz;bYk; jpizf;fsj;jhy; njhopw;gLj;jg;gLk; cs;sf
,izaj;jskhd 'cbsldaily" MdJ> tq;fp CopaHfSf;fhd
jfty;fis toq;Ffpd;w xU ,iza Eiothapyhf mjd;
gpugy;aj;jpid njhlHe;Jk; NgzpaJ. ,e;j ,izaj;jskhdJ
Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy; 495 ,yq;if tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd fld;
toq;fy; tPj kw;Wk; nryhtzp tPj ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;fs;> 169
gj;jphpif ntspaPLfs; vd;gdtw;iwf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;j
,izaj;jskhdJ xU nra;jpj;jskhfTk; mwptpg;G gyifahfTk;
mNjNghd;W cs;sf tiyaikg;Gf;fhd EiothapyhfTk;
njhopw;gLfpwJ. Mz;Lf;fhyg; gFjpapy; tq;fpapd; mYty;rhH
cs;sf nra;jpklyhd 'fTSt" ,d; MW njhFjpfs;
ntspaplg;gl;ld. nghUshjhuk; njhlHghd elg;G tplaq;fs; kw;Wk;
tq;fp njhlHghd tplaq;fs; gw;wp %j;j Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F
clDf;Fld; njhpag;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;> Kk;nkhopfspYk;
ntspaplg;gl;l gjpide;J Njrpa nra;jpjhspypUe;J Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l
1>392 nra;jp eWf;Ffs;> fl;Liufs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fspd;
fUj;Jf;fs; vd;gtw;iw Clff; fz;fhzpg;G gphpT rkHg;gpj;jJ.
gFjp II - 69

4.3 nghJkf;fs; tpopg;GzHT
nghUshjhu kw;Wk; epjpapay; mwpT njhlHghf nghJkf;fspd;
tpopg;GzHtpid gug;Gk; Kaw;rpf;F trjpaspg;gJ njhlHG+l;ly;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; caH Kd;Dhpikg;gLj;jy; tplaq;fspy;
xd;whff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. fpof;F kw;Wk; njw;F khfhzq;fspd;
njhiyJ}u gpuNjrq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf ehl;bd; gy;NtW
gFjpfspy;
,Ue;jhd
ghlrhiy
MrphpaHfs;
kw;Wk;
khztHfSf;fhf 30 gapw;rp tFg;Gf;fis xUq;fpizj;jjd;
%yk; jpizf;fskhdJ nghJkf;fs; tpopg;GzHTf;fhd jdJ
flg;ghl;bid ntspg;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk;> kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
ntspaPLfs; kw;Wk; QhgfhHj;j Fw;wpfis nghJkf;fs;
nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gj;jpid toq;Ftjw;fhf
2013Mk; Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; njhlHG+l;ly; jpizf;fskhdJ
tq;fpapid gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jp 04 Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd
mUk;nghUl;fhl;rpfspy; gq;Fgw;wpaJ.
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ,izaj;jsj;jpd; Clhf fzdp
topapy; mNjNeu Kiwapy; ntspaPLfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;
$bajhd re;jHg;gk; fhuzkhf Mz;Lf;fhyg;gFjpapy; kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; ntspaPLfspd; tpw;gidahdJ Kd;ida Mz;LfSld;
xg;gpLifapy; tPo;r;rpaile;J fhzg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Mz;Lf;
fhyg;gFjpapy; Mz;lwpf;if 2012> cl;gl 16>335 gy;NtW
ntspaPLfspd;
gpujpfis
ghlrhiy
khztHfs;
kw;Wk;
MrphpaHfSf;F ,ytrkhf toq;fpaJld;> caHju tFg;G
khztHfs;> ghlrhiy MrphpaHfs; kw;Wk; ,yf;fplg;gl;l gilfs;
kw;Wk; mYtyHfspd; gapYeHfs; Nghd;wtHfis ,yf;fhff;
nfhz;L 30 nghJkf;fs; tpopg;GzHT> fy;tp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis
xOq;FgLj;jpaJ.
4.4 jkpo; nkhopngaHg;Gg; gzpfs;

jfty;fis
Kk;nkhopapYk;
rkkhf
toq;FtJ
vd;w
jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpf;F jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G gphpthdJ jdJ
gq;fpd; gq;fspg;ig njhlHr;rpahf toq;fpaJ.
4.5 mr;rfk;
2013 fhyg;gFjpapy; mr;rfj;jpdhy; caHe;j juj;jpyike;j 145
vz;zpf;ifahd mr;rply; xg;gilfs; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
Mz;Lf;fhyg;gFjpapy; epiwT nra;ag;gl;l mr;rply; xg;gilfs;>
2014 Mk; Mz;bw;fhf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp ehl;Fwpg;G>
chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfs;> chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G
tha;e;j tq;fpfs;> chpkk; ngw;w epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;
chpkk; ngw;w Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd
topfhl;bfs;> ntspehl;L nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd gbg;gbahd
topfhl;ly;> 2014 - 2018 ,w;fhd ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
cghaj;jpl;lk;> nghUshjhu Muha;r;rp jpizf;fsj;jpd; nra;jpj;
jpul;bd; 5 ntspaPLfs;> ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f
Gs;sptpguq;fspd; Kk;nkhop%y ntspaPLfs; kw;Wk; nghJg;gLfld;
Kfhikj;Jt nra;jpj; jpul;L Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jd.
gy;NtWgl;l kj;jpa tq;fp ntspaPLfshd kj;jpa tq;fpapd; cjtp
MSeH KidtH lgps;A+. vk;. N`kr;re;jpu mtHfshy; vOjg;gl;l
'tl;b tPjq;fs; - nfhs;iffSk; eilKiwfSk;"> kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
cjtp MSeH jpU. gp. rkurpwp mtHfshy; vOjg;gl;l 'nghUspay;
Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs;" kw;Wk; 'nghUshjhuj;jpd;
mbg;gilj; jj;Jtq;fs; gw;wpa gFg;gha;T" (rpq;fsk;jkpo;)>
tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffs; Ma;Tepiyaj;jpd; gzpg;ghsH jpU.
rp. gp. N[. fUzhjpyf mtHfspdhy; vOjg;gl;l 'nghUspay;
Nfhl;ghLfSf;F XH mwpKfk;"> epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;L
mwpf;if - 2013> 'nrd;Njt"> 'fTSt"> 'rl;lfd"> nghUshjhu
kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs;> thp njhlHghd nrhw;nghoptpy;
MSehpd; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; tphpTiufs; kw;Wk; tpahghuk; nra;jy;
- 5k; gjpg;G Mfpad mr;rfj;jhy; mr;rplg;gl;L Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy;
ntspaplg;gl;l rpy ntspaPLfshFk;.
4.6 tq;fpapd; Kf;fpa epfo;Tfis Gifg;glnkLf;Fk; trjpfs;
njhlHG+l;ly; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Gifg;glk; vLf;Fk; gphpthdJ
epow;glk; kw;Wk; fl;Gyf; fhl;rpfspyhd fhl;rp Clfq;fs;
Clhf kj;jpa tq;fpapid tHz kakhf cyfpw;Ff; fhl;Ltjpy;
msg;ghpa gq;fspg;gpid toq;fpaJ. ,g;gphpthdJ tq;fpapd; 435
epfo;TfSf;Fg; gzp toq;fpaJld;> Gifg;glq;fis njhFj;jy;
kw;Wk; mr;rply;> fl;Gyf;fhl;rpfspd; njhFg;G> my;gq;fis
jahhpj;jy; kw;Wk; ,Wtl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; Gifg;glq;fSf;F rl;lk;
,Ljy; Nghd;w midj;Jj; njhlHghd gzpfSk; caH njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jtj; juj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;ld.
- 2013
gFjp II
4.7 E}yfKk; jfty;epiyaKk;
fle;j Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy;> 27>585 E}y;fs;> 18>328 mwpf;iffs;>
1>813 ,Wtl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; 185 rQ;rpif jiyg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; 07
,izatop mNjNeu juTj; jsq;fs; Nghd;w Nrfhpg;Gf;fSld; E}
yfKk; jfty; epiyaKk; tq;fp mYtyHfSf;Fk; mNjNghd;W
Nfhhpf;ifapd; Nghpy; ntspthhpahd ghtidahsHfSf;Fk;
trjpfisj; njhlHe;Jk; toq;fpaJ. E}yfk; kw;Wk; jfty;
epiyaj;jpdhy; re;jhj; njhif nrYj;jg;gLk; ,uz;L ,iza
top mNjNeu juTj; jsq;fshd 'rad;]; bnuf;l;" kw;Wk;
'vg;Nrhnfh];l;" vd;gd msTrhH nghUshjhuk;> nghUshjhuk;
kw;Wk; epjp vd;gd cs;slq;fyhf gy Jiwfspy; KiwNa
115 kw;Wk; 350 KOikahd rQ;rpiffis fl;Liufis
ngWk; topfis toq;fpaJ. NkYk;> kj;jpa tq;fpj;njhopy;
eltbf;iffSld;
njhlHghd
tplaq;fspy;
jfty;fisg;
ngWtjw;fhf yfKk; jfty; epiyaKk; NkYk; gy ,izatop
mNjNeu juTj; jsq;fSf;Fr; re;jhf;fisr; nrYj;jpaJ.
E}yfk; kw;Wk; jfty; epiyaj;jhy; re;jh nrYj;jg;gl;l ntspehl;L
kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L rQ;rpiffspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifahdJ
KiwNa 119 kw;Wk; 63 Mf tpsq;fpaJ. E}yfk; kw;Wk;
jfty; epiyakhdJ mz;ikapy; Gjpjhf NrHf;fg;gl;lit
(mjhtJ Gjpa E}y;fs;)> eilKiw tplaq;fspd; cs;slf;fk;>
nra;jp mNyl;> nghUshjhuk;> tq;fpapay; kw;Wk; epjpapay;
kPjhd cs;@H gj;jphpif mwpf;iffs; Nghd;w ,yj;jpudpay;
ntspaPLfis
njhFg;gjid
njhlHe;J
Nkw;nfhz;lJld;
mtw;iw cs;sf ,iza%lhf gug;gpaJ. njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l
jfty; gzpfis gug;Gk; gzpfSk; Ngzg;gl;ld. E}yfk; kw;Wk;
jfty; epiyakhdJ ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; tq;fpapay;
yf tiyaikg;ghd 'Ebanklibnetsl" ,id njhlHe;J
NgzpaJld; kpd;dQ;ry; %yk; jfty;fis gug;Gtjd; Clhf>
24 mq;fj;Jt E}yfq;fSf;F gzpfis toq;fpaJ. NkYk;> %y
tsq;fisAk; mDgtq;fisAk; gfpHe;J nfhz;ljd; Clhf> E}
yfk; kw;Wk; jfty; epiyakhdJ cyfshtpa kj;jpa tq;fp
jfty; njhopy;rhH epGzj;Jt tiyaikg;gpy; (cbfa gl;bay;)
xU nraw;gLk; mq;fj;jtH vd;w epiyia njhlHe;jJld;
Muha;r;rp Ntz;LNfhs;fis G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;fhd cjtpfisAk;
ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. E}yfj;jpd; cs;sf ,izaj;jsj;jplhf
tq;fp mYtyHfs; mZFtjw;fhd trjpia toq;fpajd; %yk;
,yj;jpudpay; E}yf Nritapid njhlHe;Jk; NgzpaJ.
5. ehzak;
ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; 48 ,ypUe;J 59m tiuahd epajpfspy;>
ehzar;rig
,yq;ifapy;
nfhLg;gdtpw;fhd
fUtpahd
ehzaj;jpid ntspapLtjw;fhd mjpfhurigahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
ehzar;
rigapd;
,t;tjpfhuk;
eilKiwf;fplg;gLtjid
trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
Muk;gj;jpy;
ehzaj;
jpizf;fsk;
tq;fpj;njhopy; kw;Wk; ehzaj; jpizf;fskhf 1950 A+iyapy;
epWtg;gl;lJ.
,jw;fika>
ehzaj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd;
jw;Nghija
njhopw;ghLfshf
nghJkf;fspd;
Nfs;tpiag;
G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;fhf ehzaj; jhs;fisAk; Fj;jpfisAk;
ntspapLjy;> jhs;fis mr;rpLtjw;Fk; ehzaf; Fj;jpfis
thHg;gjw;Fkhd midj;J xOq;FfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;>
ehzar; rigapdhy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lthW QhgfhHj;j ehzaj;
jhs;fisAk;> ehzaf; Fj;jpfisAk; ntspapLjy;> chpkk; ngw;w
tHj;jf tq;fpfsplkpUe;J ehza itg;Gf;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjd;
%yKk; mt;tq;fpfspd; Njitg;ghLfSf;Nfw;g itg;Gf;fis
tpLtpg;gjd; %yKk; chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfSld; ehzaj;
njhopw;ghLfis elj;Jjy;> gad;gLj;j Kbahj nghUj;jkw;w
ehzaj; jhs;fisAk; Fj;jpfisAk; Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpypUe;J Gwf;fPL
nra;jy; kw;Wk; ehzak; njhlHghd ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd;
Vw;ghLfs; kPwg;gLk; re;jHg;gq;fspy; mtw;iwf; ifahs;tjw;F
rl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhhpfSf;F cjTjy; vd;gd
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

nghJkf;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;w ehza ,dq;fis mtHfSld;
ghpkhw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;Fld; ehzaj; jpizf;fsk;
,yq;if tq;fpapd; Gwf;Nfhl;ilf; fpisapy; NgZk; ehzag;
ghpkhw;wy; gPlq;fspD}lhf nghJkf;fSf;F ehzaq;fis
toq;fp tUfpd;wikapid cs;slf;FfpwJ. 2013,y; &.3>264
kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd ehzaj; jhs;fSk; &.79.9 kpy;ypad;
ngWkjpahd ehzaf; Fj;jpfSk; ntspaplg;gl;ld.
ml;ltiz II-1
toq;
fy;fs;
ehza toq;fy;
ngWkjp
rjtPj khw;wk;
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
jhs;fs;
(&. gpy;.)
335.1
355.4
401.9
29.4
6.1
13.1
Fj;jpfs;
(&. kpy;.)
472.4
748.7
541.3
12.7
58.5
(27.7)
nkhj;jk;
(&. gpy;.)
335.6
356.1
402.4
29.4
6.1
13.0
(M)
2013.12.31,y; cs;sthW> Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpypUe;j nkhj;j
ehzak;
&.339.7
gpy;ypadhff;
fhzg;gl;lJ.
,J
2012.12.31,y; Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpypUe;j ehzaj;jpidtpl 6.8
rjtPjk; mjpfkhdjhFk; (ghHf;f ml;ltiz II-2) (ehza
,dq;fspd; mbg;gilapyhd tpguq;fs; ,t;twpf;ifapd;
gFjp IV ,Ys;s Gs;sptpgug; gpd;dpizg;gpy; jug;gl;Ls;sd).
Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s ehzaj;jpd; nkhj;jg; ngWkjpahdJ
mjpfhpj;j nghUshjhuf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; tpisthf
mjpfhpj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s nkhj;jg; gz
epuk;gypy; (tphpe;j gzk;) nghJkf;fshy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk;
ehzaj;jpd; gq;fhdJ> tq;fpj;njhopy; KiwikA+lhf
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; epjpapay; trjpfs;> etPd nfhLg;gdTf;
fUtpfs; vd;gd mjpfhpj;jik fhuzkhf 2008Mk; Mz;L
Kbtpy; 10.2 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2013Mk; Mz;L Kbtpy; 7.7
rjtPjj;jpw;F fLikahf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
ml;ltiz II-2
Rw;Nwhl;lj;
jpYs;s
ehzaq;fs;
Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s ehzaq;fs;
ngWkjp
rjtPj khw;wk;
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
jhs;fs;
(&. gpy;.)
287.1
311.2
332.4
14.8
8.4
6.8
Fj;jpfs;
(&. gpy;.)
6.1
6.9
7.3
7.0
13.1
5.8
nkhj;jk;
(&. gpy;.)
293.2
318.1
339.7
14.7
8.5
6.8
5.1 ehza ntspaPL
(,) ehzaj;jpw;fhd Nfs;tpia G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; nghUl;Lk;>

Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpy; rpwe;j jukhd ehzaj; jhs;fs; ,Ug;gij
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;Lk; 2013,y; ehzaj; jpizf;fsk;
189.5 kpy;ypad; ehzaj; jhs; Jz;Lfis mr;rplTk; 82.9
kpy;ypad; Jz;L ehzaf; Fj;jpfis thHg;gjw;Fkhd
xOq;Ffisr; nra;jpUe;jJ. ehzaj; jpizf;fsk;> 2013 - 2015
fhyg;gFjpapy; &.10> &.5> &.2> &.1 vd;gdtw;iwf; nfhz;l
nkhj;jkhf 550 kpy;ypad; Jz;Lfis thHg;gjw;fhf
gd;dhl;L tpiyf;Nfhuy; Kiwaplhf njhpT nra;ag;gl;l
thHg;ghsHfSldhd xg;ge;jq;fspy; ifnaOj;jpl;lJ.
(m) ehl;by; ehzaj;jpw;fhd Nfs;tpia <Lnra;Ak; nghUl;L>

ehzaj; jpizf;fsk; chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfsplhf
Gjpa ehzaj; jhs;fisAk; Fj;jpfisAk; kw;Wk; nghUj;jkhd
(gad;gLj;jj;jf;f) ehzaj; jhs;fisAk; Fj;jpfisAk;
kPstoq;Fjy; vd;gd %yk; mtw;iwg; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F
toq;fp tUfpd;wJ (ml;ltiz II-1 Ig; ghHf;f). ,J>
(<) 2013 entk;gH 15Mk; ehspypUe;J 17Mk; ehs; tiu

,yq;ifapy; eilngw;w nghJeytha mur jiytHfspd;
$l;lj;jpidf; Fwpf;F Kfkhf &.500 ,d QhgfhHj;j ehzaj;
jhnshd;W ntspaplg;gl;lJ. kj;jpa tq;fp epWtg;gl;ljpypUe;J
mjdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l %d;whtJ QhgfhHj;j ehzaj; jhs;
,JthFk;.
gFjp II - 70
- 2013
gFjp II
(c) xt;nthU
khtl;lj;jpdJk;
rpwg;gpay;GfSld;
$ba
mj;jifa 25 khtl;lq;fspidAk; gpurd;dg;gLj;Jk; &.10
,d Gjpa ehzaj; njhlHfis thHf;Fk; Ntiyfs;
njhlq;fpapUg;gJld; tbtikg;G khz;GkpF epjp mikr;rhpdhy;
xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;ehzaf; Fj;jpfis 2014,y;
Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpw;F tpLtpf;fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
5.2 chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfSldhd ehzaj;
njhopw;ghLfs;
(m)
ehzaj;
jpizf;fsk;>
chpkk;
ngw;w
tHj;jf
tq;fpfsplkpUe;J Kf;fpakhf tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; epajp
xJf;Fj;
Njitg;ghLfisg;
NgZtjw;fhf
ehza
itg;Gf;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ. ehzaj; jpizf;fsk;
nghUj;jkhd
(gad;gLj;jj;jf;f)
kw;Wk;
nghUj;jkw;w
(gad;gLj;j Kbahj) ehzaj; jhs;fisAk; Fj;jpfisAk;
chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ
(ghHf;f ml;ltiz II-3). itg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;l nghUj;jkhd
ehzaj; jhs;fs; chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfSf;$lhf
kPsr; Rw;Nwhl;lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w Ntisapy; nghUj;jkw;w
ehzaj; jhs;fs; mopj;Jtplg;gLfpd;wd.
ml;ltiz II-3
ehza
itg;Gf;fs;
chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfspdhy; itg;Gr;

nra;ag;gl;l ehzak;
ngWkjp
rjtPj khw;wk;
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
jhs;fs;
(&. gpy;.)
297.9
331.2
381.0
34.1
11.2
15.0
Fj;jpfs;
(&. kpy;.)
13.8
3.0
1.4
115.0
(78.3)
(53.3)
nkhj;jk;
(&. gpy;.)
297.9
331.2
381.0
34.1
11.2
15.0
(M) mjpfhpj;j ehza itg;Gf;fspd; tpidj;jpwDk; tpiuTk;

kpf;f
nrad;Kiwf;F
trjpaspg;gjw;fhf>
ehzaj;
njhopw;ghLfis
NkYk;
jd;dpaf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
ehzaj;
jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
NkYk;
topKiwfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jw;fika> rpNefG+Ht #oy; Kiwapy;
ehzaq;fisr; rhpghHj;jy;> fzf;fply; kw;Wk; mopj;Jtply;
njhlHgpyhd tpidj;jpwid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf ,uz;L
jd;dpaf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;l ehzaj; jhs; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jy;
ve;jpuq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffis
G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
5.3 rl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhhpfSf;F
toq;fg;gl;l cjtp
Nghyp ehzak; njhlHghf ehza tpjpr; rl;lk; kPwg;gl;lik
njhlHghf rl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhhpfSf;F
2013,y; ehzaj; jpizf;fsk; gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpy; gy;NtW
topKiwfis Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
(m) Nghyp ehzaj; jhs;fisj; jahhpf;Fk; Kaw;rp njhlHgpy;
nghyp];
Fw;wg;Gydha;Tj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd;
Nghyp
ehza gzpafj;JlDk; rl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;
mjpfhhpfSlDk; neUq;fpa xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gl;lJ.
2013,y; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l Nghyp ehzaj; jhs;fs; 5>133
Mff; fhzg;gl;lJld; ,J> 2012,d; mNj kl;lj;jpy;>
Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpypUe;j xt;nthU kpy;ypad; cz;ikahd
jhs;fSf;Fk; MW jhs;fshff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
(M)
ePjpkd;wq;fspd; tof;F tprhuizfSf;F trjpaspf;Fk;
tpjj;jpy; ehzaj; jhs;fspd; Nghypj; Njhw;wk; gw;wpa
KbTr; rhd;Wfshf MSehpd; ifnahg;gj;Jld; $ba 141
rhd;wpjo;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
(,) Nghyp ehza tof;Ffspy; rhl;rpakspg;gjw;fhf 18 ePjpkd;w
tof;Ffspy; mYtyHfs; fye;J nfhz;ldH.
gFjp II - 71
(<) Nghyp ehzaj; jhs;fs; Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpy; fyg;gjidj; jLf;Fk;

Nehf;Fld; Nghyp ehzaj; jhs;fisf; fz;Lgpbg;gjw;fhf
ehzaj; jpizf;fsk; midj;J chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf
tq;fpfSf;Fk; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfSf;Fk; mtw;wpd;
ehzaj; njopw;ghLfis tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf njhopw;ghl;L
Rw;wwpf;iffis tpLj;jJ. midj;J chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf
tq;fpfSk; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfSk; Nghyp
ehzaq;fis fz;lwpAk; trjpfSld; $ba fhR vz;Zk;
nghwpfis itj;jpUf;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
5.4 Vida eltbf;iffs;
(m) J}a ehzaf; nfhs;ifapid eilKiwg;gLj;jy;

2007 khHr;rpy; njhlq;fg;gl;l J}a ehzaj; jhs; nfhs;if

2013,y;
kpfj;
jPtpukhfj;
njhlug;gl;lJ.
Njhw;Wk;
ngw;WtUfpd;w kj;jpa ju tUkhdg; nghUshjhuj;jpy;
,yq;ifapd; rpwe;j ed;kjpg;gpw;Nfw;g rpwe;j jukhd ehzaj;
jhs;fs; Rw;Nwhl;lg;gLj;jg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;JtNj J}
a ehzaj; jhs; nfhs;ifapd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;NfhshFk;.
ehzaj; jpizf;fsk;> ehzaj; jhs;fspd; tho;ehs;
fhyj;jpid ePbg;gjw;Fk; mjd; %yk; Gjpa jhs;fspd;
mr;rply; nrytpidf; Fiwg;gjw;Fkhf rpwe;j ehzaf;
ifahsy; eilKiwfis Cf;Ftpj;jJld; J}a ehzaj;
jhs; nfhs;ifia tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 2013,y; gpd;tUk;
topKiwfs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
(i) nghUj;jkhd kw;Wk; nghUj;jkw;w ehzaj; jhs;
tiffSf;fpilNaahd 'ehzaj; jhs;fis juk;
gphpg;gjw;fhd epakq;fs;" vd;gJ gw;wp midj;J chpkk;
ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfSf;Fk; Rw;wwpf;ifnahd;W
tpLf;fg;gl;lJld; Rw;wwpf;iffs; gpd;gw;wg;gLtjid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
331
tq;fpf;
fpisfs;
ghPl;rpf;fg;gl;ld.
(ii) ehzaj; jhs;fisj; juk; gphpj;jy; kw;Wk; ehzaj;
jhs;fisf; ifahsy; eilKiwfs; njhlHgpy; fhR
KfhikahsHfSld; 4 $l;lq;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld.
(iii) topfhl;ly;fSf;F
,zq;fpnahOfpd;wik
gw;wp
ghPl;rpg;gjw;fhf
tHj;jf
tq;fpfspdhy;
itg;Gr;
nra;ag;gl;l ehzaj; jhs;fspd; vO khwhd khjphpfs;
njhlHgpy; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
(iv)
nghUj;jkhw;w ehzaj; jhs;fis tq;fpj;njhopy;
KiwikA+lhf
khw;wpf;
nfhs;tjw;Fk;
ehzaj;
jhs;fisf; ifahs;tjpy; rpwe;j eilKiwfisg;
gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk;
nghJkf;fis
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf
nghJkf;fSf;F fy;tpA+l;Ltjw;fhf njhiyf;fhl;rp
tpsk;guq;fs; kw;Wk; thndhyp fye;Jiuahly;fs;
vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf
jPtpukhd
tpsk;gug;gLj;jy;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
(v) nghUj;jkw;w ehzaj; jhs; midj;ijAk; ehzaj;
jpizf;fsk; ngw;wjd; gpd;dH 2013,y; mJ &.67.7
gpy;ypad; nkhj;jg; ngWkjpapidf; nfhz;l 157.7
kpy;ypad; ehzaj; jhs;fis mopj;Jtpl;lJ.
(M) ehzaf; Fj;jpfspd; Nrfhpg;G

ehzaf; Fj;jpfis ntspapLtJ> xt;Nthuhz;Lk; fzprkhdsT
ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp thHg;Gr; nrytpid Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
vdpDk;> ,e;ehzaf; Fj;jpfspy; ngUk; njhifahdit rka
epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; cz;bay;fSf;Fs; Rw;Nwhl;lg;gLj;jg;glhky;
vt;tpj gaDkpd;wp ,Uf;fpd;wd. MfNt> ehzaj; jpizf;fsk;
ntWkNd ,Uf;Fk; ehzaf; Fj;jpfisr; Nrfhpj;J kPz;Lk;
Rw;Nwhl;lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf midj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpa ehzar;
Nrfhpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ,jw;fika>
ehL KOtJk; 125 ehzaf; Fj;jp Nrfhpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
elj;jg;gl;L &.67.1 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd 24.8 kpy;ypad; ehzaf;
Fj;jpfs; Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpw;fhf Nrfhpf;fg;gl;ld.
(,) nghJkf;fs; tpopg;GzHT
ehzaj; jhs;fspd; ghJfhg;Gg; gz;G> rpwe;j jukhd ehzaj;
jhs;fspd; gad;ghL kw;Wk; ehzaj; jhs;fisAk; Fj;jpfisAk;
rpwe;j Kiwapy; ifahSk; eilKiwfs; vd;gd njhlHghf
- 2013
gFjp II
nghJkf;fspd; tpopg;GzHtpid mjpfhpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; ehzaj;
jpizf;fsk; fPNo tpghpf;fg;gl;lthW Kf;fpa epfo;Tfisf;
nfhz;l
nghJkf;fs;
tpopg;GzHT
epfo;r;rpj;jpllq;fisj;
njhlHe;Jk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
(iv) ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; %d;W mUk; nghUl;fhl;rpr;

rhiyfSf;Fk; 15>754 NgH tp[ak; nra;jdH.
kPs;nfhs;tdT kw;Wk; NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT tPjq;fs; vd

mwpag;gLfpd;w nfhs;if tl;b tPjq;fs; ehzar; rigapdhy;
khjhe;j mbg;gilapy; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLtJld;> mj;jifa
jpUj;jq;fspd; NghJ jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;w tl;b tPj tPr;R jpwe;j
re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfSf;fhd mbg;gilapid cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.
NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l nfhs;if tPjq;fspy; mike;j Jizepy;
trjpfSk; ehshe;j mbg;gilapid toq;FtJld; jpwe;j re;ijj;
njhopw;ghLfSf;fhd fPo;kl;l kw;Wk; cr;rkl;l tPjq;fis
cUthf;Ffpd;wd. jw;Nghija Jizepy; kPs;nfhs;tdT trjp
Jizepy; itg;G trjp vd kPsg; ngahplg;gl;lJld; tq;fpj;njhopy;
Kiwikfspd; kpifahd epjpfis itg;Gr; nra;tjw;fhd fPo;kl;l
tPjj;jpid toq;FtJld; Jizepy; NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT
trjp Jizepy; fld; toq;fy; trjp vd kPsg; ngahplg;gl;lJld;
tq;fpj;njhopy; Kiwikf;F toq;fg;gLk; fld; epjpaq;fSf;fhd
cr;r tPjj;jpidAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ. jw;Nghija nfhs;if
tPj tPr;Rk; Jizepy; tPj tPr;R vd kPsg; ngahplg;gl;lJld;
jw;Nghija Jizepy; kPs;nfhs;tdT tPjKk; NeHkhw;W
kPs;nfhs;tdT tPjKk; KiwNa Jizepy; itg;G trjp tPjk;
vdTk; Jizepy; fld; toq;fy; trjp tPjk; vdTk; 2014 rdthp
02Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J kPsg; ngahplg;gl;ld. jpizf;fsk;> ehzar;
rigapdhy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; epHzapf;fg;gl;lthW chpkk; ngw;w
tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; itg;Gg; nghWg;Gf;fSf;nfjpuhf epajpr; rl;l
xJf;Fj; Njitg;ghLfis eilKiwg;gLj;JtJld; murhq;fk;
kw;Wk; tHj;jf tq;fpfSf;fhd tq;fpahsuhfTk; tpsq;FtJld;
gzj; jufHfisAk; Nkw;ghHit nra;fpwJ.
(<) ehzaj; jhspid kPsj; jahhpg;gjw;fhd xg;Gjy;
6.2 ehzaf; nfhs;ifapid eilKiwg;gLj;jy;
,yq;if ehzaj; jhs;fspd; efy;fis cUthf;Ftjd; kPjhd

ehzar; rigapd; xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;l nfhs;ifapd; epajpfspy;
tpsk;guq;fspy; ehzaj; jhs;fis kPsj; jahhpg;gjw;fhf %d;W
xg;Gjy;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
2013,y; cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk;> Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU

fhyg;gFjpapy; ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
tpjj;jpy;>
FWq;fhy
tl;b
tPjq;fisg;
NgZtjw;fhf>
jputj;jd;ikapd; epuk;gy; kw;Wk; Nfs;tpiag; nghWj;J re;ijf;F
jputj;jd;ikapid tpLtpg;gjw;Fk; mjpypUe;J jputj;jd;ikapid
<Hj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;Fkhf
Kf;fpakhf
jpwe;j
re;ijj;
njhopw;ghLfspD}lhf ehzaf; nfhs;ifj; njhopw;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
(i) 47 Ma;tuq;Ffs; nraykHTfs; elj;jg;gl;ld. 13 thndhyp

njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;;r;rpfspy; gq;Nfw;wJld; 5 njhiyf;fhl;rp
tpsk;guq;fSk;
xspgug;gg;gl;ld.
tq;fp
mYtyHfs;>
fhrpidf; ifahs;NthH> gs;spf;$lg; gps;isfs;> mur>
jdpahH Jiw CopaHfs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; MfpNahH
,jpy; fye;J nfhz;ldH.

(ii) ehza Rw;W tl;lj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhz;Ls;s 03
gs;spf;$lq;fspd; khztHfSf;fhf ehzak; njhlHghd jfty;
gpuRuq;fs; gfpHjspf;fg;gl;lJld; ehzag; nghUl;fhl;rpia
elj;jpa gs;spf;$lnkhd;wpy; nraykHnthd;W elj;jg;gl;lJ.
(iii) 2013 khr;R 23Mk; jpfjp njhlf;fk; khr;R 30Mk; jpfjp
tiu mk;ghiwapy; elj;jg;gl;l Njrpa mgptpUj;jpg;
nghUl;fhl;rpahd 'Njrj;jpd; kFlk;-2013" vd miof;fg;gLk;
Njrj;jpw;F kFlk; nghUl;fhl;rpapy; fye;J nfhz;lJld;
elkhLk; ehza mUk;nghUl;fhl;rpr;rhiyAld; NrHj;J NtW
5 nghUl;fhl;rpfisAk; elj;jpaJ.
(c) nghUshjhu tuyhw;W mUk;nghUl;rhl;rpr;rhiy epWtg;gl;lik

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp 2013.11.11 md;W nfhOk;G Nfhl;ilapYs;s
nrd;wy;
nghapd;l;
fl;llj;jpy;
nghUshjhu
tuyhw;W
mUk;nghUl;fhl;rpr;rhiyia
epWtpaJk;
,uh[fphpatpYs;s
tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd Ma;Tepiyaj;jpy; Ngzg;gl;l
ehza
mUk;nghUl;fhl;rpr;rhiy
nghUshjhu
tuyhw;W
mUk;nghUl;fhl;rpr;rhiyf;F
nfhz;L
tug;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
nghUshjhu tuyhw;W mUk;nghUl;fhl;rpr;rhiyapy; mEuhjGuk;
(fp.K. 3Mk; E}w;whz;bypUe;J fp.gp. 1000 tiuahd fhyk;)
nghydWit> Nfhl;Nl kw;Wk; fz;b ,uhr;rpaq;fspYk; mNjNghd;W
NghHj;Jf;fPrH> xy;yhe;jH kw;Wk; gphpj;jhdpa FbNaw;w fhyq;fspYk;
Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg;
gpd;duhd
,yq;ifapYk;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
Fj;jpfSk; ehzaj; jhs;fSk; fhl;rpf;F itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
Fwpg;gpl;l ghJfhg;Gg; gz;Gfis njhLtjd; %yk; ehzaj;
jhs;fspd; ghJfhg;Gg; gz;Gfs; gw;wp jfty;fis xUq;F jpul;bf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf nghUshjhu tuyhw;W mUk;nghUl;fhl;rpr;rhiyapy;
njhL-jpiu njhiyf;fhl;rpAk; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
6. cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs;

cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk;> jpwe;j re;ijj;
njhopw;ghLfisf; nfhz;L elj;Jtjw;fhfTk;> epajp xJf;Fj;
Njitg;ghLfis
eilKiwf;fpLtjw;fhfTk;
tHj;jf
tq;fpfSf;Fk; murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; tq;fpj;njhopy; trjpfis
toq;Ftjw;fhfTk; ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp mj;jpahak;
V kw;Wk; VI ,y; toq;fg;gl;l mjpfhuq;fspd; fPo; Kf;fpa
njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ.
2013,y; jpizf;fsk;> mNjNeu nkhj;jj; jPHg;gdT Kiwikapd; fPo;>
nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTfspd; R%fkhd njhopw;ghLfSf;fhf>
tHj;jf
tq;fpfSf;Fk;
Kjdpiy
tzpfHfSf;Fk;
xU
ehSf;Fs;Nsahd
jput
trjpfis
toq;Ftjd;
%yk;
tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJk; fhj;jpukhdJkhd cs;ehl;L ,-nfhLg;gdT
kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT Kiwikiag; NgZtjw;Fk; trjpaspj;jJ.
6.1 cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs;
cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk;> ehzar; rigapdhy;
jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;l nfhs;if tl;b tPj tPr;rpw;Fs; tpUk;gj;jf;f
kl;lj;jpy; FWq;fhy tl;b tPjq;fis topelj;jpr; nry;Yk;
Fwpf;NfhSld; jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
gFjp II - 72
2013,y; jputg; gw;whf;FiwAld; Muk;gpj;j cs;ehl;Lg; gzr;

re;ijahdJ ,yq;if tq;fpapd; ntspehl;L Kwpfspd; ngWiffs;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; khw;wg;gl;likapd; fhuzkhf Kjy;
fpoikf;Fs;NsNa kpifahd jd;ikf;F khw;wkile;jJ> mjd;
gpd;dH jputj;jd;ikapd; kpif epiyik ngUk;ghYk; Mz;L
KOtJk; fhzg;gl;lJ. kpifahd jputj;jd;ikf;fhd kw;iwa
Kf;fpa %yq;fshf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpA+lhf Njrpa Nrkpg;G
tq;fpapd; ntspehl;L Kwpfspd; ngWiffs; khw;wg;gl;lik>
epajp xJf;Fj; Njitg;ghLfs; 200 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfspdhy;
Fiwf;fg;gl;lik> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;L
ehzaq;fspd; Neubf; nfhs;tdTfs; kw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpw;F
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l murpiw kpiffspd;
khw;wy; vd;gd tpsq;fpd. kpifahd re;ijj; jputj;jd;ikahdJ
Mz;L KOtJk; jPtpukhd jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfspD}lhf
mfw;wg;gl;lJ. XhpuT kPs;nfhs;tdT fhzg;gl;likf;fpilapYk;
FWq;fhy kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fspD}lhf jputj;jd;ikapid
<Hj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Ff; $basT typAWj;jy;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
vdpDk;> re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik gw;whf;Fiwahff; fhzg;gl;l
xU rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik Njitg;ghl;bid
toq;Ftjw;fhd XhpuT NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT kw;Wk; Jizepy;
trjp vd;gdtw;wpw;Fg; Gwk;ghf fhy NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT
Vyq;fSk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld. 2013,y; kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
clikapypUe;j jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fis tpw;gid nra;jikapd;
%yk; epue;jukhd mbg;gilapy; &.128.8 gpy;ypad; njhifahd
jputj;jd;ikapid <Hj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F cldb Vyq;fs;
elj;jg;gl;ld. kpifahd jputj;jd;ikapid <Hj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F
kj;jpa tq;fp trkpUe;j mur gpizaq;fs; NghJkhdjhf
,Uf;fhikapdhy;> jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfSf;fhd Kwpf;
fld;ghl;L epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fld;gl;l jpiwNrhp Kwpfis
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ.
jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfs; gyg;gLj;jg;gl;l mNjNtisapy;
jputj;jd;ik
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F
gy
topKiwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. 2013 Nkapy;> ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ehspypUe;J epytp te;j epajp xJf;Fj;
Njitg;ghl;Lf; fl;likg;gpw;F ghhpa jpUj;jq;fis ,yq;if kj;jpa
- 2013
gFjp II
tq;fp mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,jd;gb> 7 ehs; xJf;F fzpg;G kw;Wk;

Ngzy; fhyq;fs; 1Mk; ehspypUe;J 15Mk; ehs; tiuapYk;> 16Mk;
ehspypUe;J xt;nthU khj ,Wjp tiuAkhf khjnkhd;wpw;F
,uz;L jlitfs; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;ld. ,j;jpUj;jj;Jld; ,ire;J
nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy;> 2013 Xfj;jpy; rpwe;j re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F trjpaspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; mNj ehsd;W
jPHg;gdT nra;Ak; mbg;gilapy; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp 7 ehl;fs;
tiuapyhd FWq;fhy Vyq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk;>
NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fis ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
toq;Ffpd;w ehl;fspy; kPs;nfhs;tdT Jiz trjpfspd; kPJ
fhzg;gl;l &.100 kpy;ypad; fl;Lg;ghl;bidAk; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fp ePf;fptpl;lJ. nfhs;if tPjq;fSk; epajp xJf;F tPjKk; $l
fPo; Nehf;fpj; jpUj;jg;gl;ld. ,f;nfhs;if khw;wq;fspd; tpisthf>
Mz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT jsk;gy;fisAk;
nfhs;if tPj cr;rkl;lj;jpw;F NkNy Cryhbf; nfhz;bUe;j
XhpuT ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjq;fs; njhlHe;J
cWjpaile;J nfhs;if tPj tPr;rpd; eLg;gFjpapid Nehf;fpg;
gbg;gbahf epiyngw;wd.
tiuglk; II-1 xl;Lnkhj;j jputj;jd;ikAk; nfhs;iftPj tPr;R
12
120
100
10
8
60
40
20
rjtPjk;
&. gpy;ypad;
80
0
2
-20
-13
-13
jp
nr
13
;-13
et
xj
-13
j;-
Xf
nr
y
-13
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a+
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Vg
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kh
13
0
ng
rd
-13
-40
XupuT Vyq;fs;
ePz;lfhy Vyq;fs;
Jiz epy; trjp
FWq;fhy Vyq;fs;
kPs;nfhs;tdT tPjk;
NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT
tPjk;
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;G gztPjk;
6.2.1 jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfs;

m) XhpuT Vyq;fs;
(i) kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fs;
2013 nrg;jk;gH 20tiu tq;fpj;njhopy; Kiwikf;Fs;

fhzg;gl;l
kpifahd
jputj;jd;ikahdJ
XhpuT
kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; Clhf
ehshe;j mbg;gilapy; <Hj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ruhrhpahf
ehnshd;wpw;F &gh 22.4 gpy;ypad; kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fs;
toq;fg;gl;l mNjNtis kpifahd ehl;fspd; cz;ikahd
kpifj; jputj;jd;ikapd; 48 rjtPjj;jpid Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
njhifahdJ gpujpgypj;jpUe;jJ. XupuT kPs;nfhs;tdT
Vyj;jpd; ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l tpisT tPjkhdJ 6.98
rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; 8.50 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWgl;bUe;jJ.
XupuT kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyj;jpd; epiwNaw;wg;gl;l ruhrhp
tPjkhdJ nfhs;if rjtPjj;jpd; fPo; vy;iyapid Nehf;fp
mirtile;jpUe;jJ.
(ii) NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fs;
2013,y ; re i
; jj ; j putj j; d i
; kahdJ xU r py
re j; Hg g; q f; s py ;
gw w; hf F
; iwahff ;
fhzg g; l;l J.
vdNt>
Xh puT
tl;b
t Pj q f; s ;
k Pj hd
Nky ;
Nehf f; pa
mOj j; j j; pidj ;
jsHj J
; tjw f; hf
NeHkhw W
;
k Ps n
; fhs t
; dT Vyq f; s ; njhlHe J
; k;
Nkw n
; fhs s
; g g; l;l d. ruhrhpahf> 8.25 rjtPjj;jpw ;Fk ; 9.31
rjtPjj;jpw ;Fkpilapy ; NtWgl;l epiwNaw ;wg ;gl;l ruhrhp
tpisT tPjj;jpy ; ehnshd ;wpw ;F Vwj;jho &. 6.1 gpy ;ypad ;
nfhz ;l Vyq ;fs ; Kd ;itf;fg ;gl;ld. NkYk ;> re;ijj;
jputj;jd ;ikg ; gw ;whf;Fiwahff; fhzg ;gl;l ehl;fspy ; re;ijj;
jputj;jd ;ikj; Njitg ;ghl;by ; 51.7 rjtPjk ; XhpuT NeHkhw ;W
kPs n; fhs ;tdT Vyq ;fspD}lhf epuk ;gy ; nra ;ag ;gl;lJ.
gFjp II - 73
M) jtizf; nfhLf;fy ;thq ;fy ;fs ;

(i) FWq ;fhy kPs n; fhs ;tdT Vyq ;fs ;

FWq ;fhy
mNjehs ;
jPHg ;gdT
mbg ;gilapy ;
jputj;jd ;ikapid <Hj;Jf; nfhs ;tjw ;fhdnjhU cghakhf
jpiwNrhp cz ;baiy tpw ;gjw ;fhf 2013 Xfj;jpy ; cs ;ehl;Lj;
njhopw ;ghLfs ; jpizf;fsk ; FWq ;fhy kPs n; fhs ;tdT
Vyq ;fis mwpKfg ;gLj;jpaJ. ruhrhpahf ehnshd ;Wf;F
Vyq ;fspd ; nghUl;L &.18.5 gpy ;ypad ; Kd ;itf;fg ;gl;l
Ntisapy ;> kjpg ;gplg ;gl;l kpifahd jputj;jd ;ikapy ; 31.7
rjtPjj;jpidg ; gpurd ;dg ;gLj;jpa &.765.3 gpy ;ypad ; FWq ;fhy
kPs n; fhs ;tdT Vyj;jpd ; %yk ; <Hf;fg ;gl;lJ. FWq ;fhy
kPs n; fhs ;tdT Vyj;jpd ; fhyk ; xU fpoik tiuapyhdjhff;
fhzg ;gl;l Ntisapy ; epiwNaw ;wg ;gl;l ruhrhp tpisT tPjk ;
7.00 rjtPjj;jpy pUe;J 7.98 rjtPjk ; tiuapyhd tPr ;rpy ;
NtWgl;lJ.
(ii) FWq;fhy NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fs;
cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk; FWq;fhy mNjehs;
jPHg;gdT mbg;gilapy;> jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fisAk;
jpiwNrhp
KwpfisAk;
nfhs;tdT
nra;tjw;fhf
,uz;L FWq;fhy NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fis
kl;Lk; elj;jpaJ. xU Vyj;jpd; fPo; &.5.0 gpy;ypad;
kl;LNk Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; 8.20 rjtPjk; nfhz;l
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l ruhrhp tpisT tPjj;jpy; re;ijf;F epjpak;
cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;lJ.
(iii) ePz;l fhy kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fs;
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp kpifr; re;ijj;
jputj;jd;ikapy; &.51.6 gpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd njhifapid
<Hj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. jtiz kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fspd; fhyk;
7 ehl;fspypUe;J 63 ehl;fs; tiu NtWgl;lJ. ,t;thz;Lg;
gFjpapy; epiwNaw;wg;gl;l ruhrhp tpiT tPjq;fs; 7.45
rjtPjj;jpw;Fk;
8.95
rjtPjj;jpw;Fkpilapy;
mire;J
nfhz;bUe;jd.
(iv) ePz;l fhy NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fs;
2013Mk;
Mz;Lg;
gFjpapy;>
xg;gPl;L
mbg;gilapy;
ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy; re;ijf;F jputj;jd;ikapid
cl;nrYj;Jtjw;fhf ePz;l fhy NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT
Vyq;fis kj;jpa tq;fp elj;jpaJ. fhy NeHkhw;W
kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fspd; fhyk; 11 ehl;fspypUe;J 30
ehl;fs; tiuapy; NtWgl;l Ntisapy; epiwNaw;wg;gl;l ruhrhp
tpisT tPjk; 8.25 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; 9.56 rjtPjj;jpw;Fkpilapy;
NtWgl;lJ. Mz;L KOtJk; cl;nrYj;jg;gl;l nkhj;j
msT &.40.5 gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
,) Jizepy; trjpfs;
tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd gzr; re;ij kw;Wk; ehshe;j jpwe;j
re;ijj; njhopw;ghl;L Vyq;f@lhf jkJ FWq;fhy epjpj;
Njitg;ghLfis KOikahf Kfhikg;gLj;j Kbahj gq;Nfw;Fk;
epWtdq;fSf;F ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; kPs;nfhs;tdT tPjk;
kw;Wk; NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdT tPjq;f@lhf Mz;L KOtJk;
Jizepy; trjpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. Jizepy; trjpapd; fPohd
kPs;nfhs;tdTf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; ehnshd;wpw;F Vwj;jho
&.9.0 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehshe;j ruhrhpapidg; gjpT nra;jJld;
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapd; nkhj;jj; njhif &.2>192.2 gpy;ypadhff;
fhzg;gl;lJ. 2013,y; Jizepy; trjpapd; fPohd NeHkhw;W
kPs;nfhs;tdTf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; nkhj;jk; &.105.4
gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
<) cldbf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;
kpifahd
jputj;jd;ikapid
epue;ju
mbg;gilapy;
<Hj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L> kj;jpa tq;fp mjd; nrhe;j
nrhj;Jg;gl;baypYs;s jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fis tpw;gid
nra;tjw;fhf cldb tpw;gid Vyq;fis elj;jpaJ. 2013,y;
cldb tpw;gid Vyq;fspD}lhf tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;l
jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd; nkhj;jg; ngWkjp &.128.8 gpy;ypadhf
tpsq;fpaJ. tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;l jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd;
fhyk; 7 ehl;fspypUe;J 64 ehl;fs; tiuapy; NtWgl;l Ntisapy;
tpisT tPjq;fs; 7.28 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 9.10 rjtPjk; tiuapy;
NtWg;gl;ld.
- 2013
gFjp II
6.2.2 epajp xJf;Fj; Njitg;ghL

epajp xJf;Fj; Njitg;ghL vd;gJ> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
xOq;Ftpjpfspd; epajpfSf;fpzq;f> xt;nthU tHj;jf tq;fpAk;
mtw;wpd; nkhj;j itg;Gg; nghWg;Gf;fspy; xU gFjpapid
kj;jpa tq;fpAldhd xJf;Ff; fzf;fpy; NgZkhW Nfl;Lf;
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w Fiwe;jgl;r xJf;nfhd;whFk;. cs;ehl;Lj;
njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk; epajp xJf;Fj; Njitg;ghl;bd;
epUthfk; kw;Wk; Ngzy; mj;Jld; tHj;jf tq;fpfspd;
,zq;Ftpg;igf; fz;fhzpj;jy; Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; nghWg;ghf
,Uf;fpd;wJ. epajp xJf;Fj; Njitg;ghl;bd; Vw;Gilj;jhd
tPjkhdJ 2013 A+iy 01Mk; ehspypUe;J xt;nthU tHj;jf
tq;fpapdJk; &gh itg;Gg; nghWg;Gf;fspd; 8 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 6
rjtPjj;jpw;F Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ.
6.2.3 tq;fp tPjk;
ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; 87Mk; gphptpd; fPo; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfSf;fhd FWq;fhy Kw;gzq;fs;
kPjhd kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tl;b tPjk; (tq;fp tPjk;) 15 rjtPjj;jpy;
khw;wkpd;wpf; fhzg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;> tq;fp tPjj;jpy; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapypUe;J fld;ghLfis tq;fpfs; vJTk; ehlhikapdhy;>
,t;tl;b tPjkhdJ fUj;Jg;gbahd tPjkhf khj;jpuNk ,Ue;jJ.
6.3 tHj;jf tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; murpw;fhd tq;fpahsH
6.3.1 epjpapay; epWtdq;fspd; fzf;Ffs;
tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd nfhLg;gdTfisAk;
jPHg;gdT
KiwfisAk;
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf>
tHj;jf
tq;fpfSf;Fk;
Kjdpiy
tzpfHfSf;Fk;
eilKiwf;
fzf;F trjpfis cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk;
toq;fpajd; %yk; tHj;jf tq;fpfSf;fhd tq;fpahsH vd;w
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tfpghfj;jpw;F trjpaspj;jJ. 2013 ,Wjpapy;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp 24 tHj;jf tq;fpfSf;Fk; 7 Kjdpiy
tzpfHfSf;Fkhd fzf;Ffisg; NgzpaJ. ,f;fzf;Ffs;
tq;fpapd; jd;dpaf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghJg; NgNul;L Kiwikf;Fs;
mNjNeu nkhj;jj; jPHg;gdT mbg;gilapy; njhopw;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
6.3.2 mur fzf;Ffs;
cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk; mur jpizf;fsq;fs;>
mur KftHfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l epajpr;
rigfs; vd;gdtw;wpd; fzf;Ffisg; NgzpaJld;> Njitahd
tq;fpj;njhopy; trjpfisAk; toq;fp murpw;fhd tq;fpahsuhf
mjd; njhopw;ghLfis Mw;wpaJ. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy;
Ngzg;gLfpd;w fzf;Ffspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 2013 ,Wjpapy;
55 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; 89Mk; gphptpd;
epajpfSf;fpzq;f> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> Fwpg;gpl;l ,iwahz;by;
kjpg;gplg;gl;l mur murpiwapy; 10 rjtPjk; vd;w cr;rkl;l
tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L
fl;lzq;fnsJTkpd;wp
murhq;fj;jpw;F
jw;fhypf Kw;gzq;fis toq;FfpwJ. 2013Mk; Mz;bw;fhf
kjpg;gplg;gl;l caHe;j mur murpiwapd; fhuzkhf 2013,y;
jw;fhypf Kw;gzq;fspd; cr;r vy;iy &.15.3 gpy;ypadhy;
&.128.3 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jJld; 2013 ,Wjpapy; jw;fhypf
Kw;gzq;fs; 2012 ,Wjpapd; &.111.3 gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy;
&.109.2 gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
6.4 xU ehSf;Fs;Nsahd jput trjp Vw;ghL

xU ehSf;Fs;Nsahd jput trjp
vLg;gdT - 2013
tiuglk; II-2
40
35
&. gpy;ypad;
30
25
20
gFjp II - 74
jpnr-13
et-13
xj;-13
nrj;-13
Xf-13
a+d;-13
Nk-13
Vg;-13
khH-13
ngg;-13
rd-13
10
a+iy-13
15
gq;Nfw;Fk; epWtdq;fSf;F xU ehSf;Fs;Nsahd jput trjp

Vw;ghl;bid toq;Ftjd; %yk; cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsk; mNjNeu nkhj;jj; jPHg;gdT Kiwikapd;
R%fkhdJk;
tpidj;jpwd;
kpf;fJkhd
njhopw;ghl;bid
cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ.
,t;trjpahdJ
jpiwNrhp
cz;bay;fs;
kw;Wk; Kwpfspd; gpizaq;fSf;nfjpuhff; fl;lznkJTkpd;wp
toq;fg;gl;lJld; mit mNjehspy; re;ij tpiyfspy;
Vw;glf;$ba VNjDk; NtWghLfis <Hj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;NfJthf
NghJkhd ,yhgnkhd;Wld; mtw;wpd; eilKiwr; re;ij
tpiyfspy; kjpg;gplg;gl;ld.
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;> vLg;gdT nra;ag;gl;l xU ehSf;Fs;Nsahd
jput trjpapd; nkhj;jg; ngWkjpAk; ruhrhp ehshe;jg; ngWkjpAk;
KiwNa &.4>674.1 gpy;ypadhfTk; &.19.2 gpy;ypadhfTk;
fhzg;gl;lJ. ,J xU ehSf;Fs;Nsahd jput trjpg; gad;ghL
Kd;ida Mz;bd; KiwNa nkhj;jj; njhifahd &.3>692 gpy;ypad;
kw;Wk; ruhrhpahd &.15 gpy;ypaid tpl mjpfhpj;Js;sikiaf;
fhl;baJ.
6.5 gzj; jufHfspd; Nkw;ghHit
cs;ehl;Lg; gzk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L ehzar; re;ijapd;
njhopw;ghl;L tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;> ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp> nghUshjhuj;jpy; njhopw;gLfpd;w epjpapay;
epWtdq;fspd; NtWgl;l tiffspd; mbg;gilapy; fz;fhzpg;G
eltbf;iffspd; nraw;gug;gpid mjpfhpj;jJ. epjpapay; Kiwik
cWjpg;ghl;bid tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd trjpfis milAk;
tpjj;jpy;> 1949Mk; Mz;bd; 58Mk; ,yf;f ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd;
gphpT 10(,) ,d; fPo; '2013Mk; Mz;bd; 1Mk; ,yf;f gzj;juF
xOq;Ftpjpfs;" tpLf;fg;gl;lJld; mit 2013 ngg;GUthp 15Mk;
ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;F te;jd. Gjpa xOq;Ftpjpfspd; fPo;>
Vw;fdNtAs;s gzj;jufHfSk; gzj;juF eltbf;iffspy;
Eiotjw;F vz;zpAs;s Gjpa epWtdq;fs; jdp egHfSk;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ehzar; rigapdhy; toq;fg;gLk;
'mjpfhur; rhd;wpjio"g; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. xOq;Ftpjpfs;
kw;iwa gy tplaq;fSld; Fiwe;jgl;r jifikg; gpukhzk;
rl;l hPjpahf mDkjpf;fj;jf;f eltbf;iffs;> njhopw;ghl;Lj;
Njitg;ghLfs;>
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghLfs;>
cs;sff;
nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfs;> fk;gdp MSif> mwpf;ifaply;
Njitg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ,zq;fpnahOfhikf;fhd jz;lq;fs;
vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. xOq;Ftpjpfs; gzj;jufHfspd;
njhopw;ghLfSf;F
kjpg;gpid
toq;FnkdTk;
gzj;juFg;
gzpfis Mw;Wk; epjpapay; epWtdq;fSf;F jd;dk;gpf;ifapid
Cl;LnkdTk; vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,NjNghd;W ,J tpiy
fz;lwpAk; nraw;ghl;bd; tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;w Ntisapy;>
ehl;bd; xl;Lnkhj;j gzr; re;ij kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr;
re;ijapd; MNuhf;fpakhd mgptpUj;jpia cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;w
tpjj;jpy; jpwe;j re;ij eilKiwfspd; njhopy;rhH epGzj;Jtj;
juq;fisg; NgZtjw;Fk; trjpaspj;jJ.

7.
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rp
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; 1949Mk; Mz;bd; 58Mk;
,yf;f ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; 1950,y; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fp epWtg;gl;l mNj fhyj;jpy; epWtg;gl;lJ. kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
'nghUshjhu rpe;jidf; Fjkhf" tpsq;Fk; nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj;
jpizf;fsk; gzk; kw;Wk; tq;fpj;njhopy; kw;Wk; nghJthd
<LghL kpf;f Vida nghUshjhu tplaq;fspd; nfhs;iffs;
kw;Wk; topKiwfis tbtikj;jy;> eilKiwf;fply; kw;Wk;
epiwNtw;Wjy; vd;gdtw;wpy; ehzar; rigf;Fk; MSeUf;Fk;
topfhl;Ltjw;fhfTk; nghJkf;fspd; jfty;fSf;fhfTk; juTfisj;
jahhpf;fpd;w kw;Wk; nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w
njhopw;ghLfs; mjdplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jpizf;fsj;jpd;
rl;l hPjpahd nghWg;Gf;fis Mw;Wk;NghJ mtrpakhdJ vdf;
fUJfpd;w VNjDk; jfty;fisr; rkHg;gpf;FkhW vtNuDk;
Msplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;tjw;fhd mjpfhuj;ij ehza tpjpr; rl;lk;
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpg; gzpg;ghsUf;F my;yJ nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpg;ghsuhy; mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; vtNuDk; mYtyUf;F
toq;fpAs;sJ.

jpizf;fsk;> Mz;Lf; fhyj;jpy;> epiyj;jpUf;fj;jf;f caH
nghUshjhu tsHr;rpapid miltjw;F nghUshjhu kw;Wk; tpiy
cWjpg;ghl;bidg; Ngzy; kw;Wk; KjyPl;lhsH ek;gpf;ifapid
- 2013
gFjp II
tYg;gLj;Jk; Ntisapy; ntspehl;L mjpHTfSf;F jhf;Fg;
gpbf;Fk; jd;ikapid Nkk;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; ntspehl;Lj;Jiw
cWjpg;ghl;bid Ngzy; Nghd;w jdJ ,yf;Ffis miltjpy;
Kd;Ndw;wkile;jJ. NkYk;> nghUshjhu Muha;r;rp jpizf;fsk;
fhj;jpukhd
nfhs;if
tbtikg;G
kw;Wk;
epajpr;rl;l
Njitg;ghLfshd Mz;lwpf;if kw;Wk; Vida mwpf;iffis
ntspapLjy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F trjpaspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; nfhs;if
Muha;r;rpapy; njhlHe;Jk; <Lgl;bUe;jJ. jpizf;fsk; murhq;fk;
kw;Wk; Vida MHtyHfSf;F nfhs;if njhlHghd kjpAiufis
toq;FtjpYk; Kidg;ghfr; nraw;gl;lJ.

nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj;
jpizf;fsk;
mjd;
cghaf;
Fwpf;Nfhs;fis
milAk;
tpjj;jpy;
2013,y;
gpd;tUk;
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

7.1 nghUshjhu kw;Wk; tpiy cWjpg;ghl;bidg; Ngzy;

tpiy cWjpg;ghl;bidg; NgZk; Nehf;Fld;> nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l
Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu tpUj;jpfSld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy;
ehza tphpthf;fj;jpw;fhd tpUk;gpa ghijia mikg;gjw;fhd
mj;jpthuj;jpid ,l;lJld; mjd; gpd;dH nfhs;if jiyaPl;bidj;
Njitg;gLj;Jk; VNjDk; tpyfy;fisf; fz;lwptjw;fhf Nghf;Ffs;
kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpfis EZf;fkhf fz;fhzpj;jJ. ,t; Kf;fpa
nghWg;ghz;ikia Nkw;nfhs;ifapy;> nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj;
jpizf;fsk; cz;ikj;Jiw> ntspehl;Lj;Jiw> ,iwj;Jiw
kw;Wk; ehzaj;Jiw vd;gtw;wpf;Fhpa Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu
Gs;sptpguq;fis
njhFj;jy;
kw;Wk;
cs;ehl;L
mj;Jld;
gd;dhl;L nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; kPjhd midj;ijAk;
cs;slf;fpa gFg;gha;Tfis> ehzaf; nfhs;if njhlHghf
ehzar; rigf;F kjpAiufis toq;Fk; ehzaf; nfhs;if
FOtpd; khjhe;jf; $l;lq;fspw;F toq;Fjy; Nghd;w flikfis
Nkw;nfhz;lJ. nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; Kd;$l;ba
kw;Wk; chpa Neuj;jpy; ehzaf; nfhs;if jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sy;
nrad;Kiwia trjpg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L nghUspay; khjphpfisg;
gad;gLj;jp Kjd;ik kw;Wk; ikag; gztPf;fq;fis njhlHe;Jk;
vwpT nra;jJ. ehzar; rigAk; cz;ikj;Jiw> ntspehl;Lj;Jiw>
,iw kw;Wk; ehzaj;Jiw mgptpUj;jpfspypUe;J Njhd;wf;$ba
,lHNeHTfs; kw;Wk; ,t; mgptpUj;jpfspdhy; gztPf;fk; kw;Wk;
nghUshjhu tsHr;rp vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd
jhf;fq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw kjpg;gPL nra;tjd; %yk; njhlHr;rpahf
,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> jdpahH Jiwapd; gpujpepjpfspd;
fUj;Jf;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; ehzaf; nfhs;ifj;
jPHkhdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nrad;Kiwapidg; gyg;;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;l ehzaf; nfhs;if MNyhridf;
FOTld; khje;NjhWk; $l;lq;fs; elhj;jg;gl;ld.

ehzar; rigapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ehzaf; nfhs;ifj;
jPHkhdq;fs; khjhe;j ehza nfhs;if gj;jphpif ntspaPLfspD}
lhf nghJkf;fSf;F mwptpf;fg;gl;ld. ,g;gj;jphpif ntspaPLfs;
gztPf;f vjpHghHg;Gf;fis Kfhiknra;tjw;fhd nfhs;ifapid
gaDW tpjj;jpy; njhlHG+l;Ltjpy; cjtpahf cs;sJld;
nfhs;ifapd;
ek;gfj;jd;ikapid
NgZk;
mNjNtis
nghJkf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifapidf; fl;bnaOg;gTk; cjTfpwJ.
,jw;fpzq;f> nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; jdJ Kf;fpa
Fwpf;Nfhs;fshd gztPf;fj;jpid eL xw;iw ,yf;f kl;lj;jpy;
Ngzy; kw;Wk; Mz;Lf; fhyj;jpy; FWq;fhyr; re;ij tl;b
tPjq;fis tpUk;gpa kl;lj;jpy; NgZjy; Mfpatw;wpid miltjpy;
ntw;wpaile;Js;sJ. NkYk;> nghUshjhuk; nkJthd cyfshtpa
kPl;rp kw;Wk; Njhw;wk; ngw;WtUk; nghUshjhuq;fspy; epytpa
kPsg;GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l epr;rakw;w jd;ik vd;gdtw;wpw;F kj;jpapYk;
nghUj;jkhd ehzaf; nfhs;if topKiwfspd; cldbahd
eilKiwf;fplypdhy; XH jpUg;jpfukhd nghUshjhu tsHr;rpapid
gjpT nra;jJ.

7.2 ntspehl;Lj; Jiw cWjpapidg; NgZjy;

ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lj;Jiw cWjpg;ghL nryhtzptPj epHzapg;gpy;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;l
mjpfsthd
jsHTfspd;
cjtpapdhy;
Ngzg;gl;lJ. ntspehl;Lj; Jiwapd; Mw;wy; kw;Wk; cWjpapid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
ntspehl;Lj;Jiw
mgptpUj;jpfspd;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;fspd; Vw;ghl;bw;F Nkyjpfkhf>
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; njhlHe;Jk; nryhtzp tPjk;
kw;Wk; nrd;kjp epYitf;fhd ntspaf ghjpf;ff;$bajd;ik
gFjp II - 75

kw;Wk; rhj;jpakhd mjpHTfis ,dq;fz;Lnfhz;lJld; ehzar;
rigf;F nfhs;if ghpe;JiufSld; tphpthd gFg;gha;TfisAk;
toq;fpaJ. ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpf; flg;ghl;bidg;
G+Hj;jpnra;tjw;F NghJkhdsT ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp xJf;f
kl;lj;jpidf;
fzpf;Fk;nghUl;L
rhj;jpakhd
,lHNeHTf;F
fhuzpfis xUq;fpizj;j XH Gjpa ,lHNeHT epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
xJf;F NghJik msT Kiw tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ. Vw;Wkjpj;
Jiwapid
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
mtw;wpd;
nrayhw;wj;jpid
jLf;Fk; tplaq;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fkhf Vw;WkjpahsHfSld;
fye;Jiuahly;fs; elhj;jg;gl;ld. mj;jifa Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs;
ntspehl;Lj;Jiw nrayhw;wj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Kd;$l;ba
nfhs;if kjpAiufis toq;Ftjpy; cjtpd. nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; ntspehl;Lj;Jiw mgptpUj;jpfis
khjhe;j
ntspehl;Lj;Jiw
gj;jphpif
ntspaPLfsplhf
njhlHG+l;baJ.
g.eh. epjpaj;jplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;l njhopy;El;g cjtpfSld;
Mz;Lf; fhyj;jpy; nrd;kjp epYitf; ifE}y; 5 ,ypUe;J nrd;kjp
epYitf; ifE}y; 6 ,w;fhd khWjy; ,Wjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;>
,t;thz;lwpf;ifAld; nrd;kjp epYitf; ifE}y; 6,d; fPohd
Gs;sptpguq;fspd; ntspaPL njhlq;Fk;. nrd;kjp epYitf;
ifE}y; 6 ,w;fhd khw;wk; gzpfs; Jiw njhlHghd
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l 8 mstPLfspw;Fg;; Gwk;ghf> 1>200 jdpahH
fk;gdpfspd; ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fs;
kPjhd jfty;fisr; Nrfhpg;gjw;fhf elhj;jg;gl;l tUlhe;j
gd;dhl;L KjyPL mstPLfspd; %yk; cjtg;gl;lJ. NkYk;>
Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy; gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyikf; $w;Wf;fs; kw;Wk;
xJf;f juTfis nrd;kjp epYitf; ifE}y; 6 tbtikg;gpd;
fPo; njhFf;Fk; nraw;ghL KbTWj;jg;gl;lJ. nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; ,yq;iff;fhd Rw;Wyh nra;kjpf; fzf;F
Kiwikapd; eilKiwf;fpliy xUq;fpizj;jJ. ,yq;if
Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig> njhifkjpg;Gg; Gs;sptpguq;fs;
jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Gs;sptpgutpay; jpizf;fsk;
vd;gdtw;wpd; gq;Nfw;Gld; Rw;Wyhj; Jiw nra;kjpf; fzf;fpid
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf njhopy;El;g kl;l Ntiyf;FO xd;Wk;
kjpAiu FOkk; xd;Wk; mikf;fg;gl;ld.
7.3 Kd;$l;ba nfhs;if kjpAiu toq;Fjy;
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; nghUshjhu tplaq;fs; kPjhd
nfhs;if kjpAiufis murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; kw;Wk; gy;NtW Vida
MHtyHfspw;Fk; toq;fpaJ. 2013 ,d; Kjy; miug;gFjpapd;
nghUshjhu nrayhw;wj;jpd; gFg;gha;Tld; ,izj;J kj;jpa
tq;fp mjdJ Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fis miljypy; murhq;fj;jpd;
jw;Nghija ,iwf; nfhs;if nfhz;Ls;s jhf;fj;jpidf;
fzpg;gpLk; nrj;njk;gH 15 Mk; jpfjp mwpf;if kw;Wk; 2014 murpd;
tuTnryTj;jpl;lj;jpid jahhpj;jYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;glTs;s
nfhs;if Kd; nkhopTfSldhd eLj;ju fhy Njhw;wg;ghL
vd;gd epjp kw;Wk; jpl;lkply; mikr;rUf;F rkHgpf;fg;gl;ld.
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy; 124
mikr;ruitg; gj;jpuq;fs; kPJ Nguz;l nghUshjhu jhf;fq;fs;
kPjhd jdpj;Jtkhd fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufis toq;fpaJ.
NkYk;> gy;NtW murhq;f epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; tq;fpapd; Vida
jpizf;fsq;fspdhy; nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk;
njhlHghf Nfhug;gl;l tplaq;fs; kPJ mtjhdpg;Gf;fSk;
fUj;Jf;fSk;
toq;fg;gl;ld.
nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj;
jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy; murhq;fj;jpdhy; ngwg;gl;l
20 ntspehl;L fld;fs; kPjhd ehzaj; jhf;fq;fs; gw;wpa
kjpg;gPLfs; kw;Wk; Jizepy; mikr;ruit epakdk;;ngw;w kPsha;T
FOkj;jpd; NjitgLj;jy;fspw;Nfw;g njhlHghd mikr;Rf;fspdhy;
rkHgpf;fg;gl;l ghpe;Jiuf;fg;glhj 25 fld; Kd;nkhopTfs; kPjhd
mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;iw toq;fpaJ.
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; %j;j mYtyHfs;
murhq;fk;
kw;Wk;
Vida
KftHfspdhy;
mikf;fg;gl;l
nfhs;if kjpAiuf; FOkq;fspy; gq;Fgw;wp nghUj;jkhd
nfhs;if topfhl;ly;fis toq;fpdH. mj;jifa ntspNa
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpa
FOkq;fs;
tskhf;fpapd;
tHj;jf
tpiyapidj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; FOkk;> ,yq;ifapYs;s njhopyhsH
kw;Wk; r%f Nghf;Ffisg; gFg;gha;T nra;Ak; FOkk;2012> cyfshtpa tpahghu ikaj;jpid cUthf;FtJ kPjhd
Jizf;FO> tHj;jf ikaj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;Lkakhf;fYf;fhd
topfhl;ly; FO> kd;dhH tis Flhtpy; ,uz;lhk; fl;l vz;nza;
mfo;T kPjhd R+oy; jhf;ff; fzpg;gPl;Lf; FO kw;Wk; Rw;Wyh
nra;kjp fzf;F jpl;lk; vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jd.
- 2013
gFjp II
jpizf;fsj;jpd; %j;j mYtyHfs; re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfs; FOkk;>
epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL FOkk;> cs;ehl;Lg; nghJg;gLfld;
Kfhikj;Jtf; FOkk;> ntspehl;L xJf;F Kfhikj;Jt FOkk;
kw;Wk; ,lHNeHT Kfhikj;Jtf; FOkk; Nghd;w Kf;fpa cs;sf
FOkq;fspy; gq;Fgw;wpaJld; cs;sPLfisAk; toq;fpdH. NkYk;>
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fs mYtyHfs; tq;fpapd; Vida
cs;sf FOkq;fspd;> Fwpg;ghf ntspehl;L ehza cl;gha;r;ry;fs;
fz;fhzpg;G FOkk;> yq;fh jPHg;gdT Kiwikf;fhd vjpHghuhj
epfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; mdHj;j kPl;Gf; FOkk;> E}yf kjpAiuf;
FOkk;> rpwg;G juTg; gug;gy; epakf; FO> Ie;J ikaq;fis
cUthf;Fjypd; njhopw;gLj;jy; Ntiyf;fhf xJf;fg;gl;l FOkk;>
gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaply; kPjhd Njrpa
,lHNeHTf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhf epakpf;fg;gl;l gzpahw;wy; FOkk;>
nfhOk;G tHj;jf tpahghu khtl;lj;jpy; cl;fl;likg;G ,aysT
,ilntspfis Ma;T nra;tjw;F XH epGziu epakpg;gjw;fhd
njhopy;El;g FO kw;Wk; ehl;bw;fhd Kwp toq;fy; kPjhd
njhopy;El;g kjpg;gPl;Lf; FOkk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; gq;Fgw;wpaJld;
gFg;gha;Tfis toq;fpaJ.
7.4 epajpr;rl;l kw;Wk; Vida mwpf;iffspd; ntspaPLfspD}lhf

jfty;fisg; gug;gy;
epajpr;rl;l mwpf;iffs; kw;Wk; 'mz;ikf;fhyg; nghUshjhu
mgptpUj;jpfs;">
'topfhl;ly;"
Nghd;w
gy;NtW
Vida
mwpf;iffis Kk;nkhopfspYk; jahhpf;Fk; Kf;fpa nghWg;ghz;ik
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jw;fpzq;f kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghL>
Jiw hPjpahd Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;> kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; fzf;Ffs; kw;Wk; njhopw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Gs;sptpgutpay;
,izg;Gf;fs; vd;gdtw;iw ntspf;fhl;Lk; 2012 ,w;fhd kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; Mz;lwpf;if tq;fpapd; Vida jpizf;fsq;fspd;
cjtpAld; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; jahhpf;fg;gl;L epjp
kw;Wk; jpl;lkply; mikr;rUf;F mspf;fg;gl;lJ. 'mz;ikf;fhy
nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; - 2013 ,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk;
2014,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;" vDk; ntspaPL tuT nryTj;jpl;l
ciu - 2014 cld; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
,izaj;jsj;jpy;
khjj;jpd;
'epfo;Tfs;"
cs;slq;fyhf
nghUshjhuj;jpd; midj;J Jiwfspd; kPjhd Gs;sptpgutpay;
jfty;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s khjhe;j nra;jpj; jpul;Lf;fSk;
gj;jphpif ntspaPLfSk; ntspaplg;gl;ld.
njhlHe;J VohtJ Mz;lhf kj;jpa tq;fpapd; nfhs;if
mwpf;ifahd 'topfhl;ly; 2013 - 2013 ,w;Fk; mjw;F
mg;ghYf;Fkhd ehza kw;Wk; epjpapay; Jiwf; nfhs;iffs;"
2013 rdthp 2Mk; ehs; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. topfhl;lyhdJ
MHtyHfspd; vjpHtUk; fhyj;jpw;fhd mtHfsJ nrhe;jj;
jpl;lq;fisAk;
cghaq;fisAk;
tbtikg;gjw;Fk;
rpwe;j
Kiwapy; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; cjtf;$ba kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
nfhs;iffspd; vjpHT$wy;fisAk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ikapidAk;
caHj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. topfhl;ly; 2014 ,w;fhd
jahHgLj;jy;fs; 2013 jpnrk;gH fhyg;gFjpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L
2014 rdthp 02Mk; ehs; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;litf;F Nkyjpfkhf jpizf;fsk; nghJkf;fspd;
eyDf;fhf nghUshjhu kw;Wk; epjpapay; jfty;fis ehshe;j>
thuhe;j kw;Wk; khjhe;j Fwpfhl;bfis Clfq;fs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; ntg;jsj;jpD}lhfg; gug;gpaJ. khjhe;j ehzaf;
nfhs;if kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lj;Jiwr; nrayhw;w gj;jphpif
ntspaPLfSf;Fg; Gwk;ghf Njhw;wk; ngw;WtUk; tplaq;fs;
kPjhd nghJkf;fspd; mwptpid caHj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; gj;jphpif
mwpf;iffis ntspapl;lJ.
7.5 nfhs;if Ma;T kw;Wk; mwpthw;wiyg; gfpHe;J nfhs;Sk;
eltbf;iffspy; <LgLjy;
rkfhy Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j tplaq;fspy; Muha;r;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;tjid Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; mYtyHfs; tq;fpapd; Njitg;ghLfisg;
G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;fhfTk; mtHfsJ nrhe;j Kaw;rpfSf;fhfTk;
gy Muha;r;rpf; fw;iffis elhj;jpdH. jpizf;fsj;jpw;Fs;shd
Muha;r;rp eltbf;iffis trjpg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; tq;fpapd;
Muha;r;rpf;fyhr;rhuj;ij Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; mikf;fg;gl;l
'Muha;r;rp kjpAiuf; FOkk;" 2013 ,Yk; jdJ eltbf;iffisj;
njhlHe;jJ. nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fs mYtyHfSk;
gFjp II - 76

mj;Jld;
tq;fpapd;
Vida
jpizf;fs
mYtyHfSk;
nghUshjhuk; njhlHghd jiyg;Gf;fspy; Muha;r;rpfspid
Nkw;nfhs;tjpid trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 'Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu
khjphpg;gLj;jy; myF" 2012,y; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,k; Kaw;rpapd;
fPo; ehd;F Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufs; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mit
2014,y; ntspaplg;gLk; vdTk; vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F epakpf;fg;gl;l ntspaf 'gl;ljhhp
gapYeHfspd;" ,uz;L Muha;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSk; 'Nguz;lg;
nghUshjhu khjphpg;gLj;jy;" myfpdhy; Nkw;ghHit nra;ag;gl;lJ.
NkYk;> nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; %j;j mYtyHfs;
gl;lg;gpd; gbg;gpw;F nry;fpd;wtHfspd; Muha;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F
topfhl;ly;> Nkw;ghHit nra;jy; kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL nra;jy; %yk;
njhlHr;rpahf cjtpdH. ,jd;gb Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy; nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; 25 Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufs; kjpg;gPL
nra;ag;gl;ld.
2013 nrj;njk;ghpy; ntspaplg;gl;l mYtyH Ma;Tfs; vd;w kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; Muha;r;rp ntspaPL mjd; 42 MtJ ghfj;jpy; %d;W
midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa Ma;Tf; fl;Liufisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj;
jpizf;fsk;
2013
jpnrk;ghpy;
njhlHr;rpahf MwhtJ Mz;lhfTk; gd;dhl;L Muha;r;rp khehl;il
xOq;FgLj;jpaJ. gd;dhl;L Muha;r;rp khehL gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;
nfhs;if hPjpahdJk; kw;Wk; mDgt hPjpahdJkhd Muha;r;rpfisr;
rkHg;gpg;gjw;Fk; fye;JiuahLtjw;Fk; Muha;r;rpahsHfspilNa
fUj;Jf;fisg; ghpkhw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; re;jHg;gnkhd;wpid
toq;fpaJ. gd;dhl;L Muha;r;rp khehl;by; kNyrpah> ghfpj;jhd;
kw;Wk; ,yq;if Nghd;w ehLfspypUe;J Muha;r;rpahsHfs; jkJ
Muha;r;rp KbTfis rkHg;gpj;jdH. Kd;ida tUlq;fspidg;
Nghd;W nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; mYtyHfs;
njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa tq;fpfs; epiyaj;Jldhd ,ize;j
Muha;r;rpfis elhj;Jtjpy; <Lgl;bUe;jdH. gd;dhl;L ehza
epjpaj;Jldhd ntspaPl;L ,ilntspg; gFg;gha;T kPjhd
,ize;j
Muha;r;rpf;
fl;Liu
Ntiy
Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy;
Kd;Ndw;wkile;Js;sJld; 2014 ,y; ntspaplg;gLk; vdTk;
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;Fs;shd mwpthw;wiyg;
gfpHe;J nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;
njhlHghf jpizf;fsj;jpy; mjd; mYtyHfspdhy; thuhe;j
fUj;juq;Ffs; elhj;jg;gl;l mNjNtis nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj;
jpizf;fs mYtyHfspd; mwpthw;wiy tsHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
epGzHfs; kw;Wk; rpwe;j Ngr;rhsHfs; tphpTiufis elhj;Jtjw;fhf
miof;fg;gl;ldH. jpizf;fsj;jpd; %j;j mYtyHfs; kj;jpa
tq;fpj;njhopy; kw;Wk; ehzaf; nfhs;if Nghd;w tplaq;fspy;
cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; jkJ
mwpthw;wiyAk; mDgtj;jpidAk; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjpy; ngUk;
gq;fspj;jdH. nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; kdpjtsj;
jpizf;fsj;Jld; ,ize;J nghUshjhuj;jpd; Fwpg;gpl;l Jiwfspy;
tphpTiufis Mw;Wtjw;fhf ifj;njhopy; JiwfspypUe;J
epGzHfis tutioj;J 'khjhe;j nghUshjhu muq;fj;jpid"
elhj;jpaJ.
,izf;fg;gl;l
jpizf;fs
mYtyHfSk;
tphpTiufis elhj;jpdhHfs; jpizf;fs mYtyHfs; tq;fpj;
njhopy; fw;iffspw;fhd Ma;Tepiyak;> ,yq;if mgptpUj;jp
epHthf epWtdk;> gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> gs;spf;$lq;fs; kw;Wk;
gy;NtW mur kw;Wk; jdpahH epWtdq;fspdhy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l
gy;NtW fy;tprhHe;j epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; ts Mszpapduhf
gzpahw;wpdH. NkYk;> mYtyHfs; kj;jpa tq;fpf;F tUifjUk;
cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L tpUe;jpdHfSf;F kj;jpa tq;fpj;
njhopy; kw;Wk; Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; gw;wp
fhl;rpg;gLj;jYld; $ba tphpTiufisj; njhlHe;Jk; Mw;wpdH.
NkYk;> nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fs mYtyHfs; Rje;jpu
njhiyf;fhl;rp tiyaikg;gpdhy; caHju khztHfspw;fhf
elhj;jg;gl;l 'jf;rpyht" fy;tp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F ts
Mszpapduhfg; gzpahw;wpdH.
7.6 gd;dhl;L mikg;Gf;fSldhd njhlHGfis tYg;gLj;jy;
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; ,yq;ifapd; cwTfis
gd;dhl;L ehza epjpak;> njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa tq;fpfspd;
epiyak;> rpnad;]h FOkk; kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fp MSeHfs; kw;Wk;
epjpr; nrayhsHfspd; rhHf; epjpak; vd;gtw;Wld; xUq;fpizj;j
mNjNtis cyftq;fp Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp kw;Wk; Vida
gy;Gil kw;Wk; ,UGil KftHfSld; xUq;fpizg;gjw;F epjp
kw;Wk; jpl;lkply; mikr;rpw;F cjtpaJ. kj;jpa tq;fpapidg;
- 2013
gFjp II
gpujp epjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; fw;if FOtpy; cs;s nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; cs;s %j;j mYtyHfs; Fwpg;gpl;l
ehLfs;> gpuhe;jpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nghJthd tplaq;fspyhd
Ma;Tf; FOf;fspy; nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
%j;j mYtyHfs; kj;jpa tq;fpiag; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpdH.
NkYk; nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; mYtyHfs;
gd;dhl;Lf; $l;lq;fs;> muq;Ffs; kw;Wk; khehLfspy; nfhs;if
ciuahly;fspy; fye;J nfhs;tjd; %yk; kj;jpa tq;fpapidg;
gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;jdH. mYtyHfs; r%fkspj;j mj;jifa rpy
$l;lq;fs; kw;Wk; khehLfshtd: njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa tq;fp
MSeHfs; rigf; $l;lq;fs;> njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa tq;fpfs; rpk;yh khehL> rhHf; epjpa MSeHfspd; khehL> rhHf; kj;jpa tq;fp
%j;j nghUspayhsHfspd; $l;lk;> rhHf; epjpar; nrayhsHfs;
kw;Wk; mikr;rHfspd; $l;lk;> rhHf; epjpa xUq;fpizg;ghsHfspd;
$l;lk;> rhHf; nghJg;gLfld; KfhikahsHfspd; muq;fk; kw;Wk;
njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa tq;fpfs; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; gapw;rpg;
gzpg;ghsHfspd; $l;lk;.
gd;dhl;L ehza epjpak;> cyf tq;fp> gd;dhl;L KjyPl;lhsHfs;>
jukply; KftHfs; kw;Wk; MNyhrfHfs;> ntspehl;Lj; J}jHfs;
kw;Wk; Vida MHtyHfSf;fhd nghUshjhu ,w;iwg;gLj;jypd;
Vw;ghLfs; nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; fpukkhd
mbg;gilapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mNjNtis> nghUshjhu
Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; gd;dhl;L KftHfs; gd;dhl;L ehza
epjpaj; jsj;jpypUe;J xg;gplf; $ba jfty;fisg; ngWtij
trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 2014,y; nghJthd gd;dhl;L ehza
epjpaj;jpd; juTg; gug;gy; KiwfspypUe;J tpNrl juTg;
gug;gy; epakq;fspw;F khWtjw;fhd Ntiyfis Muk;gpj;jJ.
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; 2013,y; ehl;bw;fhd
jukpliy caHj;Jtjw;fhf %d;W gd;dhl;L ehl;bw;fhd jukply;
KftHfshd gpl;]; Nwbq;> ];lhd;l; md;l; GtH Nwl;bq;];
kw;Wk; %b]; Nwl;wpq; vd;gtw;Wld; neUf;fkhfg; gzpahw;wpaJ.
NkYk;> nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; 2014 rdthpapy;
ntw;wpfukhf KbTWj;jg;gl;l MwhtJ ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwp
toq;fypw;fhd midj;Jf; nfhs;if njhlHghd tprhuizfis
nghWg;Ngw;Wf;
nfhz;lJld;
midj;J
Mtzg;gLj;jy;
cjtpfisAk; nghUshjhu ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;fisAk; toq;fpaJ.
NkYk;> nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fsk; 'gd;dhl;L
ehza epjpa mftpjp IV" FO> 'Jizepy; xOq;FgLj;jy;fs;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;
gpd;ida
kjpg;gPl;Lf;
FO"
kw;Wk;
'epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpw;F (Jizepy; xOq;FgLj;jy;fs;) gpd;ida
fz;fhzpg;G FO" vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa gy;NtW gd;dhl;L
KftHfspd; gpujpepjpfspd; tUiffis trjpg;gLj;jpaJ.

8.2 eltbf;iffspd; nrayhw;wk;
m) cWg;Ghpik> cWg;gpdh; epYitfs; kw;Wk; kPsspg;Gf;fs;
2013 ,Wjpapy; cWg;gpdh; fzf;Ffspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 15.0
kpy;ypaid mile;jJ. ,J> 2012Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;l 14.6 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; 2.7 rjtPjk; nfhz;lnjhU
mjpfhpg;ghff; fhzg;gl;lJ. gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk; cWg;gpdh;fspd;
vz;zpf;if 2012 ,Wjpapd; 2.3 kpy;ypadpypUe;J 2013 ,Wjpapy; 2.4
kpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jJ (ml;ltiz II - 4).
ml;ltiz II-4
epjpaj;jpd; njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l Kf;fpa

Fwpfhl;bfs;
tplak;
2012
cWg;gpdH fzf;Ffspd; nkhj;j

vz;zpf;if (kpy;)
gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk; cWg;gpdH
fzf;Ffs; (kpy;)
gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;jhj cWg;gpdH
fzf;Ffs; (kpy;)
15.0
2.7
2.3
2.4
4.3
12.3
12.6
2.4
68,140
70,392
3.3
70.2
80.5
14.7
48.7
50.2
3.1
115,654
114,103
(1.3)
111.8
125.6
12.3
1,124.5
1,281.9
14.0
1,144.4
1,300.0
13.6
Njwpa tUkhdk; (&.gpy;.)

cWg;gpdHfSf;;fhd nkhj;j
nghWg;G (&.gpy;.)
epjpapd; nkhj;jg; ngWkjp
(&.gpy;.)
khw;wk;
(%)
14.6
gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk;
njhopy;jUeH
nkhj;jg; gq;fspg;Gf;fs; (&.gpy;.)
nkhj;j kPsspg;Gf;fs; (&.gpy;.)
kPsspg;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if
2013(m)
(m) jw;fhypfkhdit
%yk;: CNrep jpizf;fsk;>

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
muRrhh;
kw;Wk;
jdpahh;Jiw
Copah;fSf;F
Xa;T+jpa
ed;ikfis toq;Fk; nghUl;L ,yq;ifapd; kpfg;nghpa Xa;T+jpa
epjpakhd Copah; Nrk epjpak; 1958Mk; Mz;bd; 15Mk; ,yf;f
Copah; Nrk epjpar; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; epWtg;gl;lJ. rl;lj;jpd;
Vw;ghl;L epjpaq;fSf;fpzq;f> epjpaj;jpd; midj;J epHthf
mjpfhuq;fSk; nraw;ghLfSk; njhopy; MizahsH ehafj;jplk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mNjNtisapy; epjpa Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd;
mjpfhuq;fs;> flikfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fs; vd;gd epjpaj;jpd;
fl;Lf;fhg;ghsH vd;w Kiwapy; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
ehzar;
rigaplk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
ehzar;rig
mjd; njhopw;ghl;bid Mw;Wtjpy; xU njhopw;ghl;L rf;jpahf
njhopw;gLtjw;fhf Copah; Nrk epjpaj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F
mjpfhuq;fis toq;fpAs;sJ.
epjpaj;jpd; nkhj;jg; ngWkjpahdJ 2012 ,Wjpapd; &.1>144.4

gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; 2013 ,Wjpapy; &.1>300 gpy;ypadhf
tpsq;fpaJ. ,J 13.6 rjtPjk; nfhz;lnjhU mjpfhpg;ghFk;.
,t;tjpfhpg;gpw;F> cWg;gpdh;fspd; Njwpa gq;fspg;gpd; (kPsspg;Gf;
nfhLg;gdTfisf; fopj;j gq;fspg;Gf;fs;) tsHr;rpAk; epjpaj;jpd;
fhj;jpukhdJk; Kd;kjpAilaJkhd Kfhikj;Jt%lhf tUkhdk;
caHj;jg;gl;likNa fhuzkhFk;. cWg;gpdHfspd; tl;b cl;gl
cWg;gpdh;fSf;fhd nkhj;jg; nghWg;G 2013 ,Wjpapy; &.1>281.9
gpy;ypad;fshf
tpsq;fpaJld;>
2012
,Wjpapd;
&.1>124.5
gpy;ypad;fspypUe;J 14 rjtPjk; nfhz;l mjpfhpg;gpidg;
gjpT nra;jJ (ml;ltiz II-4). Njwpa gq;fspg;G Kd;ida
Mz;bd; &.21.5 gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; &.30.3 gpy;ypaDf;F
mjpfhpj;jJ.
cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk;
mth;fsJ
rl;lhPjpahd
thhpRfSf;Fk; nra;ag;gl;l kPsspg;Gf;fspd; nkhj;jj; njhif
2013,y; &.50.2 gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,J 2012,idtpl
3.1 rjtPjk; nfhz;lnjhU mjpfhpg;ghFk;. 2013,w;fhd epjpaj;jpd;
Njwpa tUkhdk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; Njwpa tUkhdkhd &.111.8
gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; &.125.6 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;J 12.3
rjtPjk; nfhz;l tsHr;rpiag; gjpT nra;jJ.
8.1 jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs;
M) epjpaq;fspd; KjyPLk; tUkhdKk;
Copah; Nrk epjpaj; jpizf;fsj;jplk; cWg;gpdh; gq;fspg;Gf;fisAk;

Nkyjpff; fl;lzq;fisAk; Nrfhpj;jy;> cWg;gpdh; fzf;Ffisg;
NgZjy;> cWg;gpdh; fzf;FfSf;F tl;bia tuT itj;jy;>
epjpaj;jpd; gadhspfSf;F ed;ikfisf; nfhLg;gdT nra;jy;>
kpifahd epjpaq;fis KjyPL nra;jy;> ehzar;rigAk;
njhopy; MizahsUk; jkJ flikfisAk; njhopw;ghLfisAk;
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Ntisapy; Vw;gLk; nrytpdq;fis tpjpj;jy;
Mfpa nghWg;Gf;fs; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Copah; Nrk
epjpaj;
jpizf;fsk;>
ehzar;rigapd;
xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;l
nfhs;iffspd;gb 2012Mk; Mz;Lg;gFjpapy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;bUg;gJld; njhopy; MizahsUld;
neUq;fpa tpjj;jpy; xj;Jioj;jJ.
(i) KjyPl;Lr; nrhj;Jg;gl;bay;:
8. CopaH Nrk epjpak;
gFjp II - 77
epjpaj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPl;Lr; nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; (Vl;Lg;ngWkjp)

2012,d; &.1>105.5 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2013,y; &.1>257.3
gpy;ypaDf;F 13.7 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jJ (ml;ltiz II-5).
epjpaj;jpd; KjyPl;Lf; nfhs;ifahdJ cWg;gpdh;fSf;F
ePz;lfhy Neh;f;fzpa cz;ik tUkhdj;jpid toq;FtJ
njhlh;gpy; njhlh;e;Jk; ftdk; nrYj;jpaNtisapy; epjpaj;jpd;
ghJfhg;G cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; kPsspg;Gf; nfhLg;gdTfs;
kw;Wk; epjpaj;jpd; Vida nryTfisg; G+h;j;jp nra;Ak;
tpjj;jpy; NghJkhd kl;lj;jpy; jputj;jd;ik Ngzg;gl;lJ.
KjyPl;Lr;
nrhj;Jg;gl;bay;
92.5
rjtPjkhd
mur
- 2013
gFjp II

gpizaq;fisAk; 5.8 rjtPjkhd chpik %yjdj;jpidAk;
1.2 rjtPjkhd fk;gdp gLfld; kw;Wk; ek;gpf;ifr;
rhd;wpjo;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.
kPjpahd
0.5
rjtPjKk; ehshe;jj; jputj; jd;ik Njitg;ghLfis
NgZtjw;fhf Neh;khw;W kPs; nfhs;tdT Nghd;w cah;
jputr; nrhj;Jf;fspy; KjyPL nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ. tpisT
tPjj;Jld; NrHj;J mur gpizaq;fs; nrhj;Jg;gl;baypd;
KjpHr;rpj; Njhw;wg;ghL ml;ltiz II-6 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
ml;ltiz II-5
KjyPl;Lr; nrhj;Jg;gl;bay;
KjyPl;bd; tif
jpiwNrhp Kwpfs;>
cz;bay;fs;
murpw;fhd &ghf; fld;fs;
fk;gdpg; gLfld;fs;
chpik %yjdk;
NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdTfs;
nkhj;jk;
(m) jw;fhypfkhdit
ml;ltiz II-6
2013(m)
njhif
&. gpy;
gq;F
()
njhif
&. gpy;
gq;F
()
1,012.1
91.5
1,140.5
90.7
23.1
8.0
59.2
3.1
1,105.5
2.1
0.7
5.4
0.3
100.0
23.1
14.3
72.8
6.6
1,257.3
1.8
1.2
5.8
0.5
100

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
mur gpizaq;fs; nrhj;Jg;gl;baypd; KjpHr;rpj;

Njhw;wg;ghL (2013 ,WjpapYs;sthW) (m)
KjpHr;rpf; fhyk;
1
1
3
5
2012
Mz;Lf;Ff; Fiwe;jJ
- 2 Mz;Lfs;
- 4 Mz;Lfs;
Mz;LfSf;Fk; $baJ
nkhj;jk;
(m) jw;fhypfkhdit
KjpHr;rpapy;
ngWkjpj;
njhif
&. gpy;
gq;F
(%)
epiwNaw;wg;
gl;l
ruhrhp tpisT
(%)
139.5
195.7
216.2
842.0
10.0
14.1
15.5
60.4
9.79
9.84
10.75
11.92
1,393.4
100.0
11.23

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
(ii) KjyPl;L tUkhdk;:

2013,y; epjpak; cioj;j nkhj;j tUkhdk; &.136.7
gpy;ypadhf tpsq;fp Kd;ida Mz;Lld; xg;gpLifapy; 12.6
rjtPjq;nfhz;l mjpfhpg;gpidg; gjpT nra;jJ (ml;ltiz
II-7). tl;b tUkhdk; epjpaj;jpw;fhd tUkhdj;jpd; Kf;fpa
%ykhf (tUkhdj;jpd; 76.9 rjtPjk;) fhzg;gl;lJ. tl;b
tUkhdk; 2012,d; &.90.9 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2013,y;
&.105.0 gpy;ypaDf;F 15.5 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jJ.
NkYk;> %yjd ,yhgk; kw;Wk; gq;fpyhgk; vd;gdtw;iw
cs;slf;fpa chpik %yjdr;; nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; 2012,y;
cioj;j &.3>016 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; 2013,y;
&.3>339 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l tUkhdj;jpid cUthf;fp
10.7 rjtPjk; nfhz;l mjpfhpg;gpid vLj;Jf;fhl;baJ.
vdpDk;> 2013,y; foptplg;gl;l jpiwNrhp KwpfspypUe;jhd
fld; gjptopg;G ,yhgk; 2012,d; &.27.8 gpy;ypadpypUe;J
&.26.9 gpy;ypaDf;F 3.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwtile;jJ
(ml;ltiz II-7).
gFjp II - 78
ml;ltiz II-7
KjyPL kPjhd tUkhdk;

2013 (m)
2012
tUkhdj;jpd; %yk;
tl;b
fld; jPHg;gdT ,yhgk;
mur gpizaq;fspypUe;jhd
%yjd ,yhgk;
re;ijg;gbahd ,yhg
,og;Gf;fs;
gq;FfspypUe;jhd %yjd
,yhgk;
gq;F ,yhgq;fs;
fl;Lg;gzk; - <LkPl;fg;gLk;
NghJ foptply;
Vidait
njhif
&. kpy;
90,904
27,792
gq;F njhif
(%)
&. kpy;
74.9 105,038
22.9 26,956
34
(m) jw;fhypfkhdit
1,019
0.7
(388)
(0.3)
(45)
..
1,020
1,996
0.8
1.6
113
3,226
0.1
2.4
55
0.1
(4)
354
0.2
100.0 136,657
100.0
121,413
nkhj;jk;
gq;F
(%)
76.9
19.7

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
(iii) nrytpdk;:

2013,y; epjpaj;jpd; nkhj;jj; njhopw;ghl;L nrytpdk; 2012,d;
&.948 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; &.979 kpy;ypadhf tpsq;fp
3.3 rjtPj mjpfhpg;gpidf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJk; 2013,y; nkhj;j
tUkhdj;jpd; tpfpjk; 2012,d; 0.78 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy;
0.72 rjtPjkhfg; Ngzg;gl;lJ. (ml;ltiz II-8). fle;j
Mz;Lfspy; epjpakhdJ mjd; njhopw;ghl;Lr; nrytpdj;jpid
nkhj;j tUkhdj;jpy; 1 rjtPjj;jpw;Ff; FiwthdnjhU mstpy;
NgzpaJ.
ml;ltiz II-8
njhopw;ghl;Lr; nrytpdq;fs;
tplak;
Mszpr; nrytpdq;fs;
epHthfr; nrytpdq;fs;
Vida nrytpdq;fs;
nkhj;jk;
nkhj;j tUkhdj;jpd; %
Mf nkhj;jr; nrytpdq;fs;
(m) jw;fhypfkhdit
njhif (&.kpy;.)
2012
2013(m)
514
569
397
364
37
46
948
979
0.78
khw;wk;
(%)
0.72
10.6
(8.3)
24.3
3.3
-

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
,) cWg;gpdh; epYitfs; kPjhd tl;bf; nfhLg;gdT

2013Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; cWg;gpdh;fSf;fhd tl;bf;
nfhLg;gdthf gfph;e;jspg;gjw;F fpilf;fj;jf;fjhf ,Ue;j
njhif 2012,d;
&.110.1 gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; &.123.4
gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ (ml;ltiz II-9). xJf;fq;fSf;F
&.3.7 gpy;ypad; khw;wy; nra;ag;gl;l gpd;dh; epjpakhdJ 2013,y;
cWg;gpdh; epYitfspd; kPJ 11.0 rjtPjq;nfhz;l tl;bia
nrYj;jf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ (ml;ltiz II-10).
- 2013
gFjp II
ml;ltiz II-9 cWg;gpdh;fSf;fhd tl;bf; nfhLg;gdT

njhif (&.kpy;.)
2012
2013(m)
tplak;
nkhj;j tUkhdk;
nkhj;j njhopw;ghl;Lr; nrytpdq;fs;
tUkhd thp
Mz;Lf;fhd Njwpa tUkhdk;
eilKiw kPsspg;Gf;fs; kPJ
nrYj;jg;gl;l tl;b
gfpHe;jspg;Gf;fhf
fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;s Njwpa
tUkhdk; (eilKiw kPsspg;Gf;fs;
kPjhd tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTf;Fg; gpd;)
121,413 136,657
(948)
(979)
(8,637) (10,069)
111,828 125,610
(2,098)
gpbj;Jitj;j Njwpa tUkhdj;jpd;

nrYj;jg;gl;l tl;b
(%)
12.6
3.3
16.6
12.3
110,099 123,433
5,700
12.1
3,700
(35.1)
115,799 127,133
9.8
(115,771) (126,992)
9.7
Kd; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l kPjp

28
141
403.6
cWg;gpdH epYitfs; kPJ
nrYj;jg;gl;l tl;b %
11.5
11.0
(m) jw;fhypfkhdit
%yk;: CNrep jpizf;fsk;> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
ml;ltiz II-10
Mz;L
cWg;gpdH epYitfs; kPJ

nrYj;jg;gl;l tl;b tPjk;
toq;fg;gl;l tl;btPjk; (%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 (m)
12.10
12.00
9.50
9.00
10.10
11.20
13.20
13.75
12.50
11.50
11.50
11.00
(m) jw;fhypfkhdit

gaDW tl;btPjk; (%)
12.26
12.07
9.59
9.13
10.30
11.40
13.44
13.92
12.65
11.58
11.62
11.14
%yk;: CNrep jpizf;fsk;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
8.3 cWg;gpdh; gzpfs;

m) cWg;gpdh; fzf;Ff; $w;Wf;fs;

2013Mk; Mz;bd; Kjyiug; gFjpf;fhd cWg;gpdh; fzf;Ff;
$w;Wf;fs; mtHfspd; njhopyj
; UeHf@lhf
toq;Fk; gzp 2013
jpnrk;ghpy; njhlq;fpaJ. 2013,d; gpd;diug;gFjpf;fhd fzf;Ff;
$w;Wf;fis 2014 Nk ,Wjpastpy; toq;Ftjw;Fk; xOq;Ffs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
M) tPlikg;Gf; fld; trjp
tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp epjpf; $l;Lj;jhgd tq;fp> mur <l;L
KjyPl;L tq;fp> Njrpa tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig>
,yq;if tq;fp> kf;fs; tq;fp kw;Wk; $l;LwT fpuhkpa tq;fpfs;
Mfpa gq;Nfw;Fk; fld; toq;Fk; epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J tPlikg;Gf;
fld;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cWg;gpdh;fSf;F trjpaspf;Fk;
Fwpf;NfhSld; 1998,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tPlikg;Gf; fld;
jpl;lk; 2013,Yk; njhlh;e;jJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Copah; Nrk
epjpak; mth;fsJ Copah; Nrk epjpa epYitfSf;nfjpuhf
gFjp II - 79
ml;ltiz II-11
tPlikg;Gf; fld; trjp
6.4
Mz;L
xJf;Ffspy; ,Ue;J/(,w;F) khw;wy;fs;

xJf;FfspypUe;J(,w;F)khw;wy;fSf;Fg;
gpd; gfpHe;jspg;Gf;fhff; fpilf;fj;jf;f
jhfTs;s Njwpa tUkhdk;
(2,233)
khw;wk;
cWg;gpdh;fSf;F
cj;juthjr;
rhd;wpjo;fis
njhlh;e;Jk;
toq;fpaJ. ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; &.6>914 kpy;ypad; njhif
nfhz;l tPlikg;Gf; fld;fspd; xg;GjYf;fhf gq;Nfw;Fk;
nfhLfld;
epWtdq;fSf;F
16>268
cWg;gpdh;
epYitr;
rhd;wpjo;fis toq;fpaJ (ml;ltiz II-11). NkYk; 2012Mz;Lg;
gFjpapy; epYitapypUe;j fld;fisj; jPh;g;gdT nra;tjw;fhf
2013,y; njhlh;ghd cWg;gpdh; fzf;FfspypUe;J Vwj;jho
&.2>178 kpy;ypad;fs; fopf;fg;gl;L gq;Nfw;Fk; fld; toq;fy;
epWtdq;fSf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ld.
toq;fg;gl;l xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;l
fld; toq;fy;
rhd;wpjo;fs; nfhLfld; &.kpy;
epWtdq;fSf;F
(vz;zpf;if)
nrYj;jpa njhif
(&.kpy;)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
12,938
16,066
19,502
18,689
14,307
14,600
15,136
12,969
12,519
10,383
13,848
20,041
1,648
2,091
2,673
2,792
2,452
2,766
3,049
2,872
3,008
2,680
4,512
6,355
262
381
541
670
735
900
1,078
1,240
1,192
1,552
2,093
1,896
2012
2013 (m)
11,234
16.268
3,973
6,914
2,019
2,178
nkhj;jk;
208,500
47,785
16,737
(m) jw;fhypfkhdit
%yk;: CNrep jpizf;fsk;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
,) nghJkf;fs; tpopg;Gzh;T
tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; ,-Clfk; njhlHghd
elkhLk; Nritfis elj;Jjy;> gjpT nra;jy; kw;Wk;
cWg;gpdHfSld; njhlHghd Vida gzpfs; vd;gd 2013,y;
jpizf;fsj;jpd;
gzpfshff;
fhzg;gl;ld.
cWg;gpdHfs;>
CopaHfs;> njhopy; re;ijf;Fs; EioNthH> njhopy; mYtyHfs;>
fpuhkpa tq;fp mYtyHfs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; Nghd;w
MHtyHfspd; gy;NtW tifg;gl;ltHfis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L
xd;gJ tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; elkhLk; gzpfSk;
elj;jg;gl;ld. ,t;tidj;J tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk;
ngUksT vz;zpf;if jsj;jpidf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fis
cs;slf;Ftjw;fhf elj;jg;gl;ld.
elkhLk; Nritfs; kh]; ,d;bNkl;]; - JWsp> khefurig rpwpn[atHj;jdGu Nfhl;il> Njrj;jpd; kFlk; nghUl;fhl;rpr;rhiy
- mk;ghiw kUj;Jt rdr%f tpUe;Njhk;gy; jpdk; - nkhwl;Lit>
fpwp];ly; khHbd; (gpiwNtw;) ypkpnll; - fNynfju> Njrpa
kdpjtsg; gzpfs; toq;FNthH nghUl;fhl;rp - nfhOk;G>
eKdFy gpshd;Nlrd; gpvy;rp - Cth gphpT griw> yq;fh ily;];
- ghJf;if> ladhFNwh (gpiwNtw;) ypkpnll; - gj;jpuKy;iy
Mfpa ,lq;fspy; elj;jg;gl;ld.
,e;elkhLk; gzpfspd; gy;NtW gzpfis toq;Ftjw;fhf
njhopy; jpizf;fsk;> Ml;gjpTj; jpizf;fsk;> gjpthsh; ehafj;
jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; nghyp]; jpizf;fsk; Nghd;w kw;iwa
njhlh;ghd mikg;Gf;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gk; cjtpAk; ngwg;gl;ld.
,jd;gb> elkhLk; gzpfspD}lhf gpd;tUk; gzpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld.

i. cWg;gpdh;fSf;F Copah; Nrk epjpa epYitf; $w;Wf;fis
toq;Fjy;
ii. cWg;gpdh;fspd; fzf;Ffisj; jpUj;Jjy;
iii. cWg;gpdh;fis kPsg; gjpT nra;jy;
- 2013
gFjp II
iv. FWQ;nra;jp kw;Wk; ,izaj;jsk; Nghd;w fzdp top
cldb trjpfSf;fhf cWg;gpdh; gjpTfis Cf;Ftpj;jy;
v. cWg;gpdh;fSf;F MNyhridfis toq;Fjy;.
vi. Ml;gjpTj; jpizf;fs mYtyh;fspdhy; Copah; Nrk epjpa
cWg;gpdh;fs; Njrpa milahs ml;ilapid ngWtjw;fhd
tpz;zg;gq;fis toq;Fjy;
vii.
gjpthsh; ehafj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; gpwg;Gr; rhd;wpjo;/
taJ Cfr; rhd;wpjo;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Copah;
Nrk epjpa cWg;gpdh;fSf;F tpz;zg;gq;fis toq;Fjy;
NkYk;> nghJkf;fs; njhlHG tprhuizg;gPlk; kw;Wk; C.Nr.
epjpa
cjtpg;gPlk;
vd;gdTk;
njhiyNgrpfspD}lhfTk;
jdpj;jdpahfTk;
C.Nr.
epjpa
eilKiwfs;
njhlHgpy;
cWg;gpdHfSf;F mwpT+l;Ltjpy; <Lgl;bUe;jd. 2013Mk; Mz;Lg;
gFjpapy; nghJkf;fs; njhlHG kw;Wk; tprhuizg;gPlq;fSk;
cjtpg;gPlq;fSk; 222>498 cWg;gpdHfspd; tprhuizfSf;F
gjpypWj;jpd. ,jpy; 118>380 cWg;gpdHfSf;F gPlq;fspNyNa
gzpfs; toq;fg;gl;lJld; 76>916 njhiyNgrp tprhuizfSf;Fk;
gjpypWj;jg;gl;lJ. 16>057 kpd;dQ;ry;fSf;Fk; 10>185 fbjq;fSf;Fk;
960 njhiyefy;fSf;Fk; gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ.
<) C.Nr. epjpaf; nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhd ,-$w;W Kiwik
iffspdhy; nra;ag;gLk; nfhLg;gdT KiwikfSf;F ( rp kw;Wk;
rp3) gjpyhf cWg;gpdH gq;fspg;G tpguq;fis ,yj;jpudpay;
Kiwapy;
(,-$w;W)
rkHg;gpg;gjw;F
njhopy;jUeHfis
Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf ,-$w;W Kiwikfs; njhlHgpy; C.Nr. epjpaj;
jpizf;fsk; gy;NtW Kaw;rpfis gbg;gbahf Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
cWg;gpdHfSf;Fr; rpwe;j gzpfis toq;Fk; nghUl;L nkhj;jkhf
gj;jpuq;fsw;w
jPHnthd;whd
,-$w;Wf;fisr;
rkHg;gpg;gJ
nrytpidAk;
jhkjq;fisAk;
Fiwj;J
njhopw;ghl;bd;
tpidj;jpwid mjpfhpf;Fk;. NkYk;> gq;fspg;Gf;fspd; tpguq;fSld;
NrHj;J C.Nr. epjpa gq;fspg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd fzdp
top cldb Kiwikapd; fpilg;gdthdJ tpahghuj;jpidr;
nra;Aq;fs; Rl;nlz;zpd; fPohd ,yf;fpliy va;Jtjw;F
Kw;Njitg;ghlhd xd;whFk;. ,J ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsHfis
ehl;bw;Fs; ftHtjw;F kpf ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

,.-$w;W Kiwik 2012 ,Wjptiu RatpUg;G mbg;gilapy;
njhopw;gl;L te;jJ. 2012,y; ,k;Kiwikapid njhopy;jUeHfSf;F
fl;lhakhf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; 2012Mk; Mz;bd; 2Mk; ,yf;f
rl;lj;jpw;fhd jpUj;jnkhd;whf C.Nr.epjpa rl;lj;jpw;F rl;l
Vw;ghLfs; $l;bizf;fg;gl;ld. jpUj;jq;fs; kPjhd xOq;Ftpjpfs;
2013 Nkapy; tHj;jkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
NkYk;> C.Nr. epjpak;> ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Nrfhpf;Fk;
KftHfshf chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfis epakpg;gjd;
%yk; mtw;wpd; Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s eltbf;iffis
vLj;jJ. ,jw;fika> nfhkH~y; ghq;f; xt; rpNyhd; gpvy;rpAk;
,yq;if tq;fpAk; KiwNa 2011 xj;NjhghpypUe;Jk; 2012
nrj;njk;ghpypUe;Jk;
eilKiwf;FtUk;
tpjj;jpy;
jkJ
thbf;ifahsHfSF;F ,yj;jpudpay; nfhLg;gdT trjpfis
mwpKfg;gLj;jpd. 2013,y; kf;fs; tq;fp> rk;gj; tq;fp gpvy;rp
kw;Wk; ml;ld; e~dy; tq;fp gpvy;rp vd;gd jkJ Kiwikfis
mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJld; C.Nr. epjpaj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspf;fpd;w
njhopy;jUeHfis
mtw;wpd;
thbf;ifahsHfshff;
nfhz;ltHfSf;F ngWkjp$l;lg;gl;l gzpfis toq;Ftjw;fhf
C.Nr. epjpaj; jpizf;fsj;Jld; Nrfhpg;G KftHfshf ,ize;J
nfhz;ld. vdNt> kw;iwa gy tHj;jf tq;fpfSk; $l ,Nj
gzpfisj; jkJ thbf;ifahsHfSf;Fk; toq;Ftjw;fhf>
Njitahd jfty; njhopy;El;gg; gzpfis toq;Ftjw;fhd
nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wd. 2013 ,Wjpapy; 1>868
njhopy;jUeHfs; cWg;gpdHfspd; gq;fspg;G tpguq;fisAk;
nfhLg;gdTfisAk; fzdp topA+lhf cldbahf mDg;Gtjw;fhf
gjpT nra;jpUf;fpd;wdH. nkhj;j 2.4 kpy;ypad; nraw;gLk;
cWg;gpdHfspy; jw;nghOJ 40 rjtPjj;jpdiu cs;slf;fpAs;s
,t;trjpahdJ
cWg;gpdH
fzf;Ffis
cldbahfTk;
Jy;ypakhfTk; ,w;iwg;gLj;Jtjw;F C.Nr. epjpaj;jpid ,ayr;
nra;
fpwJ.

NkYk;> njhopy;jUeHfs; khjhe;j gq;fspg;Gf;fis mtHfspd;
tq;fpapypUe;J Neubahf C.Nr.epjpaj;jpd; tq;fpf; fzf;fpw;F
khw;wy; nra;tjw;F ,ayr; nra;j Ntisapy; gq;fspg;G tpguq;fis
kpd;dQ;rY}lhf Neubahf C.Nr.epjpaj;jpw;F mDg;GtjidAk;
,ayr; nra;jJ.
gFjp II - 80

2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; njhopy; jpizf;fsk; CopaHfSf;Fk;
mYtyHfSf;Fk; ,-$w;W Kiwik gw;wp C.Nr. epjpaj;
jpizf;fsk; 19 tpopg;GzHT gpur;rhu epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis
elj;jpaJ. ,jd; tpisthf> KiwikfSld; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l
cWg;gpdHfspd; vz;zpf;if 2012,y; 1>385 ,ypUe;J 2013
,Wjpapy; 1>868 ,w;F mjpfhpj;jJ.
c) Copah; Nrkepjpa cWg;gpdh;fspd; kPs;gjpT
Copah; Nrk epjpa cWg;gpdh;fSf;F tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f
gzpapid toq;Fk; Nehf;Fld; mtHfspd; ngahpid mtHfsJ
Njrpa milahs ml;ilapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wthW kPs;gjpT nra;J
nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; Njrpa milahs ml;il ,yf;fj;jpid
jdpj;Jt milahs ,yf;fkhf mtHfSf;F toq;Ftjw;fhfTk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;LtUk; C.Nr. epjpa cWg;gpdHfspd; kPs;gjpT>
C.Nr. epjpaj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhYk; njhopy; jpizf;fsj;jpdhYk;
$l;lhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;LtUk; rpwg;Gr; nraw;wpl;lkhFk;. ,J>
,uz;L epWtdq;fSk; nghJthd cWg;gpdH ikaj; juTj;
jsj;jpidg; gad;gLj;Jtjid ,ayr; nra;Ak;.
2013 ,Wjpapy; Vwj;jho 1.4 kpy;ypad; nraw;gLk; C.Nr. epjpa
cWg;gpdHfspd; (gq;fspf;Fk; cWg;gpdH) Njrpa milahs ml;il
tpguq;fs; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;ld. ,jpy; 79 rjtPjkhd cWg;gpdH
fzf;FfSf;F (1.1 kpy;ypad; fzf;Ffs;) jdpj;Jtkhd milahs
ml;il ,yf;fq;fs; toq;fg;gl;l Ntisapy; kPjp cWg;gpdHfs;
njhlHgpy;
Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l
jfty;fSf;Fk;
Vw;fdNtapUe;j
jfty;fSf;Fkpilapy; NtWghLfs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;likapd;
fhuzkhf mtHfspd; njhopy;jUeHfsplkpUe;J rhpghHg;Gf;fs;
ngwg;gl;lTld; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
Gjpjhf ,ize;j C.Nr.epjpa mq;fj;jtHfis mNjNeu
mbg;gilapy; Njrpa milahs ml;il tpguq;fspd; fPo; gjpT
nra;tJ 2010 etk;ghpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb> xt;nthU
khjKk; Gjpjhf ,ize;J C.Nr.epjpaj;jpw;F gq;fspg;G toq;Fk;
cWg;gpdHfspd; Njrpa milahs ml;il tpguq;fs; khjhe;j
fz;fhzpg;G Kiwikapyplg;gl;ld. 2013,y;> 130>000 Gjpa
mq;fj;jtHfs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJld; Gjpa mq;fj;jtH gjpT
,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
nraw;gLk; cWg;gpdHfspd; Kd;ida cWg;gpdH fzf;Ffis
jdpj;Jt milahs ml;ilAld; ,izf;Fk; Ntiyfs; 2013Mk;
Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;
16>000 Kd;ida cWg;gpdH fzf;Ffs; jdpj;Jt milahs
ml;ilAld; ,izf;fg;gl;ld. ,t;trjpahdJ cWg;gpdHfs;
jkJ Njrpa milahs ml;il ,yf;fj;jpid toq;Ftjd; %yk;
,izaj;jsk; my;yJ FWe;jfty; nra;jpA+lhf mtHfsJ
gy;NtW
fzf;FfspdJk;
epYitfis
mZFtjidAk;
ghHitapLtjidAk; ,ayr; nra;jJ.
2013,y; C.Nr. epjpak;> nraw;glhj C.Nr. epjpa fzf;Ffisf;
nfhz;bUg;gtHfs; Njrpa milahs ml;il tpguq;fspd; fPo; kPsg;
gjpT nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf Gjpa gphpnthd;wpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
C) gpujpik ];fhd; nra;Ak; nraw;wpl;lk;
gpujpik ];fhd; nra;Ak; nraw;wpl;lk;> jw;NghJs;s fhfpjhjpfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l C.Nr. epjpa Kiwikfis Vwj;jho
fhfpjhjpfsw;wnjhU
Kiwikf;F
khw;wpaikg;gjd;
%yk;
cWg;gpdHfSf;Fk; Vida MHtyHfSf;Fk; tpidj;jpwd;
kpf;fJk; fhj;jpukhdJkhd gzpfis toq;Ffpd;w cgha
Fwpf;Nfhs;fspnyhd;iw miltjw;fhf njhlq;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
gpujpik ];fhd; nra;Ak; nraw;wpl;lk; fhfpjhjp Ntiyfisf;
ifahs;tJld; njhlHghd Neuk;> ,lg;gug;G> nryT kw;Wk; kdpj
tsq;fisf; Fiwg;gjd; %yk; jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;L
tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;lJ.
,r;nraw;wpl;lj;jpid
ehd;F
fl;lq;fspy;
Nkw;nfhs;s
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ:

(I) Vw;fdNtAs;s Mtzq;fis ,yj;jpudpay; tbtikg;gpw;F
khw;Wjy;

gpujpik ];fhd; nra;Ak; nraw;wpl;lj;jpw;fhd tpiyf;Nfhuy;>

gzp
toq;FnkhUtUf;F
toq;fg;gl;lJld;
xg;ge;j
cld;gbf;if 2013 A+iy 29Mk; ehs; ifnahg;gkplg;gl;lJ.
Neu ml;ltiz jpl;lj;jpd;gb jw;NghJs;s Kjd;ikf;
- 2013
gFjp II

Nfhit> gbtk; b (njhopy;jUeH gjpTg; gbtk;) kw;Wk;
kPs; gjpT nra;jy;> Mtzk; ];fhd; nra;jy; 2014 Xfj;jpy;
epiwtilAk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
(II) mNjNeuj;jpy; Mtzq;fis ];fhd; nra;jy;

Mtzq;fisg; ngWfpd;w ikaj;jpy; fhfpjhjp Mtzq;fs;

Ftptij xopg;gjw;fhf mk;ikaj;jpy; Mtzq;fis
];fhd; nra;Ak; Ntiyfs; 2014,d; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;by;
njhlq;fTs;sJ. 2013,y; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Njitg;ghLfis
G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;fhd nkd;nghUl;fis gof;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
Fwpg;gpl;l khjphpahd nkd;nghUs; Njitg;ghLfis tpUj;jp
nra;Ak; nrad;Kiwapy; jpizf;fsk; <Lgl;bUe;jJ.
(III) ,-gjpNtl;L miwapid epWTjy;

,-gjpNtl;L miwapid epWTtjw;fhd td;nghUisf;
nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd tpiyf;Nfhuy; 2013 entk;gH
12Mk; ehs; %lg;gl;lJld; njhopy;El;g kjpg;gPL ,g;nghOJ
,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. td;nghUl;fs; 2014,d;
Kjw; fhyhz;by; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;glTs;sJ.
(IV) Mtz Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikapid Vw;fdNtAs;s C.Nr.
epjpa fzdp KiwikAld; ,izj;jy;
,e;jf; fl;lkhdJ> NkNy tpghpf;fg;gl;l %d;W Kf;fpa
fl;lq;fSk; epiwtile;j gpd;dH jfty; njhopy;El;g
jpizf;fsj;jpd; xj;Jiog;Gld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
2014,y;
,r;nraw;wpl;lk;
ntw;wpfukhf
epiwtile;jJk;
Mtzq;fis rkfhyj;jpy; ngwf;$ba tpjj;jpy; gutyhf;Fjy;>
cWg;gpdH ikag;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Mtzq;fis tpidj;jpwd;
kpf;f tpjj;jpy; rPHnra;af;$ba kw;Wk; Nkk;gl;l nrad;Kiwfs;
Nghd;w ed;ikfs; jpizf;fsj;jpw;Ff; fpilf;Fk; Mtzq;fis
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itg;gjw;fhd thlifr; nryT kw;Wk;
Mtzq;fisf; ifahs;tJ njhlHghf Vw;gLk; mYtyH nryT
vd;gd xopf;fg;gLtjd; %ykhf Vw;gLk; nryTr; Nrkpg;G ed;ikfs;
C.Nr. epjpaj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F fpilf;Fk;.
9.
nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghL
1950,y; epWtg;gl;l nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;> 1953Mk;

Mz;bd; 24Mk; ,yf;f nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
mjw;F xg;gilf;fg;gl;l nghWg;Gf;fisj; njhlHe;Jk; Mw;wpaJ.
nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa njhopw;ghLfs;
mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfHfSf;fhd gzpg;Giufis tpLj;jy;>
mur tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy;fis tpLj;jy;> Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpf;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd;
kPJ
mDkjpfisAk;
chpkq;fisAk;
toq;Fjy;>
gy;NtWgl;l
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpf;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd;kPJ
fz;fhzpg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;> ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr;
rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfis kPWtJ njhlHgpyhd Gydha;Tfs;
vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf nghUshjhuj;jpd; eyd;fUjp ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; kPJ nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr;
rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; nfhs;iffis tbtikg;gjhf
,Uf;fpwJ. (2013,y; tpLf;fg;gl;l gzpg;Giufs; kw;Wk; mur
tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy;fspd; tpguq;fs; Mz;lwpf;ifapd; gFjp III
,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd).
fle;j mz;ikf; fhyj;jpidg; Nghd;Nw> 2013 ,Yk; midj;Jj;
njhopw;ghLfSk; KjyPl;lhsH ek;gpf;ifapid caHj;Jfpd;wJk;
ntspehl;L
xJf;Ffisg;
gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJk;
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpr; re;ijapy; cWjpg;ghl;bidj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJkhd
cyfshtpa tpahghu eltbf;iffspy; ,yq;ifapd; Nghl;bj;jd;ik
kpf;f mE$yq;fis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jw;Nghija Nguz;lg;
nghUshjhuf; nfhs;if epiyAld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy;
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpf;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis
NkYk;
jsHj;Jtjd; kPJ ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;jpapUe;jd.
9.1 gzpg;Giufis tpLj;jy;
2013,y; nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; fPNo njhFj;Jj;
jug;gl;Ls;sthW mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfHfSf;F ,Ugj;J%d;W
Gjpa gzpg;Giufis tpLj;jJ.
(m) ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ciog;NghH fzf;F: ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpapid
ciog;gthpd;
ngahpy;
VNjDnkhU
gFjp II - 81
ntspehl;L ehzaj;jpy; eilKiw> Nrkpg;G my;yJ jtiz

itg;Gf;fs; tbtpy; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ciog;NghH
fzf;fpidj; jpwf;f mDkjpj;jy;.
(M) ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapd; Kd;Ndhf;fpa tpw;gidfSk;
nfhs;tdTfSk;: ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapd; tpw;gid
mj;Jld;
my;yJ
nfhs;tdT
njhlHgpy;
fhyf;
fl;Lg;ghLfs; ePf;fg;gl;L Gjpa epajpfSk; epge;jidfSk;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;ld.
(,) tjptw;NwhH ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;F: tjptw;NwhH
ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;fpw;F mNj fzf;F itj;jpUg;gthpd;
gpizaq;fs; KjyPl;Lf; fzf;fpypUe;J epjpaq;fis khw;wy;
nra;tjd; %yk; tuT itg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(<) rpwg;G ntspehl;L KjyPl;L itg;Gf; fzf;F: rpwg;G ntspehl;L
KjyPl;L itg;Gf; fzf;fpw;F mNj fzf;F itj;jpUg;gthpd;
gpizaq;fs; KjyPl;Lf; fzf;fpypUe;J epjpaq;fis khw;wy;
nra;tjd; %yk; tuT itg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(c) tjpAk; ,yq;ifauy;yhNjhH ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;Ffs;:
tjpAk; ,yq;ifauy;yhNjhH ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;fpw;F
mNj fzf;F itj;jpUg;gthpd; gpizaq;fs; KjyPl;Lf;
fzf;fpypUe;J epjpaq;fis khw;wy; nra;tjd; %yk; tuT
itg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(C)
tjptw;w>
,yq;ifauy;yhNjhH
ntspehl;L
ehzaf;
fzf;F: tjptw;w ,yq;ifauy;yhNjhH ntspehl;L ehzaf;
fzf;fpw;F mNj fzf;F itj;jpUg;gthpd; gpizaq;fs;
KjyPl;Lf; fzf;fpypUe;J epjpaq;fis khw;wy; nra;tjd;
%yk; tuT itg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(v) cs;Kf KjyPl;Lf; fzf;F: cs;Kf KjyPl;Lf; fzf;Ffspd;
kPJ Kd;dH tpLf;fg;gl;l gzpg;Giu ,uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Kd;dH nrhy;yg;gl;l gzpg;Giuapd; fPo; jpwf;fg;gl;l
fzf;Ffs; ,yq;if &gh fzf;Ffshfj; njhlHe;Jk;
njhopw;gl KbAnkd mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfHfSf;F
mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(V) ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ciog;NghH fzf;F: ntspehl;L
tHj;jff; fld;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fld;gl;l jifikAila
fld;ghl;lhsHfspd;
ngahpy;
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzp
ciog;NghH fzf;fpidj; jpwf;f mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(I) ntspehl;L tHj;jff; fld;ghl;Lf; fzf;F: ntspehl;L
tHj;jff; fld;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ngwg;gl;l fld;
njhiffis VNjDk; tq;fpf; fzf;nfhd;wpy; tuT itf;f
mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJld; ntspehl;L tHj;jff; fld;ghl;L
fzf;nfhd;wpidj; jpwf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w Njitg;ghLk;
ePf;fg;gl;lJ.
(x) ,yq;iff;F ntspNa tjpAk; KjyPl;lhsHfspdhy; $W
ek;gpf;iffspy; KjyPL nra;jy;: tjptw;wtHfspdhy; $W
ek;gpf;ifapy; KjyPL nra;tJ njhlHghf 2013 rdthp 31Mk;
jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,yf;fk; 179539 nfhz;l mur tHj;jkhdpapy;
(mjptpNrlk;)
tpLf;fg;gl;lthW
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis
trjpg;gLj;JkhW
mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
tzpfHfSf;F
mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(X) ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ciog;NghH fzf;F: ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzp
ciog;NghH
fzf;Ffspd;
mwpf;ifapLk;
Njitg;ghLfs; jpUj;jg;gl;ld.
(xs)
Rq;fk;
nrYj;jg;glhj
JiwKfj;jpyhd
tHj;jfk;:
Rq;fk; nrYj;jg;glhj JiwKfj;jpyhd tHj;jfj;jpw;fhf
nghUl;fspd;
,wf;Fkjp
kw;Wk;
Vw;WkjpfSf;fhd
Nfhhpf;iffSf;F
trjpaspf;Fk;
nghOJ
,jw;fhf
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
epge;jidfis
mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
tzpfHfs; gpd;gw;Wjy; Ntz;Lk;.
(f)
Gyk;ngaHNthUf;fhd
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpapd;
tpw;gid: jdpg;gl;l Gyk;ngaUnkhUtUf;F I.m.nlhyH
150>000 tiuapyhd Muk;g Gyk;ngaHtpw;fhd gbapid
toq;Ftjw;Fk; Gyk;ngaH jLj;Jitj;jy; fzf;fpYs;s
chpj;Jila njhifapypUe;J tjpahNjhH ntspehl;L
ehzaf; fzf;F my;yJ Gyk;ngaHgthpdhy; ,yq;iff;F
- 2013
gFjp II
ntspNa Ngzg;gLk; fzf;nfhd;wpw;F Gyk;ngaHNthH
jLj;J itf;fg;gl;l fzf;F clikahshpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l
mwpTWj;jypd;gb tuT itg;gjw;Fk; mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
tzpfHfs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldH.
(q) tjpNthH ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;Ffs;: ehza tifapidf;
fUj;jpw;
nfhs;shJ>
,d;ndhU
mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
tzpfUld;
Ngzg;gLk;
Vw;fdNtAs;s
tjpNthH
ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;FfspypUe;J khw;wy; nra;ag;gl;l
epjpaj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jp Gjpa tjpNthH ntspehl;L
ehzaf; fzf;fpidj; jpwf;f mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;lJ.
(r) mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfHfspdhy; neh];Nwh fzf;Ffisj;
jpwe;J NgZjy;: ,yq;iff;F ntspNa $l;bizf;fg;gl;l
tq;fpfspy; my;yJ ,yq;iff;F ntspNa epWtg;gl;Ls;s
mj;jifa tq;fpfspd; fpisfspy; mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
tzpfHfs; neh];Nwh fzf;Ffisj; jpwe;J NgZtjw;F
mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldH.
(Q) gpizaq;fs; KjyPl;Lf; fzf;F: gpizaq;fs; KjyPl;Lf;
fzf;fpw;F epjpaq;fisg; ngwTk; mjpypUe;J epjpaq;fis
ntspNa mDg;Gtjw;Fkhd toptiffSf;F $Ljyhd
nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ikapid toq;Fk; Nehf;Fld; gpizaq;fs;
KjyPl;Lf; fzf;Ffisj; jpwg;gJ kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;JtJ
njhlHgpy;
Gjpa
epajpfSk;
epge;jidfSk;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;ld.
(l) ntspehLfSf;Fg; gazk; nra;Ak; ,yq;ifaHfSf;F
ntspehl;L ehzaj; jhs;fis toq;Fjy;: ntspehLfSf;Fg;
gazk; nra;Ak; ,yq;ifaHfSf;fhd gazg;gbapd; xU
gFjpahf> I.m.nlhyH 5>000 my;yJ mjw;Fr; rkkhd
khw;wj;jf;f VNjDk; NtW ntspehl;L ehzaq;fis
ehzaj; jhs;fshf toq;Ftjw;F mDkjpj;jy;.
(z) tjptw;NwhH trkpUe;j mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; tpw;gidg;
ngWiffis jha;ehl;bw;F mDg;Gjy;: %yjd ,yhgk;
cl;gl tpw;gidg; ngWiffs; VJkpUg;gpd; mtw;iwAk;
tjptw;wtHfspdhy;
,yq;ifapYs;s
mirahr;
nrhj;Jf;fspd;
tpw;gidapypUe;J
ngwg;gl;ltw;iwAk;
gpizaq;fs; KjyPl;Lf; fzf;fpw;F my;yJ ,yq;iff;F
ntspNa Ngzg;gLfpd;w xU fzf;fpw;F tuT itf;f
mDkjpj;jjy;.
(j)
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzp
ciog;NghH
fzf;F
clikahsHfSf;F fld; trjpaspj;jy;: ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzp ciog;NghH fzf;fpidg; NgZfpd;w Ml;fSf;F
cs;ehl;L tq;fpj;njhopy; gphptpypUe;J ntspehl;L ehzaj;jpy;
fld; trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(e) tjptw;NwhH ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;Ffs;: Gyk;ngaH
jLj;Jitj;jy;
fzf;fpypUe;J
khw;wy;
nra;ag;gl;l
epjpaj;jpid tjptw;NwhH ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;fpw;F tuT
itf;fTk; ehza tifapid fUj;jpw;nfhs;shJ ,d;ndhU
mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfUld; Ngzg;gLk; Vw;fdNtAs;s
tjptw;NwhH ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;fpypUe;J khw;wy;
nra;ag;gl;l epjpaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Gjpa tjptw;NwhH
ntspehl;Lf; fzf;Ffis jpwg;gjw;Fk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(g)
mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
tzpfHfspdhy;
neh];Nuh
fzf;Ffisj; jpwj;jYk; NgZjYk;: neh];Nuh fzf;Ffs;
njhlHgpyhd
tpguq;fis
nryhtzpf;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;
jpizf;fsj;jpw;F mDg;Gk; Njitg;ghL ,y;iy vd;gJ
gw;wp mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfHfSf;F mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(k) mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfHfshf epakpf;fg;gl;l chpkk;
ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfspdhy; ,uz;lhe;jur; re;ijapy;
ehl;bw;fhd ,yq;if Kwpfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;:
2010> 2011 kw;Wk; 2012Mk; Mz;Lfspy; ,uz;lhe;jur;
re;ijapy; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; ,yq;iff;F ntspNa
ntspaplg;gl;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfisf; nfhs;tdT
nra;aTk;
itj;jpUf;fTk; kw;Wk; khw;wy; nra;aTk;
mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfHfs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldH.
(a) ntspehl;Lf; fg;gy; fk;gdp thD}Hjp epWtdq;fspdhy;
Ngzg;gl;l ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;F> ntspehl;Lf;
fg;gw;gLj;jy; fk;gdp thHjp epWtdq;fspd; KftUf;fhd
ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;F vd kPsg; ngahplg;gl;lJ:
gFjp II - 82

,yq;ifapy; njhopw;gLfpd;w fg;gw;gLj;jy; epWtdq;fs;
kw;Wk; thD}Hjp epWtdq;fspd; KftHfspd; ntspehl;L
ehzaf; fzf;Ffs; 'ntspehl;L fg;gw;gLj;jy; epWtdq;fs;
thD}Hjp epWtdq;fspd; KftHfSf;fhd ntspehl;L
ehzaf; fzf;Ffs;" vd kPsg; ngahplg;gl;lJld; ntspehl;L
fg;gw;gLj;jy;
epWtdq;fs;
thD}Hjp
epWtdq;fspd;
KftHfSf;fhd ntspehl;L ehzaf; fzf;Ffisj;
jpwj;jy; kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;jy; njhlHgpyhd epajpfSk;
epge;jidfSk; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;ld.
9.2 tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy;fspd; ntspaPL
2013,y; nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; vl;L Gjpa mur
tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jy;fis ntspapl;lJ.
(m) ntspehl;L tHj;jff; fld;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; (2013 rdthp 01Mk;
jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,yf;fk; 179115 nfhz;l mur tHj;jkhdp):
Fwpg;gpl;l rpy epge;jidfSf;Fl;gl;L> ntspehl;L tHj;jff;
fld;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,yq;iff;F ntspNa tjpAk;
MnshUthplkpUe;J fld;gLtjw;F mDkjpaspj;jy;.
(M) ntspehl;L ehzaj;jpy; nfhLg;gdTfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
mDkjpj;jy; (2013 rdthp 01Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,yf;fk;
179116)
nfhz;l
mur
tHj;jkhdp):
,yq;ifapy;
tjpAnkhUtH> ,yq;iff;F ntspNa tjpAk; MnshUtUf;F
nghUl;fisAk; gzpfisAk; toq;fpaik njhlHgpy;
ntspehl;L ehzaj;jpy; nfhLg;gdTfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
mDkjpj;jy;.
(,)
,yq;if
&ghtpy;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
kPl;fj;jf;f
Kd;Dhpikg; gq;Ffis toq;fTk; khw;wy; nra;tjw;Fkhd
mDkjp (2013Mk; Mz;L rdthp 4Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l
,yf;fk; 179143 nfhz;l
mur tHj;jkhdp): Fwpg;gpl;l
rpy epge;jidfSf;Fl;gl;L &ghtpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
kPl;fj;jf;f Kd;Dhpikg; gq;Ffis xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;l ehl;L
epjpak;> xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;l gpuhe;jpa epjpak;> ,yq;iff;F
ntspNa $l;bizf;fg;gl;l fk;gdpr; rigfs; kw;Wk;
,yq;iff;F ntspNa tjpAk; jdpg;gl;ltHfs; MfpNahUf;F
toq;Ftjw;Fk; khw;wy; nra;tjw;Fk; mDkjpj;jy;.
(<) 2010 entk;gH 22Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,yf;fk; 168110
nfhz;l mur tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jYf;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;
(2013 rdthp 10Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,yf;fk; 179228 nfhz;l
mur tHj;jkhdp): 2010 entk;gH 22Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l
,y. 168110 nfhz;l mur tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jypYs;s
'cs;Kf KjyPl;Lf; fzf;F" ,w;Fg; gjpyhf mjd;ghYs;s
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf 'gpiza KjyPl;Lf; fzf;F" vd;w
nrhw;fis ,Ltjd; %yk; jpUj;jg;gl;lJ.
(c) 2011 Xfj;J 18Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,y.171924 nfhz;l mur
tHj;jkhdpf;fhd jpUj;jk; (2013 rdthp 30Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l
,y.179532
nfhz;l
mur
tHj;jkhdp):
,yq;if
tk;rhtopapduhd tjptw;w Ml;fs; cs;slq;fyhf tjptw;w
,yq;ifaHfSf;F ,yq;if &ghtpy; nfhLg;gdTfisr;
nra;tjw;fhf ,yq;ifapYs;s Ml;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;bUe;j
nghJthd mDkjp ePbf;fg;gl;lJ.
(C) $W ek;gpf;ifapYs;s $Wfis toq;fTk; khw;wy;
nra;tjw;Fkhd mDkjp (2013 rdthp 31Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l
,yf;fk; 179539 nfhz;l mur tHj;jkhdp): Fwpg;gpl;l
rpy epge;jidfSf;Fl;gl;L> ntspehl;L epWtd hPjpahd
KjyPl;lhsHfs;> ,yq;iff;F ntspNa $l;bizf;fg;gl;Ls;s
fk;gdpr; rigfs;> ,yq;iff;F ntspNaAs;s jdpegHfs;
(,yq;iff;F ntspNa tjpAk; ,yq;ifaHfs; cl;gl)
MfpNahUf;F $W ek;gpf;ifapYs;s $Wfis toq;Ftjw;Fk;
khw;wy; nra;tjw;Fk; mDkjpj;jy;.
(v) tjptw;NwhH trKs;s mirahr; nrhj;jpidf; nfhs;tdT
nra;tjw;fhd
nfhLg;gdTfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
tjpNthUf;F
mDkjpaspj;jy;
(2013
A+d;
12Mk;
jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,y. 181439 nfhz;l mur tHj;jkhdp):
,yq;ifapYs;s mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; tpw;gid %yk;
fpilj;j njhifapid> ntspehl;by; tjpAk; egH xUtUf;F
,yq;if &ghtpy; nfhLg;gdTfis nra;a ,yq;ifapy;
tjpNthUf;F mDkjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
- 2013
gFjp II
(V) 2010 khr;R 11Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,y.164426 nfhz;l mur

tHj;jkhdpf;fhd jpUj;jk; (2013 A+d; 12Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l
,y. 181440 nfhz;l mur tHj;jkhdp): kw;nwhU ehl;bypUe;J
nry;Ygbahff; $ba epue;ju tjptpl mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fisg;
ngw;wpUf;Fk; egHfs; kw;Wk; ,ul;ilf; FbAhpikAs;stHfs;
,yq;iff;F ntspNaAs;s tq;fpfSld; fzf;Ffis
Muk;gpg;gjw;Fk; NgZtjw;Fk; mDkjpj;jy;.
9.3 xg;Gjy;fs; mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fs;
nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspd; fPo;tUk;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;fhf
nryhtzpf;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;
jpizf;fsk; fPNo njhFj;Jj; jug;gl;Ls;sthW xg;Gjy;fisAk;
mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fisAk; toq;fpaJ.
(m) xg;Gjy;fs;
(i) ntspehl;L KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf rpwg;G
mDkjpiaf; Nfhhp tjpAk; fk;gdpfsplkpUe;J 15
Nfhhpf;iffs; ngwg;gl;lJld; I.m.nlhyH 26.43
kpy;ypaid KjyPL nra;tjw;F 09 fk;gdpfSf;F
xg;Gjy;fs;
toq;fg;gl;ld.
xU
Nfhhpf;if
epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lJld; 05 Nfhhpf;iffis ,Wjpg;gLj;Jk;
eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
(ii)
ntspehLfsplkpUe;J
fld;gLtjw;fhf
tjpAk;
fk;gdpfsplkpUe;J 16 Nfhhpf;iffs; ngwg;gl;lJld;
I.m.nlhyH 335.50 kpy;ypaidf; fld;gLtjw;F
14 fk;gdpfSf;F mDkjp toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,uz;L
Nfhhpf;iffis
,Wjpg;gLj;Jk;
eltbf;iffs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
M) mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fs; chpkq;fis toq;Fjy;
(i) 8
Gjpa
ehza
khw;W
mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fs;
toq;fg;gl;lJld;
mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
ehza
khw;WeHfspd; vz;zpf;if 90,w;F mjpfhpj;jJ.
(ii) Mz;bw;F I.m.nlhyH 4 kpy;ypaDf;Fk; $Ljyhd
ntspehl;L
ehzaj;jpid
ntw;wpfukhff;
nfhs;tdT nra;j 5 ehza khw;WeHfSf;F
ntspehl;L ehzaq;fis tpw;gid nra;a mDkjp
toq;fg;gl;ljidaLj;J ntspehl;L ehzaq;fis
tpw;gid nra;a mDkjpf;fg;gl;l ehza khw;WeHfspd;
vz;zpf;if 24Mf tpsq;fpaJ.
(iii) 34 Gjpa fk;gdpfs; ruf;F mDg;Gk; fk;gdpfshf
gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJld; ruf;F mDg;GNthhpd; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;if 538 ,w;F mjpfhpj;jJ.

(iv) 2013 rdthp 01Mk; jpfjpaplg;gl;l ,yf;fk; 179116
nfhz;l mur tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jypd; %yk;
nghJthd mDkjp toq;fg;gl;likapd; fhuzkhf
jPHitaw;w filfs;> Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs; cztfq;fs;>
,uj;jpdf;fy; kw;Wk; Mguzf;filfs;> gaz KftHfs;
Nghd;w Vida kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l tzpfHfSf;F
ntspehl;L
ehzaq;fis
Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd
mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fis
toq;FtJ
nryhtzpf;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; epWj;jg;gl;lJ.
9.4 fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; Gydha;Tfs;
2013Mk;
Mz;Lg;
gFjpapy;
nryhtzpf;
fl;Lg;ghl;L
xOq;FtpjpfSld; ,zq;fpnahOfhj re;jHg;gq;fs; njhlHgpy;
74 Gydha;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mj;jifa kPwy;fs;
njhlHgpy; jz;lg; gzkhf Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l &. 8.4 kpy;ypad;
nfhz;l njhif jpul;ba epjpaj;jpw;F khw;wy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
mj;jifa Gydha;Tfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit tjpNthhpdhy;
tjptw;NwhUf;Fr;
nra;ag;gl;l
mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj
nfhLg;gdTfs;
njhlHghdjhfTk;>
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l
tzpfHfspdhy; mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fspd; epge;jidfs; kPwg;gl;lit
njhlHghdjhfTk; nghJthd mDkjpfspy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;l
eilKiwfSf;F khwhf gpizaq;fs; toq;fg;gl;lik kw;Wk;
khw;wy; nra;ag;gl;lik njhlHghfTk; fhzg;gl;ld.
gFjp II - 83
9.5 nghJkf;fs; tpopg;GzHT

nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; njhlHr;rpahf jsHj;jg;gl;L tUtjd;
tpisthf> eilKiw ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpf; nfhs;iffs;
kw;Wk; %yjdf; fzf;F nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; mz;ika
jsHj;jy;fs; njhlHgpy; mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l tzpfHfspilNaAk;
nghJkf;fspilNaAk; mwptpid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf gy tpopg;GzHT
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. NkYk;> nghJkf;fspd;
eyd;fUjp 'ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;fhd
gbg;gbahd
topfhl;ly;"
vd;w
jiyg;gpyhd
Vnlhd;W
ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,t;ntspaPlhdJ jw;Nghija eilKiwfSf;fhd
,d;wpaikahjnjhU topfhl;bahf jpfor; nra;Ak; Fwpf;NfhSld;
gad;gLj;JeHfSf;F rpNefG+Ht Kiwapy; cjtf;$ba tpjj;jpy;
jahhpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
NkYk;>
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpj;
njhopw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; jfty;fSf;fhd gpuj;jpNafkhd Gjpa
,izajsnkhd;W (www.ecd.lk) jpwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
epjpapay; epWtdq;fs;> rl;l eilKiwg;gLj;jy; mjpfhurigfs;>
mur jpizf;fsq;fs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fSf;fhf> Ma;tuq;Ffs;
%ykhf tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld. 2013Mk;
Mz;L mj;jifa ehw;gj;J %d;W tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
elj;jg;gl;ld.
10. trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpizf;fsk;

2013,y; trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsk; ,d;wpaikahj
gzpfspd; njhopw;ghl;L ek;gfj;jd;ikapidAk; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; Fwpf;Nfhis milAk; tpjj;jpy; mYttyHfs;
gzpahw;wf;$ba trjpAk; mikjpAk; epiwe;j Ntiyr; #oiyAk;
cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ.

cghaj;jpl;lj;Jld; ,zq;fpr; nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy; 2013,y; trjpfs;
Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsk; mjd; ,yf;Ffis milAk; Nehf;Fld;>
tq;fpg; gzpkidiag; NgZjy; kw;Wk; Rj;jkhf itj;jpUj;jy;
kw;Wk; Vw;ghl;L trjpfspd; toq;fy;> kpd;tY> Fsp&l;ly;> ePH
toq;fy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; njhlHG+l;ly; Nghd;w midj;J
,d;wpaikahj gzpfspYk; njhopw;ghl;L ek;gfj; jd;ikapid
caHe;j juj;jpy; NgZjy; cl;gl mjdJ Kf;fpa njhopw;ghLfis
njhlHe;Jk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ. jpizf;fsk; mj;jifa trjpfis
toq;Ftjpy; ngUk;ghYk; 100 rjtPj ek;gfj;jd;ikapid
milaf;$bajhf ,Ue;jikapd; %yk; tq;fpapd; jlq;fyw;w
tpahghuj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gq;fspj;jJ. trjpfs;
Kfhikj;Jt
jpizf;fsk;
nraw;jpl;lq;fspd;
njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jtk; kpf;f kjpg;gPl;L nghwpKiw> nryTr; rpf;fdkhdJk;
caHe;j jukhdJkhd xg;ge;jf;fhuHfspd; njhpT kw;Wk; cld;gl;l
fhy ,yf;Ffspy; Njitg;gl;l juq;fspy; nraw;jpl;lq;fs; G+Hj;jp
nra;ag;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf neUf;fkhd fz;fhzpg;G
vd;gtw;wpd; Clhf tpidj;jpwd;> nryT rpf;fdk; kw;Wk; chpa
fhyj;jpyhd tpepNahfk; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; 'gzj;jpw;fhd
ngWkjp" nfhz;l gzpfis toq;ff; $bajhftpUe;jJ. trjpfs;
Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fskhdJ jiyik mYtyfj;jpd; Eiothapy;
kw;Wk; tuNtw;Gg;gPlk; Mfpatw;wpid etPdkag;gLj;jpikapd;
%yk; rpNefG+Htr; #oiyAk; ftHr;rpfukhd jd;ikapidAk;
Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. NkYk;> gy;NtW Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf tq;fpf;F tp[ak;
nra;Ak; nghJkf;fSf;fhf Eiothapypd; xU gFjp xyp> xsp
trjpfSld; $ba jq;Fk; miwahf khw;wg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> EioTf;
fl;Lg;ghLfSf;Fr; NrHf;fg;gl;l ,yj;jpudpay; kw;Wk; Nkk;gl;l
gz;GfSld; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; jiyikf; fhhpahyaj;jpy;
fhzg;gl;l xd;wpize;j ghJfhg;G Kiw juKaHj;jg;gl;lJ.

nrd;wy; nghapd;l; fl;llj;jpid* (Njrpa rkthaf; fl;llk;
vd Kd;dH miof;fg;gl;lJ) GJg;gpf;Fk; Ntiyfs; 2013,y;
G+Hj;jpahf;fg;gl;ljd; %yk; nrhj;jpd; ngWkjpapy; fzprkhd
mjpfhpg;nghd;W Vw;gl;lJ. nfhOk;gpypUe;J ehl;bd; ve;jnthU
,lj;jpw;Fkhd uj;jpid mstpLfpd;w ,lkhd nfhOk;G
Nfhl;ilapd;
kj;jpapy;
,J
mikag;
ngw;wpUg;gjidf;
fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ,e;jf; fl;llkhdJ nrd;wy; nghapd;l; fl;llk;
vd kPsg; ngahplg;gl;lJ. fl;ll epHkhzj;jpd; caHjFjp juj;Jld;
$ba Gfo;kpf;f ,jd; NeHj;jpkpf;f gioa Njhw;wj;jpw;F kPz;Lk;
Gduikf;fg;gl;likahdJ trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsj;jpd;
njhopy; epGzj;Jtkpf;f mYtyHfs; kw;Wk; ntspapypUe;J
gzpfs;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
fl;ll
xg;ge;jf;fhuHfs;
MNyhridahsHfspd;
xl;Lnkhj;j
Kaw;rpapdJk;
%j;j
- 2013
gFjp II
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; topfhl;ly;fspdJk; ntspg;ghlhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l nrd;wy; nghapd;l; fl;;llj;jpy; epHkhzpf;fg;gl;l
,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu tuyhw;W mUk;nghUl;fhl;rpr;rhiy 2013
etk;gH> 11 md;W mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp mtHfspdhy; jpwe;J
itf;fg;gl;lJ. trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fskhdJ mjd;
jiyik mYtyf tshfj;jpy; gy;khb CHjp jhpg;gplj;jpd; fl;ll
epHkhzj;jpd; gFjp - I ,id G+Hj;jp nra;J 2013 xf;NjhgH> 25
md;W jpwe;Jitj;jJld;> tq;fpapd; caH gapw;rp ngw;w %j;j
mYtyHfspd; ngWkjpahd Neuk; tPzbf;fg;gLtjid jLf;Fk;
tpjj;jpy; fzprkhd msT thfdq;fspw;F jhpg;gpl trjpfs;
toq;fg;gl;ld.

2013 Xfj;J> 12 md;W> mgptpUj;jp epjp> tq;fpj;njhopy; kw;Wk;
epjpapay; eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; njhlHghd eltbf;iffspyhd
nghJkf;fspd; tpopg;GzHT vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;
khfhzj;jpYs;s
midj;J
khtl;lq;fspYk;
mgptpUj;jp
eltbf;iffis
trjpg;gLj;Jk;
Nehf;NfhL
tlkhfhz
mYtyfj;jpw;fhd fl;llj; njhFjpia epUkhzpg;gjw;fhd
mbf;fy;ypid trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsk; fpspnehr;rpapy;
ehl;baJ.

Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy;> nghJ epHthfk; kw;Wk; cs;ehl;lYty;fs;
mikr;rplkpUe;J ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpahy; ifNaw;fg;gl;l> NrH
ghud; [ajpyf khtj;ij> nfhOk;G 01 ,y; mike;Js;s 'itl;vnta;];
fl;llj;jpd;" jpUj;j Ntiyfis trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jt
jpizf;fsk; Muk;gpj;jJ. NkYk;> Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy;
fjpHfhkk; kw;Wk; Etnuypah Nghd;w ,lq;fspYs;s tpLKiw
,y;yj;jpw;fhd Nkyjpf njhlHkhbapid epHkhzpg;gjw;fhfTk;
,uh[fphpahtpd; tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd
Ma;Tepiya
fl;llj;ij tphpthf;fk; nra;tjw;fhfTk; trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jt
jpizf;fskhdJ mbf;fy;iy ehl;baJ.

2013,y;> trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsk; njhopw;ghl;L
,lHNeHTfisf; Fiwf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; CHjpfspd; epiyikfis
caHj;jpajd; %yk; mjd; CHjp njhFjpia tYg;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;lJ.
tq;fpapd;
toikahd
njhopw;ghLfSf;fhd
Nghf;Ftuj;J Njitfis G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;fhf jlq;fyw;w
Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritia toq;fpaikf;F Gwk;ghf> ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; mDruizAld; elhj;jg;gl;l gy;NtW gd;dhl;L
khehLfSf;Fk; jpizf;fsk; Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis toq;fpaJ.
11. epjp
epjpj; jpizf;fsk; gd;dhl;L fzf;fpay; epakq;fs; gd;dhl;L
epjpapay; mwpf;ifaply; epakq;fs;> kw;Wk; ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd;
nghUj;jkhd Vw;ghLfspd; epajpfspy; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
epjpapay; mwpf;ifaply; njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ. epjpj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs; epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd;
cs;sf mwpf;ifaplYf;fhd Kiwikfisg; Ngzy;> epjpapay;
$w;Wf;fisj; jahhpj;jy;> kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tUlhe;j tuT
nryTj;jpl;lj;jpid jahhpj;jy; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpj;jy;> kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; cs;sf kw;Wk; ntspthhp epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;
thq;fy;fSf;fhf XH nfhLg;gdT Kiwikiag; NgZjy;> 12
cs;sf epjpaq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jtk;> epiyahd nrhj;Jf;fspd;
gjpNtl;ilg; NgZjy; kw;Wk; CopaH fld;fspd; juTj;jsj;ij
NgZjy; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sd.
11.1 epjpapay; $w;Wf;fspd; jahhpg;G

m) khjhe;j Ie;njhif: 2013 Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; ehza
tpjpr;rl;l Njitg;ghLfspd;gb 2012 jpnrk;gH kw;Wk; 2013 ,d;
rdthp njhlf;fk; etk;gH tiuahd khjhe;j Ie;njhiffs;
jahhpf;fg;gl;L mur tHj;jfkhdpapy; ntspaplg;gl;ld.
M) tUlhe;j
epjpapay;
$w;Wf;fs;:
2003
,ypUe;J
,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gd;dhl;L fzf;fPl;L epakq;fSk;
gd;dhl;L
epjpapay;
mwpf;ifaply;
epakq;fSk;
gpd;gw;wg;gl;L
tUfpd;wd.
,f;$w;Wf;fs;
,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Mz;lwpf;ifapy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.
2013
Mz;L
fhyg;gFjpapy;
epjpj;
jpizf;fsk;
,e;epakq;fs; kw;Wk; rl;lj;Jld; ,zq;fpr; nry;tjw;fhf
fzf;fPl;L
Kiwikfs;
kw;Wk;
eilKiwfisAk;
gFjp II - 84

ntspg;gLj;Jifj;
Njitg;ghLfisAk;
njhlHr;rpahd
Kiwapy; ,w;iwg;gLj;jpaJ. 2013Mk; Mz;bw;fhd kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; fzf;fha;T nra;ag;gl;l epjpapay; $w;Wf;fs;
Mz;lwpf;ifapy; ,g;gFjpapd; njhlf;fj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
11.2 tUlhe;j tuT nryTj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; eltbf;iffis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpidj;
jahhpj;jy;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; 2014Mk; Mz;bw;fhd tUkhd kw;Wk;
nrytpd tuT nryTj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; %yjd tuT nryTj;jpl;lk;
vd;gd ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; xt;nthU jpizf;fsj;jpdJk;
cghaj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPohd nray; eltbf;ifj; jpl;lq;fSld;
,zq;fpr;
nry;Yk;
tpjj;jpy;
jahhpf;fg;gl;ld.
,t;tuT
nryTj;jpl;lj;Jld; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; eltbf;if hPjpahd
nrytpidAk; njhopw;ghl;L hPjpahd nrytpidAk; fhl;Ltjw;fhf
eltbf;ifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l kw;Wk; njhopw;ghl;L
hPjpahd tuT nryTj;jpl;lKk; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,r; nraw;ghL 2013
Xfj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJld; 2013 jprk;ghpy; ,Wjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
ehzar; rigapd; xg;Gjy; 2013 jprk;ghpy; ngwg;gl;lJld; 2014
Kjyhk; ehsd;W tuT nryTj;jpl;lk; jpizf;fsq;fSf;Ff;
fpilf;ff;$bajhftpUe;jJ. tuT nryTj;jpl;lf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd;
tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f fz;fhzpg;gpidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L 2013 Mk;
Mz;bw;fhd fhyhz;L tuT nryTj;jpl;l nrayhw;wf; $w;Wf;fs;
jpizf;fsq;fSf;Fk; ehzar; rigf;Fk; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;ld.
11.3 cs;sf kw;Wk; ntspthhp epjpapay;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;fhd nfhLg;gdT Kiwik
m) CopaH Cjpaq;fs;> mYtyH fld;fs;> njhopw;ghl;Lr;
nrytpdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd midj;Jf; nfhLg;gdTfSk;
2013 ,y; Neu ,yf;FfSf;Fs; Jy;ypakhd Kiwapy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
M) cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;L toq;FeHfSf;fhd midj;J
ntspthhpf; nfhLg;gdTfSk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
eilKiwfSf;Nfw;g
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
2013
Mk;
Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; 4>916 cs;ehl;L toq;FeHfisAk;
258 ntspehl;L toq;FeHfisAk; cs;slf;fpa nkhj;j
nfhLg;gdTfs; 5>174 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
,) nghJ jpiwNrhp kw;Wk; njhlHghd nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;fhd
Vwj;jho 3>183 gfpHe;jspg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf; fld;fspd;
kPs;nfhLg;gdTfspd; 555 jtizf; nfhLg;gdTfs; vd;gd
2013 Mk; Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
ml;ltiz II-12
epjpa Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; nrayhw;wk; - 2013

(njhif &. kpy;ypadpy;)
epjpaq;fs;
Xa;T+jpa
epjpaq;fs;
kUj;Jt
epjpaq;fs;
rpwg;G
epjpaq;fs;
nkhj;jk;
cl;
ntspg;
KjyPLfs; KjyPLfs;
gha;r;ry;fs; gha;r;ry;fs;
Mz;L
,Wjp
ruhrhp
tpisT
(Mz;Lf;F %)
12,531.8
3,254.6
9,189.6
35,350.9
11.29
44.9
1.8
42.8
105.7
11.05
968.7
13,545.4
19.9
3,276.3
949.3
10,181.7
1,615.0
37,071.6
11.16
11.17
11.4 cs;sf epjpaq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jtk;

epjpj; jpizf;fsk;> mYtyHfs; kw;Wk; Xa;T+jpak; ngw;wtHfspd;
6 Xa;T+jpa epjpaq;fs;> 3 kUj;Jt ed;ik epjpaq;fs; kw;Wk; 3
rpwg;G epjpaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fp 12 cs;sf epjpaq;fis
Kfhik nra;jJ. fhRg; gha;r;riy Kfhikg;gLj;jy;> epjpaq;fspd;
KjyPLfs;>
jPHg;gdTfs;
nfhLg;gdTfis
Nkw;nfhs;sy;>
* ,e;jf; fl;llkhdJ 100 Mz;Lfs; gioik tha;e;j fhyzpj;Jt Afj;jpd; fl;llf;fiyapidf;
nfhz;ljhff; fhzg;gLtJld; 2010Mk; Mz;L ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; nfhs;tdT
nra;ag;gl;lJ.
- 2013
gFjp II
fzf;Ffspd; gjpNtLfisg; NgZjy; kw;Wk; tUlhe;j epjpapay;
$w;Wf;fisj; jahhpj;jy; vd;gd ,J njhlHghd Kf;fpa
njhopw;ghLfshff; fhzg;gl;ld. epjpaq;fs; Kf;fpakhf mur
gpizaq;fs;> tq;fp itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; caH tPjk; nfhz;l
fk;gdpj; njhFjpf; fld;fspy; KjyPL nra;ag;gl;lJld; 2013Mk;
Mz;bw;fhd KjyPLfs; kPjhd ruhrhp tpisT tPjk; 11.17
rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. me;epjpaq;fspd; tpjpfspd; gb 2012
,w;fhd ,e;epjpaq;fspd; fzf;fha;T nra;ag;gl;l epjpapay;
$w;Wf;fs; ehzar; rigf;Fr; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;ld.
11.5 epiyahd nrhj;Jf;fspd; gjpNtLfisg; NgZjy;
epjpj; jpizf;fsk; epiyahd nrhj;Jf;fspd; gjpNtl;bid
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp NgNul;L Kiwikapd; epiyahd
nrhj;Jf;fs; epuypy; NgZfpd;wJ. Gjpa nfhs;tdTfs; kw;Wk;
miktplq;fs;> miktplq;fsp;d; khw;wq;fs;> kPs;kjpg;gPLfs;>
Nja;khdk; kw;Wk; mfw;wy;fs; Nghd;w midj;J khw;wq;fSk;
,g; gjpNtl;by; 2013 fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpag;gl;ld. 2013 Mz;Lf;
fhyg;gFjpapy; ,g;gjpNtL 1>662 nghUl;fspd; nfhs;tdTlDk;
645 nghUl;fspd; mfw;wy;fSlDk; ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
11.6 mYtyH fld;fspd; juTj; jsj;ijg; NgZjy;
2013 fhyg;gFjpapy; epjpj; jpizf;fsk; fld;fspd; mwtply;
nrad;Kiwia
trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;
CopaHfSf;Fk;
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; jfty;fis toq;Ftjw;fhfTk; jfty;
njhopEl;gj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; cjtpAld; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
CopaHfspd; fld; juTj; jsj;ij njhlHr;rpahfg; NgzpaJ.
11.7 Vida njhopw;ghLfs;
m) nfhs;tdTr; nrad;Kiw
,yq;if
kj;jpa
tq;fpapd;
tpjpfspd;gb>
epjpj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; mYtyHfs; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd;
nfhs;tdtpw;fhd midj;J njhopEl;g kjpg;gPl;Lf; FOf;fs;
kw;Wk; tpiyf;Nfhuy; rigfspYk; mstPl;Lr; rigfspYk;
fye;J nfhs;tjw;F Njitg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdH. 2013,y;
mf;nfhs;tdTfs; njhlHghf Vwj;jho 360 tpiyf;Nfhuy;
rigfspYk; midj;J njhopy;El;g kjpg;gPl;Lf; FOf;fspYk;
fye;J nfhz;ldH.
M) mwpf;ifaply; Nkk;ghLfs;
2013,y;
nghJg;
NgNul;by;
mwpf;ifaply;
kw;Wk;
ntspehl;L xJf;F Kfhikj;Jtk; njhlHgpy; ,uz;L
ghhpa Nkk;ghLfs; ,lk;ngw;wd. epjpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
mwpf;ifaply; Njitg;ghLfs; njhlHghd cjtpfSld;
fzf;fPl;L epakq;fSld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy;
jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l XH
Gjpa nghJg; NgNul;L Kiwiknahd;W ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; jfty; njhopy;El;g jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; cs;sf
hPjpahf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJld; ,J 2014 rdthp 01,y;
eilKiwf;fplg;gl;lJ. ,g;Gjpa Kiwik 2003,ypUe;J
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l ntspf; fk;gdpapdhy; (b.vk;.v];
nkd;ghf njhopy;El;gq;fs;) tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L toq;fg;gl;l
xuf;fps; nghJg; NgNul;L Kiwikapid gjpyPL nra;fpd;wJ.
ntspehl;L xJf;F tzpf kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf
mikr;ruitapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l nfhs;tdTr; rig %yk;
nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;l Fthth vdg;gLk; XH Gjpa jpiwNrhp
Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik gd;dhl;Lg; gzp toq;Feuhy; tpUj;jp
nra;ag;gl;L 2013 entk;gH 01 ,ypUe;J eilKiwf;fplg;gl;lJ.
,J 2004Mk; Mz;bypUe;J njhopw;ghl;bypUe;j jpiwNrhp
tzpf miw Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikapid gjpyPL
nra;jJ. fle;j 10 Mz;Lfspy; kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
nkhj;jr; nrhj;Jf;fs; &.891.4 gpy;ypadhYk; (2003,d;
&.354.6 gpy;ypadpypUe;J) ntspehl;L xJf;Ffs; 2003,d;
I.m.nlhyH 2.3 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2013,y; I.m.nlhyH 7.2
gpy;ypadhf mjpfhpj;jikapy; gpujpgypf;fg;gl;lthW kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; mjpfhpj;j msT kw;Wk;
mtw;wpd; rpf;fy;jd;ik vd;gtw;wpidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
,t;tpuz;L Nkk;ghLfSk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; juk;> epjpapay;
mwpf;ifaplypd; juk; kw;Wk; Ntfk; vd;gtw;iw mjpfstpy;
caHj;Jk;.
gFjp II - 85

,) KjyPl;L Nkw;ghHitf; FO

ehzar; rigahy; epWtg;gl;l KjyPl;L Nkw;ghHitf;

FOtpd; tfpghfk; vd;dntdpy; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ehd;F
jpizf;fsq;fshy;
Kfhik
nra;ag;gLk;
gjpdhW
epjpaq;fspd;
KjyPl;ilf;
fz;fhzpg;gJk;
kjpAiu
toq;FtJkhFk;. ,k; KjyPl;Lf; FOkk; cjtp MSehpdhy;
jiyik jhq;fg;gLtJld; njhlHghd jpizf;fsq;fspd;
jiytHfs; kw;Wk; Vida mYtyHfSld; ,f;FOtpd;
khjhe;jf; $l;lq;fSf;F epjpj; jpizf;fsk; nrayfg;
gzpfis toq;Ffpd;wJ. 2013Mk; Mz;L fhyj;jpy; FO
12 $l;lq;fs; $baJld; KjyPLfspd; rhpghHg;Gf;fSf;fhf
ehzar; rigf;F fhyhz;L hPjpapy; mwpf;iffisAk;
rkHg;gpj;jJ. 2013,d; ,Wjpapy; epjpaq;fspd; nkhj;jg;
ngWkjp &.50.7 gpy;ypadhf tpsq;fpaJ.
12. epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphpT

epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphpT 2006Mk; Mz;bd; 6Mk; ,yf;f
epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghl;L
epajpfspd; fPo; epWtg;gl;Ls;sJld; 2007Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapy; njhopw;gl;Lk; tUfpwJ. epjpapay;
cstwpjy; gphptpd; Kf;fpa njhopw;ghLfs; gzk; J}ajhf;fy;>
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaply; kw;Wk; epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;
mwpf;ifaply;
rl;lj;jpy;
tiutpyf;fzk;
nra;ag;gl;Ls;s
Vida rl;lj;jpw;F khwhd eltbf;iffs; vd;gdtw;Wldhd
rhj;jpakhd njhlHGfisf; fz;lwpAk; Nehf;fj;jpd; nghUl;L
epjpapay;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;
kPjhd
jfty;fisr;
Nrfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;> Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;ltw;Wld;
njhlHghd re;Njfj;jpw;Fhpa epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;
gw;wpa
Gydha;Tfs;
kw;Wk;
mj;jifa
Gydha;Tfspd;
jfty;fisAk; tpguq;fisAk; nghUj;jkhd eltbf;iffSf;fhf
njhlHghd rl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; mj;Jld; my;yJ
xoq;FKiwg;gLj;Jk; mjpfhhpfsplk; gug;Gjy; kw;Wk; mwpf;ifapLk;
epWtdq;fspd; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy; vd;gdtw;iw
cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. epjprhH nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply;
rl;lj;jpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthwhd> 2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy;
epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphptpd; Kf;fpa njhopw;ghLfspdJk; Vida
eltbf;iffspdJk; Kf;fpa gz;Gfs; gpd;tUkhW jug;gLfpd;wd.
12.1 jfty;fis jpul;Ljy;> Gydha;T nra;jy; kw;Wk; gug;Gjy;
jw;Nghija eilKiwfspd;gb> chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfs;>
chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs;> chpkk; ngw;w
epjpf; fk;gdpfs;> gq;Fj;jufH epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; fhg;GWjpf;
fk;gdpfs; vd;gd &.1.0 kpy;ypad; my;yJ mjw;Ff; $Ljyhd
my;yJ mjw;Fr; rkkhd ntspehl;L ehzaq;fspyhd fhRf;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisAk; ,yj;jpudpay; epjpa khw;wy;fisAk;
(cs;ehL kw;Wk; ntspehL ,uz;Lk;) epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphptpd;
mNjNeu fzdp topA+lhd jfty; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikahd
'yq;fh gpd;" ,lhf epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphptpw;Fj; njhlHe;Jk;
mwpf;ifapl;ld. 2013 rdthpapypUe;J mwpf;ifapLk; epWtdq;fshf
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l ehza khw;WeHfs;> jkJ
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l ehza khw;WeHfspd;
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jfpd;w nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;lhsUf;$lhf
mwpf;ifapl;ld.
mjw;fika>
2013Mk;
Mz;Lg;gFjpapy;
&.3.8 kpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;l fhR epjpa khw;wy;fSk; 498
Iaj;jpw;Fhpa nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSk; mwptpf;fg;gl;ld. G+Hthq;fg;
Gydha;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH 73 Iaj;jpw;Fhpa
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;>
Nkyjpfg;
Gydha;TfSf;fhf
rl;l
eilKiwg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; mjpfhhpfSf;F
mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ld. Fw;wtpay; Gydha;Tj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
elj;jg;gl;l Gydha;Tfspd; mbg;gilapy; 2013,y; njhFf;fg;gl;l
ehd;F Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; cl;gl rl;l kh mjpgH jpizf;fsk;
,Jtiu gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhf VO Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fisAk;
gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaplYf;nfjpuhd %d;W Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fisAk;
jhf;fy; nra;Js;sJ.
12.2 mwpf;ifapLk; epWtdq;fspd; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fs;
2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; mwpf;ifapLk; epWtdq;fs; gzk;
J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaply; vd;gdtw;wpd;
,lHNeHTfSf;Fs;shFk; jd;ik kw;Wk; epjprhH nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;
rl;lk; kw;Wk; Vida tpjpfs; kw;Wk; epjpapay; cstwpjy;
- 2013
gFjp II
gphptpdhy; tpLf;fg;gl;l gzpg;GiufSf;F ,zq;fpnahOfhik

vd;gdtw;iw kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf mtw;wpd; kPJ ,Ugj;jhW
ghPl;rpg;Gf;fis elj;jpaJ. ,jd; ngWNgwhf> fz;lwpag;gl;l
,zq;fhik njhlHgpy; MW epjp epWtdq;fspd; kPJ &.2.9
kpy;ypad; nfhz;l jz;lk; tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ.
12.3 Vida eltbf;iffs;
(m)

Ghpe;JzHT xg;ge;jq;fspy; ifnahg;gkply;:

epjprhH nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghl;L
epajpfSf;fpzq;f>
Iaj;jpw;Fhpa
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;
njhlHghf Gydha;T nra;tjw;Fk; tof;Fj; njhLg;gjw;Fkhd
Nehf;fq;fspd; nghUl;L jfty;fisAk;> Gydha;tpidAk;
gfpHe;J nfhs;tjw;F trjpaspf;Fk; xU nghwpKiwahf
epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphpT ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; ag;ghd;
epjpapay; cstwpjy; ikak;> nygdhd; rpwg;G Gydha;Tfs;
Mizf;FO kw;Wk; Nfh];lhhpf;fh kw;Wk; nld;khHf; epjpapay;
cstwpjy; gphpTfs; vd;gdtw;Wld; ehd;F Ghpe;JzHT
xg;ge;jq;fspy; ifnaOj;jpl;lJ. ,jw;fika> mj;jifa
ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l Ghpe;JzHT xg;ge;jq;fspd; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;if 2013 ,Wjpapy; 24 ,w;F mjpfhpj;jJ.
(M) xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; fl;likg;gpy; Vw;gl;l Kd;Ndw;wk;:

gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpapliy xopj;jy; vd;gd kPjhd gd;dhl;L epakq;fs; kw;Wk;
rpwe;j eilKiwfspd; khw;wq;fSld; ,ire;J nry;Yk;
tpjj;jpy; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; fl;likg;gpid NkYk;
tYg;gLj;Jfpd;w Nehf;Fld;> epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphptpd; rl;l
kPsha;Tf; FOtpd; MNyhridAld; 2005Mk; Mz;bd; 25Mk;
,yf;f gaq;futhjp epjpaspg;gpid xLf;Fjy; kPjhd rkthar;
rl;lj;jpw;F> Fwpg;ghf 'gaq;futhjp" kw;Wk; 'gaq;futhjpr;
rl;lk;" Mfpa tiutpyf;fzq;fis cs;slf;Ftjw;fhf mNef
jpUj;jq;fs; nra;ag;gl;ld. NkYk;> epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphpT
epjpapay; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; mwpf;ifaply; rl;lj;jpd;
epajpfSf;fpzq;f mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l ehza khw;WeHfSf;F
cq;fs; thbf;ifahsHfisj; njhpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs; kw;Wk;
thbf;ifahsiu neUf;fkhf mtjhdpAq;fs; njhlHghd
tpjpfis tpLj;jJ.
(,) epWtd hPjpahf ,ayhw;wiyf;
tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;:

fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
kw;Wk;
gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F epjpaply;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;
vd;gdtw;iwf;
fz;Lgpbj;jy;>
mwpf;ifaply; kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T nra;jy; vd;gd njhlHghd
tpopg;GzHtpid mjpfhpf;Fk; njhlHr;rpahd Kaw;rpfshf
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; 36 tpopg;GzHT gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
elj;jg;gl;ld. chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfs;> chpkk;
ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs;> chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;
fk;gdpfs;> ,yq;ifg; nghyp];> fy;tp rhHe;j kw;Wk; nghJ
epWtdq;fspypUe;J 2>540 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l gq;Nfw;ghsHfs;
fye;J nfhz;ldH. mTj;jpNuypahtpd; epjpapay; cstwpjy;
gphpthd mTj;jpNuypa nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; mwpf;ifaply;
kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T epjpaj;jplkpUe;J ngw;w cjtpAld;
mj;jifa
ehd;F
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
elj;jg;gl;ld.
NkYk; epjpapay; cstwpjy; gphpT> Nky;ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfs;
rq;fj;jpd; xj;Jiog;Gld; caH ePjpkd;wq;fspd; khz;GkpF
ePjpgjpfSf;F rpwg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis elj;jpaJ.
(<) gd;dhl;L cwTfs;:

(i) vf;kd;l;
FOkk;:
epjpapay;
cstwpjy;
gphpT
Gydha;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk;> cWg;G ehLfspd;
Gydha;T kPjhd rhd;Wfisj; jpul;bf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
cWg;G ehLfis xd;wpizg;gjw;Fkhf cyfshtpa
hPjpapy; 132 epjpapay; cstwpjy; (2013.12.31,y;
cs;sthW) gphpTfisf; nfhz;l rq;fkhd vf;kd;l;
FOtpd; cWg;gpdHfsplkpUe;J cjtpfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;lJ.
(ii) gzk; J}ajhf;fy; kPjhd Mrpa gRgpf; FOkk;: gzk;
J}ajhf;fy; njhlHghf> Mrpa gRgpf; FOkj;jpd; epWtd
cWg;gpdnud;w Kiwapy; ,yq;if> 2013 A+iyapy;
gFjp II - 86
rPdhtpy; eilngw;w 16MtJ Mz;Lf; $l;lj;jpYk; 2013

nrj;njk;ghpy; nkhq;Nfhypahtpy; eilngw;w ,yhgkw;w
mikg;Gf;fs; Jiw kw;Wk; cz;ikahd ehzaq;fspd;
ghjpf;fg;glf; $ba jd;ikfis ikakhff; nfhz;l
16MtJ Mz;L kuGhpikfs; kw;Wk; ,ayhw;wiyf;
fl;bnaOg;Gk; nraykHtpYk; fye;J nfhz;lJ. 2013
A+iyapy; eilngw;w Mz;Lf; $l;lj;jpy; ,yq;if
20162018 fhyg;gFjpf;fhd Mrpa gRgpf; FOkj;jpd;
Row;rp Kiwapy; ,izj; jiyik ehlhfTk; 2017,y;
eilngWk; Mz;Lf; $l;lj;jpw;Fk; mDruiz toq;Fk;
ehlhfTk; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J ,yq;ifapd;
gzk; J}ajhf;fYf;nfjpuhd kw;Wk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
epjpapLtjw;nfjpuhd fl;likg;gpid ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
gd;dhl;L KjyPl;lhsH ek;gpf;ifapid Nkk;gLj;Jk;
nghUl;L cyfshtpa epakq;fSld; ngUkstpw;F
,zq;fpr;nry;Yk;
jd;ikf;Fk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fnjhU
epfo;thf mikAk;.
13. epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;L Ma;Tfs;

epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;bid NgZtJ> ehzatpjpr;
rl;lj;jpd;gb kj;jpatq;fpapd; ,uz;L ikaf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fspy;
xd;whFk;. epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;L Ma;Tfs; jpizf;fsk;
njhlHGila Muha;r;rpfis elj;Jjy; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G
njhopw;ghLfspd; %yk; ,f; Fwpf;NfhSf;F trjpaspj;J
tUfpd;wJ.
epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;L Ma;Tfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Kf;fpa
njhopw;ghLfs; epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;Lj; Jiwapy; Muha;r;rpfis
Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;>
Nguz;l
Kd;kjpAila
fz;fhzpg;Gf;
fl;likg;gpD}lhf epjpapay; Kiwikapyhd ,lHNeHTfisAk;
ghjpf;ff;$ba
jd;ikfisAk;
kjpg;gpLjy;>
mj;jifa
Muha;r;rpfs; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; nghUj;jkhd
nfhs;if topKiwfis Kd;nkhopjy; kw;Wk; nfhs;if tFg;NghH
kw;Wk; MHtyHfspilNa epjpapay; cWjpg;ghL njhlHghd
tpopg;GzHtpid Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.
13.1 ,t;thz;bd; eltbf;iffs;
(m) Muha;r;rp
2013 Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; 05 Muha;r;rp Ma;Tfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,e;j Ma;TfshdJ jq;f tpiy
,lHNeHTf;F tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; tq;fpay;yh epjpapay;
epWtdq;fs; cs;shFk; jd;ik> ,yq;ifapd; fk;gdp gLfld;
re;ij mgptpUj;jp: gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s re;ijfspd; xg;gPL>
tq;fpfspd; nraw;glhf; fld;fs; kPjhd Nguz;l nghUshjhu
khwpfspd; jhf;fq;fs;> Kiwapay; epjpapay; re;ij
cl;fl;likg;G kPjhd Ma;Tf; fl;likg;G kw;Wk; <l;L epjp
kw;Wk; EfHNthH nfhLfld; vd;gtw;wpd; kjpg;gPL: epjpapay;
cWjpg;ghL kPjhd jhf;fk; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.
(M) Nguz;l - Kd;kjpAila fz;fhzpg;G
Nguz;l - Kd;kjpAila fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo;> fPo;tUk; gzpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
(i) Kf;fpa
epjpapay;
kw;Wk;
epjpapay;
my;yhj
epWtdq;fspd; MNuhf;fpaj;ij fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhf
fhyhe;ju mbg;gilapy; tq;fpj;njhopy;> tq;fpay;yh>
epjpapay; re;ijfs; kw;Wk; fk;gdpj; Jiwfspd;
epjpapay; Mw;wy; Fwpfhl;bfis njhFj;jy;.
(ii) epjpapay; Jiw njhlHghd midj;Jj; JiwfspYk;
fhzg;gl;l mgptpUj;jpfs;> ,lHNeHTfs; kw;Wk;
ghjpf;ff;$ba jd;ikfs; vd;gtw;iw Kf;fpakhff;
fhl;Lk; epjpapay; Jiw ,lNeHT kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;iffis
fpukkhd Kiwapy; epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;Lf;
FOtpw;F rkHgpj;jy;.
(iii)
ehzar;
rigf;F
%d;W
rigg;
gj;jpuq;fs;
rkHgpf;fg;gl;ld. ,it> jq;fj;jpd; tpiyapy; Vw;gl;l
jsk;gy;fSf;F tq;fp> epjpapay; kw;Wk; Fj;jif
fk;gdpfs;
,lHNeHTf;Fs;shFk;
jd;ik
kw;Wk;
jq;fj;jpd;
tpiyahdJ
mz;ikf;
fhyq;fspy;
- 2013
gFjp II

tPo;r;rpaile;jikahy; Vw;gl;l jhf;fk;> epjpapay;
Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;L Fwpfhl;bfs; kw;Wk; epjpapay;
Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;L MNyhridf; FOtpdhy;
Kd;nkhopag;gl;l
Kd;nkhopTfs;
Nghd;wtw;iw
cs;slf;fpapUe;jd.
(iv) fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd;

nfhLfld; ,lHNeHT> re;ij ,lHNeHT kw;Wk;
jputj;jd;ik ,lHNeHT mjpHTfSf;fhf czHjpwd;
gFg;gha;tpid
gad;gLj;jp
mOj;jg;
ghPl;rpg;G
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
(v) fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy;> jdpahH tq;fpfSf;fhf FOkj;
juTfSld; $ba nfhLfld; ,lHNeHT khjphpiag;
gad;gLj;jp Nguz;l mOj;jg; ghPl;rpg;G Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L
tUfpd;wJ.
13.2 gq;fspg;G
(m) epjpapay; Jiw ,lHNeHTfisj; jzpg;gjw;F trjpaspj;jy;
(I) tpNrlkhf epjpapay; mwpf;ifaplypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
nrhj;J kjpg;gPl;bYs;s Kuz;ghLfis ftdj;jpy;
nfhz;L kjpg;gPl;L jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if
kjpg;gPl;lhsHfs; epWtdk; vd;gtw;wpd; mYtyHfSld;
fye;Jiuahly;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
(II) tpahghuj;jpd; kPJ jlq;fy;fis my;yJ vjpHkiwahd
jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk; rl;lq;fis milahsk;
fhZfpd;w rhj;jpaf;$w;wpid ghPl;rpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld;
,yq;ifapYs;s epjpapay; Jiwfspd; rl;lq;fSld;
njhlHGila
rl;l
epWtdq;fSlDk;
KjyPl;L
tq;fpfSlDk; fye;Jiuahly;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld.
(vi) xt;nthU ,lHNeHT njhlHghd msTkl;lq;fis

milahsk; fhz;gjw;F fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy;
mOj;jg; ghPl;rpg;G msTfs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld. mjhtJ>
%yjdg;NghJik tpfpjj;jpd; Njitahd kl;lj;jpw;F
fPohf NkYnkhU tq;fp nry;tjid J}z;Lfpd;w
mjpHT kl;lkhFk;.
(M)
(vii) tq;fpj;njhopy; Mw;wy; Rl;nlz; fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy;

,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
14. MSeH nrayfk;
(viii)
gzk; kw;Wk; Kwp> gq;Fhpik %yjdk; kw;Wk;
ntspehl;L
nryhtzp
re;ijfs;
vd;gtw;wpd;
cWjpg;ghl;bid kjpg;gpLtjw;fhd epjpapay; re;ij
cWjpg;ghl;L Fwpfhl;bahdJ khjhe;j mbg;gilapy;
,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
(ix)
,iw> cz;ik> ehzak; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lj;
Jiwfs; Nghd;w Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu Jiwfspd;
cWjpg;ghl;ilAk;
mNjNghd;W
cyfshtpa
#oiyAk; fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy; kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf
Nguz;lg;
nghUshjhu
cWjpg;ghl;L
Fwpfhl;b
(x) ehl;bd; epjapay; cWjpg;ghL njhlHghd nghJthd
Njhw;wg;ghL xd;wpid toq;Ftjw;fhf ifj;njhopy;
Mw;wy; Rl;nlz;> epjpapay; re;ij cWjpg;ghl;Lf;
Fwpfhl;b> kw;Wk; Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu cWjpg;ghl;L
Fwpfhl;b vd;gtw;iw gad;gLj;jp njhFf;fg;gl;l
fyg;Gf;
Fwpahl;bahd
epjpapay;
Kiwik
cWjpg;ghl;Lf; Fwpfhl;b fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy;
(xi) nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fg; ghptHj;jidapy; gl;bayplg;gl;l
fk;gdpfs;
Kwptilaf;$ba
rhj;jpaq;fis
kjpg;gpLtjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapYs;s fk;gdpj;Jiwapd;
nfhLfld; ek;gfj; jd;ikapid gFg;gha;T nra;Ak;
fk;gdpj;Jiw nfhLfld; ek;gfj;jd;ik Fwpfhl;b
fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy; ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
(,) ntspaPLfs;
2012w;fhd tUlhe;j epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;L
kPsha;T> 2013 Vg;gpwypy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. epjpapay; Kiwik
cWjpg;ghl;L jpizf;fskhdJ Mz;lwpf;if - 2012 ,y;
cs;s 'epjpapay; Jiw nrayhw;wk; kw;Wk; Kiwik
cWjpg;ghL"
vDk;
mj;jpahaj;ijAk;>
mz;ikf;fhy
nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; - 2013 ,y; cs;s epjpapay; Jiw
mgptpUj;jpfs; kw;Wk; cWjpj;jd;ik vDk; mj;jpahaj;ijAk;
jahhpg;gjpy; xj;Jiog;G toq;fpAs;sJ.
(<) epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL kPjhd FOf;fis
xUq;fpizj;jy;
epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;L Ma;Tfs; jpizf;fsk; cs;sff;
FOthd epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;Lf;FO kw;Wk;
jdpahH JiwapypUe;jhd Ml;fis cs;slf;fpa epjpapay;
Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;L MNyhridf;FO Mfpa ,uz;L
epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;Lf; FOf;fspd; nrayfkhf njhlHe;Jk;
gzpahw;wpaJ.
gFjp II - 87
epjpapay; re;ij mgptpUj;jpfSf;F trjpaspj;jy;
(I) fk;gdp gLfld; re;ij mgptpUj;jpf;fhf epakpf;fg;gl;l

epjpapay;
Kiwik
cWjpg;ghl;L
MNyhrid
FOtpd; cgFO njhlHghd gy;NtW $l;lq;fs;
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;ld.
Mz;Lf;
fhyg;gFjpapy;
vd;Wkpy;yhjthW
khw;wkile;J
tUfpd;w epjpapay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu #oYf;F kj;jpapYk;
MSeUf;fhd tphpthd njhopw;ghl;L kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g
cjtpfis MSeH nrayfj; jpizf;fsk; toq;fpaJ. MSeH
nrayfj; jpizf;fskhdJ mjd; gzpfis rpwe;j Kiwapy;
Mw;wpa Ntisapy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu ,yf;Ffs; kPJk;
ftdk; nrYj;jpaJ. ,jd;gb rthyhd nghUshjhu ,yf;Ffis
miltjpy; Kf;fpa ftdk; nrYj;Jk;. MSehpd; ,yf;Ffspd;
R%fkhd njhopw;ghl;il ,ayr; nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; caHju
nrayfg; gzpfs;> epUthf cjtpfs; kw;Wk; cgruizg; gzpfs;
Nghd;w gzpfs; MSeUf;F toq;fg;gl;ld.
Mz;L
KOtJk;
MSehpd;
epfo;r;rp
epuyhdJ
ngUk;
vz;zpf;ifapyhd
ntspehl;L
mNjNghy;
cs;ehl;L
cj;jpNahfG+Ht re;jpg;Gf;fs;> $l;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida epfo;Tfs;
Nghd;wtw;why; KOikahf epiwe;jpUe;jJld; MSeH nrayfj;
jpizf;fskhdJ fhj;jpukhd njhlHG+l;ly; kw;Wk; njhlHghd
jug;gpdUldhd gpd;njhlH eltbf;iffspD}lhf mtw;wpidr;
rPuhf ml;ltizaplf; $bajhftpUe;jJ. NkYk;> MSehpd;
mwpTWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; vjpHghHf;iffSf;Nfw;g MSeUf;Fj;
Njitahd Mtzq;fs;> fhl;rpg;gLj;jYld; $ba tphpTiufs;>
ciufs;> Kf;fpa nrhw;nghopTf; Fwpg;Gf;fs;> Fwpg;Gf;fs;>
fbjj; njhlHGfs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jahhpj;J njhFj;jypd; %yk;
MSeUf;fhd nrayf cjtpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
tq;fpj;njhopy;> epjp kw;Wk; nghUshjhu JiwfspYs;s cs;ehl;L
kw;Wk; cyfshtpa gq;Nfw;ghsHfSldhd njhlHgpid cUthf;fpg;
NgZjyhdJ MSeH nrayfj; jpizf;fskhdJ mjd; gzpfis
kpfTk; fhj;jpukhd Kiwapy; nrayhw;Wtjw;F kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
Fwpg;ghf> ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Njhw;wk; ngw;WtUk; nghUshjhu
ehlhf ,yq;if Gfo;ngw;W tUtjidf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;ifapy;
cyfshtpa ,izj;jug;Gf;fSldhd cwTKiwfisg; NgZtJ
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; MSeH nrayfj;
jpizf;fskhdJ cyfshtpa KjyPl;lhsHfSld; fpukkhd
mbg;gilapy; xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,ize;J nraw;gl Ntz;bapUe;j
mNjNtis> mtHfSf;F ek;gfkhd jfty;fis toq;FtJld;
mtHfs; MSeiur; re;jpg;gjw;fhd $l;lq;fisAk; xOq;F nra;a
Ntz;bapUe;jJ. mt;thW nra;Ak; nghOJ> njhiyNgrp kw;Wk;
fhnzhsp khehLfs;> njhiyNgrp kw;Wk; fhnzhsp NeHfhzy;>
cyfshtpa KjyPl;lhsH jsq;fspy; fzdp top mNj Neuj;jpyhd
fye;Jiuahly;fs; cs;spl;l tsHe;JtUk; etPd njhlHghly;
Kiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
MSeH nrayfj; jpizf;fskhdJ tq;fp kw;Wk; ,izf;fg;gl;l
epWtdq;fspd;
xl;Lnkhj;jj;
njhopw;ghLfs;
njhlHghd
Ghpe;JzHitg; NgZtijj; njhlHe;jJld;> ,j;jifa gpd;dzpia
MSehpd; fbjj; njhlHGfis tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwapy;
ifahs;tjw;Fg;
gad;gLj;jpaJ.
,g;gzpfs;
MSeUf;fhf
cs;tUk; kw;Wk; ntspr;nry;Yk; ngUksthd njhiyj;njhlHG
- 2013
gFjp II
miog;Gf;fs;> mQ;ry;> kpd;dQ;ry; Nghd;wtw;iwf; ifahs;tij
cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. ,j;jifa gzpfis Mw;Wifapy;> gy;NtW
topKiwfspD}lhfg;
ngwg;gl;l
jftyhdJ
nghUj;jkhd
RUf;fg;gl;l tbtpy; MSeUf;F toq;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld.
MSeH nrayfj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; kw;WnkhU Kf;fpa

gzpahdJ MSeH kw;Wk; MSehpdJk; tq;fpapdJkhf
kpf Kf;fpa tpUe;jpdHfSf;Fj; Njitahd cgruizg;
gzpfis ifahs;tjhFk;. mj;jifa gzpfs; 24 kzp
NeuKk; toq;fg;gl;lJld; MSehpdJk; ehzar;rigapdJk;
ek;gfj;jd;ikapid
cWjpg;gLj;Jk;
tpjj;jpYk;
mit
mike;jpUe;jd. NkYk;> MSeH nrayfj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
cgruizg; gzpfs; toq;fg;gLifapy; caHe;j fz;zpakhd
jd;ik Ngzg;gl;lJld;> ,J tq;fpapd; ed;kjpg;ig caHj;Jtjw;Fk;
cjtpaJ. cgruizg; gzpfs; gpujhdkhf cs;ehL kw;Wk;
ntspehl;Lf;fhd MSehpd; mYty;rhH gpuahzq;fs; kw;Wk;
MSeH kw;Wk; Jiz MSeHfspdhy; mDruiz toq;fg;gl;l
epfo;Tfs; njhlHgpy; fhj;jpukhd xOq;Ffis cWjpg;gLj;Jtij
cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy;> MSeH nghUshjhu
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Fwpg;gpl;l ,lq;fis ghHitapLtjw;F
gy fstp[aq;fis Nkw;nfhz;lhH. MSeH caHkl;l gd;dhl;L
khehLfs;> KjyPl;lhsH gpur;rhuq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpid cs;slf;fpa
gy;NtW ntspehl;L epfo;Tfspy; MSeH gq;Nfw;wJld; Kjd;ikg;
Ngr;rhsuhfTk; gpujk tpUe;jpduhfTk;> mYtyHfs; $l;lq;fspYk;
fye;Jnfhz;lhH. NkYk;> MSeH nrayfj; jpizf;fskhdJ
MSehpd; gy ,ilj;njhlHGfis trjpg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy;
ngUksthd fhiyAzT> kjpaczT kw;Wk; ,uT czTf;
$l;lq;fisAk; xOq;FgLj;jpaJ. mNjNeuk;> MSeH nrayfj;
jpizf;fsk; tq;fpapd; Vida jpizf;fsq;fspd; epfo;Tfis
xOq;F nra;tjw;Fk; cjtpaJ.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fs; jtpu> ehl;bd; eydpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngw;wJk; mtrukhd tplaq;fSld; njhlHghdJkhd tplaq;fs;
MSeH
nrayfj;
jpizf;fsj;jhy;
caH
Kd;Dhpik
mbg;gilapy; ftdpf;fg;gl;ld.
15. kdpj tsq;fs; Kfhikj;Jtk;
njhopw;re;ijapy; NrHe;j kpfj; jpwik tha;e;j GjpatHfisf;
ftHe;J nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; mtHfspd; gzpapidj; jf;f
itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; Vw;fdNtAs;s mYtyHfspd;
njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; Gyikfspd; ,aysit caHj;Jtjw;fhfTk;
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; njhiyNehf;F kw;Wk; gzpapid milAk;
tpjj;jpy; mYtyiu Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhfTk; 2013,y; rpy
Gjpa nfhs;iffisAk; eilKiwfisAk; kdpj tsq;fs;
jpizf;fsk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. kdpjtsj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
cghaf; Fwpf;Nfhs; Kf;fpakhf> Njhw;wk; ngw;WtUfpd;w
rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapYk; tq;fpapd; ikaf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis
va;Jtjw;Fg; gq;fspf;ff;$ba caHe;j cw;gj;jpwDk; nraY}
f;fKk; Kaw;rpAld; $ba FOthfr; nraw;gLk; CopaHfspd;
fpilg;gdtpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; kpFe;j ftdj;jpidr;
nrYj;jpaJ. kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; cghaf; Fwpf;Nfhspid
va;Jk; tpjj;jpy; mjdhy; Mw;wg;gl;l Kf;fpa njhopw;ghLfshf
gapw;rpaspj;jy; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp> nrayhw;w Kfhikj;Jtk;>
njhlHr;rpahd jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; gjtp caHTfs;> Ml;NrHg;G>
njhopy;Kiw khw;W kw;Wk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; cghaj;
jpl;lkplYld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy; midj;J cs;sf
MHtyHfSlDk; neUf;fkhd cwT Kiwfisg; NgZjy;
vd;gd fhzg;gl;ld.
15.1 kdpj tsq;fs; mikg;G
2013 ,Wjpapy; tq;fpapd; nkhj;j kdpj ts %yjdk; 1>550
CopaHfshf mike;J 692 caH tFg;G mYtyHfisAk; 693
caH tFg;G my;yhj mYtyHfisAk; 163 rpw;W}opaHfisAk; 02
xg;ge;j mbg;gilapyhd mYtyHfisAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.
2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; 32 caH tFg;G mYtyHfSk; 18
caH tFg;G my;yhj CopaHfSk; Xa;T ngw;wJld; 4 CopaHfs;
tq;fpg; gzpapypUe;J ,uh[pdhkhr; nra;jdH.
2013 jpnrk;gH 31,y; tq;fpg; gzpapYs;s CopanuhUthpd; ruhrhp
taJ> Kd;ida Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l 42 taJld;
gFjp II - 88
tiuglk; II-3
2013.12.31 ,y; cs;sthW mYtyHfspd;

cs;sikg;G
rpw;opah;fs;
163
10.52%
xg;ge;jk;
2
0.13%
mYtyh;fs; tFg;G
692
44.64%
mYtyh;fs; my;yh
tFg;G
693
44.71%
xg;gpLifapy; 40 tajpw;F NkYk; Fiwtile;jJ. ,jw;F 23

tajpw;Fk; Fiwthd tajpidf; nfhz;l tq;fpj;njhopy;
cjtpahsHfspd; (gapw;WeHfs;) Gjpa njhFjpapdH Ml;NrHg;Gr;
nra;ag;gl;likNa fhuzkhFk;. 2013,d; ,Wjpapy; tq;fpapd; nkhj;j
CopaHfspy; 53.3 rjtPjj;jpdH 40 tajpw;Fk; Fiwe;jtHfshff;
fhzg;gl;ldH.

tq;fpapd; 27 jpizf;fsq;fSf;Fk; 5 khfhz mYtyfq;fSf;Fk;
jifikAk; jFjpAk; tha;e;j CopaHfs; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jdH.
mtHfs; mtHfSf;nfd jpizf;fsq;fspd; gy;NtW tifahd
NtiyfisAk;
ifahSk;
,ayhw;wy;
nfhz;ltHfshff;
fhzg;gl;ldH. caH tFg;G mYtyHfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifapy;
Vwj;jho 83 rjtPjkhNdhH KjyhtJ gl;lg;gbg;G> gl;lg;gpd;
gbg;Gg; gl;lk; my;yJ njhopy;rhHepGzj;Jtj; jifikapidf;
nfhz;bUe;jdH. 2013 jpnrk;gH ,Wjpapy;> ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpAld; njhlHghd tplaq;fSld; njhlHGila Jiwfspy;
mj;jifa jifikfisf; nfhz;l mYtyHfspd; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;if 646 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ. mtHfspy; 19 mYtyHfs;
2013,y; KJtpQ;Qhdkhzpg; gl;lj;jpidg; ngw;wpUe;jdH. ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp jpizf;fsq;fspd; Ie;J nfhj;jzpfspilNaAk;
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l 646 CopaHfSk; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s
jd;ikapid fPNoAs;s ml;ltiz II-14 fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
15.2 kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs;
(m) gapw;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpfs;
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ika Jizj; njhopw;ghLfSld; njhlHGgl;l
Jiwfspy; Vw;gLfpd;w etPd njhopy;El;g khw;wq;fs; kPjhd
mwptpid ,w;iwg;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; kw;iwa ehLfspd;
mDgtq;fis gfpHe;J nfhs;tjd; %yKk; mjd; CopaHfspd;
Njitahd jFjpfis Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk;
nrayhw;wj;jpidAk; cw;gj;jpj;jpwidAk; caHj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy;
Mfpa mjd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fis va;Jk; nghUl;L mjd;
CopaHfSf;F kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk; 2013,Yk; gapw;rp
kw;Wk; NjHr;rp mgptpUj;jp tha;g;Gf;fSf;fhd Vw;ghLfisj;
njhlHe;Jk; toq;fpaJ. 1949Mk; Mz;bd; 58Mk; ,yf;f ehza
tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; 27Mk; gphptpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l mjpfhuq;fspd;gb
mj;jifa gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; nrytpdq;fs; kj;jpa
tq;fpapdhy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gl;lJ.
(i) FWq;fhyg; gapw;rp
cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;L FWq;fhyg; gapw;rp tha;g;G
Vw;ghLfspd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs; ahnjdpy; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; mYtyHfspdJ NjHr;rpiaAk; jFjpfisAk; mgptpUj;jp
nra;tNjahFk;. toik Nghd;W> Kd;ida Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jifikfhz; jpl;lkply; gapw;rpapD}lhf
- 2013
gFjp II
ml;ltiz II - 13
kdpjts mikg;G - 2013.12.31,y; cs;sthW

CopaHfspd;
vz;zpf;if
CopaHfspd; tiffs;
(1) caH mYtyH tFg;G

(i) juk; IV ck; mjw;F NkYk;
(ii) juk; III.2
(iii) juk; III.1
(iv) juk; II
(v) juk; I
(vi) Kfhikj;Jtg; gapYeHfs;
(2) caH mYtyH my;yhNjhH tFg;G
(i) juk; V
(ii) juk; IV
(iii) juk; III
(iv) juk; II
(v) juk; I
(vi) tq;fpj;njhopy; cjtpahsHfs;
(3) rpw;WhopaH juk;
(i) juk; I, II kw;Wk; III
(4) xg;ge;j mbg;gilapyhd CopaHfs;
nkhj;jk;
fy;tp/ njhopy;rhHepGzj;Jt jifikfs;
ruhrhp
taJ
Mz; ngz; nkhj;jk; (Mz;L)
Kjw;gl;lk;
kw;Wk;
Kjw;
njhopy;rhH gl;lk;
epGzj;Jt
jifikfs;
njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jt
jifikfs;
54
52
13
101
93
38
16
18
25
116
130
36
70
70
38
217
223
74
54
51
47
43
43
28
13
06
01
21
05
02
47
43
12
33
11
01
03
01
01
04
03
0
04
01
04
20
31
19
03
18
19
98
60
47
0
0
0
09
26
05
26
20
46
107
36
278
101
56
50
53
33
44
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
01
0
0
0
0
01
0
0
0
0
08
0
0
11
0
32
0
0
04
02
13
0
01
0
0
148
0
0
13
0
0
87
01
0
289
0
01
61
67
31
150
94
40
05
128
07
90
125
22
150
01
905
13
01
645
163
02
1550
35
59
40
0
0
48
35
milahsk; fhzg;gl;l jFjpfhz; ,ilntspfspd; mbg;gilapy;

2013Mk; Mz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk;
gapw;rpj;
jpl;lq;fisj;
jahhpj;jJ.
FWq;fhy
cs;ehl;L
kw;Wk; ntspehl;L gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; milahsk; fhzg;gl;l
jFjpfhz; ,ilntspfisf; Fiwf;Fk; Nehf;Fldhd gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSf;F ,ire;j tpjj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;ld. 2013Mk;
Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; toq;fg;gl;l FWq;fhy cs;ehl;L kw;Wk;
ntspehl;L gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 2>343 MFk;.
(ii) FWq;fhy ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l gapw;rp epWtdq;fs;> bA+r; Gz;l]; tq;fp> ,e;jpa
wpNrHt; tq;fp> kNyrpa nefuh tq;fp> ngluy; wpNrHt; tq;fp
Nghd;w kj;jpa tq;fpfs;> g.eh.epjpak;> njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa
tq;fpfs;> gd;dhl;L jPHg;gdtpw;fhd tq;fp> cyf tq;fp> Mrpa
mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> Mrpa kw;Wk; gRgpf; gpuhe;jpa Ntshz;ikf;
fld; mikg;G Ntshz;ik tq;fpj;njhopYf;fhd gapw;rp kw;Wk;
Muha;r;rp ikak; Nghd;w gd;dhl;L epjpaply; KftHfs; kw;Wk;
Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; elj;jg;gl;l ntspehl;Lg;
gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;>
nraykHTfs;>
Ma;tuq;Ffs;
kw;Wk; ghHitaply; Nghd;wtw;wpy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;
ml;ltiz II - 14
gl;lg;gpd;
gl;lg;gpd; gl;lg;gpd;
gbg;G,
gbg;G kw;Wk; gbg;G kw;Wk;
Kjw;gl;lk;
Kjw;
njhopy;rhH
kw;Wk;
gl;lk;
epGzj;Jt
njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jt
jifikfs;
jifikfs;
CopaHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld. 2013,y; toq;fg;gl;l ntspehl;L

gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 324 Mf ,Ue;jJ.
2013,y; toq;fg;gl;l ntspehl;L gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fspd; tpguq;fis
fPNoAs;s ml;ltiz II - 15 fhl;LfpwJ.
FWq;fhy
ntspehl;Lg;
gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd;
gq;Nfw;ghsHfSf;F> tq;fpapd; xl;Lnkhj;j nrayhw;wj;jpw;F
gq;Nfw;ghsHfspdhy; nra;ag;glf;$ba ngWkjp$l;ly;fis kjpg;gpLk;
nghUl;L> gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspD}lhf mtHfspdhy; ngwg;gl;l
mwptpidAk; ntspg;gLj;jy;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp epiwT nra;ag;gl
Ntz;ba gy;NtW tifahd xg;gilfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. 2013,y;
gq;Nfw;ghsHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l 112 xg;gilfspy; 101 xg;gilfs;
epiwT nra;ag;gl;ld. Vwj;jho 40 xg;gilfs; tq;fpapd; jw;Nghija
nrad;Kiwfis Nkk;gLj;JtJld; Neubahf njhlHGgl;litahf
my;yJ
Gjpa
nrad;Kiwfis
mwpKfg;gLj;JtJld;
njhlHghditahf my;yJ tq;fpapd; xl;Lnkhj;j nrayhw;wj;jpid
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd eilKiwfSld; njhlHghditahf ,Ue;jd.
2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; ngWkjp$l;ly;fs; kw;Wk; epiwT
nra;ag;gl;l xg;gilfspd; tpguq;fs; fPNoAs;s ml;ltiz II -16
,y; njhFj;Jj; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Ie;J nfhj;jzpfspYs;s jpizf;fs CopaHfspd;

fy;tp njhopy;rhH jifikfspd; gfpHT
fy;tp/ njhopy;rhHepGzj;Jtj; jifikfs;
nfhj;jzp
nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; tpiy cWjpg;ghL

epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL
KftH njhopw;ghLfs;
ehza Kfhikj;Jtk;
Jizg; gzpfs; kw;Wk; Vidait
nkhj;jk;
gFjp II - 89
gl;lg;gpd; gbg;G,
Kjw;gl;lk; kw;Wk;
njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jtj;
jifikfs;
10
12
11
1
14
48
gl;lg;gpd;
gbg;G kw;Wk;
Kjw;
gl;lk;
39
24
24
4
57
148
gl;lg;gpd; gbg;G
kw;Wk;
njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jtj;
jifikfs;
3
3
4
3
13
Kjw;gl;lk;
kw;Wk;
Kjw; gl;lk;
njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jtj;
jifikfs;
16
42
27
12
1
31
87
njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jtj;
jifikfs;
48
73
11
115
289
5
22
7
2
25
61
- 2013
gFjp II
ml;ltiz II - 15
FWfpa ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; - 2013
gq;Nfw;
ghsHfspd;
vz;zpf;if
Jiw
nghUshjhuk;
66
epjpapay; cWjpg;ghL
xJf;F Kfhikj;Jtk;
nghJg;gLfld; Kfhikj;Jtk; nrhj;Jg;gl;bay;
Kfhikj;Jtk;
ehza Kfhikj;Jtk;
jfty; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT Kiwik
kj;jpa tq;fpj;njhopy;
kdpj ts Kfhikj;Jtk;
Vidait
nkhj;jk;
82
ml;ltiz II - 16
26
24
7
9
7
21
82
324
2013,y; FWq;fhy ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp

epfo;r;rpfspy; gq;Nfw;wtHfspdhy; epiwT
nra;ag;gl;l xg;gilfSk;
ngWjp$l;ly;fSk;
tif
xg;gilfspd;
vz;zpf;if
epjpapay; epWtdq;fspd; Nkw;ghHitf;fhd

topfhl;ly;fs;
23
mwptpidg; gfpHe;J nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk;

nghJkf;fs; tpopg;GzHT
38
Nfhl;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; ehL njhlHghd

Ma;Tfs;
14
Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; nra;Kiwfis

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Kd;nkhopTfs;
37
nkhj;jk;
112
(iii) FWq;fhy cs;ehl;Lg; gapw;rp

FWq;fhy
cs;ehl;Lg;
gapw;rpapd;
fPo;>
tq;fpj;njhopy;
fw;iffSf;fhd
Ma;Tepiyaj;jpdhYk;
kw;iwa
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l cs;ehl;L epWtq;fspdhYk; elj;jg;gl;l gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;F CopaHfSf;F tha;g;Gf;fs;
toq;fg;gl;ld. ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;> 2>019 FWq;fhy cs;ehl;Lg;
gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; toq;fg;gl;lJld; mtw;wpy; 1>330 tha;g;Gf;fs;
tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd Ma;Tepiyaj;jpdhYk; 689
tha;g;Gf;fs; Vida Gfo;kpf;f epWtfq;fspdhYk; toq;fg;gl;ld.
,g;gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; Kf;fpakhf nghUshjhuk;> tq;fp
Nkw;ghHit> epjp kw;Wk; %yjdr; re;ijfs;> Ez;ghf epjp>
jfty; njhopy;El;gk;> njhlHG+l;ly;> cs;sff; fzf;fha;T
kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gdtw;wpy; Kf;fpakhff; ftdk;
nrYj;jpapUe;jd.
xj;Jiog;Gld; 2013,y; jkpo;nkhop tFg;Gf;fs; njhlHe;Jk;

elj;jg;gl;ld. kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l
jkpo;nkhop tpthjk;> jkpo;nkhop tFg;Gf;fspy; gq;Nfw;wtHfs;
jkJ jkpo;nkhopj; NjHr;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;gpid
toq;fpaJ.
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Ie;J nfhj;jzpfspYKs;s mYtyHfSf;fhf
2013,y; toq;fg;gl;l FWq;fhy cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg;
gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fspd; guk;gy; fPNoAs;s tiuglk; II-4 ,y;
fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jw;fika> nkhj;j FWq;fhy gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fspy; 39 rjtPjkhdit
nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; tpiy cWjpg;ghL kw;Wk; epjpapay; Kiwik
cWjpg;ghl;L nfhj;jzpfspYs;s jpizf;fsq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld.
fPNoAs;s tiuglk; II-5 kw;Wk; II-6 vd;gd nghUshjhu kw;Wk;
tpiy cWjpg;ghl;Lf; nfhj;jzp kw;Wk; epjpapay; Kiwik
cWjpg;ghl;L nfhj;jzpapYs;s jpizf;fsq;fspilNaahd gapw;rp
tFg;Gf;fspd; gfpHe;jspg;gpidf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. nghUshjhuk;
kw;Wk; tpiy cWjpg;ghl;L nfhj;jzpf;fhf toq;fg;gl;l gapw;rp
tha;g;Gf;fspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifapy; 46 rjtPjkhdit
nghUshjhu Muha;r;rpj; jpizf;fs mYtyHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.
,NjNghd;W epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL nfhj;jzpf;F
toq;fg;gl;l nkhj;jg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fspy; 49 rjtPjkhdit
tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.
kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l gapw;rp trjpfSf;Fg;
Gwk;ghf> mNef jpizf;fsq;fs; mtHfsJ CopaHfspd;
mwpitAk;
NjHr;rpiaAk;
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
njhlHghd
jpizf;fsq;fSf;;Fs;NsNa mtHfspd; nrhe;j mwptpidg;
gfpHe;J nfhs;Sjy;> NjHr;rp mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp
eltbf;iffisj; njhlHe;Jk; eilKiwg;gLj;jpd.
(v) ePz;l fhyg; gapw;rp
ePz;l fhyg; gapw;rpapd; fPo;> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp caH gjtp
mYtyHfspd; Gyik ,aystpid Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;>
gl;lg;gpd; gbg;G fw;iffSf;fhd Gyikg; ghprpy;fis toq;fpaJ.
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;> kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk; ePz;l fhyg;
gapw;rpj; Njitfis toq;Ftjw;fhfj; jahhpf;fg;gl;l eLj;ju fhyj;
jpl;lnkhd;wpidj; njhlHe;Jk; eilKiwg;gLj;jpaJ. 2013,y;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;> If;fpa mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk;
mTj;jpNuypah Mfpa ehLfspYs;s Gfo;ngw;w gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy;
gpvr;b epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpidAk; KJkhzpg; gl;l epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fisAk; njhlHtjw;fhf KiwNa 6 mYtyHfSf;Fk; 11
mYtyHfSf;Fk; mDruiz toq;fpaJ. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l 17
mYtyHfspy; 13 mYtyHfs; jkJ Ma;Tfis nghUshjhuj;
Jiwapy; Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdH. ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;
19 mYtyHfs; jkJ KJkhzpg; gl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid
tiuglk; II-4
FWq;fhy gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; - 2013
ngUshjhu kw;Wk; tpiy

cWjpg;ghl;L nfhj;jzp
Jizr;Nritfs; nfhj;jzp
kw;Wk; Vidait
42%
(iv) nraykHT kw;Wk; nkhopg;gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;

CopaHfspd; rpwg;Gj; jFjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; Fwpf;NfhSld;>
kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk; 2013,y; kdpj ts Kfhikj;Jtk;> nkhop
kw;Wk; njhlHG+l;ly; kw;Wk; mwpf;if vOJjy; Mfpa Jiwfspy;
njhlHr;rpahd nraykHTfis xOq;F nra;jJ. 2013,y; xOq;F
nra;ag;gl;l mj;jifa 16 nraykHTfs; jiyikj;Jtk;> nraY}
f;fk;> njhlHG+l;ly; kw;Wk; mwpf;if vOJjy; Nghd;w Jiwfis
cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. jkpo; NgRk; r%fj;jpw;F kpf tpidj;jpwDs;s
Kiwapy; gzpfis toq;Ftjw;F tq;fp mYtyHfSf;F
trjpaspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; murfUk nkhopfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
gFjp II - 90
18%
epjpapay; Kiwik
cWjpg;ghl;L nfhj;jzp
21%
ehza Kfhikj;Jt nfhj;jzp
3%
Kfth; eltbf;iffs; nfhj;jzp

16%
- 2013
gFjp II

(M) nrayhw;w Kfhikj;Jtk;
nghUshjhu kw;Wk; tpiy cWjpg;ghl;L

nfhj;jzp
tiuglk; II-5
cs;ehl;L njhopw;ghLfs;
8%
Gs;sptpgutpay;
17%
ngUshjhu Muha;rr; p
46%
2013,y; kdpj tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; cghaj; jpl;lkplypy;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Neu epHzaj;jpid va;Jk; tpjj;jpy; 2012Mk;
Mz;bw;fhd midj;J CopaHfspdJk; nrayhw;w kjpg;gPl;bid
epiwT nra;Js;sJ. 2013Mk; Mz;bw;fhd jdpg;gl;l egH kw;Wk;
jpizf;fs hPjpahd ,yf;fpid epHzapf;fpd;w nrad;Kiwfs;
ml;ltizaplg;gl;lthW epiwT nra;ag;gl;ld.
gd;dhl;L njhopw;ghLfs;
29%
tiuglk; II-6
,jw;Fg; Gwk;ghf> nrayhw;w Kfhikj;Jt nrad;Kiwapid

NkYk; tYg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;> kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk;
eLthz;L nrayhw;wj;jpid kPsha;T nra;jJ. ,J njhlHghd
jug;gpdUf;F Mz;bd; Kjyiug; gFjpapy; mYtyf cWg;gpdhpd;
nrayhw;w kl;lk; gw;wpa mgpg;gpuhankhd;wpidg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;F re;jHg;gnkhd;wpid toq;FfpwJ. NkYk;> eLthz;L
nrayhw;w kPsha;T gjpNtLfs; mYtyf cWg;gpdHfspd;
tUlhe;jr; nrayhw;wj;jpid kjpg;gpLfpd;w topfhl;lnyhd;whf
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL nfhj;jzp
nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk;
jPhg
; g
; dTfs;
13%
epjpapay; Kiwik
fw;iffs;
5%
(,) njhlHr;rpahd jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; gjtp caHTfs;

tq;fp Nkw;ghh;it
49%
tq;fpay;yh epjp
epWtdq;fspd; Nkw;ghh;it
33%
ntw;wpfukhf epiwT nra;j gpd;dH tq;fpg; gzpf;F kPz;l

Ntisapy; 4 mYtyHfs; mtHfsJ gpvr;b gl;lj;jpid
epiwT nra;j gpd;dH 2014,y; tq;fpg; gzpf;F kPStH vd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Gyikg; ghprpy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;
2009 ,ypUe;J 2013 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; gl;lg;gpd; gbg;igj;
njhlHe;j mYtyHfspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; epiwT nra;j
mYtyHfspd; vz;zpf;if tpguq;fis fPNoAs;s ml;ltiz
II-17 fhl;LfpwJ.
ml;ltiz II-17
(<) Ml;NrHg;G
caH cw;gj;jpj;jpwDk; nraY}f;fKk; Kaw;rpAk; nfhz;l
mYtyHfspd;
fpilg;gdtpid
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;w
kdpj
tsj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; cgha Fwpf;Nfhspid va;JnkhU
topKiwahf>
njhopw;re;ijapy;
fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;s
kpfj;jpwd; tha;e;jtHfis <Hj;Jf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; tq;fpapd;
jFjp tha;e;j Njitg;ghLfis <Lnra;tjw;fhf tq;fpj;njhopy;
cjtpahsHfisf; nfhz;l Gjpa njhFjpapdiu Ml;NrHg;Gr; nra;a
2010
2011
2012
2013
njhlq;fp
epiwT
njhlq;fp
epiwT
njhlq;fp
epiwT
njhlq;fp
epiwT
njhlq;fp
epiwT
atHfs; nra;jtHfs; atHfs; nra;jtHfs; atHfs; nra;jtHfs; atHfs; nra;jtHfs; atHfs; nra;jtHfs;
KJkhzpg; gl;lk;
15
gpvr;b
gFjp II - 91
,yq;if
kj;jpa
tq;fpapd;
vjpHfhy
miw$ty;fisf;
ifahs;tjw;F
CopaHfspd;
gjtp
Kd;Ndw;wq;fspdJk;
njhlHr;rpahd jpl;lkplypdJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid mq;fPfhpf;fpd;w
tpjj;jpy; kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk;> gjtp caHTfspd; %yk;
tq;fpapd; midj;J Kf;fpa gjtpfspYk; fhzg;gl;l ntw;wplq;fis
epug;Gtjw;F trjpaspj;jJ. ,jd;gb> caH gjtp mYtyH juk;
III-1 ,y; ,Ue;j 13 mYtyHfs; 2013,y; jpizf;fs Jizj;
jiytHfshf gjtp caHj;jg;gl;ldH. NkYk;> caH tFg;G
my;yh juj;jpypUe;j CopaHfSf;F caH tFg;gpw;F gjtp caHT
toq;Ffpd;w gjtp caHT jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> caH gjtp my;yh
tFg;G juk; IV ,Yk; V ,Yk; ,Ue;j 26 mYtyHfs; caH tFg;G
juk; I ,w;F juKaHj;jg;gl;ldH. ntt;NtWgl;l tFg;gpypUe;j 199
CopaHfs; njhlHghd gjtp caHTg; gpukhzq;fSf;fikthf
mtHfsJ Nenuhj;j mLj;j juj;jpw;F gjtp caHj;jg;gl;ldH.
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Gyikg; ghprpy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; gl;lg;gpd; gbg;Gj; jifikfisj;
njhlq;fpa kw;Wk; epiwTnra;j mYtyHfspd; vz;zpf;if
2009
jFjp
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; nrayhw;w Kfhikj;Jt KiwikahdJ

Ntiy njhlHghd tpguzq;fis jahhpj;jy; kw;Wk; cgha
jpl;lkplYld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy; ,yf;fpid epHzapj;jy;>
njhlHr;rpahd mbg;gilapy; nrayhw;wj;jpidf; fz;fhzpj;jy;>
nrayhw;wj;jpid kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; rpwe;j nrayhw;wj;jpw;F
tpUJ toq;fy; vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;FfpwJ. nrayhw;w
kjpg;gPl;Lr; nrad;Kiwapy;> CopanuhUthpd; nrayhw;wk; ,yf;F
mwpf;ifapy; toq;fg;gl;l ,yf;Ffspd; milTfs; kw;Wk;
mj;jifa Copahpd; ,yf;Ffis va;Jtjw;F gq;fspj;j rpwg;Gj;
jFjpfspd; epajpfspy; kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. nrayhw;wj; jukply;fs;
gjtp caHtpid toq;Ftjw;fhd gpukhzf; $Wfspnyhd;whf
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
17
2
10
2
18
4
17
2
11
6
19
0
- 2013
gFjp II
eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jw;fika 125 NjHTehbfs;
2013 xj;NjhgH 16Mk; ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;FtUk; tpjj;jpy;
Ml;NrHg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;ldH. NkYk;> ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; tq;fpapd;
trjpfs; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F 9 Xl;LeHfSk; kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; mr;rfj;jpw;F ntl;LeuuhfTk; Gj;jfk; fl;LgtuhfTk;
njhopw;gLfpd;w xUtUk; Ml;NrHg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;ldH.
(c) Ntiyr; Row;rp
gy;NjHr;rpj; njhopw;gilapid mgptpUj;jp nra;tjidAk; tq;fpapd;
xl;Lnkhj;j cw;gj;jpj;jpwid caHj;JtjidAk; Fwpf;Nfhshff;
nfhz;L 2013,y; kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk; tUlhe;j Ntiyr;
Row;rp Kiwapidj; njhlHe;Jk; eilKiwg;gLj;jpaJ. ,jd;gb>
xNu jpizf;fsj;jpy; 5 Mz;Lfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;j my;yJ xNu
khfhz mYtyfj;jpy; 2 Mz;Lfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;j 90 mYtyf
cWg;gpdHfs; 2013 A+iy 1Mk; ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;FtUk;
tpjj;jpy; jpizf;fsq;fspd; jifikj; Njitg;ghLfs; kw;Wk;
jifikfs; kw;Wk; CopaHfspd; jifik kl;lq;fs; vd;gdtw;iwf;
ftdj;jpidf; nfhz;L 22 jpizf;fsq;fspilNaAk; 3 khfhz
mYtyfq;fspilNaAk; khw;wy; nra;ag;gl;ldH.
(C) njhopy;jUeH - CopaH cwTfs;
tq;fpapy; njhopy; nrsfd;aj;jpidg; NgZfpd;w trjp Vw;ghl;lhsH
vd;w hPjpapy; kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk; njhopw;rq;fq;fSf;Fk;
tq;fpapd;
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fkpilapy;
neUq;fpa
Ngr;RthHj;ijfis elj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffisj; njhlHe;Jk;
Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ,J njhlHghf kdpj tsj; jpizf;fsk;
NjitNaw;gLk;
Nghnjy;yhk;
njhopw;rq;fq;fs;
mtw;wpd;
gpur;ridfisf; fye;JiuahLtjw;fhf Kfhikj;Jtj;jpdiur;
re;jpg;gjw;F trjp nra;J nfhLj;jJ. ,jw;fika> 2013,y; 15
fye;Jiuahly;fs; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;ld. ,J Kfhikj;JtKk;
njhopw;rq;fq;fSk; Cjpaq;fs;> gjpT caHTfs;> gapw;rp> eyg;gphpT>
Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; tq;fpapd; nghJthd epUthfk; vd;gd njhlHghd
gpur;ridfspy; rpytw;iw jPHg;gjw;F Kfhikj;Jtkj;jpw;Fk;
njhopw;rq;fq;fSf;Fk; tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jJ.

(M) gl;ljhhpfSf;fhd NtW cs;sfg; gapw;rpfs;
NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fpukkhd 3 khj cs;sfg; gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis xOq;F nra;jikf;Fg; Gwk;ghf> kdpj
tsj; jpizf;fsk; 2013,y; rpwpn[atHj;jdGu kw;Wk; nfhOk;G
gy;fiyf;fof khztHfSf;fhf C.Nr. epjpaj; jpizf;fsj;jpy;
2 rpwg;G cs;sfg; gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis xOq;F nra;jJ.
,r;rpwg;G cs;sf gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> n[atHj;jdGu
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; 85 gl;ljhhp khztHfSf;F ,uz;L
njhFjpapduhf MW khj fhyg;gFjpf;F gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs;
toq;fg;gl;l Ntisapy; nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; 20 gl;ljhhp
khztHfSf;F 3 khj fhyg;gFjpf;F gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs;
toq;fg;gl;ld.
(,) gl;ljhhp gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;
caH fy;tp mikr;rpd; Nfhhpf;iff;F gjpypWj;Jk; tpjj;jpy;>
ntw;wpfukhd kpfr; rpwe;j gl;ljhhpfSf;F gapw;rp toq;Ftjw;fhf
kdpj
tsj;
jpizf;fsk;
2013,y;
gl;ljhhpg;
gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisj; njhlq;fpaJ. KjyhtJ gl;ljhhp gapw;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; 2013 A+iy 01 ,ypUe;J 2013 jpnrk;gH tiuahd
fhyg;gFjpapy; 5 gl;ljhhpfSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.
(<) ,yq;ifg; gl;laf; fzf;fhsH epWtfj;jpd; khztHfSf;fhd
fzf;fPl;Lg; gapw;rp
2013,y; kdpj tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; jifikAk; mDgtKk;
nfhz;l gl;laf; fzf;fhsHfspd; Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo; ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpapy; fzf;Fg;
gapw;rpahsHfshfg; gzpahw;w
Ntz;Lnkd;w fl;lhaf; fy;tp Njitg;ghl;bid epiwNtw;Wk;
tpjj;jpy;> gl;laf; fzf;fhsH epWtfj;jpd; khztHfSf;F
njhlHe;Jk; trjpfis toq;fpaJ. 2013,y; ,J njhlHgpy; kdpj
tsj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; trjp toq;fg;gl;l khztHfspd;
vz;zpf;if 21Mf tpsq;fpaJ.
15.4 2013 fhyg;gFjpapy; MSeH ntspehl;by; gq;Fgw;wpa
$l;lq;fs;
15.3 gl;ljhhpfs;> gl;ljhhp khztHfs; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifg; gl;laf;

fzf;fhsH epWtfj;jpd; khztHfs; MfpNahUf;fhd
gapw;rpfs;
1. rdthpapy; nly;ypapy; eilngw;w nghJeytha tpahghu

muq;fk;> ghq;nfhf;fpy; eilngw;w KjyPl;L tq;fpahshfspd;
$l;lk; kw;Wk; rpq;fg;G+hpy; eilngw;w rpl;b Vrpah gRgpf;
KjyPl;lhsH khehL 2013 vd;gdtw;wpy; fye;J nfhz;lhH.
ehl;by; caH jifik tha;e;j njhopw;gilnahd;wpidf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fg; gq;fspf;Fk; Nehf;FlDk; tq;fpapd; r%fg;
nghWg;ghz;ikapid Mw;Wfpd;wnjhU topKiwahfTk; 2013
,Yk; kdpj tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; gl;ljhhpfs;> gl;ljhhp
khztHfs; kw;wk; ,yq;if gl;ljhhp fzf;fhsH epWtfj;jpd;
khztHfSf;F gapw;rpia toq;Ftjw;fhd trjpia njhlHe;Jk;
fpilf;fr; nra;jJ. ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; vy;yhkhf 229
mj;jifa gapw;rpahsHfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp trjpfis toq;fpaJ.
2.
ngg;GUthpapy;
Xkhdpy;
,lk;ngw;w
tq;fpahsH
kw;Wk;
KjyPl;lhsHfSldhd
$l;lk;>
mGjhgpapy;
tq;fpahsHfSldhd
$l;lk;
kw;Wk;
Kf;fpa
ciuahw;Wtjw;fhf Kk;igapy; ,lk;ngw;w nfhOk;G gq;Fr;
re;ijapd; KjyPl;lhsH muq;fj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;lhH.
3. khr;rpy; Nlhf;fpNahtpy; ,lk;ngw;w ,yq;if tpahghu muq;fk;
kw;Wk; Nfhyhyk;G+hpy; eilngw;w 4MtJ epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;L
rigapd;
Mrpahtpw;fhd
gpuhe;jpa
MNyhridf;FOf;
$l;lj;jpYk; gq;Fgw;wpdhH.
(m) gl;ljhhp khztHfSf;fhd %d;W khj cs;sfg; gapw;rp

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;
4. Vg;gpwypy; thrpq;fld; brp ,y; ,lk;ngw;w g.eh.epjpak; cyf

tq;fpapd; ,sNtdpy; fhy $l;lq;fs; kw;Wk; yz;ldpy;
,lk;ngw;w KjyPl;lhsH $l;lq;fspYk; fye;J nfhz;lhH.
2013,y; kw;iwa jpizf;fsq;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gld;> kdpj

tsj; jpizf;fsk; njhlHe;Jk; %d;whtJ Mz;lhfTk;
gl;ljhhp khztHfSf;F %d;W khj cs;sfg; gapw;rpfSf;fhd
trjpfis
toq;fpaJ.
,e;epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;
Kf;fpa
Fwpf;Nfhshf ,Ue;jJ ahnjdpy;> gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy;
nghUshjhuk;>
Gs;sptpguk;>
fzf;fpay;>
tq;fpj;njhopy;
kw;Wk; epjp> tpahghu Kfhikj;Jtk;> jfty; njhopy;El;gk;
kw;Wk; rl;lk; Mfpa Jiwfspy; gapd;w nfhs;if hPjpahd
Nfhl;ghLfspd; eilKiw mk;rq;fSld; gofpf; nfhs;sr;
nra;Ak; nghUl;L gl;ljhhp khztHfSf;F tha;g;Gf;fis
toq;FtNjahFk;. mj;Jld; ,e;epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; gl;ljhhp
khztHfs; %d;W khj fhyg;gFjpf;F tq;fpapd; mNef
jpizf;fsq;fs; njhlHghd mDgtq;fisAk; Neubahfg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij trjpg;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk;> njhopw;re;ijapy;
mtHfspd; njhopy;tha;g;gpw;fhd Nfs;tpia caHj;Jtjw;F
Kw;Njitahf
tpsq;Fk;
mtHfspd;
MSikapidAk;
njhopy;rhH
epGzj;Jtj;jpidAk;
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
tha;g;Gf;fisAk; toq;Fk;. 2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; 17
cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; kw;Wk;
,yq;if rl;lf; fy;Y}hp vd;gdtw;wpypUe;J njhpT nra;ag;gl;l
98 khztHfSf;F 4 cs;sf gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
elj;jg;gl;ld.
gFjp II - 92
5. Nkapy; ghq;nfhf;fpy; eilngw;w gztDg;gy;fs; njhlHghd

cyfshtpa muq;fj;jpy; gq;Fgw;wpdhH.
6. A+dpy; Nfhyhyk;G+hpy; ,lk;ngw;w 7MtJ njd;fpof;fhrpa
kj;jpa tq;fpfspd; caH jiyikj;Jtf; $l;lj;jpy; Kf;fpa
ciuahw;wpaJld; NkjF rdhjpgjpapd; J}Jf;FOtpy;
cWg;gpduhf jd;rhdpah kw;Wk; rPnry;rpy; eilngw;w
murhq;fk; kw;Wk; tpahghuj; jiytHfspd; $l;lq;fspy;
fye;J nfhz;lhH.
7. A+iyapy; rpq;fg;G+hpy; ,lk;ngw;w cyfshtpa nghUshjhu
muq;fj;jpy; Mrpahtpd; gq;F vd;gJ gw;wp tpsf;f nrhw;nghopT
Mw;wpaJld; thrpq;ld; brp ,y; ,lk;ngw;w KjyPl;lhsH
$l;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhz;lhH.
8. nrj;njk;ghpy; nfhq;nfhq;fpy; eilngw;w ,yq;ifapy; KjyPL
nra;Ak; KjyPl;lhsH muq;fk; kw;Wk; gP[pq;> rq;fha; kw;Wk;
ghprpy; ,lk;ngw;w tq;fpahsH $l;lq;fspy; gq;F gw;wpdhH.
9. xj;Njhghpy; ghq;nfhq;fpy; ,lk;ngw;w KjyPl;L tq;fpahsH
$l;lq;fs;;> njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa tq;fpfspd; 30MtJ
- 2013
gFjp II
tUlhe;j khehl;by; Kf;fpa ciuapidAk; 7MtJ
njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa tq;fpfspd; ,ilepiy jiyikj;Jtf;
$l;lj;jpy; Kf;fpa ciuapidAk; Mw;wpaJld; Nfhyhyk;G+hpy;
,lk;ngw;w 3MtJ njd;fpof;fhrpa kj;jpa tq;fpfspd; yj;jPd;
mnkhpf;f ehza Ma;T khehl;by; fye;J nfhz;lJld;
Nlhf;fpNahtpy; ,lk;ngw;w Mrpahtpw;fhd epjp cWjpg;ghl;Lr;
rigapd; gpuhe;jpa MNyhridf; FOtpy; Kd;dzp
fye;JiuahlyhsuhfTk; fye;J nfhz;lhH.
10. entk;ghpy; rPnry;]; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; 35MtJ Mz;L epiwTf;
nfhz;lhl;lq;fspy; gpujk ciuapid Mw;Wtjw;fhff;; fye;J
nfhz;lhH.
15.5 epakdq;fs;
1. jpUkjp Nf. Fzjpyf> fz;fhzpg;ghsH> CopaH Nrk
epjpaj; jpizf;fsk; 2013 A+iy 01Mk; ehspypUe;J
eilKiwf;FtUk; tpjj;jpy; kdpj tsq;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.
2. jpU. gp. lgps;A. b. vd;. MH. nuhl;wpNfh> gzpg;ghsH> nfhs;if
kPsha;T kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsk; 2013 A+iy
01Mk; ehspypUe;J CopaH Nrk epjpaj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
fz;fhzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.
3. nry;tp
Nf.
rutzKj;J>
gzpg;ghsH>
Gs;sptpguj;
jpizf;fsk; 2013 A+iy 01Mk; ehspypUe;J nfhs;if
kPsha;T kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpg;ghsuhf
epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.
4. jpU. V.MH.Nf. tpN[Nrfu> gzpg;ghsH> kdpj tsj;
jpizf;fsk; 2013 A+iy 01Mk; ehspypUe;J Gs;sptpguj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.
5. jpU. tp. gh];fud;> Nkyjpf gzpg;ghsH> nfhs;if
kPsha;T kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsk; 2013 xj;NjhgH
07Mk; ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;FtUk; tpjj;jpy; khfhz
mYtyfq;fs; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Nkyjpfg;
gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.
6. jpU. hp. vk;. ,rl;. Kj;jhypg;> Nkyjpfg; gzpg;ghsH> MSeH
nrayfj; jpizf;fsk; 2013 entk;gH 04Mk; ehspypUe;J
eilKiwf;FtUk; tpjj;jpy; njhlHG+l;ly; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
Nkyjpfg; gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.
7. jpU. vy;. b. b. it. ngNuuh> Nkyjpff; fz;fhzpg;ghsH>
CopaH Nrk epjpak; 2013 entk;gH 04Mk; ehspypUe;J
eilKiwf;FtUk;
tpjj;jpy;
cs;sff;
fzf;fha;Tj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; Nkyjpfg; gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhH.
15.6 Xa;T ngwy;fs;
1. jpU. lgps;A. vk;. fUzhuj;d> cjtp MSeH 2013 khr;R
20Mk; ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;F tUk; tpjj;jpy; tq;fpg;
gzpapypUe;J Xa;T ngw;whH.
2. jpUkjp rp. gpNukuj;d> Jiz MSeH> 2013 A+d; 20Mk;
ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;FtUk; tpjj;jpy; tq;fpg; gzpapypUe;J
Xa;T ngw;whH.
15.7 tpLtpg;gpYs;s mYtyHfs;
1. jpU. Nf. b. uzrpq;f> cjtp MSeH> gd;dhl;L ehza
epjpaj;jpw;F khw;W epiwNtw;Wg; gzpg;ghsuhf.
2. jpUkjp Nf. vk;. V. vd;. lTyfy> caH gjtp mYtyH juk;
IV, epjpj; jpl;lkply; mikr;rpw;F
3. jpU. v];.MH. Ml;bfy> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; IV, epjp
jpl;lkply; mikr;rpw;F.
4. jpU. Nf.vk;.vk;. rpwptHjd> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; IV, epjp
5. jpU. vk;. kfpe;j rhypa> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; II, epjp
6. jpU. vk;. v];. fe;Jd;Nf> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; II,
Nfhy;ld; fP fpubw; fhHl; fk;gdp ypkpnll;bw;F.
gFjp II - 93

7. jpU. v];. [p. v];. b. n[aNrfu> caH gjtp mYtyH juk;
II, ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; efu mgptpUj;jp mikr;rpw;F.
8. jpU. v];. N[. Nf. FWNf> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; II,
ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; efu mgptpUj;jp mikr;rpw;F.
9. jpU. vr;. vk;. vd;. jHrd> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; II,
10. jpU. N[. V. V. gphpae;j> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; I,
rdhjpgjp nrayfj;jpw;F.
11. jpU. V. lgps;A. A. rp. vd;. gz;lhu> caH gjtp mYtyH
juk; I, Nfhy;ld; fP fpwbl; fhHl; fk;gdp ypkpnll;bw;F.
12. jpU. Nf. gp. vk;. ngNuuh> caH gjtp mYtyH> juk; I,
13. jpU. b. [atHj;jd caH gjtp mYtyH juk; I, nghJkf;fs;
njhlHG kw;Wk; jfty; mikr;rpw;F.
14. jpUkjp. v]; uzrpq;f> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; II, caH
ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F.
15. jpUkjp. V. rp. mNgrpq;f> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; I,
gd;dhl;L ehza epjpaj;jpw;F.
16. jpU. <. hp. vk;. nrha;rh> caH gjtp my;yh juk; II mYtyH>
Nfhy;ld; fP fpwbl; fhHl; fk;gdp ypkpnll;bw;F.
17. jpUkjp. vr;. vk;. v];. v];. FztHj;jd> rl;l mYtyH
(xg;ge;jk;) epjp jpl;lkply; mikr;rpw;F.
15.8 rk;gskw;w fy;tp tpLg;gpYs;s mYtyH
1. jpU. A. gp. mytj;jN`> caH gjtp mYtyH juk; IV, 2012
nrj;njk;gH 4Mk; ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;F tUk; tpjj;jpy;
rk;gskw;w fy;tp tpLg;gpy; cs;shH.
16. jfty; njhopy;El;gk;
tq;fpapd; J}z;Ltpirahfj; njhopw;gLk; jfty; njhopy;El;gj;
jpizf;fskhdJ tq;fpapd; eLj;ju fhy cgha njhiyNehf;fhd
2016 mstpy; I.m.nlhyH 100 gpy;ypad; nghUshjhuj;ij milAk;
Nehf;fpy; gy Gj;jhf;f tpahghuj; jPHTfis eilKiwg;gLj;jpaJ.
2013,y; jfty; njhopy;El;gj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
eltbf;iffs; fPo;tUk; Ie;J Kf;fpa gzpg;Giufspd; fPo;
xOq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
1. cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
jfty; njhopy;El;g jpl;lq;fis toq;Fjy;
2.
Njrpa
eyd;
tha;e;j
jpl;lq;fSf;fhf
jfty;
njhopy;El;gj;jpwid tpahghu mgptpUj;jpfSld; ,izj;jy;
3. jfty; njhopy;El;gr;
mstply;
nrayhw;wk;
kw;Wk;
epakq;fspid
4.
,-mYtyfk;
kw;Wk;
jlq;fyw;w
tpahghuj;jpw;fhf
cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;
5. kdpj %yjd mgptpUj;jp
16.1 cw;gj;jp jpwd; kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
jfty; njhopy;El;gj; jpl;lq;fis toq;Fjy;;
jfty; njhopy;El;gj; jpizf;fsk; tq;fpapdpilNa gy;tifg;gl;l
tpahghu eltbf;iffis toq;Ftjw;fhf mjdJ njhopy;rhH
jifikapid rhpahd ghijapy; gad;gLj;jp gy Gj;jhf;f tpahghuj;
jPHTfisj; njhlHr;rpahf mwpKfg;gLj;jpa mNjNtisapy;
jw;NghJs;s 100 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jd;dpaf;f gpuNahfq;fSf;fhd
MjuT kw;Wk; Ngzy; gzpfis toq;fpaJ. Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy;
jfty; njhopy;El;gj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rpy
Kf;fpa nraw;jpl;lq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:
m.
xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l
nghJg;
NgNul;L
fzf;fPl;L
KiwikahdJ> fzf;fPl;L mikg;G gl;bay; kw;Wk;
rpf;fyhd tpahghu gpuNahfq;fspd; ,ilKfq;fSld;
tq;fpapd; Gjpa tpahghuj; Njitg;ghLfisg; G+Hj;jp
nra;tjw;fhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,g;Gjpa Kiwik
- 2013
gFjp II
cs;sf hPjpahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Kiwikfs; kw;Wk;
ju cWjpg; ghPl;irfs; kw;Wk; kjpg;Gf;fs; XH fzf;fha;T
epWtfj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jfty; njhopy;El;g Ma;T
vd;gtw;wpd; gpd;dH Neub eltbf;iffSf;fhf epWtg;gl;lJ.
,yj;jpudpay; nghJg; NgNul;Lf; fzf;fPl;L Kiwik
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ifj;njhopy; eilKiwfs; kw;Wk;
epakq;fSld; ,ize;j tq;fpapd; epjpapay; fzf;Ffspd;
kj;jpa fsQ;rpakhfj; njhopw;gLfpwJ.
M. Fthth vd;W miof;fg;gLk; XH Gjpa jpiwNrhp Kfhikj;Jt
Kiwikia
mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
njhopy;El;g
cjtpfis gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F
toq;FfpwJ. jfty; njhopy;El;gj; jpizf;fsk; ntspehl;L
ghpkhw;w xg;ge;jq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspid
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf
Fthth
kw;Wk;
,yj;jpudpay;
nghJg; NgNul;L fzf;fPl;L Kiwik vd;gtw;wpw;fpilNa
,ilKfj;jpid mgptpUj;jp nra;Js;sJ.
,. CopaH Nrkepjpa jfty; njhopy;El;g Kiwikia
tpidj;jpwdhd
Kiwapy;
NgZtjw;F
njhopy;El;g
cjtpfis toq;fpa mNjNtisapy; jfty; njhopy;El;gj;
jpizf;fsk; mk;Kiwikapid NkYk; juKaHj;Jtjw;F
gpd;tUk;
nraw;jpl;lq;fis
mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjpy;
Kidg;Gld; nraw;gl;lJ.
I. njhopy;jUeHfSf;fhd
,izajsj;jpid
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gq;fspg;Gr; Nrfhpg;G Kiwik

II. ,yj;jpudpay; Kiw %yk; gjpT nra;Ak; miw
epWTjYf;fhf gpujpik ];fhd; nra;Ak; nraw;jpl;lk;
III. CopaH Nrk epjpag; gq;fspg;gpid ,yj;jpudpay; Kiw
%yk; tHj;jf tq;fpfspD}lhfr; rkHg;gpj;jy;
<. tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; tq;fpay;yh epjpapay;
epWtdq;fspd; jpizf;fsk; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd gpd;new;
gpuNahfj;jpid gd;dhl;L epjpapay; mwpf;ifaply; epakq;fs;
Kiwg;ghl;L mwpf;if khjphpfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpajd; %yk;
juKaHj;jpaJ.
c. ntspKf KjyPl;L fzf;F khjphpapid mwpKfg;gLj;jpajd;
%yk; nghnuf;];new; gpuNahfj;jpid tpupTgLj;jpaJld; Gjpa
nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghly; gzpg;GiufSf;fpzq;f gpizaq;fs;
KjyPl;Lf; fzf;F khjphp GJg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
C. nryhtzpf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F nryhtzpf;
fl;Lg;ghl;L topKiwfs; kPjhd nghJkf;fspd; tpopg;GzHit
mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf ,izajsk; xd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F
njhopy;El;g cjtpfis toq;FfpwJ.
v.
< vr; MH new; gpuNahfj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F
jw;Nghija tpw;gidahsH toq;Fk; gpuNahfj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf
rk;gsg;gl;bay; kw;Wk; fld; khjphpfs; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ.
V. tq;fp Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; fl;Lg;gzk; kw;Wk;
fhg;GWjp khjphpfspd; fPo; Gjpa Njitg;ghLfisg; G+Hj;jp
nra;Ak; tifapy; itg;Gf; fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lj;jpid tpUj;jp
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
I. cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk; mjd; cs;Kf kw;Wk;
ntspKfj; jPHg;gdTr; nray;Kiwfis ifahs;tjw;fhf XH
Gjpa fhNrhiy gpk;gg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Rw;Nwhl;lf; Fiwg;G
Kiwikapid nfhs;tdT nra;jy; kw;Wk; eilKilf;fply;
nrad;Kiwapy; <Lgly; kw;Wk; kj;jpa Kfhikg;gLj;Jk;
fzf;fPl;L Kiwik xd;wpw;fhf ,yj;jpudpay; nghJg;
NgNul;L fzf;fPl;L KiwikAld; XH ,ilKfj;jpid
cUthf;Fjy;
x. Njrpa Ntshz;ik - tpahghu mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lj;jpd;
fPo; gjpTnra;jy;> kPs;epjpaply;> kPs;nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk;
gadhspfs; fld;fspd; tpiuthd jPHg;gdT vd;gdtw;iw
toq;Ftjw;fhf gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F
,izaj;js gpuNahfk; xd;wpid mwpKfg;gLj;jy;
X. XH Gjpa mZFk; top fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwikapid tq;fpapy;
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf njhopy;El;g cjtpapid toq;Fjy;.
Xs.
kj;jpapy; Kfhik nra;ag;gLk; mYtyH tuTg;gjpNtL
Kiwiknahd;wpidg; NgZtjw;fhf CopaH Nrk epjpaj;jpy;
gFjp II - 94

cs;s ',yFNeu" tuTg; gjpNtl;L KiwikAld; jiyikf;
fhhpahyaj;jpd; ,yj;jpudpay; Neu kw;Wk; tpLg;G gjpTnra;jy;
Kiwikapid xUq;fpizj;jy;
f. tq;fp mYtyUf;fhd ,yj;jpudpaY}lhd re;jpg;G ,lkhd
'kd;ry" vdg;gLk; XH fk;gdp cs;sf ,izafj;ij
eilKiwf;fply;
16.2 Njrpa ey nraw;jpl;lq;fSf;;fhf jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpid
tpahghu mgptpUj;jpfSld; ,izj;jy;
Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy; jfty; njhopy;El;gj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kw;nwhU Kf;fpa gzpg;GiuahdJ jfty;
njhopy;El;gf; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fis Njrpa kl;l nraw;jpl;lq;fSld;
,izg;gjdhy; jfty; njhopy;El;g jPHTfs; kw;Wk; Njrpaeyd;
tpahghuj;
Njitg;ghLfSf;fpilapyhd
,ilntspia
epug;Gtjw;F cjTfpd;wJ. ,e; Nehf;fj;jpid miltjw;fhf
jfty; njhopy;El;g mYtyHfs; jkJ epGzj;Jtj;jpid gpd;tUk;
jpl;lq;fSf;F toq;fpdH:
m. yq;fh fpspaH gpiwNtw; ypkpnll; Njrpa nfhLg;gdT
Mizf;FOtpd; jPHkhdj;jpw;fpzq;f nghJthd ml;il kw;Wk;
nfhLg;gdT Mop nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; fPo; nghJthd jd;dpaf;ff;
$w;Wg; nghwp Mop ,ae;jpuj;jpid eilKiwf;fply;
M.
cs;ehl;L
,iwj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd;
nraw;ghLfis
jd;dpaf;fkhf;Fjy;
,.
nghJj; jpiwNrhpf;fhd xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l jpiwNrhp
Kfhikj;Jt jfty;Kiwik xd;wpid mwpKfk; nra;jy;
<. gd;dhl;L epakq;fspd; mikg;gpd; epakq;fSld; ,ize;J
nry;Yk; tifapy; epjpapay; Jiwf;fhd fzdp mtru
gjpyspf;Fk; FO xd;wpid mikg;gjd; Muk;gepiy ghJfhg;G
epakq;fis ,yq;if fzdp mtru gjpyspf;Fk; FO kw;Wk;
,yq;if epak epWtdk; Mfpatw;Wld; jahhpj;jy;.
16.3 jfty;njhopy;El;g nrayhw;wk; kw;Wk; epakq;fspid
mstpLjiy ,izj;jy;
,iza
njhopy;El;gj;jpidg;
gad;gLj;jp
iffspdhy;
nra;ag;gLk; Kiwikfis jd;dpaf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Nfs;tpfs;
mjpfhpj;jik kw;Wk; ifj;njhopypy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l jfty;
Kiwfspd; epakq;fSld; ,ize;J nrayhw;wj;jpid mstpLjy;
vd;gdtw;iw fUj;jpw;nfhz;L jfty; njhopy;El;gj; jpizf;fsk;
jfty; Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;G ,uz;bdJk;
gzpf;$w;W rpf;fyhd Kiwikfspd; fpilg;gdtpid Nkk;gLj;jy;
kw;Wk; ghjpf;fg;gLk; jd;ikapd; mstPl;bid elhj;jy; Nghd;w
eltbf;iffspy;
<Lgl;Ls;sJ.
,jd;tpisthf>
jfty;
njhopy;El;gj; jpizf;fsk; Kiwahd nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT
Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; Vida rpf;fyhd Kiwikfs; vd;gtw;wpd;
fpilg;gdtpid 99.9 rjtPjj;jhy; cWjpg;gLj;jf; $bajhf
cs;sJld; cs;sf njhopy;El;g Mw;wy;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
elhj;jg;gl;l ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba jd;ikapy; fzpg;gPl;bd; NghJ
,dq;fhzg;gl;l rpy tplaq;fspd; Nkk;gLj;jiy ,ayr;nra;jJ.
16.4 ,yj;jpudpay; mYtyfk; kw;Wk; jlq;fyw;w tpahghuj;jpid
njhlHjy; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpfs;;
vjpHfhyg; nghUshjhuj;jpyhd mjpfhpj;j nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisg;
G+Hj;jp
nra;tjw;fhfTk;
ntt;NtW
jpizf;fsq;fspd;
nraw;ghLfspd; njhopw;ghl;bid R%fkhf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
trjpaspg;gjw;Fk;
jfty;
njhopy;El;g
cl;fl;likg;G
Njitg;ghLfspd; juKaHj;jiy trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gpd;tUk;
Kf;fpa cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
m. tq;fp kw;Wk; CopaH Nrk epjpaj;jpd; Kjw;ju kw;Wk; mdHj;j
kPl;G eltbf;iffSf;fhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l midj;J
Vv]; 400 Nrkpg;gpfSf;Fg; gjpyhf jw;Nghija mNjNeu
gjpypWj;jy; trjp juKaHj;jg;gl;lJld; CopaH Nrk epjpak;
kw;Wk; CopaH jpizf;fsj;jpw;fpilapyhd XH Gjpa trjp
mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
M. rpwe;j nrayhw;wj;jpw;fhf rpf;fyhd cs;sf gpuNahfk;
kw;Wk; juTj; njhFg;gf Nritafq;fs; Gjpa njhopy;El;gk;>
caH ,aysT kw;Wk; Ntfk; vd;gdtw;Wld; NrHf;fg;gl;L
kPsikf;fg;gl;lJ.
- 2013
gFjp II
,. tq;fpapd; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; Kfhiknra;ag;gl;l

fk;gpfs; mw;w ,izaj;js Nrit mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
<. gd;dhl;L epakq;fs; mikg;gpd; epakq;fSld; ,ize;J
nry;Yk; tifapy; XH Gjpa mdHj;j kPsha;Tj; jsk;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
c. khfhz mYtyq;fis jyik mYtyfj;Jld; ,izg;gjw;F
jdpahH tiyaikg;G epWtg;gl;lJld; khfhz mYtyfq;fs;
ika kw;Wk; KftH njhopw;ghLfis vjpHT $wg;gl;ljd;
gb rpwg;ghf toq;Ftjw;fhf fk;gpfs; my;yh cs;sfg;gFjp
tiyaikg;G khfhz mYtyfq;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
C. epjpapay;
epWtdq;fspdhy;
xOq;fhd
jfty;fs;
rkHg;gpf;fg;gLtjid trjpg;gLj;jTk; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk;
mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffis tpiuTgLj;jTk; ,yj;jpudpay;
njhlHghlypd; flj;Jifia Nkk;gLj;jYf;Fkhf Fj;jif
,izg;gpd; ,aysT 20 vk; gp gp v];f;F tphpthf;fg;gl;lJ.
16.5 kdpj %yjd tpUj;jp
Gjpa njhopy;El;gtpay; kw;Wk; tpahghug; gzpg;Giufspy; kdpj
%yjdj;jpd; njhlHr;rpahd mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Njitfs; kw;Wk;
vg;nghOJk; khw;wkilAk; #oypy; cs;sf jdpg;gl;ltH jpwd;fs;
vd;gdtw;wpid ,dq;fz;L nfhs;fpwJ. jfty; njhopy;El;gj;
jpizf;fsk; Mz;Lf; fhyj;jpy; Ma;Tf;fUj;juq;Ffs;> khehLfs;
kw;Wk; nraykHTfs; kw;Wk; gl;lg;gpd; gbg;G fw;iffs; %ykhf
ntspehl;L kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L gapw;rp epfo;r;rpfis toq;fp jdJ
kdpj %yjdj;jpid tYg;gLj;jpaJ.
17. cs;sff; fzf;fha;T
tq;fpapy; cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tr; nraw;ghLfs; 1951 Mk;
Mz;bypUe;J njhopw;ghl;bypUe;J tUfpd;wd. 2013 ,y;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; eltbf;iffs; cyfshtpa epakq;fs;
kw;Wk; rpwe;j njhopy; eilKiwfSld; ,ire;J nry;Yk;
tpjj;jpy; kPsikf;fg;gl;ld. ,jw;fpzq;f> jpizf;fsj;jpd;
ngaH Kfhikj;Jt fzf;fha;tpypUe;J cs;sff; fzf;fha;T
vd khw;wg;gl;lJ. jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzp kw;Wk; Ntiyapd;
nraw;gug;G> nghWg;ghz;ik> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; fzf;fha;Tj;
jpizf;fsg; gzpg;ghsH kw;Wk; mYtyHfspd; nghWg;Gf;$Wk;
jd;ik> kw;Wk; mjpfhuk; vd;gdTk; cs;sff; fzf;fha;T
rhrdj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fzf;fha;Tfs; If;fpa
mnkhpf;fhtpd; cs;sff; fzf;fha;thsH epWtfj;jpd; gd;dhl;Lj;
njhopy;rhH epGzj;Jt eilKiwfspd; fl;likg;gpYs;s
epakq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy;Jiwapd; kpfr; rpwe;j eilKiwfs;
vd;gtw;Wld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
2013 Mz;Lf; fhyj;jpy; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
eltbf;iffspd; njhFg;G fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
17.1 fzf;fha;T xg;gilfis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;
m. 2013 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd tUlhe;j fzf;fha;Tj; jpl;lk;
tUlhe;j fzf;fha;Tj; jpl;lkhdJ ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
midj;J Kf;fpakhd eltbf;iffis cs;slf;Fk; tpjj;jpy;
jahhpf;fg;gl;lJld; ehzar;rigapd; kjpAiuf; fzf;fha;Tf;
FOtpd; xg;GjYld; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
M. cs;sff; fzf;fha;T eilKiw
fzf;fha;thdJ jpl;lkply;> nraw;gLj;jy;> njhlHG+l;ly;
kw;Wk; jPHkhd eltbf;iffs; vLj;jy; mj;Jld; ,yq;if
kj;jpa
tq;fpapd;
jpizf;fsq;fspdJ
eltbf;iffs;
Vw;Gilj;jhd tpjpfs;> xOq;Ftpjpfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffSf;F
,zq;fpnahOFtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; gpd;njhlHjy;
Mfpa ehd;F njhlHr;rpahd gbKiwfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
,. fzf;fha;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;tjd; Kd;Ndw;wq;fis
mwpf;ifaply;;
fzf;fha;T
xg;gilfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;
fhzg;gLk;
Kd;Ndw;wk;
kjpAiuf;
fzf;fha;T
FOtpd;
tpje;Jiug;Gf;fSld; ehzar; rigf;F fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy;
mwpf;ifaplg;gl;lJ. eltbf;if mwpf;iffs; miuahz;L
mbg;gilapy; fzf;fha;thsH ehafj;jpw;F rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;ld.
gFjp II - 95
<. fzf;fha;T njhlHghd Vida eltbf;iffs;

Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy; fzf;fha;T trjpg;gLj;jy; topfhl;ly;fs;
jahhpf;fg;gl;L ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; midj;J
jpizf;fsj; jiytHfspw;Fk; toq;fg;gl;ld. fzf;fha;T
trjpg;gLj;jy;
topfhl;ly;fspd;
Njitg;ghLfspd;gb>
jpizf;fsj;
jiytHfs;
cs;sff;
fzf;fha;T
eltbf;iffSf;F
trjpaspg;gjw;fhf
fzf;fha;T
xUq;fpizg;G mYtyHfis epakpj;jdH.
17.2 tpopg;GzHr;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gapw;rpaspj;jy;
Vw;ghLfs;
jfty;
Kiwikfspd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidf;
fUj;jpw;
nfhz;L 'jfty; Kiwikfspd; ghJfhg;G" tpopg;GzHr;rpj;
jpl;lnkhd;W ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; mYtyHfspw;fhf
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;lJ.
mYtyHfspd;
xUq;fpizg;ig
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf fzf;fha;Tf; fUj;Jf;fis midj;J
mYtyHfspw;Fk; mNjNeuj;jpy; Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpy; tpLtjw;fhd
XH Kiwiknahd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jpizf;fsk;
gl;ljhhpfs;> gl;ljhhp khztHfs; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifg; gl;laf;
fzf;fhsH epWtdj;jpd; khztHfspw;F cs;sff; fzf;fha;T
kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlHGila tplaq;fspy; gapw;rpfisAk;
toq;fpaJ.
17.3 ehzar;rig kjpAiu fzf;fha;Tf; FO
kjpAiuf; fzf;fha;Tf; FO ehzar;rigapd; xU cWg;gpdiuAk;
,uz;L ntspthhp njhopy;rhH fzf;fha;T epGzHfisAk;
cs;slf;fpapUf;fpwJ. ehzar; rigf;fhd nrayhsH kjpAiuf;
fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpw;F nrayhsuhfTk; cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpg;ghsH kjpAiuf; fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpd;
cjtpr; nrayhsuhfTk; ,Ug;ghH. cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tj;
jpizf;fsk; kjpAiu fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpw;fhd nrayfg; gzp
trjpg;gLj;jy;fis toq;fpaJ.
Mz;LNjhWk; Fiwe;jJ MW(06) kjpAiuf; fzf;fha;Tf;FOf;
$l;lq;fs; elhj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. Mz;Lf;fhyj;jpy;> VO
(07) kjpAiu fzf;fha;Tf;FOf; $l;lq;fs; elhj;jg;gl;lJld;
cs;sff; fzf;fha;tpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; cs;sff; fzf;fha;T
mwpf;iff;fhd Kfhikj;Jt gjpYWg;Gf;fs; vd;gd kPsha;T
nra;ag;gl;ld.
NkYk;> fzf;fha;T %yts xJf;fPL> Kfhikj;Jt xg;Gjy;
nrad;KiwfspypUe;J cs;sff; fzf;fha;tpid kPsg; ngwy;
kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy;El;g Kiwfs; kPjhd fzf;fha;T vd;gd
njhlHghf kjpAiu fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
ghpe;Jiufs; ehzar;rigapd; xg;GjYld; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
17.4 ntspthhpf; fzf;fha;tpw;F trjpaspj;jy;
fzf;fha;thsH
ehafk;
ntspthhpf;
fzf;fha;tpid
Nkw;nfhs;tJld; ntspthhpf; fzf;fha;tpwf
; hd trjpgg; Lj;Jduhf
ehzar; rigapd; nrayhs&lhf cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tj;
jpizf;fsk; njhopw;gLfpwJ. gd;dhl;L epjpapay; mwpfi
; faply;
epakq;fspd; epajpfSf;fpzq;f epjpapay; $w;Wf;fspd; fzf;fha;T
Nehf;fj;jpwf
; hf fzf;fhsH ehafj;jpdhy; VHd];l; md;l; aq;> gl;laf;
fzf;fhsHfs; fzf;fha;tpy; <LgLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jw;fpzq;f cs;sff;
fzf;fha;Tj; jpizf;fsk; Njitahd jfty;fisr; Nrfhpg;gjw;Fk;
fz;lwpag;gl;l tplaq;fisg; gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;Fk; fbjj;
njhlHGfisf; ifahs;tjw;Fk; ehzar; rigapd; nrayhsUf;F
njhopyE
; l;g cs;sL
P fis toq;fpaJ.
18. gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs;
ehza
tpjpr;
rl;lk;>
,yq;ifapd;
gd;dhl;L
xJf;F
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fj;
Njitahd
rl;lf;
fl;likg;gpid
toq;FtJld;> ,J gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffis Ngzy; kw;Wk;
cs;sikg;G> &ghtpd; gd;dhl;L cWjpg;ghl;bid ghJfhg;gjw;fhd
eltbf;iffs;> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpj; njhopw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L xJf;F Kfhikj;Jtk;
njhlHgpyhd ehzar; rigapd; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fs;
Nghd;w JiwfisAk; cs;slf;fpapUf;fpwJ. ,J njhlHgpy;> ehza
tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; 67MtJ gphpT> nrhj;J tiffs; njhlHgpyhd
- 2013
gFjp II
msTfs;> ,izf;fpizj;jug;gpdH> KjyPlL
; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk;
mjd; toq;FeHfs; Mfpa tplaq;fisf; ifahSfpdw
; J. ehzar;rig
xJf;F Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; ghJfhg;G> jputj;jd;ik kw;Wk; tUtha;
Nehf;fq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw caHj;Jtjw;fhf xJf;F Kfhikj;Jt
eltbf;iffspd; nraw;gug;gpid NkYk; tphpthf;Ftjw;F gzpff
; f;$Lk;.
,jw;fika> gd;dhl;Lj; njhopwg; hLfs; jpizf;fsj;jplk;> gd;dhl;L
xJf;F Kfhikg;gLj;Jk; gzpfis nraw;gLj;Jfpdw
; nghWg;Gk;
cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijj; njhopwg; hLfis
Kfhikg;gLj;Jk; gzpAk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
18.1 gd;dhl;L xJf;F Kfhikj;Jtk;
gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffspd; KjyPLfs;> ehzar; rigapdhy;
xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;l ntspehl;L xJf;F Kfhikj;Jt top
fhl;ly;fSf;fika
ntspehl;L
xJf;F
Kfhikj;Jt
rigapd; Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. I.m.
nlhyHfs;> A+Nuh> ];NlHypq; gTz;> mT];jpNuypa nlhyH
Nghd;w
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
ehzaq;fisf;
nfhz;l
gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffs; Kf;fpakhf ,uz;L nrhj;J tiffshd
epiyahd tUtha; gpizaq;fspYk; jq;fk; cl;gl gzr;
re;ij rhjdq;fspYk; KjyPL nra;ag;gl;ld. tq;fpapd;
epiyahd tUkhd gpizaq;fs; nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; caHe;j
jukply; tPjq;fisf; nfhz;l mur gpizaq;fs;> murpd;
cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpizaq;fs;> mur gpizaq;fspd;
Kfth;
kw;Wk;
Xa;T+jpa
epjpaq;fs;
vd;gdtw;iw
cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. epiyahd tUkhdg; gpizaq;fs; kw;Wk;
gzr; re;ij vd;gd kPjhd KjyPLfs; ghJfhg;G> jputj;jd;ik
kw;Wk; mj;jifa nrhj;Jf;fs; kPjhd tUkhdk; vd;gdtw;iwf;
fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpdhy;
xg;Gjyspf;fg;gl;l
,izj;jug;gpdHfshfTs;s
caHe;j
jukpliyf;
nfhz;l
tHj;jf tq;fpfs;> kj;jpa tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; KjyPlL
; ,y;yq;fs;
vd;gd Clhf khj;jpuk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. tq;fpapd; jputj;
Njitg;ghLfs;> gLfld; jPHg;gdTf; nfhLg;gdTfs; ,lHNeHT
Kfhikj;Jt msTfs;> tUkhd cUthf;f ,aYikfs; kw;Wk;
ehzar; rigapd; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l gzpg;Giufs; vd;gd xJf;Fr;
nrhj;Jg;gl;baypd; nrhj;Jf;fisAk; ehza cs;sikg;gpidAk;
epHzapg;gjw;F ghprPyidapy; nfhs;sg;gl;l Kf;fpa fhuzpfshf
tpsq;fpd.
2013Mk; Mz;L gd;dhl;L epjpapay; re;ijf;fhd jsk;gyhz;lhf

,Ue;jJ.
,t;thz;bd;
Kf;fpa
gz;Gfshf
If;fpa
mnkhpf;fhtpd; fzpak;rhH Fiwe;J nry;Yk; Cfk; kw;Wk;
If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpw;F xg;Gjyspg;gjpy;
fhzg;gl;l jhkjq;fspd; fhuzkhf murhq;fj;jpd; fjtilg;G
vd;gd fhzg;gl;ld. nghUshjhu kPl;rpapy; fhzg;gl;l
gbg;gbahd Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd;
fzpak;rhH jsHj;jy; - 3 epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; gw;wpa Cfq;fs;
cyfk;
KOtjpYKs;s
re;ijfisg;
ghjpj;jJld;>
mjpfhpf;fpd;w If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; jpiwNrhp tpisT
tPjq;fs;
%yjd
ntspg;gha;r;ry;fSf;F
toptFg;gjd;
fhuzkhf Kd;Ndw;wq;fz;l kw;Wk; Njhw;wk; ngw;WtUk;
re;ijfspy; ehzaq;fs; tpiuthf Nja;tilaf; fhuzkhapd.
INuhg;gpa gpuhe;jpak; mjd; nrhe;j murpay; kw;Wk; epjpapay;
gpur;ridfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJld; gzr; RUf;fkiltjw;fhd
,lHNeHTfs; njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gl;ld. If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd;
kPl;rpAld; jq;fj;jpd; tpiyfs; 2013,y; 25 rjtPjkhd
rhjid kl;lj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ,j;jifa #o;epiyfs;
ntspehl;L xJf;Ffspd; jputj;jd;ik kw;Wk; ghJfhg;gpid
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;w mNjNtisapy; tUkhdj;jpy; epahakhdnjhU
tPjj;jpid
ciog;gjw;F
gd;dhl;Lj;
njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsj;jpw;F ngUk; rthy;fisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jd. vdpDk;>
tq;fpapd; xl;Lnkhj;j xJf;F Kfhikj;Jtj; njhopw;ghLfs;
ntspehl;L ehza tHj;jfg;gLj;jy; ehzar; re;ij KjyPLfs;>
%yjd ,yhgk; kw;Wk; epiyahd tUkhdg; gpizaq;spypUe;J
ngwg;gl;l eWf;F tUkhdk; vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf 2013Mk; Mz;Lg;
gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 194.4 kpy;ypad; (Vwj;jho &.25 gpy;ypad;)
nfhz;l Njwpa ntspehl;L tUkhdj;ij cUthf;fpaJ.
ghuk;ghpakhd mgptpUj;jpaile;j re;ijfis cWjpaw;w
kw;Wk; epr;rakw;w jd;ikfs; gPbj;jikapd; fhuzkhf
gd;Kfg;gLj;jYf;fhfTk;
tUkhdj;jpid
cr;rg;gLj;Jk;
Nehf;fq;fSf;fhfTk; njd; nfhhpah> rPdh kw;Wk; ,e;jpah
Nghd;w Njhw;wk; ngw;WtUk; re;ijfspy; Jzpfukhf KjyPl;L
gFjp II - 96

Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl;lJ. NkYk;> gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsk; vd;Wk; mjpfhpj;JtUk; ,lHNeHTfspypUe;J mjd;
xJf;Ffisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mjd; KjyPLfSf;fhf
rhj;jpakhd topfisf; fz;Lgpbf;fj; njhlq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd; mjpfhpj;JtUk; vz;zpf;ifiaAk;
kw;Wk; Gjpa KjyPl;L rhjdq;fspd; Njitfis G+Hj;jp
nra;Ak; tpjj;jpYk;> gy;NtWgl;l re;ijj; jsk;gy;fSF;F
cs;shFk; ,lHNeHTfisj; jzpf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk; ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Gjpa rhjdq;fs; fhzg;gl;likapdhy; Gjpa
jpiwNrhp Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik 2013,d; njhlf;fg; gFjpapy;
Muk;gkhdJ. Gjpa Kiwikapd; Neubj; njhopw;ghLfs; 2013
entk;gH 01 ,ypUe;J Muk;gkhfpd.
18.2 ,lHNeHT Kfhikj;Jtk;
cUthf;fg;gl;l
ntspehl;L
xJf;F
Kfhikj;Jt
topfhl;ly;fspy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; kw;Wk;
,lHNeHT Kfhikj;Jtf; nfhs;iffSf;F ,zq;Ftjid
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy;> gd;dhl;L xJf;Fr; nrhj;Jg;gl;baypd;
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpypUe;J vOfpd;w ,lHNeHTfis gd;dhl;Lj;
njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsj;jpd;
eL
mYtyfj;jpdhy;
njhlHr;rpahd mbg;gilapy; neUf;fkhff; fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
jPtpukhd tHj;jfg;gLj;jy; nrayhw;wkhdJ cgha ,yf;Ffs;>
mNjNghd;W mbg;gila msTf; FwpaPl;L nrhj;Jg;gl;bay;
vd;gdtw;wpw;F vjpuhf kjpg;gplg;gl;likahdJ cz;ikahd
epiyikfSf;F vjpuhd xg;gPl;bid ,ayr; nra;tjw;fhf
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. njhlHr;rpahf Njhw;wk; ngWk; ,lNeHT
nraw;ghL fhuzkhf vjpHfhyj;jpy; Njhw;wk; ngWk; Mgj;jhd
#o;epiyfs; milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;L chpa Neuj;jpy; ftdkhd
kw;Wk; El;;gkhd eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
Nehplf;$ba nryhtzp tPj my;yJ ehza ,lHNeHTfis

milahsk; fhz;gjw;fhf gd;dhl;Lr; re;ij epfo;Tfs;
EZf;fkhf Muhag;gl;ld. ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; tplhJ
fhzg;gl;l caHkl;l jsk;gy;fs; A+Nuh tyaj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l
epr;rakw;w jd;ikfs;> ag;ghdpa tq;fpapdhy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;l
kuG Kiwf;F khwhd ehzaf; nfhs;iffs;> If;fpa mnkhpf;f
ngluy; wpNrHt; tq;fpapd; gbg;gbahf Fiwe;J nry;Yk; mur
gpizfs; kPs; nfhs;tdT trjp Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; kw;Wk;
Njhw;wk; ngw;WtUk; re;ijg; nghUshjhuq;fspd; gpd;dilTfs;
vd;gdtw;iwf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsk;
nrhj;Jg;gl;bay;
gd;Kfg;gLj;jy;fisg;
gpd;gw;wpaJld; cgha ehza ,izg;Gf;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpaJ.
NehpltpUf;fpd;w ntspehl;L ehzag; nghWg;Gf;fs; mNjNghd;W
cyfshtpa ehzar; re;ijj; Njhw;wg;ghL kw;Wk; tHj;jf khjphp
vd;gdTk; ehzaj;jpd; cs;sikg;gpidj; jPHkhdpf;Fk; nghOJ
ghprPyidapy; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. epiyahd tUkhdg; gpizaq;fs;
nrhj;Jg;gl;baypd;
ngWkjp
FWq;fhyj;jpy;
FiwtilAk;
jd;ikapdhy; ,og;gpw;Fs;shFk; jd;ik KjyPl;bd; tpidjpwd;
fhyj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jpajd; %yk; kjpg;gplg;gl;l Ntisapy;
,lHNeHTfs; nghUj;jkhd kl;lj;jpy; Ngzg;gl;likapid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,lHNeHTNtw;Gg; ngWkjp fzpg;Gf;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. tHj;jf eltbf;iffspypUe;J Njhd;Wfpd;w
rhj;jpakhd ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ,og;Gf;fs; ',og;G
epWj;jw; fl;lisfs;" kw;Wk; 'tzpfH tiuaiwfs;" %yk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. tl;b tPj khw;wq;fSf;F epiyahd tUkhd
gpizaq;fspd;
nrhj;Jg;gl;bay;
,lHNeHTfSf;Fs;shFk;
jd;ikapid
mstpLtjw;F
czHjpwd;
gFg;gha;T
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
tl;btPj
,lHNeHTfSf;Fs;shFk;
jd;ikahdJ vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l tpisT tisap mirTfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L epiyahd tUkhdk; kw;Wk; gzr;re;ij
KjyPLfs; vd;gtw;wpd; fhysTfis NtWgLj;jpajd; %yk;
Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ.
,izj;jug;Gf; nfhLfld; ,lHNeHT Kfhik Kiwapd;
cjtpAld; njhlH NjHr;rpahf ,izj;jug;G nfhLfld; ,lNeHT
kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;L Kfhik nra;ag;gl;lJld; ,izj;jug;gpd;
epjpapay; Fwpfhl;bfs;> nfhLfld; jukply; kw;Wk; mtHfspd;
re;ij ntspg;gLj;Jif fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;L mtHfSldhd
tHj;jf vy;iy epHzapf;fg;gl;lJ.
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;
jukply; Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;l gy ,izj;jug;gpdHfspd;
tHj;jf vy;iyAk; khw;wp mikf;fg;gl;lJ. rhj;jpakhd
,lHNeHTfSf;Fs;shff; $ba jd;ikfs; mtHfsJ nfhLfld;
- 2013
gFjp II
jtWiffs; gu];gu ghpkhw;wy; tPr;R kw;Wk; gq;Fr; re;ij

tpiyfs; vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
njhlHghd ehzaq;fspYs;s nrhj;Jf;fspd; Fwpgg; plj;jf;f tpfpjk;
Mz;L KOtJk; jput epiyapy; itf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jikapid
cWjpgg; Lj;jpaikapd;
%yk;
jputj;jd;ik
,lHNeHT
jzpff
; g;gl;likahdJ midj;Jf; nfhLg;gdTfSk; rhpahd Kiwapy;
nfsutpff
; g;gLtjid ,ayr; nra;jd. rhpghHg;Gr; nrad;Kiwfs;
gyg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpdw; ik> Gjpa tHj;jfg;gLj;jy; Kiwikfspd;
nfhs;tdT> KjyPlL
; topfhl;ly;fs; kPs tYT+ll
; g;gl;lik vd;gd
gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffspd; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpwF
;
Mjutspgg; jw;fhff;
fhzg;gl;l CopaHfs;> Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; nrad;KiwfspypUe;J
Njhd;Wfpdw; njhopwg; hl;L ,lHNeHTfSf;Fs;shFk; jd;ikapidf;
Fiwf;f cjtpd.
18.3 cs;ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ij

mgptpUj;jpfisf; fz;fhzpj;jy;
cs;ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapd; R%fkhd
njhopw;ghl;bid Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisj;
njhlHe;Jk; fz;fhzpj;jJld; I.m.nlhyH ,yq;if &gh
nryhtzp tPjq;fspd; VNjDk; kpifahd jsk;gy;fisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd eltbf;ifapidAk;
Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ehshe;j Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp
epiyikfspd; kPJ Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tiuaiwfSf;F chpkk;
ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfs; ,zq;fpnahOFfpd;wikapid ,J
cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk;> gy;NtWgl;l mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;
nghJkf;fSf;F nryhtzp tPjq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fisg;
gug;GtJ gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; nghWg;ghfj;
njhlHe;Jk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
tHj;jf
tq;fpfspdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w
ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspy; NkYk;> nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ikapid
mDkjpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;l
ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapy; Njwpa jpwe;j ehshe;j vy;iyfs;
2013,y;
Nky;
Nehf;fpj;
jpUj;jg;gl;ld.
,jw;fika
,g;gzpg;GiuahdJ 2012,d; I.m.nlhyH 64.7 kpy;ypadpypUe;J
2013 I.m.nlhyH 120 kpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lJ.
cs;sfj;jpy; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l \gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs;
Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik| ,d; KjyhtJ fl;lk; ,t;thz;Lg;
gFjpapy; eilKiwf;fplg;gl;likahdJ $Ljyhd njhopw;ghl;L
tpidj;jpwid
toq;fpaJld;
gd;dhl;Lj;
njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijg;
gphptpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffSf;fhd fl;Lg;ghl;Lg;
gz;GfisAk; mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jJ. ,J gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; gug;gg;gl;l nryhtzp tPjq;fSld; njhlHghd
jfty;fisg; gug;Gtjpd; juj;ijAk; tpiutpidAk; mjpfhpj;jJ.
ml;ltiz II-18
tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpf;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; msT - 2013
I.m.nlhyH kpy;ypad;
,d;iwa
ehs;
khjk;
2 ehs; ehis
Kd;Ndhf;fpa nkhj;jk;
399.91 277.82
92.31
378.23 1,148.27
rdthp
296.71 182.55 145.12
331.34
955.71
ngg;GUthp
367.61 288.98 165.01
445.79 1,267.39
khr;R
418.68 230.94 278.72
432.50 1,360.83
Vg;gpwy;
381.15 302.78 187.23
503.19 1,374.35
Nk
420.53 252.18 111.61
453.21 1,237.54
A+d;
209.10 200.55 149.53
599.69 1,158.87
A+iy
91.84 225.50 225.50
550.17 1,093.00
Xfj;J
304.21
710.01
nrj;njk;gH 122.05 157.95 125.80
292.91 142.62 235.33
400.43 1,071.28
xj;NjhgH
146.78 240.83 214.60
515.82 1,118.02
entk;gH
381.46 228.85 141.24
458.50 1,210.05
jpnrk;gH
3,528.73 2,731.55 2,072.00
5,373.08 13,705.32
nkhj;jk;
%yk;: gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
gFjp II - 97
ml;ltiz II-19
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapd;;

nfhs;tdT kw;Wk; tpw;gid - 2013
I.m. nlhyH kpy;ypad;
khjk;
rdthp
ngg;GUthp
khr;R
Vg;gpwy;
Nk
A+d;
A+iy
Xfj;J
nrj;njk;gH
xj;NjhgH
entk;gH
jpnrk;gH
nkhj;jk;
nfhs;tdT
434.75
102.50
17.00
61.50
20.00
65.00
12.00
2.50
164.15
20.00
239.20
1,138.60
tpw;gid
26.00
25.25
18.00
59.68
110.30
328.87
60.60
11.48
51.38
11.45
703.01
Njwpa
nfhs;tdT
(tpw;gid)
408.75
77.25
17.00
43.50
20.00
5.32
-110.30
-316.87
-58.10
152.67
-31.38
227.75
435.59
%yk;: gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
19. nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTfs;

nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTfs; jpizf;fsk; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L njhopw;ghLfSf;fhd
nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT njhopw;ghLfisj; njhlHe;Jk;
toq;fpaJld;
ehl;bd;
ghJfhg;G>
gj;jpukhdjd;ik>
tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT Kiwikfis
Nkk;gLj;JtJ vd;gd kPJ Kf;fpa ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;jpaJ.
,jd;gb> nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTfs; jpizf;fsk;> mNjNeu
nkhj;jjj; jPHg;gdT Kiwikapd; njhopw;ghLfs;> ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp xJf;F Kfhikj;Jtk;
kw;Wk; jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfs; njhlHgpy; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk;
jPHg;gdT mwpTWj;jy;fis nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jp nfhLg;gdTfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd gpd;duq;f mYtyfj; njhopw;ghLfs;> Rtpg;w;
njhlHG+l;ly; Kiwikfspd; Kfhikj;Jtk;> Mrpaj; jPHg;gdt
xd;wpaj;jpD}lhf epjpa khw;wy;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk;
nfhs;if tbtikg;G kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT
Kiwikfspd; Nkw;ghHit Mfpatw;wpid Nkw;nfhz;lJ. 2013Mk;
Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT jpizf;fsj;jpd;
Kf;fpa njhopw;ghl;Lj; Jiwfspy; fhzg;gl;l nrayhw;wk; fPNo
njhFj;Jj; jug;gLfpwJ.
19.1 mNjNeu nkhj;jj; jPHg;gdT Kiwik
nfhLg;gdT
kw;Wk;
jPHg;gdTj;
jpizf;fsk;
fhNrhiy
gpujpikg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Rw;Nwhl;lf; Fiwg;G Kiwik cl;gl
,yq;if tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd nfhLg;gdT Kiwik kw;Wk;
Vida ,yj;jpudpay; rpy;yiwf; nfhLg;gdT Kiwik mNjNghd;W
mNjNeu nkhj;j mbg;gilapyhd thbf;ifahsH nfhLg;gdT
vd;gdtw;iw jPHg;gdT nra;jJ. nghJthd jd;dpaf;ff; $w;Wg;
nghwp Mopf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; cs;sf tq;fp jPHg;gdTfSk;
2013 A+iyapy; nghJthd jd;dpaf;ff; $w;Wg; nghwp Mopapd;
eilKiwg;gLj;jYld; mNjNeu nkhj;jj; jPHg;gdT KiwikapD}
lhf jPHg;gdT nra;ag;gl;ld. NkYk;> nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk;
jPHg;gdTfs; jpizf;fsk; mNjNeu nkhj;jj; jPHg;gdt Kiwikapd;
R%fkhd
njhopw;ghLfis
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
Nkyjpf
epjpapidf; Nfhhpa gq;Nfw;ghsHfSf;F xU ehSf;Fs;Nsahd
jput trjp Vw;ghLfis trjpg;gLj;jpaJld; fz;fhzpg;gpidAk;
Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
xx
2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; mNjNeu nkhj;jj; jPHg;gdT

Kiwikapdhy; jPHg;gdT nra;ag;gl;l nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd;
nkhj;j msT 306>977 MfTk; nkhj;jg; ngWkjp &.54>070
gpy;ypadhfTk; tpsq;fpaJ.
- 2013
gFjp II
xx
ehnshd;wpy; jPHg;gdT nra;ag;gl;l mNjNeu nkhj;jj;

jPHg;gdT nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; ruhrhp msTk; ruhrhp
ngWkjpAk; KiwNa 1>263MfTk; &.223 gpy;ypadhfTk;
fhzg;gl;ld.
mNjNtis> epjpapay;
epakq;fSld; ,ire;J
jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk;
juk; caHj;jg;gl;l Gjpa
xx
ruhrhpahf> xU ehSf; F s; N sahd jput trjpA+lhf

gq; N fw; g hsHfSf; F ehnshd; W f; F &.19.2 gpy; y pad;
tpLtpf; f g; g l; l J.
xx
2013,y; mDg;gg;gl;l kw;Wk; ngwg;gl;l nkhj;j Rtpg;w;

nra;jpfs; KiwNa 1>553>537 MfTk; 862>432 MfTk;
fhzg;gl;ld.
xx
nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; 2013Mk; Mz;Lg;

gFjpapy; 99.92 rjtPjkhd Kiwikf;fpilg;gdtpidg;
NgzpaJ.
xx
jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; Rtpg;w; gpuNahf ,ilKfj;jpw;F

Nkyjpfkhf> Rtpg;w; ntg;jsj;jpid gad;gLj;JtjD}lhf
Kiwikapid mZFtjw;fhd trjpapid toq;Ftjw;fhf>
2013,y; Rtpg;w; gzpahdJ Rtpg;w; jiyikafj;jpdhy;
caHj;jg;gl;lJ
xx
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpf;

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;F trjpaspf;Fk; nghUl;L> Kiw
khw;wpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Ntiy Kiwikfspd;
fPo; Rtpg;w; gzpfs; K.g. 8.00 kzpapypUe;J gp.g. 8.00 kzp
tiu fpilf;fr; nra;ag;gl;ld.
19.2 ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; jPHg;gdT

2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj;
jpizf;fsk;> gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
gd;dhl;L
xJf;F
Kfhikj;Jt
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; njhlHghd gpd;duq;fj; njhopw;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhz;l Ntisapy;> tzpf miw etPdkag;gLj;jy;
nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;ehl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Gjpa jpiwNrhp Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikapd;
ntw;wpfukhd eilKiwg;gLj;jYf;Fk; gq;fspj;jJ. jpiwNrhp
Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikapd; gpd;duq;f mYtyf khjphp mikg;gpid
epiwT nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd cs;sPLfis nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk;
jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; toq;fpaJld; gpd;duq;f mYtyfj;
njhopw;ghLfspd; njhlHghd ghPl;rpg;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; njhlHfspYk;
gq;Nfw;wJ. 2013 entk;gH 1Mk; ehs; jpiwNrhp Kfhikj;Jt
Kiwikapd;
Neubj;
njhopw;ghLfs;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJld;>
nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; Gjpa Kiwikapd;
tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f nraw;ghLfis cWjpg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L
Mz;bd; ,Wjp ,uz;L khj fhyg;gFjpapYk; gioa kw;Wk;
Gjpa Kiwfs; ,uz;bidAk; rkhe;jukhd Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhz;l
Ntisapy; ehshe;j njhopw;ghLfSf;fhf jlq;fyw;w gpd;duq;f
mYtyfj; njhopw;ghLfisAk; toq;fpaJ.
xx
2013Mk; Mz;by; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk;

ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp tHj;jfg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; epjpaply;>
gzr; re;ij> epiyahd tUkhdg; gpizaq;fs;> jq;f
tHj;jff; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; kw;Wk; Mrpaj; jPHg;gdTf;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; njhlHghf I.m.nlhyH 265 kpy;ypad;
nfhz;l 16>899 nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisj; jPHg;gdT nra;jJ.
2012Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLifapy;> nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd;
vz;zpf;if 14 rjtPj tPo;r;rpiaf; fhl;ba Ntisapy;
mj;jifa nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; ngWkjp 17 rjtPjk;
nfhz;l mjpfhpg;gpidg; gjpT nra;jJ.
xx
gd;dhl;Lj; njhopw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l

ntspehl;L xJf;F Kfhikj;Jtf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd;
caHe;j mstpw;F trjpaspf;Fk; nghUl;L 2013Mk; Mz;L
KOtJk; Kiwkhw;W mbg;gilapy; gzpahw;Wk; Kiwik
njhlHe;Jk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
19.3 jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfspd; fPohd nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd;
jPHg;gdT
jpwe;j re;ij njhopw;ghLfSf;fhd gpd;duq;f mYtyfj;jpd;
njhopw;ghLfs;>
yq;fh
nrl;by;
gq;Nfw;ghsHfspdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kPs;nfhs;tdT kw;Wk; NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdTf;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; mbg;gilapy; mtHfSf;Fr; nra;ag;gl;l
gpizaq;fspd;
xJf;Ffsplhf
nfhLg;gdTfs;
kw;Wk;
jPHg;gdTfs; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
xx
nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; &.5>677

gpy;ypad;
njhif
nfhz;l
5>270
kPs;nfhLg;gdTf;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisAk; &.187 gpy;ypad; njhif nfhz;l
262 NeHkhw;W kPs;nfhs;tdTf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisAk;
&.129 gpy;ypad; njhif nfhz;l cldb tpw;gid kPjhd 84
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
19.4 Rtpg;w; njhlHG+l;ly;fs;

Vida cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L epjpapay; epWtdq;fSldhd
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; midj;J Rtpg;w; njhlHG+l;ly;fisAk;
ifahs;fpd;w ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Rtpg;w; Kiwikia
nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; NgZfpd;wJ.
gFjp II - 98
njhiyj; njhlHG+l;lypy; cyfshtpa

nry;Yk; nghUl;L> nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk;
2013 entk;ghpy; Rtpg;w; Kiwikapd;
gjpg;gpid ntw;wpfukhf epWtpaJ.
19.5 Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpaj;jpd; fPohd nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;

nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT
xd;wpa nghwpKiwapD}lhf Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpaj;jpd;
xd;gJ
cWg;gpdH
ehLfspd;
gpuNjrq;fSf;Fs;Nsahd
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;F trjpaspj;jJ.
xx
2013,y; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpa

nghwpKiwaplhf
,yq;ifapdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd;
nkhj;j
vz;zpf;ifapidAk;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; ngWkjpAk; KiwNa 5>018 MfTk;
&.243.6 gpy;ypadhfTk; fhzg;gl;ld. Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpa
nghwpKiwapd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Njwpa jPHg;gdTfspd;
ngWkjp &.198.9 gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
xx
Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpa gzpg;ghsH rigapd; 42MtJ

$l;lk;
2013
A+dpy;
ghfpj;jhdpy;
eilngw;wJld;
,f;$l;lj;jpy; Jiz MSeUk; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk;
jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsg; gzpg;ghsUk; KiwNa Mrpaj;
jPHg;gdT xd;wpa gzpg;ghsH rigapd; gzpg;ghsuhfTk;
khw;Wg; gzpg;ghsuhfTk; gq;Nfw;wdH. Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT
xd;wpa gzpg;ghsH rigapd; 42MtJ $l;lj;jpy; vLf;fg;gl;l
jPHkhdq;fisg; gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fj; Njitahd khw;wq;fis
$l;bizf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; 2013 nrj;njk;ghpy;
nfhLg;gdT
kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpa
nghwpKiwapd; njhopw;ghl;L mwpTWj;jy;fisj; jpUj;jpaJ.
xx
2013 entk;ghpy; jpiwNrhp Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik

njhlq;fg;gl;lJld;
Mrpaj;
jPHg;gdT
xd;wpa
nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;> Mrpaj; jPHg;gdt xd;wpa
nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fis fzdp topapy; cldbahf
nrad;Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F trjpaspg;gjw;fhf jpiwNrhp
Kfhikj;Jt KiwikfSld; ,izf;fg;gl;ld.
19.6 nfhLg;gdT Kiwikf; nfhs;if kw;Wk; Nkw;ghHit

nfhLg; g dT kw; W k; jP H g; g dTj; jpizf; f sk; ehl; b y; ghJfhg; G >
Mw; w y; kw; W k; tpidj; j pwd; kpf; f nfhLg; g dT kw; W k; jP H g; g dT
Kiwik vd; g dtw; i wg; NgZtjd; %yk; nfhLg; g dT
kw; W k; jP H g; g dT cWjpg; g hl; b id cWjpg; g Lj; J tjw; f hf
xOq; F Kiwg; g Lj; j y; kw; W k; Nkw; g hHit eltbf; i ffis
Nkw; n fhz; l J. NkYk; > ,yj; j pudpay; rpy; y iwf; nfhLg; g dT
Kiwikfspd; njhopw; g hLfis xOq; F Kiwg; g Lj; J tjw; f hf
xOq; F Kiwg; g Lj; j y;
fl; l ikg; G k;
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,jd; g b>
2013,y;
nfhLg; g dT
kw; W k;
jP H g; g dTj;
jpizf; f sj; j pdhy;
gpd; t Uk;
Kf; f pa
Nkw; g hHit
eltbf; i ffs; Nkw; n fhs; s g; g l; l d.
xx
nfhLg;gdT ml;ilfs; kw;Wk; nry;yplf; nfhLg;gdT

gzpfspd; xOq;Ftpjpfspy; vjpHNehf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW
eilKiw kw;Wk;
rl;lg; gpur;ridfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
nghUl;L> 2009Mk; Mz;bd; 1Mk; ,yf;f nfhLg;gdT ml;il
gzp toq;FNthH xOq;FtpjpfSf;Fg; gjpyhf> 2013 A+d;
7Mk; ehsd;W 2013Mk; Mz;bd; 01Mk; ,yf;f nfhLg;gdT
ml;ilfs; kw;Wk; nry;yplf; nfhLg;gdT Kiwik xOq;Ftpjp
tpLf;fg;gl;lJ.
- 2013
gFjp II
xx
jifikAila jug;gpduhy; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l Kd;nkhopTfis

kjpg;gL
P
nra;j gpd;dH> nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj;
jpizf;fsk; nfhLg;gdT ml;il tpahghuj;jpy; <LgLtjw;fhf
%d;W epWtdq;fSf;Fk; ,- gzj;jpid mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l
nry;yplf;
nfhLg;gdT
Kiwiknahd;wpid
njhopw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
nry;ypl
tiyaikg;Gj;
njhopw;ghl;lhsUf;Fk; chpkq;fis toq;fpaJ. NkYk;>
fl;Lf;fhg;G fzf;fpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ,-gz
Kiwiknahd;wpid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Vw;fdNt chpkk;
toq;fg;gl;bUe;j njhiyj; njhlHG+l;ly; tiyaikg;G
njhopw;ghl;lhsUf;F ngWkjp Nrkpf;fg;gl;l ml;ilapid
nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;fhf toq;Ftjd; %yk; ,-gzj;
jpl;lnkhd;wpidj; njhopw;gLj;Jtjw;F xg;Gjy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
xx
,yq;ifapy;
nfhLg;gdT
ml;ilj;
njhopw;ghLfspd;
ghJfhg;gpidAk; gj;jpukhd jd;ikapidAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk;
nghUl;L epjpapay; ifNaw;G tpahghuj;jpy; <LgLk;
epWtdq;fspd; tpw;gid ika Kidf;NfhbfSf;fhf
gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;w
top
GFgjpifj;
njhopy;El;gk;
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,jd;gb>
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top GFgjpif njhopy;El;gj;jpid 2013 khr;R 31 mstpy;
juKaHj;jpf; nfhz;ldH.
xx
,yj;jpudpay; rpy;yiwf; nfhLg;gdT KiwikfSf;fhf

ehlshtpa nghJthd jsnkhd;wpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;
Nehf;Fld; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk;
nghJthd ml;il kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT Mopapid epWTtjw;F
njhlHe;Jk; cjtpia toq;fpaJ. nghJthd ml;il
kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT Mopapd; Kjw;fl;lkhd nghJthd
jd;dpaf;ff; $w;Wg; nghwp Mop 2013 A+iy 23Mk; ehsd;W
Neubj; njhopw;ghLfis njhlq;fpaJld; Mopapd; R%fkhd
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(gpiwNtw;) ypkpnll;bw;Fk; nghJthd jd;dpaf;f $w;Wg;
nghwp Mopapd; cWg;gpdHfSf;Fk; gpd;tUk; gzpg;Giufs;
tpLf;fg;gl;ld.

(i) nghJthd jd;dpaf;ff; $w;Wg; nghwp Mopapd;
njhopw;ghLfs; kPjhd 2013Mk; Mz;bd; 1Mk; ,yf;f
nghJthd gzpg;Giu. ,g;gzpg;GiuahdJ> Kf;fpakhf
Kd;kjpAila kw;Wk; flg;ghl;Lj; Njitg;ghLfis
yq;fh fpspaH (gpiwNtw;) ypkpnll;bw;Fk; mNjNghd;W
nghJthd jd;dpaf;ff; $w;Wg; nghwp Mopapd; cWg;G
tq;fpfSf;Fk; tpjpg;gjw;fhf tpLf;fg;gl;lJ.
xx
xx
(ii) nghJthd jd;dpaf;ff; $w;Wg; nghwpA+lhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;

gLfpdw
; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs; kPJ tpjpff
; j;jf;f fl;lzk;
njhlHghd 2013Mk; Mz;bd; 2Mk; ,yf;f nghJthd
gzpgG; iu. ,g;gzpgG; iuahdJ> thbf;ifahshplkpUe;J
ml;il toq;Fehpdhy; tpjpff
; g;glf;$ba fl;lzj;jpdJk;
ml;il toq;FehplkpUe;J epjpf; ifNaw;ghsHspdhy;
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; g;glf;$ba gu];gu ghpkhw;wy; fl;lzj;jpdJk; Nky;
vy;iyapid tpjpgg; jw;fhf tpLf;fg;gl;lJ.
fhNrhiy
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Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;
kw;Wk;
fhNrhiyg; ngWiffis tuT itj;jy; vd;gd njhlHghd
gzp trjpfs; kw;Wk; epak Neuq;fs; gw;wp tpLf;fg;gl;l
2013Mk; Mz;bd; 3Mk; ,yf;fg; nghJthd gzpg;GiuahdJ
fhNrhiy gpujpikg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Rw;Nwhl;lf; Fiwg;G
Kiwikf;F nra;ag;gl;l njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wq;fspd;
KO ed;ikapidAk; tq;fp thbf;ifahsUf;F fpilf;fr;
nra;Ak; Fwpf;NfhSld; hp+1 ,w;fhf fhNrhiyfis
Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; fhNrhiyg; ngWiffis tuT
itj;jy; vd;gdtw;wpw;fhd hp+1 njhlHghd Gjpa ntl;L
Neuj;jpid
Fwpj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
,g;gzpg;GiuahdJ>
gq;Nfw;Fk; epWtdq;fs; kPjhd 2007Mk; Mz;bd; 1Mk; ,yf;fg;
nghJthd gzpg;Giuahd thbf;ifahshplkpUe;J fhNrhiy
itg;Gf;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; thbf;ifahsHfSf;fhd
fhNrhiyg; ngWiffis tuT itg;gjw;Fkhd gzp trjpfs;
kw;Wk; epak Neuq;fs; gw;wpa gzpg;Giuapid mfw;WfpwJ.
ehshe;j
,yj;jpudpay;
rpyy
; iwf;
nfhLg;gdTfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ghJfhg;ghdJk; ek;gfkhdJkhd #onyhd;iw
cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; thbf;ifahsHfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf>
gzp toq;FNthH nfhLfld; ml;il kw;Wk; nry;yplf; nfhLg;gdT
gFjp II - 99

topfhl;ly;fSf;F ,zq;fpnahOFtJ gw;wp fz;fhzpff
; g;gl;lJ.
xx
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; tpLf;fg;gl;l topfhl;ly;fSld;

,zq;fpr; nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy; yq;fh nrl;by; gq;Nfw;ghsHfs;
jlq;fyw;w tpahghuj; jpl;lkpliy ,w;iwg;gLj;jpapUg;gjid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mtHfspd; tpahghuj; jpl;lkply;fs;
kjpg;gplg;gl;ld. xt;nthU gq;Nfw;ghsHfSk; njhlHghd
gzpg;ghsH rigapd; kPsha;Tld; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy;
Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU jlq;fyw;w tpahghuj; jpl;lkply;
xj;jpifiaahtJ Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd gzpf;fg;gl;ldH.

ehl;bd; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT Kiwikfs; njhlHghd
jfty;fisg; gug;Gtjw;fhf nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj;
jpizf;fsk; 'nfhLg;gdTr; nra;jpj;jpul;L" vd;w fhyhz;L
ntspaPl;bid ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntg;jsj;jpy;
ntspapl;lJ. NkYk;> jhspid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
,yj;jpudpay; nfhLg;gdT KiwfspYk; ghHf;f ghJfhg;Gk;
tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f ,yj;jpudpay; nfhLg;gdT Kiwikapidg;
gad;gLj;j nghJkf;fis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; nghUl;L nfhLg;gdT
Kiwfs; kw;Wk; Vida njhlHghd gpur;ridfs; gw;wp
nghJkf;fSf;Fk; tq;fpj;njhopy; r%fj;jpw;Fk; mwpT+l;Ltjw;fhf
nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; tpopg;GzHT
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

NkYk;> nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT Kiwikfspy; gpuhe;jpa
xj;Jiog;gpidg; Ngzp tsHf;Fk; tpjj;jpy;> nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk;
jPHg;gdTj; jpizf;fsk; rhHf; nfhLg;gdTr; rigf; $l;lq;fspy;
jPtpukhfg; gq;Nfw;wJ. ,r;rigahdJ cWg;gpdH ehLfs; mtw;wpd;
Njrpa nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT Kiwapd; rPHjpUj;jq;fisAk;
rhHf; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; tHj;jfk; kw;Wk; KjyPl;Lg; gha;r;ry;fis
trjpg;gLj;Jfpd;w
nghUj;jkhd
gpuhe;jpaf;
nfhLg;gdT
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cWg;gpdH ehLfSf;F cjTtjw;fhf nghJthd Ghpe;J
nfhs;sy;fisAk;
xj;Jiog;gpidAk;
miltjw;fhf
cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. 13MtJ rhHf; nfhLg;gdT rigf; $l;lk;
2013 A+iyapy; G+l;lhdpYk; 14MtJ rhHf; nfhLg;gdTr; rigf;
$l;lk; 2013 jpnrk;ghpy; ,e;jpahtpYk; eilngw;wd.
20. nfhs;if kPsha;T kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G
2007 Mk; Mz;L epWtg;gl;l nfhs;if kPsha;T kw;Wk;
fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsj;jplk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
cghaj; jpl;lkply; nraw;ghl;bid xUq;fpizj;jy; kw;Wk;
nfhs;if kPsha;T kw;Wk; Ma;Tfis elj;Jjy; Nghd;w
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cghaj; jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;jypd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpid
fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; rkfhy Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j nfhs;if
Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; vd;gdtw;iw trjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
20.1 cghaj; jpl;lkply; nraw;ghl;bid xUq;fpizj;jy;
2013 rdthp Kjyhk; ehsd;W 'Maj;jkhFq;fs; $4K

Kd;dhy;" vd;w njhdpg;nghUspd; fPo; 2013 - 2017 Mk; Mz;L
fhyg;gFjpf;fhd 7 MtJ cghaj;jpl;lk; mwpKfQ;nra;J
itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,ijj; njhlHe;J 2013 rdthp Kjy;
thuj;jpy; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; midj;J mYtyHfSf;Fkhd
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- 2013
gFjp II
ml;ltiz II-20
2013 fhyg;gFjpapy; khfhz mYtyfq;fspdhy; elj;jg;gl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;

tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;;lq;fs;
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epfo;r;rpj;
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vz;.
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kw;Wk; ,ilA+Wfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L cghaj;jpl;l
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eltbf;iffSf;fhf mwptpf;fg;gl;ld. Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;iffs;
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NkYk;> ,t;thz;by; nfhs;if kPsha;T kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj;
jpizf;fsk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; mLj;JtUk; Ie;J
tUlq;fspw;fhd cghaj; jpl;lj;jpidj; jahhpg;gjw;fhf vl;lhtJ
cghaj; jpl;lkply; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid 2013 nrj;njk;ghpy;
xOq;FgLj;jpapUe;jJ.
,e;epfo;r;rpapy;
ehzar;
rigapd;
cWg;gpdHfs;> nghJ Kfhikj;Jtf; FO> jpizf;fsj;
jiytHfs; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf jpizf;fsj; jiytHfs;> Vida
mYtyHfs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; MNyhrid
FOf;fspd; FO mq;fj;jtHfs; MfpNahH fye;J nfhz;ldH. 2013
- 2017 fhyg;gFjpf;fhd cghaj;jpl;lj;jpd; eilKiwg;gLj;jypd;
Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;lJld; 2014 - 2018 fhyg;gFjpf;fhd
cghaj; jpl;lk; 'nghwpf;Fs; rpf;Ftijj; jtpHg;gjw;F" vd;w
njhdpg; nghUspd; fPo; ,Wjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 2014 - 2018 Mk;
Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpf;fhd cghaj; jpl;lkhdJ caHthdJk;
epiyj;jpUf;ff;$baJk;
midj;ijAKs;slf;fpaJkhd
nghUshjhu tsHr;rpapid miltjw;F mtrpakhd nghUshjhu
khw;wkiljiy trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nfhs;iffis $l;bizj;J
mjd;%yk; eLj;ju tUkhdg; nghwpf;Fs; rpf;Fjiyj; jtpHf;Fk;.
2014 - 2018 Mk; Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpf;fhd cghaj;jpl;lj;jpidj;
jahhpf;Fk; nghWg;G nfhs;if kPsha;T kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj;
jpizf;fsj;jpidr; rhHe;jjhFk;.
20.2 nfhs;if kPsha;TfisAk; Ma;TfisAk; elj;Jjy;
nfhs;if kPsha;T kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsk; eLj;ju
tUkhdg; nghwp> epjpapay; Jiw rl;lq;fs;> murpiwapyhd
Nghf;Ffs;> cyfshtpa Njapiyr;re;ij> Vida kj;jpa
tq;fpfspd; cghaj; jpl;lkply;> ntspehl;Lg; gl;lg;gbg;Gf;fis
toq;Fk; fy;tpapay; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjpj; Jiwr;
nrayhw;wk; Mfpa tplaq;fs; njhlHghf gy Ma;Tfis
Nkw;nfhz;lJ. nfhs;if njhlHghd Mtzq;fisf; nfhz;l
,yj;jpudpay; nfhs;if kw;Wk; eltbf;if Kiw E}yfk;
,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; 2013 ,Wjpastpy; 735 Mtzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUe;jJ. NkYk;> jpizf;fsj;jpd; mYtyf cWg;gpdHfs;
mwptpidg; gfpHe;J nfhs;Sk; gzpfspy; <Lgl;lJld; nfhs;if
gFjp II - 100
tplaq;fspd; kPJ 11
tphpTiufis elj;jpdH.
cs;sf
fhl;rpg;gLj;jYld;
$ba
21. khfhz mYtyfq;fspd; fz;fhzpg;G
2013Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; njw;F> tl kj;jpa> kj;jpa>

tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; njhopw;gLfpd;w ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; khfhz mYtyfq;fs; kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
njhopw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; njhlHghd gpuNjrq;fspy; mgptpUj;jpAld;
njhlHGila Vida eltbf;iffisf; fhj;jpukhd Kiwapy;
Nkw;nfhz;ld. ,yq;if kj;jp tq;fpapd; gue;jsthd cghaf;
Fwpf;Nfhs;fis mile;J nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy;> khfhz hPjpapy;
khfhz
mYtyfq;fSf;F
toq;fg;gl;l
njhopw;ghLfis
fhj;jpukhd Kiwapy; njhopw;gLj;Jtjid cWjp nra;Ak;
tifapy;> khfhz mYtyf fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fskhdJ
khfhz
mYtyfq;fspd;
nraw;ghLfis
cd;dpg;ghf
fz;fhzpj;jJ.
21.1 khfhz mYtyfq;fspd; nraw;ghLfis fz;fhzpj;jy;
khfhz
mYtyfq;fspd;
fz;fhzpg;Gj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd;
fz;fhzpg;Gr; nraw;ghLfs; Mz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; xt;nthU
khfhz
mYtyfj;jpw;fhfTk;
jahhpf;fg;gl;l
tpgukhd
fyz;lH
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l
mbg;gilapNyNa
fhzg;gl;ld.
jyj;jpw;F ntspNaahd mjd; fz;fhzpg;gpd; xU gFjpahf>
khfhz mYtyfq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpid kPsha;T nra;Ak;
Nehf;Fld;> khfhz mYtyfq;fs; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsk;
xt;nthU khfhz mYtyfj;jplkpUe;Jk; ehshe;j nraw;ghl;L
mwpf;iffisAk;
thuhe;j
kw;Wk;
khjhe;j
Kd;Ndw;w
mwpf;iffisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. khfhz mYtyfr;
nraw;ghLfspd;
jyj;jpyhd
fz;fhzpg;Gf;fhf>
%j;j
Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; khfhz mYtyfq;fs; fz;fhzpg;Gj;
jpizf;fsk; vd;gtw;wpd; mYtyHfs; khfhz mYtyfq;fSf;F
27 tp[aq;fis Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jdH. NkYk;> ,t;thz;L
fhyg;gFjpapy;> khfhz mYtyfq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpidf;
fye;JiuahLtjw;fhf khfhz KfhikahsHfs; kw;Wk; khfhz
mYtyfq;fspd; Vida mYtyHfSld; 6 fhnzhsp njhiy
khehLfisAk; 07 Neub $l;lq;fisAk; jpizf;fsk; elj;jpaJ.
,t;thz;Lf;
fhyg;gFjpapy;>
mYtyHfspd;
Kfhikj;Jt
kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj; jpwd;fis Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf khfhz
mYtyfq;fs; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; gy;NtW
cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;L gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;ld.
21.2 khfhz mYtyfq;fspd; nraw;ghLfs;
(m) khfhzq;fspy; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; njhopw;ghLfis
tphpthf;Fjy;
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;> kj;jpa tq;fpAld; njhlHGila gy;NtW
tplaq;fs; njhlHghf nghJkf;;fs;> epjp epWtdq;fspd;
mYtyHfs;> Vida mur kw;Wk; jdpahH Jiw mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;
khztHfs; kw;Wk; MrphpaHfs; MfpNahUf;F mwpT+l;Ltjw;fhf
khfhz mYtyfq;fspdhy; 416 tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
elj;jg;gl;ld. epjpapay; mwpT mur gpizaq;fspy; KjyPL
nra;jy;> kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; fld;
jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; epjpapay; trjpfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjdhy; Vw;gLk;
ed;ikfs;> ehzaj; jhs;fspd; ghJfhg;Gg; gz;Gfs;> cz;ikahd
- 2013
gFjp II
jhs;fis milahsk; fhZjy; kw;Wk; ehzaj; jhs;fisAk;

Fj;jpfisAk; gad;gLj;JtJ njhlHghd ey;y gof;ftof;fq;fs;
kw;Wk; mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj epjpapay; epWtdq;fspYk; jil
nra;ag;gl;l jpl;lq;fspYk; KjyPL nra;tjd; tpisT Mfpad
Fwpg;ghf tplag; gug;Gf;fspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;ld. ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; mNef jpizf;fsq;fshy; Ntz;lg;gLk; juTfs;
kw;Wk; jfty;fisr; Nrfhpg;gjD}lhf khfhz mYtyfq;fs;
mj;jpizf;fsq;fSf;F
cjtpaspj;jd.
NkYk;>
khfhz
mYtyfq;fs; C.Nr. epjpaj;jpd; cWg;gpdHfsplkpUe;jhd
C.Nr. epjpak; njhlHghd tprhuizfisf; ftdpj;jJld;>
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspaPLfisAk; QhgfhHj;j ehzaf;
Fj;jpfisAk; khfhz mYtyfq;fspy; tpw;gid nra;tjw;fhf
tpw;gidf;
fUkgPlq;fisAk;
NgzpaJ.
njhlHGila
khfhzq;fspy; Vida mikg;Gf;fshy; elj;jg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp
tplaq;fs; gw;wpa Kf;fpakhd Ma;tuq;fq;fspy; khfhz
mYtyfq;fspd; KfhikahsHfs; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpia
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpdH.
&.1>170.5 gpy;ypad; KjpHr;rpaile;j jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd;

kPst
; oq;fiy gpurd;dg;gLj;jpa Ntisapy; kPjp &.64.8
gpy;ypad; Gjpa toq;fy;fisg; gpurd;dg;gLj;jpaJ.

(M) jpiwNrhp Kwpfs;: 2013,y; toq;fg;gl;l jpiwNrhp Kwpfspd;
nkhj;j Kfg;Gg; ngWkjp &.1>017.1 gpy;ypadhf tpsq;fpaJ.
,t;
toq;fy;fs;
13
Kjdpiy
Vyq;fspD}lhfTk;
Neubahd itg;G mbg;gilapYk; fpilf;fr; nra;ag;gl;ld.
jpiwNrhp Kwpfspd; nkhj;j toq;fypy;> &.560.8 gpy;ypad;
KjpHr;rpaile;j
jpiwNrhp
Kwpfspd;
kPs;toq;fiy
gpurd;dg;gLj;jpa Ntisapy; kPjp &.456.3 gpy;ypad; Gjpa
toq;fy;fisg; gpurd;dg;gLj;jpaJ. 30 Mz;L jpiwNrhp
Kwpfspd; toq;fy; Ma;tpw;Fhpa Mz;by; Muk;gkhdJ.
2013,y;
ntspehl;ltHfspdhy;
jpiwNrhp
Kwpfspy;
nra;ag;gl;l nkhj;j ntspehl;L KjyPL &.250.7 gpy;ypadhf
tpsq;fp> KjpHr;rpaile;j jpiwNrhp Kwpfspd; &.92.6 gpy;ypad;
nfhz;l kPs;KjyPl;bidAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.
(M) mgptpUj;jpAld; njhlHghd nraw;ghLfs;
(,) ,yq;if mgptpUj;jp Kwpfs;: 2013,y; MW Kjyhe;ju

Vyq;fis elj;jpajD}lhf nkhj;jkhf I.m.nlhyH 1>820.2
kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd ,yq;if mgptpUj;jp Kwpfs;
jpul;lg;gl;ld. ,yq;iff;fhd mgptpUj;jp Kwpfspd; nkhj;jj;
njhif I.m.nlhyH 750.1 kpy;ypad; kPstoq;fg;gl;likapid
gpurd;dg;gLj;jpa Ntisapy; kPjp Gjpa toq;fyhf
fhzg;gl;lJ.
midj;J
Ie;J
khfhz
mYtyfq;fSk;
njhlHghd
khfhzq;fspy; Mw;wy; tha;e;j Ez;ghf rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju
njhopy;Jiwfis Cf;Ftpg;gjpy; nraw;jpwDld; <Lgl;bUe;jd.
,J> njhlHghf> njhopy; Kaw;rpahsHfspd; NjHr;rp kl;lq;fis
Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;Fk;>
Gjpa
njhopy;El;g
kw;Wk;
rpwe;j
eilKiwfis gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk; Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;lJ.
khfhzq;fspy;
njhlHghd
epWtdq;fSld;
,ize;J
njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfSf;fhf nfhs;if hPjpahdJk; mNjNghy;
eilKiw hPjpahdJkhd gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. NkYk;>
khfhzj;jpy; Ez;ghf> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;JiwfSf;F
cjtpGhptjw;F NtWgl;l Jiwfspy; NjHr;rp ngw;wtHfspd;
gpujpepjpj;;Jtj;Jld; NjHr;rpahsH FOkk; xd;wpid epWTtjw;F
xt;nthU khfhz mYtyfq;fSk; Muk;g fl;l eltbf;iffis
vLj;jpUe;jJld;
cw;gj;jpahsH
kw;Wk;
ghhpastpyhd
thq;FeHfSf;fpilapy; re;ijg;gLj;jy; njhlHGfis mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjw;fhf mNef epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis elj;jpd. Mz;L
fhyg;gFjpapy;> khfhz mYtyfq;fs;> mwptpay; hPjpahd
Ntshz;ik eilKiwfs;> mWtilf;Fg; gpd;duhd njhopy;El;gk;
kw;Wk; caH njhopy;El;g Ntshz;ik cl;gl gy;NtW tplaq;fs;
njhlHghf 135 nraw;jpwd; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis
elj;jpaJld; Nkw;gb epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSf;F 6>517 gq;Fgw;WeHfs;
gpurd;dkhfpapUe;jdH.
2013,y;
khfhz
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd;
jug;gl;Ls;sd.
mYtyfq;fspdhy;
elj;jg;gl;l
tpguq;fs;
ml;ltiz
II-20,y;
22. nghJg;gLfld;
ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; 113 MtJ gphptpd; epajpfSf;fpzq;f>
nghJg; gLfldpd; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd nghWg;G ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpaplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,jd;gb> nghJg;gLfld;
jpizf;fsk; murhq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; cs;ehl;Lg; gLfld; kw;Wk;
ntspehl;L tHj;jfg; gLfld;fis toq;fpaJld;> nghJg;gLfld;
jPHj;jy; vd;gdtw;Wld; njhlHghd eltbf;iffisj; njhlHe;Jk;
Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpwJ. 2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; nghJg;gLfld;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; eltbf;iffspdJ RUf;fk; fPNo jug;gLfpwJ.
22.1 mur tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpid epjpapLtjw;fhf epjpfisj;
jpul;Ljy;
2013,y; murpd; nkhj;j fld;ghl;Lj; Njitf;F epjpapLtjw;fhf
nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk; Kf;fpakhf jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;>
jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if mgptpUj;jp Kwpfs;
vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L %yq;fspypUe;J
epjpfisj; jpul;baJ. %d;W rhjdq;fspd; fPohd mj;jifa
epjpaply; eltbf;iffspd; RUf;fk; fPNo jug;gLfpwJ.
(m) jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;: 2013,y; toq;fg;gl;l jpiwNrhp
cz;bay;fspd; nkhj;j Kfg;Gg; ngWkjp &.1>235.3
gpy;ypadhf tpsq;fpaJ. ,t;toq;fy;fs; thuhe;j Kjyhe;ju
Vyq;fspD}lhf fpilf;fr; nra;ag;gl;ld. kPsK
; jyPLfs; cl;gl
jpiwNrhp cz;baypy; nra;ag;gl;l nkhj;j ntspehl;L KjyPL
2013,y; &.90.3 gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. nkhj;j toq;fypy;
gFjp II - 101
22.2 nghJg;gLflid jPHg;gdT nra;jy;

chpa Neuj;jpYk; Jy;ypakhd KiwapYk; midj;Jg; gLfld;fSk;
rhpahd Kiwapy; jPHg;gdT nra;ag;gl;ljd; %yk; nghJg;gLflid
jPHg;gdT nra;tJ njhlHghd ehl;bd; fsq;fkw;w gjpNtl;bid
nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk; 2013,Yk; NgzpaJ. ,t;thz;by;
nra;ag;gl;l nkhj;jg; gLfld; jPHg;gdTf; nfhLg;gdTfs; &.1>143 .6
gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;ld. ,J KjpHr;rpaile;j jpiwNrhp
Kwpfs;> cs;ehl;Lf; fld;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lf; fld;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpf; fhzg;gl;lJ.
22.3 mur gpizaq;fspd; jPHg;gdtpw;F trjpaspj;jy;
yq; f h nrFahpd; jlq; f yw; w mNjNeu njhopw; g hLfis
cWjpg; g Lj; J tjd; %yk; mur gpizaq; f spd; Kjyhe; j u
kw; W k; ,uz; l he; j ur; re; i jf; nfhLf; f y; thq; f y; f spd;
jP H g; g dtpw; F
nghJg; g Lfld;
jpizf; f sk;
njhlHe; J k;
trjpaspj; j J. 2013.12.31 ,Ys; s thW> yq; f h nrFahpd;
gj;jpuq;fsw;w gpizaq;fspd; nkhj;jg; ngWkjp &.3>726
gpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
22.4 mur gpizaq;fspy; chpj;Jg; gjptpidg; NgZjy;
nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsj;jpy; Ngzg;gLk; kj;jpa itg;gf
Kiwikia mur gpizaq;fspd; chpjJ
; g; gjptpid mNjNeu
mbg;gilapy; ,w;iwg;gLj;Jk; trjp> mur gpizaq;fSf;fhd
,uz;lhe;jur;
re;ij
eltbf;iffspy;
jputj;jd;ikAk;
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSk;
mjpfhpff
;
cjtpAs;sJ.
2013,y;
nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk;> NtWgl;l Kjdpiy tzpfHfs;
Neub
tzpfH
gq;Nfw;ghsHfspD}lhfg;
Ngzg;gLfpd;w
fzf;Ffspd; vz;zpf;ifapid fUj;jpw; nfhs;shJ xt;nthU
gq;Nfw;ghsUf;Fkhf jdpj;Jtkhd milahs ,yf;fj;jpidf;
nfhz;bUg;gjd; %yk; kj;jpa itg;gf Kiwikapy; KjyPl;lhsH
gjpNtl;bid xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jpaJ. ,jw;fika> mur
gpizaq;fspd; chpj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fis chpa Kiwapy;
gjpT nra;fpd;wik> kj;jpa itg;gf Kiwikapy; fzf;Ffis
itj;jpUg;gtHfsJ clikfs;> nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs; kw;Wk;
nfhLg;gdTfs;; kpjkhd fhyhe;ju $w;Wf;fis mDg;Gk;
nrad;Kiwapid 2013,y; NkYk; Nkk;gLj;jpaJ. nghJg;gLfld;
jpizf;fsk; 2013,y; kj;jpa itg;gf Kiwikapy; fzf;F
itj;jpUg;NghUf;F 29>411 miuahz;L clikf; $w;Wf;fisAk;>
nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs; njhlHgpy; 99>108 khjhe;jf; $w;Wf;fisAk;
61>352 nfhLg;gdTf; $w;Wf;fisAk; mQ;ry; %yk; mDg;gp
itj;jJ. 2013d; ,Wjpapy; kj;jpa itg;gf Kiwikapy; fzf;Fg;
itj;jpUg;gtHfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 84>474 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
NkYk;> nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk;> NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
fhyhe;juj; juTfis ,yj;jpudpay; tbtpy; ngwtpUk;Gfpd;w
KjyPl;lhsHfis milahsk; fhz;gjw;Fk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f
gzpfis mtHfSf;F toq;Ffpd;w Ntisapy; jfty;fspd;
- 2013
gFjp II
,ufrpaj;jd;ikapid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; mr;rplg;gl;l

$w;Wf;fis mQ;rY}lhf mDg;Gtjid epWj;Jtjw;Fkhf
mstPnlhd;wpid Muk;gpj;jJ.
ypkpnll; Kjdpiy tzpfuhf epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,jd;

%yk; Kjdpiy tzpfHfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if 2013
,Wjpapy; 15 ,w;F mjpfhpj;jJ.
Kjdpiy tzpfH Kiwikapd; cWjpg;ghl;bidAk; kw;Wk;

mur gpizaq;fspYs;s KjyPl;lhsHfspdJ ghJfhg;gpidAk;
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;> nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk;> cs;ehl;L
jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; fl;lisr; rl;lk;> gjpT nra;ag;gl;l
gq;Ffs; kw;Wk; gpizaq;fs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; vd;gdtw;wpd;
epajpfspy;> 2013,y; mur gpizaq;fspYs;s Kjdpiy
tzpfHfSf;F Gjpa Kd;kjpAila xOq;Ftpjpfis tpLg;gjpYk;
Nkw;ghHit
nra;tjpYk;
xOq;Ftpjpfisg;
NgZtjpYk;
njhlHe;Jk; <Lgl;bUe;jJ. 2013,y; nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk;
Nkw;nfhz;l xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; eltbf;iffspd; RUf;fk; fPNo
jug;gLfpwJ.
(c)
Kjdpiy
tzpfHfspd;
Kjd;ik
epiwNtw;W
mYtyHfSldhd ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; khjhe;jf;
$l;lq;fs;

2013,y; nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; nghJg;gLfldpd;
fz;fhzpg;ghsH gjpthsUldhd Kjdpiy tzpfHfspd;
Kjd;ik epiwNtw;W mYtyHfspd; 12 khjhe;jf; $l;lq;fs;
xOq;F nra;ag;gl;ld. ,f;$l;lq;fs; nghUshjhu kw;Wk;
ehza mgptpUj;jpfs;> nghJg;gLfld; njhopy; Jiwapd;
nrayhw;wk; kw;Wk; mur gpizaq;fspd; Kjyhe;ju kw;Wk;
,uz;lhe;jur; re;ij eltbf;iffspd; nrayhw;wj;jpy;
jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jf;$ba Vida gy;NtW Jiwfs;
njhlHghfTk;> re;ij mgptpUj;jp gw;wpAk; fUj;Jf;fisg;
ghpkhwpf; nfhs;Sk; fUj;Jf;fskhfTk; gzpahw;wpaJ.
(m) Kd;kjpAila xOq;Ftpjpfis tpLj;jy;
22.6 ,lHNeHT Kfhikj;Jtk;
nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk; 2013,y; nghJg;gLfld; nrhj;Jg;

gl;baypypUe;J Njhd;Wfpd;w ,lHNeHTfspd; mstPL kw;Wk;
fz; fhzpg;gpid NkYk; tYg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,lHNeHTfis
Kfhikg;gLj;Jfpd;w
njhopw;ghLfspd;
juj;jpidAk;
nraw;gug;gpidAk; NkYk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ,J njhlHgpy;> nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;>
nghJeytha nrayfj;jpd; gLfld; Kfhikj;Jtg; gphptpd;
cjtpAld;
rpv];-bMHvk;v];
nfhwpNrhd;
vd;w
Gjpa
gjpg;nghd;W ntw;wpfukhf eilKiwf;fplg;gl;lJ. nfhwpNrhd;>
gy;Gil - ehza ntspehl;L kw;Wk; cs;ehl;Lg; nghJg;gLfld;
nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; kPjhd jpul;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l juTj;jsnkhd;wpidg;
NgZtjw;F trjpaspj;jJ. NkYk;> kpf etPdj;Jtk; tha;e;j
jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; gFg;gha;Tf; fUtpfs;
vd;gdtw;Wld; nfhwpNrhd; nghJg;gLfld; nrhj;Jg;gl;baypd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,lHNeHTj; Njhw;wg;ghl;bidg; gFg;gha;T
nra;tjw;Fk; gLfld; ,Ug;G epajpfspy; xl;Lnkhj;jr; nryT
kw;Wk; ,lHNeHtpd; kPjhd rhj;jpakhd Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu
khw;wq;fspd; jhf;fj;jpid vwpT nra;tjw;Fk; cjTtJld; ,jd;
%yk; cr;rkl;l gLfld; cghaj;jpid tbtikg;gjidAk;
trjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
22.5 mur gpizaq;fspYs;s Kjdpiy tzpfHfspd; xOq;;F

tpjpfs;
2013,y;> Kjdpiy tzpfH Kiwikapd; cWjpg;ghl;bidAk;

mur gpizaq;fspYs;s KjyPl;lhsHfspd; ghJfhg;gpidAk;
NkYk; gyg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; Kjdpiy tzpfHfspd;
tpahghuj;jpid elj;Jtjd; kPjhd rpwe;j MSif kw;Wk;
,lHNeHT Kfhikj;Jtk;> mur gpizaq;fspy; KjyPL
nra;ag;gl;l gzj;jpd; ghJfhg;G> Kjdpiy tzpfHfspd;
thbf;ifahsH gzpfis toq;FtJ njhlHghd juk;
kw;Wk; jpUg;jp kw;Wk; mur gpizaq;fspy; R%fkhdJk;
tpidj;jpwd;
kpf;fJkhd
re;ijfis
cUthf;Fjy;
vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpa Kd;kjpAila gzpg;Giufs;
xOq;Ftpjpfs; tpLf;fg;gl;ld.
(M) Kjdpiy tzpfHfisg; ghPl;rpj;jy;

,Wjp
,lHNeHTfisj;
jzpg;gjw;fhd
NghJkhd
%ytsq;fSld;
NrHe;j
gy;NtW
,lHNeHTfSf;F
Kjdpiy tzpfHfs; cs;shFk; jd;ik kw;Wk; rl;l hPjpahd
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; Njitg;ghLfs; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wdth
vd;gd gw;wp jyj;jpyhd ghPl;rpg;Gf;fspd; NghJ njhlHr;rpahf
kjpg;gplg;gl Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,jw;fika> ,lHNeHTfis
Kf;fpa ftdj;jpy; nfhz;l gj;J Kjdpiy tzpfHfspd;
jyj;jpyhd ghPl;rpg;G mwpf;iffs; 2013,y; epiwT
nra;ag;gl;l Ntisapy; mj;jifa ghPl;rpg;G mwpf;iffspy;
vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;l
vQ;rpAs;s
Nkw;ghHitf;Fhpa
fhpridfis
rhpnra;tjw;fhd
fhy
epHzaj;Jld;
$ba eltbf;ifj; jpl;lq;fs; eilKiwf;fplg;gl;ld.
2013 ,Wjpapy; xU ghPl;rpg;G epiwtilAk; epiyapy;
fhzg;gl;lJ.
fhpridf;Fhpa
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;
tplaq;fis rhp nra;tJ njhlHghd Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;
Kjdpiy tzpfHfspdhy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l fhyhz;L
mwpf;iffspD}lhf fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;ld.
(,) jyj;jpw;F ntspNaahd fz;fhzpg;G

Kjdpiy tzpfHfspdhy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW

fhyhe;juf; $w;Wf;fspd; mbg;gilapy;> jdpg;gl;l Kjdpiy
tzpfHfs; mNjNghd;W KOf; ifj;njhopypdJk; epjpapay;
Mw;wy; kw;Wk; njhopw;ghl;Lr; nrayhw;wk; vd;gdtw;iwf;
nfhz;l
jw;nghOJ
,lk;ngw;WtUk;
fz;fhzpg;G
nghwpKiwnahd;whd jyj;jpw;F ntspNaahd fz;fhzpg;gpy;
nghJg;gLfld;
jpizf;fsk;
njhlHe;Jk;
<Lgl;lJ.
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;> khjnkhd;wpw;F 12 mj;jifa
jyj;jpw;F ntspNaahd ghPl;rpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld;>
Njitahdtplj;J nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk; nghUj;jkhd
rhpnra;Ak; eltbf;iffisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
(<) xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; xg;Gjy;fs;

2013,y; chpkk; ngw;w tHj;jf tq;fpfs; Kjdpiy

tzpfHfshf khWtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ld. ,jw;fika
ghd; Vrpah ghq;fpq; Nfhg;gpNurd; gpvy;rp> nfhq;nfhq; md;l;
rq;fha; ghq;fpq; Nfhg;gNurd; ypkpnll; vd;gd Kjdpiy
tzpfHfshf epakpf;fg;gl;ld. NkYk;> NgHNgr;Rty; nurwP];
gFjp II - 102
22.7 mur gpizaq;fs; re;ij kw;Wk; fk;gdpg; gLfld; re;ij

mgptpUj;jp
kPs;epjpaply; ,lHNeHtpidAk; murpd; fld;ghl;Lr; nryTfisAk;
Fiwg;gjw;F
ed;F
tpUj;jpaile;j
gLfld;
re;ij
Kf;fpakhdnjhU %ykhf tpsq;FfpwJ. vdNt> nghJg;gLfld;
jpizf;fsk; 2013,y; gLfld; gpizaq;fs; re;ijapid gpd;tUk;
tpjj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; njhlHe;Jk; <Lgl;lJ.
(m) KjyPll
; hsHfs; KjyPlL
; tha;gG; f;fs; Nghd;w fhuzpapid
cs;slf;fp mtHfsJ cs;sfj; jPHkhdq;fis Kd;$l;bNa
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F trjpaspf;fpd;w Nehf;Fld; miuahz;L
jpiwNrhp Kwp fyz;lnuhd;W eilKiwf;fplg;gl;lJ.
(M) 30 Mz;Lfs; jpiwNrhp Kwpfis toq;fj; njhlq;fpajd;
%yk; 30 Mz;Lfs; tiu ,lHNeHtw;w &gh tpisT tisap
caHj;jg;gl;lJ.
(,) nfhOk;G gq;Fg; ghptHj;jidapd; cjtpAld; gLfld;
re;ijfs;> gzr; re;ijfs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr;
re;ijfs; cs;slf;fpa ,yj;jpudpay; tHj;jfg;gLj;jy;
jsnkhd;wpid
Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
eltbf;iffs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
(<) ,yq;if
gpizaq;fs;
ghptHj;jid
Mizf;FO>
nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fr; re;ij kw;Wk; yq;fh fpspaH (gpiwNtw;)
ypkpnll; vd;gdtw;wpd; cjtpAld; ,yq;if epjpapay;
re;ijapd; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fis trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
kj;jpa ,izj;jug;gpdiu epWTtjw;F jPHg;gdT kw;Wk;
nfhLj;Jj;jPHj;jy; Kiwikapid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
(c) caHe;jsT vz;zpf;ifahd gq;Nfw;ghsHfsplhf mur
gpizaq;fspd; Kjyhe;ju Vyq;fspd; Nghl;b mjpfhpj;jJ.
- 2013
gFjp II
,izg;G II-2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
mur gpizaq;fspYs;s Kjdpiy tzpfHfs;
mf;Fapl;b nrf;Fwpl;B]; ypkpnll;

,yq;if tq;fp Kjdpiy tzpfH gphpT
fg;gpl;ly; miyapd;]; ypkpnll;
nfhkH~y; ghq;f; xt; rpNyhd; gpvy;rp Kjdpiy
tzpfH gphpT
vd;l;u];l; nrf;Fwpl;B]; ypkpnll;
ngH];l; fg;gpl;ly; nurwP]; ypkpnll;
ew;nty;j; nrf;Fwpl;B]; ypkpnll;
vd;v];gP gz;l; kNd[;kd;l; fk;gdp ypkpnll;
kf;fs; tq;fp Kjdpiy tzpfH gphpT
rk;gj; tq;fp gpvy;rp Kjdpiy tzpfH gphpT
nryhd; tq;fp gpvy;rp Kjdpiy tzpfH gphpT
nty;j; l;u];l; nrf;Fwpl;B]; ypkpnll;
ghd; Vrpah ghq;fpq; Nfhg;gpNurd; gpvy;rp Kjdpiy tzpfH gphpT
j nfhq;nfhq; md;l; ~q;fha; ghq;fpq; Nfhg;gpNurd; ypkpnll;
Kjdpiy tzpfH gphpT
Ngg;gw;Ry;]; nu~wP]; ypkpnll;
(C)
re;ij
kPsn
; fhs;tdTfSf;fhd
jug;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Mtzg;gLj;jy;
(v) fk;gdpg; gLfld;fspy; re;ijfis cUthf;Ftjpy; <Lgl

Kjdpiy tzpfHfs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldH.
(V)
mur
gpizaq;fspy;
KjyPll
; hsHfspd;
Nfs;tpAk;
vjpHghHg;Gf;fSk; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gLtjid cWjpgg; Lj;Jk;
tpjj;jpy;
thbf;ifahsH
gzpfs;
juj;JlDk;
jpUg;jpfukhd
KiwapYk;
toq;fg;gLtjid
NkYk;
Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;Jld; Kjyhe;ju tzpfHfs; kw;Wk;
mtHfsJ
thbf;ifahsHfSf;fpilapyhd
cwTfis
epUtfpgg; jw;fhf KiwikrhHe;j thbf;ifahsH rhrdnkhd;W
eilKiwf;fplg;gl;lJ.
(I) mur gpizaq;fspy; RKfkhdJk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJkhd
re;ijia cUthf;Ftjw;fhf Kjdpiy tzpfHfspdhy;
mur gpizaq;fspy; jk;trkpy;yhjdtw;iw tpw;gid
nra;Ak; Kiw mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;eltbf;ifahdJ
tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f tpiyiaf; fz;lwptjw;F njhopw;ghl;L
nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ikapid toq;Fk; mNjNtis ,uz;lhe;ju
re;ij eltbf;iffis mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; re;ijj;
jputj;jd;ikia caHj;Jk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
22.8 ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;Lj; jukplypd; fpilg;gdtpid
cWjpg;gLj;jy;
murhq;fj;jpd; ,iw Kftuhfj; njhopwg; Lk; ,yq;if kj;jpa

tq;fpaplk; gd;dhl;L jukply; KftHfspypUe;jhd ehl;bw;fhd
gd;dhl;L jukplypd; fpilg;gdtpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
mj;jifa jukply; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; nghJg;gLfld; Kfhikj;Jtj;
njhopw;ghLfSld;
Neubahf
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sikapdhy;
gpl;[; Nwl;bq; ypkpnll;> ];lhd;ll; md;l; GtH kw;Wk; %b];
,d;nt];lH NrHtp]; vd;gdw;wpdhy; Mz;LNjhWk; toq;fg;gl;l
jukply;
gzpfis
kjpg;gPL
nra;tjw;Fkhd
nghWg;Gk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fika> nghJg;gLfld; jpizf;fsk;
%d;W jukply; KftHfspdJk; toq;fg;gl;;l gzpfisj;
njhlHe;Jk; kjpg;gpl;l Ntisapy; 2013,y; mtw;wpd; ,yq;if
njhlHghd Mz;L jukply; kPsha;tpw;Fk; trjpaspj;jJ.
23. gpuNjr mgptpUj;jp
gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsk; murhq;fj;jpd; rhHgpy; ehl;bd;
KOikahdJk; rkepiyahdJkhd tsHr;rpia miltjw;F
Mjutspj;jy;
kw;Wk;
epjpapay;
trjpfs;
toq;Ftij
gFjp II - 103
Nkk;gLj;Jjy; Mfpa mjd; KftH njhopw;ghLfspy; njhlHe;Jk;

<Lgl;lJ. ,g;gpd;dzpapy;> gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsk;
epjpapid toq;Fjy; kw;Wk; tpopg;GzHitf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
vDk; ,uz;L gue;j gug;Gf;fspd; fPo; jdJ tfpghfj;jpidj;
njhlHe;Jk; nraw;gLj;jpaJ.

epjpapidg; ngWtjw;fhd toptifapid toq;Ffpd;w tpjj;jpy;
gq;Fgw;Wk; epjpapay; epWtdq;f@lhf> Ntshz;ik kw;Wk;
tpyq;F tsHg;G> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk;
Ez;ghf epjpapay; Mfpa %d;W gue;j JiwfSf;F ,aYkhdsT
epjpapid fpilf;fr; nra;jy; kPJ gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsk;
ftdk; nrYj;jpaJ. ehL KOtjpYKs;s fld; trjpfspd;
gad;ngWeHfs;> kw;Wk; njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfspd; NjHr;rpia
tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F epjpapay; mwpT+l;ly;> njhopy; Kaw;rpahz;ik
mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; mWtilapd; gpd;duhd njhopy;El;gk; Mfpa
Jiwfspy; tpopg;GzHit fl;bnaOg;Gk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
jpizf;fsj;jhy;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l
gy;NtW fld; jpl;lq;fs; njhlHghd nghJkf;fspd; tpopg;GzHit
mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf> gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsk; mr;R>
,yj;jpudpay; kw;Wk; xypgug;G Clfq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;jpaJ.

2013 fhyg;gFjpapy;> gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsj;jhy; 20
nfhLfld; jpl;lq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ ,tw;Wf;fhd epjp
,yq;if murhq;fk;> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> nfhil KftHfs;
kw;Wk; gq;Fgw;Wk; epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk;
epjpaplg;gl;lJ. ,it njhlHghd tpguq;fs; ml;ltiz II-22 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

23.1 Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; tpyq;F tsHg;Gj; Jiw

2013 fhyg;gFjpapy; &.8>440 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpf;F gq;Fgw;Wk;
epWtdq;fspD}lhf nfhLfld; toq;fy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;ljd;
%yk; gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fskhdJ Ntshz;ik kw;Wk;
tpyq;F tsHg;Gj; Jiwf;fhd gq;fspg;igj; njhlHe;jJ.

,j;Jiw kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jk; gpujhd nfhLfld; jpl;lkhf>
32 tif gapHfis cs;slf;fp> Ntshz;ikahsHfSf;Fj;
Njitahd njhopw;gLk; %yjdj;ij toq;Fk; \rWrw| my;yJ
Gjpa midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa fpuhkpaf; nfhLfld; jpl;lk;
tpsq;FfpwJ.
Gjpa
midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa
fpuhkpaf;
nfhLfld; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> 20122013 ngUk;Nghf fhyj;jpy;
60>120 Ntshz;ikahsHfspilNa &.5>378 kpy;ypad; njhif
toq;fg;gl;lJld; Kd;ida ngUk;Nghf fhyj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy;
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;l fld; ngWkjp epajpfspy; 10 rjtPj tPo;r;rpiaAk;
fld; vz;zpf;if epajpfspy; 17 rjtPj tPo;r;rpapidAk; gjpT
nra;jJ. 2013,d; rpWNghf fhyg;gFjpapy;> Kd;ida rpWNghf
fhyj;jpd; 40>077 Ntshz;ikahsHfSld; xg;gpLifapy; 36>261
Ntshz;ikahsHfSf;F &.2>786 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd filfs;
toq;fg;gl;ld. Kd;ida Mz;bd; nrayhw;wj;jpw;nfjpuhf rpWNghf
fhyj;jpy; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;l nfhLfld; njhifahdJ> fld;
ngWkjp epajpfspy; 17 rjtPj tPo;r;rpiaAk; fld; vz;zpf;if
epajpfspy; 10 rjtPj tPo;r;rpiaAk; gjpT nra;jJ. ,t;tPo;r;rpf;Fg;
ngUk;Nghf fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l nts;sg; ngUf;Fk;> rpWNghf fhyj;jpy;
Vw;gl;l tul;rpANk fhuzq;fshf ,Ue;jd. fle;j fhyq;fisg;
Nghy> 2013 ,y; Gjpa midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa fpuhkpa nfhLfld;
jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gl;l fld;fspy; ney; (54 rjtPjk;) mjp$ba
rjtPjj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy; ntq;fhak; 23 rjtPjj;ijf;
nfhz;bUe;jJld; vQ;rpait> cUisf;fpoq;F> Nrhsk;> kpsfha;>
kuf;fwpfs; kw;Wk; Vida czTg; gapHfspd; Ntshz;ikf;fhf
toq;fg;gl;lJ. njhlHr;rpahf> %d;whtJ Mz;lhfTk;> 2013
fhyg;gFjpapy; aho;g;ghzk; Gjpa midj;ijAKs;slf;fpa
fpuhkpa nfhLfld; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Ntshz;ik fld;fspd; kpf
caHe;j njhiff;F tif$wpanjhU khtl;lkhf njhlHe;Jk;
tpsq;fp 32 rjtPjg; gq;fpidg; gjpT nra;jJ. mjid mLj;J
mEuhjGuk;> mk;ghe;Njhl;il kw;Wk; nghydeWit khtl;lq;fs;
KiwNa 10 rjtPjk;> 9 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 8 rjtPjg; gq;fpidg;
gpujpgypj;jd. rPuw;w fhyepiy fhuzkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;
mLj;j Nghfj;jpy; vt;tpj jilfSkpy;yhJ gapH nra;tjid
cWjpnra;tjw;fhf> kPs;ml;ltizaplg;gl;l fld;fspd; epajpfspy;
Ntshz;ikahsHfSf;fhd cjtpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
- 2013
gFjp II
ghy; EfHtpy; jd;dpiwT miljYf;F Mjutspf;Fk; Nehf;Fld;
2013 Xfj;jpy; gpuNjr mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fskhdJ 'ghhpasT
ghy; cw;gj;jp mgptpUj;jp fld; jpl;lk;" vDk; xU Gjpa
nfhLfld; jpl;lj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ghhpasT ghy;
cw;gj;jp mgptpUj;jpf; fld; jpl;lkhdJ gue;j mstpyhd
nfhLfld; jpl;lkhf fhzg;gLtJld; ghw;gz;iz toq;fy;
rq;fpypapd; vy;yh eltbf;iffisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.
Mz;Lf;fhyg;gFjpapy; ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; &gh 202 kpy;ypad;
ngWkjpahd njhif 60 gadhspfSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. ghhpasT
ghy; cw;gj;jp mgptpUj;jpf; fld; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; rYif hPjpahd
tl;b tPjq;fspyhd nfhLfld; trjpfspd; Vw;ghLfshdJ
ghw;gz;iz ifj;njhopypYs;s gz;izahsHfSf;F mwpT
,ilntspia epug;Gjy;> njhopy;El;g mwpit Vw;gLj;Jjy;
kw;Wk; rpwe;j eilKiwfs; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; xU etPd
ghw;gz;iz
ifj;njhopiy
mgptpUj;jp
nra;Ak;
vd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLtJld; ,J ghy; cw;gj;jpapd; mjpfhpg;Gf;F
gq;fspf;Fk;. etPd ghw;gz;iz Kfhikj;Jt Kiwfis
Nkk;gLj;Jjy;> caHju Gw;fis gaphpLjy;> nrwpTgLj;jg;gl;l
fhy;eil czTfspd; gad;ghL> fhy;eilfspd; cztpy; ePH>
fdpg;nghUl;fs;> tpw;wkpd;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; NghJkhdstpy;
gad;gLj;Jk; rpwe;j eilKiwfis Cf;Ftpj;jy; vd;gtw;wpd;
%yk; tPhpak; kpf;f ghw;gz;iz ifj;njhopy; xd;wpid
epWTtjw;F vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jpl;lkhdJ ,yq;ifapy;
ghy;EfHtpy; jd;dpiwT milfpd;w ,yf;fpid G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;F
ghw;gz;iz ifj;njhopypy; caHnjhopy;El;g ghw;gz;izfspy;
KjyPL nra;af;$ba njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfisf; ftUk; vd
vjpHghHf;fpwJ.

23.2 rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpj; Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jp

gpuNjr mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fskhdJ gpujhdkhf cw;gj;jp
kw;Wk; gzpfs; Jiwfspd; eltbf;iffis ,yf;fhf nfhz;L
VO nfhLfld; jpl;lq;fspd; %yk; rYif hPjpahd epjp
trjpA+lhf rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpj; Jiwf;F
njhlHe;J cjtpaspj;jJ. 2013Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; rpwpa
kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpj; JiwfSf;F gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;l
nkhj;jj;njhifahdJ 2012Mk; Mz;by; gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;l
&.4>167 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; &.5>538 kpy;ypadhf tpsq;fp
33 rjtPj mjpfhpg;gpidf; fhl;baJ. 2013 Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy;
fld; toq;fyhdJ 2012Mk; Mz;bd; 18>674 cld; xg;gpLifapy;
25>483 njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfSf;F mjpfhpj;J 37 rjtPj
mjpfhpg;gpidg; gjpT nra;jJ.
ehl;bd; vy;yh ghfq;fisAk; cs;slf;fp \nrsghf;fpah| fld;
jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;
9>063 njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfSf;F &.3>492
kpy;ypad; gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;lJ. gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;l \nrsghf;fpah|
fld;fspy; 40 rjtPjj;jpw;F Nkyhd njhifahdJ Ez;ghf>
rpwpa my;yJ eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahz;ikfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F
my;yJ ,Uf;fpd;w Kaw;rpahz;ikfis mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak;
Nehf;Fld; ngz; njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.
,f;fld; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> Mz;Lf;F 9 rjtPj rYif hPjpapyhd
tl;b tPjj;jpy; &gh 25 kpy;ypad; tiu ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbtNjhL
6 khj rYiff;fhyk; cs;slq;fyhf Ie;J tUlq;fSf;Fs;
nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. murhq;fj;jhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l
njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;l jifikiaf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,sk; njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfSf;F ehL KOtJk;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ranjhopy; tha;g;G Cf;Ftpg;G Kaw;rpf;
fld; jpl;lj;jplhf fld; trjpfis toq;fpajd; %yk; nrhe;j
rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F cjtp
toq;fg;gl;lJ. tlf;fpd; vOr;rp fld; jpl;lk; fl;lk; II kw;Wk;
fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfis kPsikj;jy;
fl;lk; II kw;Wk; III Mfpad 2013 Mk; Mz;Lfhyg;gFjpapd;
rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Vida Kf;fpa fld; jpl;lq;fshFk;.
gpuNjr mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fskhdJ> ,f;fld; jpl;lq;f@lhf
,t;tpuz;L khfhzq;fspYk; 2012,y; 9>158 Mf fhzg;gl;l
fld; toq;fy;fis 2013Mk; Mz;by; 14>845 ,w;F mjpfhpf;f
,aYkhftpUe;jJ. Mz;Lf;fhyg;gFjpapy; ,f;fld; jpl;lq;fspd;
gFjp II - 104

fPo; gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;l nkhj;j fldhdJ 2012Mk; Mz;by;
gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;l &.1>197 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; &.1>670
kpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
23.3 Ez;ghf epjpapay; Jiw
Ez;ghf epjpapay; Jiwf;fhf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l fld;
jpl;lq;fspd; gpujhd Nehf;fq;fshf epjpapay; trjpfs; toq;Ftij
Nkk;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; tWik xopg;G vd;gd fhzg;gl;ld.
,e;j jpl;lq;fshdit KiwrhH epjpapay; JiwfspypUe;J
tpyf;fg;gl;l kf;fisr; nrd;wiltjd; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;jpd.
ehl;bd; 14 khtl;lq;fspy; nraw;ghl;il njhlUk; tWik xopg;G
Ez;ghf epjpr; nraw;jpl;lk; - II kw;Wk; tWik xopg;G Ez;ghf
epjpr; nraw;wpl;lk; - II RoYk; epjp Mfpa ,j;Jiwia ,yf;fhf
nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gl;l gpujhd fld; jpl;lq;fshFk;. tWik
xopg;G Ez;ghf epjpr; nraw;jpl;lk; RoYk; epjp fld; jpl;lkhdJ
11 khtl;lq;fspy; nraw;ghl;bypUe;jJ. Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy;
,k; %d;W nraw;jpl;lq;fspd; fld; toq;fyhdJ 2012 Mk;
Mz;bd; 19>728 ed;ik ngWeHfspdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l &.1>039
kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; 32>100 ed;ik ngWeHfshy; &.1>893
kpy;ypad; njhif ngwg;gl;L fzprkhd msT Kd;Ndw;wj;jpidf;
fhl;baJ. ,J fld; toq;fy;fs; kw;Wk; njhiffspd; epajpfspy;
KiwNa 63 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 82 rjtPjkhd mjpfhpg;igf; fhl;baJ.
mNjNtis nghUshjhuj;jpd; eyNdhd;GfisAk; fpuhkpa
twpa kf;fspd; nghJthd eyd;GhpfisAk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjid
Nehf;fhff; nfhz;l rpwpa Ntshz;ikahsH kw;Wk; epykw;NwhH
nfhLfld; nraw;jpl;lk; - RoYk; epjpapd; fld; jpl;lk; 2013,y;
5>919 ed;ikngWeHfSf;fpilNa &.249 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd
fld;fis toq;fpajd; %yk; rpwe;j nrayhw;wj;jpwidf;
fhl;baJ.
23.4 tpopg;GzHtpid Nkk;gLj;Jjy;
tpopg;GzHit fl;bnaOg;GjyhdJ> Fwpg;ghf> fpuhkpa kf;fs;
jq;fspd;
epjpapay;
eyNdhd;Gfis
Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf
fy;tpawpT+l;Ltjid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;bUe;jJ. epjpapay;
rhHe;j mwpthdJ epjpapaiyg; ngWtjid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,e;epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpy;> Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G
gof;fq;fs;> tuT nryTj;jpl;lkply;> FbapUg;ghsH kl;lj;jpy;
epjpapay; Kfhikj;Jtk;> KiwrhHe;j epjpapay; epWtdq;fspd;
epjpapay; rhjdq;fs; gzpfs; vd;gtw;wpd; fpilg;gdT>
nfhLflid Gj;jprhypj;jdkhf gad;gLj;jy;> mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj
epjpapay; epWtdq;fSldhd tzpfk; njhlHgpy; Vw;glf;$ba
,lHfs; kw;Wk; jilnra;ag;gl;l nraw;wpl;lq;fs; Mfpa
jiyg;Gfs; nghJthf cs;slf;fg;gl;ld. gq;Fgw;Wk; epjpapay;
epWtdq;fspd; cjtpAld; ehL KOtJk; gpuNjr mgptpUj;jp
jpizf;fsk; 63 epjpapay; mwpT+l;ly; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspid
elj;jpaJ. NkYk;> gpuNjr mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fskhdJ
gpuNjrq;fspYs;s tq;fpahsHfs; kw;Wk; Vida njhlh;Gila
KftHfspd; kdpj tsq;fspw;fhf 20 gapw;Wtpg;ghsHfSf;fhd
gapw;rp njhlHfSf;F trjpaspj;jJld; ,g; gapw;rpfSf;fhd
kdpjts tsthsHfspid gpuNjr mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fsk;
toq;fpapUe;jJ. Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; ntspaf gapw;rp
mYtyHfspd; cjtpAld; njhopy;Kaw;rpahsHfs; kw;Wk;
Ntshz;ikahsHfspd; ed;ikf;fhf 37 njhopy;Kaw;rpahz;ik
mgptpUj;jp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisAk;
nraw;wpl;l
kjpg;gPl;L
nraykHTfisAk;
kw;Wk;
12
mWtilf;F
gpd;duhd
njhopy;El;g
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisAk;
elj;jpaJ.
,e;j
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fshdit epjpapay; trjpfspd; fpilg;gdT>
nghUj;jkhd epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J re;ijg;gLj;Jk; mwpTrhHe;j
trjp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk; vd;gtw;wpyhd mwpT+l;liy
cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; Ntshz;ikahsHfSf;fpilNa juk;
kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; mjpfhpg;G njhlHghd tpopg;GzHit
mjpfhpj;jy; vd;gtw;wpw;F cjtpGhpe;jd. NkYk;> nghJkf;fSf;F
fpilf;ff;$ba rYif hPjpahd epjpapay; trjpfs; kPjhd
jfty;fis gug;Gtjw;fhf 16 thndhyp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisAk; 2
njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisAk; jpizf;fsk; elj;jpaJ.
- 2013
gFjp II
ml;ltiz II-22
nraw;wpl;lj;jpd;
ngah;
1.
1.1
1.2
Ntshz;ik
kw;Wk; tpyq;F
tsh;g;Gj;Jiw
,uz;lhtJ ePz;l
fhyg; gaph;fs;
mgptpUj;jpr;
nraw;wpl;lk; - RoYk;
epjpak;
Njapiy mgptpUj;jpr;
epjpak;
gpuNjr mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l fld; toq;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;

(2013 fhyg;gFjpapy;)
epjpaply;
%yk;
,yq;if
murhq;fk;
,yq;if
murhq;fk;
epjp
xJf;fPL
(&.kpy;)
gzpj; jpl;lq;fs;
ePz;l fhyg; gaph;fs; Jiwia th;j;jf

kag;gLj;jy;> cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpj;jy;> ehw;W
Nkil mgptpUj;jp> mWtilapd; gpd;dhd
ifahsy;> kw;Wk; gjdply; nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;
re;ijg;gLj;jy;
jPq;Fg; gFg;gha;T kw;Wk; kpf Kf;fpa
fl;Lg;ghl;L msT rhd;wpjiog; ngWk;
tpjj;jpy; Njapiyj; njhopw;rhiyfis etPd
kag;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijapd;
Njitg;ghLfis G+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F Njitahd
cl;fl;likg;gpid mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; kw;Wk;
Njapiy rpW cilikahsh;fspd; tUkhdj;ij
epiyj;J epw;Fk; mbg;gilapy; mjpfhpj;jy;.
Ntshz;-tpahghu
nraw;ghLfspy;
gd;Kfg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Vida Kd;Ndw;wq;fis
cUthf;Ftjd; Clhf th;j;jf Ntshz;tpahghuj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
2013,y;
epjp
toq;fy;
(&.kpy;)
1>200
1>100
69
1>329
1.3
'tp];fk;" th;j;jf
kag;gLj;jg;gl;l
Ntshz;-tpahghu
mgptpUj;jpf;fhd
nfhLfld; njhlh;
,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp
1.4
Gjpa midj;ijA
Ks;slf;fpa fpuhkpaf;
nfhLfld; jpl;lk;
gq;Nfw;Fk;
epjpapay;
epWtdq;fspd;
nrhe;j epjpak;
kw;Wk; mur
tl;b cjT
njhif
ney; kw;Wk; FWq;fhyg; gaph;fspd;

gapw;nra;ifapy; <LgLfpd;w Ez;ghf kw;Wk;
rpwpasT Ntshz;ikahsh;fspd; r%f
nghUshjhu epiyikfis cah;j;Jjy;
1.5
ghhpasT ghy; cw;gj;jp

mgptpUj;jpf; fld;
jpl;lk;
,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp
ghy; EfHtpy; jd;dpiwit miltjw;F cjTjy; epjpf;fhd

kw;Wk; tHj;jf mstpyhd ghw;gz;izfis Nfs;tp
mbg;
epWTjypD}lhf ghypid cw;gj;jp nra;jy;
epjpf;fhd
Nfs;tp
mbg;
gilapy;
toq;fg;
glTs;s kPjp
epjpak; (&.kpy;)
fld;
ngw;Nwh
Uf;fhd
Mz;L
tl;b tPjk;
KOikahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;
gl;lJ
174
KOikahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;
gl;lJ
8>164
tp.fp.*
202
tp.fp.*
gilapy;
2.
Ez;ghf>rpwpa kw;Wk;
eLj;ju njhopy; Jiw
2.1
Ranjhopy; tha;g;G
Cf;Ftpg;G
Kaw;rpf;
fld; jpl;lk;
,yq;if
murhq;fk;
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l njhopy; gapw;rp

epWtdq;fspy; gapw;wg;gl;l ,isQUf;F
epjpapay; cjtp toq;Fjy;
250
41
97
10
2.2
'tlf;fpd; vOr;rp"
fld; jpl;lk; - fl;lk;
II
,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp
tl khfhzj;jpy; fld; ngWtjw;F

tha;g;Gs;s ed;ikngWeHfSf;F
mtHfspd; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffis
tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F cjtp toq;fy;
2>000 2
770
562
2.3
fpof;F khfhzj;jpd;
nghUshjhu
nraw;ghLfis
kPsikj;jy; fld;
jpl;lk; - fl;lk; II
,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp
Gjpa kw;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;w tUkhdk;

cUthf;Fk; nraw;ghLfspw;F epjpaspg;gjd;
%yk; fpof;F khfhz r%fj;jpd; tho;f;ifj;
juj;ij cah;j;Jjy;
1>000 2
472
2.4
fpof;F khfhzj;jpd;
nghUshjhu
nraw;ghLfis
kPsikj;jy; fld;
jpl;lk; - fl;lk; III
,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp
Gjpa kw;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;w tUkhdk;

cUthf;Fk; nraw;ghLfspw;F epjpaspg;gjd;
%yk; fpof;F khfhz r%fj;jpd; tho;f;ifj;
juj;ij cah;j;Jjy;
1>000
428
572
2.5
RgPl;rf; fld; jpl;lk;

('nrsghf;fpah")
,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fp
ve;jnthU Ez;ghf> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;jusT

njhopy; Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F my;yJ
tphpthf;Ftjw;F my;yJ mdh;j;jj;jpdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ve;jnthU Ez;ghf> rpwpa
kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F
7>960
3>492
KOikahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;
gl;lJ
gFjp II - 105
KOikahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;
gl;lJ
- 2013
gFjp II
2>900
254
KOikahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;
gl;lJ
12
Rdhkp mdh;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l

r%fq;fspw;F mth;fSila toikahd
nraw;ghLfspDila Mjhuj;ij kPs
epWTjy; kw;Wk; mth;fSila nrhj;Jf;fis
kPsikj;jy; vd;gtw;wpd; Clhf Mjutspj;jy;
191
81
KOikahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;
gl;lJ
8; 10
ed;ikngWNthhpd; nghUshjhu
epiyikfisAk; nghJ eyd;GhpfisAk;
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F twpa fpuhk kf;fSf;fhd
tUkhdj;ij <l;Lk; nraw;ghLfSf;F
KiwrhH nfhLflid topKiwg;gLj;jy;
345
249
kPs
mwtplg;gLk;
gzk; kPs
Row;rpg;gLj;jg;
gLk;
12
14
1>031
735
kPs
mwtplg;gLk;
gzk; kPs
Row;rpg;gLj;jg;
gLk;
12
2>104
202
2>246
956
nkhduhfiy> FUzhfy;> gJis kw;Wk;

mEuhjGuk; Nghd;w khtl;lq;fspy; twpa
Ntshz;ikahsh;fspw;fpilapyhd
tWik
xopg;Gk;> tUkhd cUthf;fj;jpw;F cjTjYk;
253
123
130
10;
Nt.m.g.ep.*
kj;jpa ehl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; Njapiy kw;Wk;

Vida epue;ju gapHfisg; gaphpLfpd;w
trjp Fiwe;j rpW cilikahsHfspdJk;
,wg;giu gaphpl tpUk;Gfpd;w nkhduhfiy
khtl;lj;jpd; ,ilepiy tyaj;jpYs;s
caHepyj;jpy; czTg;gapH nra;Ak; twpa
Ntshz;ikahsHfspw;Fk; [PtNdhghaj;ij
Nkk;gLj;jy;
295
167
88
9;
Nt.m.g.ep.*
tWikf; Fiwg;Gf;Fg; gq;fspj;jy; kw;Wk;

epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrq;fspYs;s tWikahd
fpuhkpa tPLfspYs;s twpa FLk;gq;fspd;
tho;thjhuj;jpid fzprkhd msT tpUj;jp
nra;jy;
262
113
149
12.25
tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; Nkhjy;fspd;

NghJ Nrjkile;j tPLfis jpUj;Jtjw;fhd
nfhLfld; trjpfis toq;Fjy;
600
211
305
2.6
khfhz mgptpUj;jp
nfhLfld;
jpl;lk;
,yq;if
kj;jpa
tq;fp
Ntshz;ik> tpyq;F tsh;g;G> kPd;gpbj;jy;>

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;jusT njhopy; Kaw;rpfs;>
th;j;jfk; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiwfspyhd
eLj;ju kw;Wk; nghpasT nraw;wpl;lq;fspd;
tUkhdk; cUthf;Fk; nraw;ghLfSf;F
cjTjy;
2.7
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;ida
fiuNahu kPsikg;G
kw;Wk; ts
Kfhikj;Jt
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;3
Nt.m.g.ep*
3.
Ez;ghf epjpapay;
Jiw
3.1
rpW Ntshz;ikahsh;
kw;Wk; epykw;Nwhh;
nfhLfld;
epjpak;
,yq;if
murhq;fk;
3.2
tWik xopg;G
Ez;ghf epjpr;
epjpak;
,yq;if
murhq;fk;
3.3
tWik xopg;G
Ez;ghf epjpr;
nraw;wpl;lk; II3
,yq;if
murhq;fk;
a.g.x.K*
3.4
tWik xopg;G
Ez;ghf epjpr;
nraw;wpl;lk; II
- RoYk; epjpak;
,yq;if
murhq;fk;
3.5
tuz;l tya
[PtNdhgha cjtp
kw;Wk; gq;Filik
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; RoYk; epjpak;
,yq;if
murhq;fk;
3.6
rpW cilikahsh;
ngUe;Njhl;l
njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;
mgptpUj;jp
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;3>4
3.7
Njrpa Ntshz;ik
tpahghu mgptpUj;jp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;
4.
Vidait
4.1
tlf;F> fpof;F
,yq;if
khfhzq;fspy;
kj;jpa tq;fp
Nrjkile;j tPLfisj;
jpUj;Jjy;
Kiwrhh; tq;fpj;njhopy; KiwikAld;

Fiwe;j tUkhdKila FOf;fis
,izg;gjw;F Vw;ghL nra;jy; kw;Wk;
tUkhd cUthf;f eltbf;iffis
Nkk;gLj;Jtjlhf tWikia xopj;jy;
kPs
mwtplg;gLk;
gzk; kPs
Row;rpg;gLj;jg;
gLk;
12 15.5
12 g.ep.ep.f
14 f.t.g.K.f*
1. 2013,y; Gjpa epjpaq;fs; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

2. 2.2 kw;Wk; 2.3 ,y; nfhLf;fg;gl;l fld;fspd; epjp xJf;fPL fld; tl;bfspd; &.154 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk; &.78 kpy;ypadpypUe;J ePf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
3. 2.2> 3.3 kw;Wk; 3.6 ,y; nfhLf;fg;gl;l fld;fs; KiwNa rpwg;G vLg;gdT chpik 1.02 kpy;ypad;> ag;ghd; nad; 2>100 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk; rpwg;G vLg;gdT chpik 1.75 kpy;ypad; ntspehl;L
ehzaq;fspypUe;jJld; fld; cld;gbf;ifj; jpfjpapypUe;jgbahf ehza khw;W tPjj;jpy; &gha; ngWkjpf;F khw;wg;gl;lJ.
4. ,yq;if &ghtpw;F vjpuhf rpwg;G vLg;gdT chpikg; ngWkjp caHe;jik fhuzkhf
* tp.fp.
- tpguk; fpilf;ftpy;iy
Nt.m.g.ep
- Ntshz;ik mgptpUj;jpf;fhd gd;dhl;L epjpak;
a.g.x.K
- ag;ghdpa gd;dhl;L xj;Jiog;G Kftuhz;ik
f.t.g.K.f.
- fld; toq;Fk; gq;Nfw;ghsH KftHfs; fld;ngWeHfsplkpUe;J
g.ep.ep.f
- gq;Nfw;Fk; epjpapay; epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J fld;ngWeUf;F
gFjp II - 106
- 2013
gFjp II
24. nrayfk;
25. ghJfhg;Gg; gzpfs;
tq;fp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Neuj;jpy; Kjypy; epWtg;gl;l jpizf;

fsq;fspy; xd;whd nrayfj; jpizf;fskhdJ nghUl;fs;
kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nfhs;tdT> tpLg;Gj; njhlHghd nfhs;iffis
tbtikj;J
eilKiwg;gLj;jy;>
Xa;T+jpa
epjpaq;fis
epUtfpj;jy;> gazk; kw;Wk; Vida nghJthd gzpfisAk; rl;l
hPjpahd gzpfisAk; toq;Fjy; vd;gdtw;Wld; njhlHGgl;ljhff;
fhzg;gLfpwJ.
ghJfhg;G gzpfs; jpizf;fsk; 2013 Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy;

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapid midj;J ghJfhg;G njhlHghd
mr;RWj;jy;fspypUe;Jk; ghJfhj;J ve;j tpjkhd ghJfhg;Gj;
jtWkpy;yhj XH #oiy cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ.
2013,y; nrayfj; jpizf;fsk; rhpahd Neuj;jpy; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;

gzpfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;> njhopw;ghl;L KiwikfspidAk;
eilKiwfspidAk; njhlHr;rpahf kjpg;gply; kw;Wk; juk;
caHj;Jjy;> tpLg;G> Xa;T+jpa epjpak; kw;Wk; nghJg; gzpfs;
njhlHghd tpjpfisAk; xOq;FtpjpfisAk; epUtfpj;jy; kw;Wk;
eilKiwf;fply; vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f njhopw;ghl;il trjpg;gLj;jpaJ.
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; jpizf;fsk;> juk;> rhpahd Neuk;
kw;Wk; Nghl;b tpiyfs; vd;gdtw;wpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjd;
%yk; Kf;fpakhf tpiyf;Nfhuy;fsplhf &.194.1 kpy;ypad;
ngWkjpahd %yjdk; kw;Wk; %yjdky;yhg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
gzpfisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jJ. fle;j fhyq;fisg; Nghd;Nw>
gad;gLj;JeH jpizf;fsq;fSf;fhd nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd;
Neuk; gpe;jhj toq;fiy xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L> ,yq;if
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; nfhs;tdT Kfhikj;Jt nrad;Kiwapidf;
fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhf
nfhs;tdTj;
jpl;lkply;
njhlHe;Jk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,jd; tpisthf> nrayfj; jpizf;fsk;
Mz;bw;fhf jpl;lkplg;gl;l nkhj;jf; nfhs;tdTj; Njitg;ghLfspy;
98 rjtPjj;jpid epiwT nra;af;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk;> nrayfj;
jpizf;fsk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; midj;Jr; nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fk;
nryTr; rpf;fdkhdJk; midj;ijAKs;slf;fpaJkhd fhg;GWjpg;
ghJfhg;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. nrayfj; jpizf;fsk; kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lk;> tpjitfs; kw;Wk; mehijfs;
Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lk;> tpJuHfs; kw;Wk; mehijfs; Xa;T+jpaj;
jpl;lk; vd;gdtw;iw epUtfpj;jJ. 2013 ,Wjpapy; ,j;jpl;lq;fspd;
fPo; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l Xa;T+jpaf;fhuHfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if
2>070 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ. Mz;Lf;fhyg;gFjpapy;> tof;fw;Wg;Nghd
kw;Wk; ghtidf;Fjthj mYtyf cgfuzq;fis tpw;gid
nra;tjw;fhf khj;jiw khfhz mYtyfk;> mDuhjGu khfhz
mYtyfk;> Etnuypah tpLKiw tpLjp> tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffs;
Ma;T epiyak; kw;Wk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; jiyikf;
fhhpahyak; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; 06 mstPl;Lr;rigf; $l;lq;fs;
elj;jg;gl;lJld; ,r;nraw;ghl;bd; %yk; &.4.6 kpy;ypad;
ngWkjpahd njhif tUkhdk; cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; nrayfj; jpizf;fsk; tq;fpf;Fr; rl;lg;
gzpfisj; njhlHe;Jk; toq;fpaJ. mj;jifa gzpfs; tq;fpapd;
nraw;ghLfSf;F Cf;fpahfr; nraw;gLk; tifapy; toikahd
rl;lg;
gpur;ridfspypUe;J
nfhs;iffis
cUthf;FtJ
tiuapyhd gue;jstpyhd eltbf;iffspy; fpilf;fj;jf;fjhf
,Ue;jd. ePjpkd;w tof;Ffisf; ifahs;tjpy; tq;fpapd;
chpikfis typAWj;Jtjw;Fk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; nraw;ghLkpf;f
tfpghfnkhd;wpid
Mw;wpaJ.
tq;fpf;F
Kd;dhYs;s
gy;NtW tifahd rthy;fisAk; R%fkhf ifahs;tjid
trjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> tq;fpj;njhopy; kw;Wk; epjpapay; Jiw
njhlHghf nghUj;jkhd rl;lq;fisAk; Jizr; rl;lq;fisAk;
jahhpg;gjd; %yk; Njitahd cjtpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
2013,y; nrayfj; jpizf;fskhdJ GJtUl itgtk;>
ePz;lfhy gzpf;fhd tpUJ toq;Fk; itgtk;> Rje;jpu jpd
itgtk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; 63 Mk; Mz;L
epiwT nfhz;lhl;l itgtk; Nghd;w gy;NtWgl;l kj hPjpahd
epfo;r;rpfisAk; QhgfhHj;j epfo;r;rpfisAk; xUq;fpizj;J
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jpaJ.
2013Mk; Mz;by; nrayfj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; milag;gl;l
,r;nrayhw;wkhdJ 23 cah; mYtyh;fs;> 13 Kfhikj;Jt
cjtpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; 05 tq;fp mYtyf cjtpahsh;fs;
Nghd;Nwhhpd; xj;Jiog;Gld; milag;gl;lnjhd;whFk;.
gFjp II - 107
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; jiyik mYtyfj;jpy; trjpfs;

Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy;El;gj;
jpizf;fsk; Mfpatw;wpd; cjtpAld; etPdj;Jtk; tha;e;j
ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l EioT topf;fl;Lg;ghl;L
Kiwik xd;W epWtg;gl;lJ. jw;Nghija thndhypj; njhlHG+l;ly;
KiwikahdJ nfhOk;Gj; jiyik mYtyfk;> tq;fp ,y;yk;
kw;Wk; ,uh[fphpa tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd Ma;Tepiyak;
Mfpa ,lq;fspd; 03 js epiyaq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf 25 ifalf;f
thndhypf; fUtpfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljd; %yk; juKaHj;jg;gl;lJ.
NkYk;> KiwikapYs;s btpMH fis gjpyPL nra;jjd; %yk;
rprphptp Gifg;glf;fUtp Kiwikapd; Nrkpg;G ,aysT 01
khjj;jpypUe;J 06 khjq;fSf;F mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ghJfhg;G
gzpfs; jpizf;fsk; fzprkhdsT vz;zpf;ifahd jPaizg;Gf;
fUtpfs; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlHGgl;l Vida fUtpfis fpukkhd
mbg;gilapy; jpUj;jk; nra;jJld; gjpyPL nra;jJ. caH gjtp
mYtyH xUtUf;Fk; vl;L ghJfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;jHfspw;Fk;
khyNgapy; cs;s rpndf; khpiuk; tshfj;jpy; jPaizg;Gg;
gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; nfhOk;G jPaizg;Gg; gil
kw;Wk; nrd; N[hd;]; mk;Gyd;]; vd;gtw;wpd; cjtpAld; kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; midj;J jpizf;fsq;fspypUe;Jk; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l
106
jPaizg;G
Nkw;ghHitahsHfSf;F
xUq;fpize;j
gapw;rpnahd;W toq;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> 2013,y; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; midj;J CopaHfSf;Fk; ,yq;if tpkhdg;gil kw;Wk;
nfhOk;G jPaizg;Gg; gilapd; cjtpAld; jPaizg;G ghJfhg;G
njhlHghd tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld.
tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd Ma; epiyaj;jpy; 25 ghJfhg;G
cj;jpNahfj;jHfspd; kpfr; rpwe;j Nritiag; ghuhl;b ,U
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; elj;jg;gl;lJld; 32 ghJfhg;G mYtyHfisf;
nfhz;l kw;nwhU FO mj;JUfphpatpYs;s Njrpa ngUe;Njhl;l
Kfhikj;Jt epWtfj;jpy; elj;jg;gl;l nghJthd ghJfhg;G>
kpfTk; Kf;fpa egHfspidf; ifahsy;> ghJfhg;Gf; flikfs;
kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; njhlHGfs; gw;wpa ,uz;L ehs; tjptpl
gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy; gq;Nfw;wJ.
NkYk;> 2013Mk; Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapd;
gzpkidf;F
cs;Ns
eilngw;w
midj;Jf;
$l;lq;fSf;Fk; ehL G+uhfTk; eilngw;w ehzaf; Fj;jpr;
Nrfhpg;G epfo;r;rpjpl;lq;fspw;Fk; ghJfhg;Gg; gzpfs; jpizf;fsk;
ghJfhg;Gg; gzpapid toq;fpaJ.
26. Gs;sptpgutpay;
,yq;ifapy; Gs;sptpguq;fis Nrfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T
nra;jy;
vd;gdtw;iw
tphpthf;Fk;
Nehf;Fld;
1978,y;
Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jw;fika> r%f
tpguq;fs;> khjphp mstPLfs; kw;Wk; msitg; nghUshjhuk;
vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;lthwhd gue;j nraw;ghLfis ,J
epiwNtw;wpapUf;fpwJ. jw;nghOJ jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs;
gue;jstpw;F tphptile;Js;sJld; Kf;fpa Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu
khwpfis vjpHT$Wjy; kw;Wk; kjpg;gpLjy;> tpiyfs; kw;Wk;
$ypr; Rl;nlz;fs;> ,yq;if RgPl;rr; Rl;nlz; kw;Wk; khfhz
nkh.c.cw;gj;jp vd;gdtw;iwj; jpul;Ljy;> mstPLfis elj;Jjy;>
ehlshtpa juTr; Nrfhpg;G KiwikapD}lhf juTfis
Nrfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; nra;Kiwg;gLj;jy;> gpuRuq;fs; kw;Wk; gj;jphpif
ntspaPLf@lhf Gs;sptpguq;fisAk; jfty;fisAk; rhpahd
Neuj;jpy; gug;Gjy; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapy; tpahghuk; nra;jy;
jukpliy Nkk;gLj;jy; vd;gdtw;wpw;Fg; gbg;gbahf tsHr;rp
fz;Ls;sJ.
26.1 Kf;fpa Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu khwpfis vjpHT$wy;
ehl;bd; ehzaf; nfhs;if tbtikg;gpw;F trjpaspf;Fk; nghUl;L
FWq;fhy mbg;gilapy; EfHNthH tpiyg; gztPf;fj;jpidAk;
nghUshjhu tsHr;rpiaAk; vjpHT$wpaJld; ehzaf; nfhs;if
- 2013
gFjp II
FOtpw;Fk; ehzar; rigf;Fk; rkHg;gpf;fpwJ. gztPf;f vwpTfs;>
tpiy
mirTfspd;
vjpHfhyg;
Nghf;Ffspd;
Kd;dzpf;
Fwpfhl;bahfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
vd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,J> gztPf;fj;jpd; kPJ jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk; njhlHghd
khwpfspd; tpiyfspy; milag;gLfpd;w kw;Wk; czug;gLfpd;w
khw;wq;fSld;
,ire;J
nry;Yk;
tpjj;jpy;
mbf;fb
,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;fika jpizf;fsk; njhifkjpg;G
kw;Wk; Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; jpul;lg;gl;l nfhOk;G
EfHNthH tpiyr;Rl;nlz;zpYs;s nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd;
EfHNthH tpiyfspd; mirTfis fpukkhfTk; neUf;fkhfTk;
fz;fhzpj;jJld; tpiy mirTfisg; gFg;gha;T nra;fpd;w
khjhe;j gj;jphpif ntspaPLfisAk; tpLj;jJ. gztPf;f
vjpHT$wyhdJ Kf;fpakhf EfHNthH tpiyfspd; fle;jfhy
kw;Wk; vjpHfhyg; Nghf;FfisAk; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; tpUj;jp
nra;ag;gl;l
nghUshjhu
msTrhH
njhopy;El;gq;fisAk;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
Jiwthhpahd cs;sikg;Gld; $ba nkh.c.cw;gj;jp tsHr;rpapd;
tUlhe;j kw;Wk; fhyhz;L vjpHT$wy;fs;> Jiwthhpahd
mgptpUj;jpfs; gw;wpa gFg;gha;Tld; Kjyhe;ju kw;Wk; ,uz;lhe;ju
%yq;fspypUe;Jk;
Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l
juTfspd;
mbg;gilapy;
kjpg;gplg;gl;ld. Gs;sptpgutpay; njhopy;El;gq;fspd; mwpKfj;Jld;
NrHe;J nghUshjhuj;jpYs;s eilKiw mgptpUj;jpfis cs;sPL
nra;tjw;F Gjpa Fwpfhl;b khwpfis NrHj;Jf; nfhz;ljd; %yk;
vwpTfspd; juKk; ek;gfj;jd;ikAk; caHj;jg;gl;lJ. EfHT>
KjyPL kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G Nghd;w Vida Njrpa tUkhdf; fzf;F
$Wfspd; vjpHT$wy;fSk; tUlhe;jk; jahhpf;fg;gl;ld.
26.2 tpiy kw;Wk; $ypr; Rl;nlz;fisj; njhFj;jy;
xd;gJ
khfhzq;fSf;Fkhd
khfhz
hPjpahd
EfHT
tpiyr; Rl;nlz;fSk; KOj; jPtpidAk; cs;slf;fpa xd;W
NrHe;j EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz;Zk;; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
njhFf;fg;gl;L khjhe;j mbg;gilapy; gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;ld.
,e;EfHNthH
tpiyr;
Rl;nlz;fs;
njhFf;fg;gl;likf;fhd
Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; khfhz kl;lq;fspy; tpiy mirTfis
xg;gpLtNjahFk;. jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; elj;jg;gl;l EfHNthH epjp
kw;Wk; r%fg; nghUshjhu mstPL 200304 khfhz hPjpahd
tpiyr;Rl;nlz;fSf;fhd jsj;jpid toq;fpd. khfhz EfHNthH
tpiyr;Rl;nlz;fspd;
njhFg;gpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
tpiyj;
juT jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Ngzg;gl;l ehlshtpa juT Nrfhpg;G
KiwikapypUe;Jk; ntspapypUe;jhd Vida nghUj;jkhd
ek;gj;jFe;j %yq;fspypUe;Jk; ngwg;gl;lJ.

Kjyhe;jur; re;ij kl;lq;fspy; cw;gj;jpahsH kw;Wk; nkhj;j
tpw;gid tpiyfs; vd;gdtw;wpd; mirTfis kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf
jpizf;fsk;
nkhj;j
tpw;gid
tpiyr;Rl;nlz;zpidj;
njhlHe;Jk; khjhe;j hPjpapy; njhFj;jJ. nkhj;j tpw;gid
tpiyr;Rl;nlz;zpw;fhd juTfs; ehlshtpa juTr; Nrfhpg;G
KiwaplhfTk; Vida njhlHghd mur kw;Wk; jdpahH Jiw
epWtdq;f@lhfTk; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;ld. cw;gj;jpahsH kl;lq;fspy;
ngUkstpy; mgptpUj;jpfSf;F $basT gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jf;$ba
tpiyr;Rl;nlz;zpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; Gs;sptpguj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; cjtpAld;> ,yq;iff;fhf> cw;gj;jpahsH
tpiyr;
Rl;nlz;nzhd;wpid
cUthf;Ftjw;fhf
2013,y;
njhifkjpg;G Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk; eltbf;iffisj;
njhlq;fpaJ. ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;> cj;Njr Rl;nlz;zpid
mwpKfg;gLj;JtJld;
njhlHghd
gpur;ridfs;
njhlHgpy;
jpizf;fsk;> njhifkjpg;G Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;Jld;
njhlHr;rpahd fye;Jiuahly;fspy; <Lgl;lJ.
tpiyr;Rl;nlz;fSf;Fg; Gwk;ghf> nghUshjhuj;jpy; rk;gsq;fs;
kw;Wk; $ypfspd; mirTfis kjpg;gpLtjw;fhf> jpizf;fsk;
$yp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fisAk; njhFj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jw;fika>
jpizf;fsk; mur Jiw CopaHfSf;fhf ngausT kw;Wk;
cz;ikf; $yp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fisAk; KiwrhHe;j jdpahH
Jiw CopaHfSf;fhf cz;ikf; $yp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fisAk;
fzpj;jJ. mur Jiw CopaHfSf;fhd $yp tPjr; Rl;nlz;>
kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpYs;s epiwNtw;Wj; juky;yh mYtyHfs;
kw;Wk; rpw;W}opaHfisAk; mur gs;spf;$l MrphpaHfisAk;
cs;slf;Ffpd;wikahy;> Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;> 2012,y;
tUlhe;j mur Jiw CopaHfspd; mstPl;bd; fPo; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l
gFjp II - 108

jfty;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp
mur
JiwapYs;s
midj;J
CopaH juq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpa mur Jiwf;fhd $yp
tPjr; Rl;nlz;zpid cUthf;Ftjw;fhd eltbf;ifapid
2013,y; Muk;gpj;jJ. KiwrhHe;j jdpahH Jiw CopaHfspd;
cz;ikf; $yp mirTfisg; gFg;gha;T nra;Ak; nghUl;L>
njhopy; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; njhFf;fg;gl;l Fiwe;jgl;r $yp
tPjr; Rl;nlz;izAk; nfhOk;G EfHNthH tpiyr;Rl;nlz;izAk;
(20062007 = 100) gad;gLj;jp jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Fiwe;jgl;r
cz;ikf; $yp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; fzpf;fg;gl;ld. NkYk;>
Kiwrhuh jdpahH Jiwapd; $yp mirTfs; Ntshz;ik kw;Wk;
fl;llq;fs; fl;Lkhd Jizj; Jiwia cs;slf;fp ehlshtpa
juTr; Nrfhpg;G KiwikapD}lhf Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l ehshe;jf; $ypj;
jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;ld.
26.3 ,yq;if RgPl;rr; Rl;nlz;zpidj; njhFj;jy;
ehL KOikahdJk; kw;Wk; mjd; khfhzq;fs; xt;nthd;wpdJk;
RgPl;rj;jpd; xl;Lnkhj;j epiyikapid kjpg;gpLtjw;fhd fyg;G
Fwpfhl;bnahd;wpw;fhd Njitapid epiwT nra;Ak; nghUl;L
2008,y; kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; ,yq;if RgPl;rr; Rl;nlz;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,yq;if RgPl;rr; Rl;nlz; vd;gJ ehl;bYk;
mjd; khfhzq;fspYk; ,lk;ngWk; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f
mgptpUj;jpfisg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w gy;ghpkhz Fwpfhl;bnahd;whFk;.
,yq;if RgPl;rr; Rl;nlz; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; tpahghur; #oy;>
kf;fs; eyNdhk;Gif kw;Wk; r%f cl;fl;likg;G Mfpa %d;W
Jizr; Rl;nlz;fis cs;slf;fpapUe;jJld; KOikahd
Rl;nz; 26 khwpfisAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,yq;if RgPl;rr;
Rl;nlz; Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; tUlhe;j mbg;gilapy;
njhFf;fg;gl;lJld; 2009 ,ypUe;J 2011 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpf;fhd
,yq;if RgPl;rr; Rl;nlz; 2012,y; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. RgPl;rj;jpid
Nehf;fp ehl;by; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;w nghUshjhu khw;wq;fis
vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjw;fhf
$basT
gpujpepjpj;Jt
khwpfs;
cs;slq;fyhf ,yq;if RgPl;rr; Rl;nlz;zpid Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;Fj;
Njitahd eltbf;iffis vLf;Fk; nraw;ghl;by; jpizf;fsk;
<Lgl;bUe;jJ.
26.4 khfhz hPjpahf nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpiaf; fzpj;jy;
2012Mk; Mz;bw;fhd ngausT epajpfspy; khfhz hPjpahd
nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp> njhifkjpg;G Gs;sptpgutpay;
jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
kjpg;gplg;gl;l
nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapdJ
gphpg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapy; Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
fzpf;fg;gl;lJ. xd;gJ khfhzq;fSf;fhd khfhz hPjpahd
nkh.c.cw;gj;jp tUlhe;j mbg;gilapy; fzpf;fg;gl;L 2013,y;
ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
26.5 Gs;sptpgutpay; mstPLfs;
2006,y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l gztPf;f vjpHghHg;Gf;fspd; mstPL
khjhe;j
mbg;gilapy; Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,t;tstPlhdJ epjpapay; epWtdq;fs;>
mur Jiw epWtdq;fs;> gs;spf;$lq;fs; kw;Wk; rpy;yiw
tpw;gid epiyaq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpypUe;jhd Vwj;jho 300
gjpypWg;ghsHfis
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.
gjpypWg;Gf;fs;
kpd;dQ;ry;fs; kw;Wk; NeHfhzy;fs; %ykhfj; jpul;lg;gl;ld.
gjpypWj;jtHfs; jw;Nghija gztPf;f cs;SzHTfs; kw;Wk; 12
khj fhyg;gFjpf;fhd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l gztPf;fk; vd;gd kPjhd
fzpak;rhH kw;Wk; juk;rhH jfty;fs; ,uz;ilAk; toq;fpdH.
xt;nthU khjj;jpdJk; mstPLfspd; ngWNgWfs; ehzaf;
nfhs;if FOtpw;Fk; ehzar; rigf;Fk; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;ld.
ehl;bd; mur Jiw njhopy;epiyapd; kl;lq;fisAk; Nghf;FfisAk;
fz;lwpAk; nghUl;L> jpizf;fsk; njhlHe;Jk; tUlhe;j kw;Wk;
fhyhz;L mur Jiw njhopy;epiy mstPLfis Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
,j;juTfs; Njrpa tUkhd kjpg;gPLfSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
2012 ,w;fhd tUlhe;j mur Jiw CopaH mstPl;bd;
mwpf;ifaplg;gl;lthW fhyhz;L mstPLfs; 1>000 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l
CopaHfis nfhz;l kj;jpa murhq;fk;> cs;@uhl;rp kd;wq;fs;
kw;Wk; muRrhH epWtdq;fs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.
mstPl;by; fz;lwpag;gl;ltw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gFg;gha;T
mwpf;ifAk; 2013,y; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> njhopy; tha;g;G>
njhopypd;ik> ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;G> njhopyhsH cwTfs;>
- 2013
gFjp II
njhopw;re;ij rPHjpUj;jq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsH cw;gj;jpj;jpwd;
vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpa njhopw;gil kw;Wk; njhopw;re;ij
vd;gd kPJ Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l jftYk; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; gFg;gha;T
nra;ag;gl;ld.
nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy;
NghJkhdstpw;F
cs;slf;fg;glhj
njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l jdpahH Jiwg; gzp eltbf;iffspd;
ngWkjp$l;lg;gl;l gq;fspg;gpid kjpg;gpLfpd;w Fwpf;NfhSld;
njhlHr;rpahd
rpwg;G
mstPLfs;
jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,t;tstPLfs;> jdpahH eyj;Jiw> jdpahH
fy;tp> jfty; njhopy;El;gk; ntsp%yq;fspypUe;J tpahghur;
nra;Kiwg; gzpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; Vida jdpahH
gzp eltbf;iffs; vd;gd kPJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mstPLfs;
fpilf;fj;jf;f jfty;fSf;fika xd;wpy; epfo;jfTj;jd;ikapid
my;yJ epfo;jftw;w khjphp Kiwapid mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;bUe;jd. xt;nthU JiwapypUe;Jk; nkh.c.cw;gj;jpf;F
fpilf;fpd;w ngWkjp$l;lg;gl;l gq;fspg;G> Jiwthhpahd tsHr;rp
kjpg;gPLfSld; NrHe;J Nkyjpf njhopy;El;gj;Jld; kjpg;gplg;gl;ld.
ngWNgWfs; vjpHfhyf; nfhs;if tFg;G Nehf;fq;fSf;F
gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Kfhikj;Jtj;jplk; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;ld.
26.6 ehlshtpa juT Nrfhpg;G Kiwik
1978,y; njhlq;fpa ehlshtpa juT Nrfhpg;G KiwikahdJ
Gs;sptpgur;
Nrfhpg;ghsHfshf
njhopw;gLfpd;w
gs;spf;$l
MrphpaHfspy; ehlshtpa tiyaikg;gpD}lhf njhopw;gLfpd;wJ.
KiwikahdJ 102 juT Nrfhpg;G epiyaq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.
,t;thrphpaH Gs;sptpgur; Nrfhpg;ghsHfs; EfHTg; nghUl;fspd;
rpy;yiw tpiyfs;> Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpbg; gz;lq;fspd;
cw;gj;jpahsH tpiyfs;> Kiwrhuh jdpahH JiwAld; njhlHghd
ehshe;jf; $ypfs; kw;Wk; Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpbg; gz;lq;fspd;
vjpHfhy cw;gj;jp kl;lq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw thuhe;j> khjhe;j
kw;Wk; fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy; Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F
mDg;gp itf;fpd;wdH. Mrphpa Gs;sptpgur; Nrfhpg;ghsHfs;
tiyaikg;gpw;Fg; Gwk;ghf> ehlshtpa juTr; Nrfhpg;G KiwikAk;
MrphpaHfsy;yhj Gs;sptpgur; Nrfhpg;ghsHfspd; Gwf;Nfhl;ilr;
re;ij> kwlfKy;y mhprpr;re;ij kw;Wk; jk;Gs;s> ehufd;gpl;b
rpwg;G nghUshjhuikaq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpypUe;jhd nkhj;j kw;Wk;
rpy;yiw tpw;gid tpiyfs; vd;gd njhlHghd ehshe;j kw;Wk;
thuhe;j mbg;gilapyhd juT mwpf;iffisg; gad;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;lJ.
jpizf;fsk; ehlshtpa juT Nrfhpg;G Kiwikapd; fPo;
Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l juTfis tpiyr;Rl;nlz;fisj; njhFj;jy;>
tpiy mirTfis vjpHT$wy;> tpiyfs; kPjhd nfhs;if
khw;wq;fspd;
jhf;fj;jpid
kjpg;gply;
kw;Wk;
Njrpa
nrytpdk; kw;Wk; tUkhdj;jpid kjpg;gply; Nghd;w gy;NtW
Nehf;fq;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;JfpwJ. juTfspd; Jy;ypakhd
jd;ikapidAk; rhpahd Neuj;jpidAk; NgZk; nghUl;L>
jpizf;fsk; Gs;sptpgur; Nrfhpg;ghsHfspdhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l
juTfs; njhlHgpy; jyj;jpyhd kw;Wk; jyj;jpw;F ntspNaahd
Nkw;ghHitfis fpukkhf Nkw;nfhz;lJ. mJ jtpu> ,j;jutpd;
Jy;ypakhd jd;ikahdJ> jpizf;fsj;jpd; mYtyHfspdhy;
nfhOk;G khtl;lj;jpYs;s njhpT nra;ag;gl;l re;ijfspypUe;J
Neubahf Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l tpiyj; juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp NkYk;
rhpghHf;fg;gl;ld. 2012,idg; Nghd;Nw> njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l juT
Nrfhpg;G ikaq;fspd; Nkw;ghHit eltbf;iffs; kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
khfhz mYtyfq;fsplhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
toikahd eilKiwfisj; njhlHe;J> mz;ika re;ij
mgptpUj;jpfs; kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;jpy; mz;ikapy; Njhw;wk;
ngw;wpUf;Fk;
nghUshjhu
eltbf;iffs;
vd;gdtw;iw
cs;slf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; juTr; Nrfhpg;gpw;fhf ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;l
gbtq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;
juT Nrfhpg;G nrad;Kiw Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Neufhyj;Jld;
vr;rhpf;ifg;gLj;jg;gLk;
Kiwikf;fhf
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
juTg;gbtKk;
$Ljyhd
jfty;fisAk;
gad;gLj;JeH
rpNefG+Htjd;ikapidAk; cUthf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ,t;thz;Lg;
gFjpapy; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;ld.
toikahd eilKiwfSld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy;>
gpuNjrq;fs;
KOtjpYk;
milahsk;
fhzg;gl;l
tpiy
mgptpUj;jpfspy; fhzg;gl;l NtWghLfs; njhlHghd mDgtq;fis
gFjp II - 109

gfpHe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; mgpg;gpuhaq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd; njhopw;ghLfs; njhlHghd gpur;ridfis
fye;JiuahLtjw;fhfTk; 2013,y; nfhOk;G> khj;jiw> mEuhjGuk;>
fz;b kw;Wk; aho;g;ghzk; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; Ie;J ehlshtpa
juTr; Nrfhpg;G Kiwik gpuhe;jpa Ma;tuq;Ffs; elj;jg;gl;ld.
,e;j Ma;tuq;F nghUshjhuj;jpd; jw;Nghija mgptpUj;jpfs;
kPjhd mwpT+l;ly;fis mtHfSf;F toq;fpd.
26.7 'tpahghuk; nra;jiy ,yFgLj;Jk;" jukpliy Nkk;gLj;jy;
2009 ,ypUe;J Gs;sptpgutpay; jpizf;fsk; ,yq;ifapd;
'tpahghuk; nra;jiy ,yFgLj;jy;" jukpliy Nkk;gLj;Jk;
eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;bUe;jJ. ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf jpizf;fsk;
2013,y;
gy
Kf;fpa
eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhz;lJ.
,e;eltbf;iffs; 'tpahghuk; nra;jiy ,yFgLj;jy;" jukpliy
Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhd
cghaq;fisAk;>
eLj;ju
fhyj;jpy;
jukpliy NkYk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;ba
vjpHfhy cghaq;fisAk; tbtikg;gjw;F Kf;fpa MHtyHfspd;
gq;Nfw;Gld;
fye;Jiuahly;fis
xOq;Fnra;jy;>
juT
toq;FeHfSf;F mtHfsJ mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; eltbf;if
Kiwfs; njhlHghf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l rPHjpUj;jq;fs;
,lk;ngw;w Jiwfs; gw;wp mtHfSf;F mwptpg;gjw;fhf Kf;fpa
MHtyHfSf;Fg; nghJthd Nkilnahd;wpw;F trjpaspf;Fk;
Nehf;Fld; Kf;fpa MHtyHfspdJk; juT toq;FNthhpdJk;
gq;Nfw;Gld;
xOq;F
nra;ag;gl;l
fye;Jiuahly;fs;>
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rPHjpUj;jq;fs; gw;wp thrpq;ldpYs;s cyf tq;fp
jiyik mYtyfj;Jld; Neubahff; fye;JiuahLtjw;F Kf;fpa
MHtyHfis ,aYikg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; fhnzhsp khehLfs;
gytw;iw elj;jpaik kw;Wk; gpur;rid gw;wpa njspTgLj;jy;fs;>
rPHjpUj;jq;fs; kw;Wk; gpur;ridfs; gw;wpa mwpf;iffis
cyf tq;fpf;F rkHg;gpj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jd.
,jd; tpisthf ,yq;ifapy; tpahghuk; nra;jy;> jukpliy
KOikahd epajpfspy; 60.87 ,ypUe;J 2014,y; 61.83 ,w;F
mjpfhpf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJld; fl;Lkhdq;fSf;fhd chpkq;fs;>
kpd;tYtpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;> thp nrYj;Jjy; kw;Wk;
vy;iy fle;j tHj;jfg;gLj;jy; Mfpatw;iwf; ifahs;tJld;
njhlHghd tplaq;fspy; milag;gl;l Kd;Ndw;wk; fhuzkhf
Kd;Ndw;wq;fz;l ehLfSf;Fk; ehl;bw;Fkpilapy; fhzg;gl;l
,ilntsp FWf;fkile;jJ. ,yq;if njd;dhrpahtpy; kpf
caHe;j jukpliyf; nfhz;l ehlhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
26.8 Gs;sptpguq;fisg; gug;Gjy;
Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk; nfhs;if tFg;NghH> Muha;r;rpahsH>
fy;tpahsHfs;> njhopy;rhH epGzHfs;> khztHfs; kw;Wk;
nghJkf;fSf;F jw;NghJ <LghLs;s r%fg; nghUshjhu juTfis
gue;jstpy; gug;Gtjw;Fg; nghWg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,t;thz;Lg;
gFjpapy; Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk; ,uz;lhtJ jlitahf
Kk;nkhopfspYk; mjd; ,uz;L Kf;fpa Mz;L ntspaPLfshd
',yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%fg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2013 njhFjp XXXV" ,id 2013 Vg;gpwypYk;> ',yq;if r%f
nghUshjhu juT kbg;G - 2013 - njhFjp XXXVI" ,id 2013
A+dpYk; ntspapl;lJ. NkYk;> ,J 2013,y; thuhe;j kw;Wk; khjhe;j
nghUshjhuf; Fwpfhl;bfis ntspapl;lJ. Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;
kj;jpa tq;fp Mz;lwpf;iff;Fk; mz;ikf;fhyg; nghUshjhu
mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fSf;Fg; gq;fspf;fpd;wJ.
NkYk;> njhifkjpg;G Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l
njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l czTg; gz;lq;fspd; tpiyfSk; nfhs;if
Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp mikr;rpw;F thuhe;jk;
mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. cs;sf gpuNjr jpizf;fsj;jpd; ntg;jskhd
];uhnew; tiyaikg;Gk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntg;jsKk;
fpukkhd mbg;gilapy; ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
27. mYtyH gzpfs; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpizf;fsk;
mYtyH gzpfs; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpizf;fsk;1 Mz;L KOtJk;
midj;J gad;ngWeHfSf;Fk; tpidj;jpwDlDk; gaDW
tpjj;jpYk; eyd;Ghp trjpfisj; njhlHe;Jk; toq;fpaJ. mYtyH
gzpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfs; mYtyH
tPlikg;G (<l;L) fld; jpl;lk;> Nrk epjpa fld; jpl;lk; kw;Wk;
mYtyH ed;ikfs; jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; fPo; fld;fis toq;Fjy;>
njhopy;jUeH gq;fspg;G kUj;Jt ed;ikfs; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;
- 2013
gFjp II
nryTfis kPsspj;jy; kw;Wk; cztf trjpfis toq;Fjy;
vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. CopaHfs;> Xa;T+jpak; ngWNthH>
tpjitfs; tpJuHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfspd; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l
jq;fpapUsg;NghH MfpNahiu cs;slf;fp 11>500 ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l
jdpegHfs; kUj;Jt ed;ikfs; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l
gad;ngWeHfshf fhzg;gl;ldH.

2013,y; mYtyH gzpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsk; 2>162
fld;fis toq;fpaJ. ,J Nrk epjpaf; fld;fs;> CHjpf;
fld;fs;> fzdpf; fld;fs; kw;Wk; mYtyH ed;ikfs; jpl;lk;
kw;Wk; tPlikg;Gf; fld;fspd; fPohd Vida fld;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.
,f;fld;fs;>
njhlHghd
midj;J
Mtzq;fSlDk; tpz;zg;gq;fs; tpz;zg;gjhuuhy; rkHgpf;fg;gl;l
gpd;dH Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpnahd;wpDs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
fld; fz;fhzpg;G Kiwik CopaHfSf;F fld;fs; gfpHe;jspg;gpid
tpidj;jpwDld; Nkw;nfhs;tjid ,ayr; nra;jJ.

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; cztfk; kj;jpa tq;fp mYtyHfSf;F
fhiy czitAk; kjpa czitAk; njhlHe;Jk; toq;fpaJ.
mYtyH gzpfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; NjdPH toq;fy; %ypif ghdk;
toq;fy; vd;gtw;Wld; ,ize;J fhiy kw;Wk; khiy Neuq;fspy;
cld; ghy; ghpkhw;wg;gl;lJ. 2014Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; cztfr;
#oiy Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; cztf trjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld.

mYtyH gzpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsk; kUj;Jt eyd;Ghpj;
jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l midj;J ed;ik ngWeHfspdhYk;
cwg;gl;l kUj;Jtr; nrytpdq;fisj; njhlHe;Jk; kPsspj;jJ.
kUj;Jtr; nrytpd nkhj;j kPsspg;Gj; njhif Kd;ida
Mz;Lld; xg;gpLifapy; Ie;J rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jJ. 2013
jpnrk;gH 06Mk; ehspypUe;J eilKiwf;F tUk; tpjj;jpy;
kUj;Jt ed;ikfs; jpl;lj;jpd; tif , kw;Wk; tif < apd; fPohd
kUj;Jtr; nrytpd; kPsspg;G cr;r tuk;Gfs; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;ld.
kUj;Jt epiyaj;jpy; fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;s kUj;Jt trjpfs;
gpugy;akhd jdpahH itj;jparhiyapypUe;J gzpfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w ntspapypUe;J gzpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjd;
%yk; gzp Neuq;fspy; kj;jpa tq;fp mYtyHfSf;F fpilf;fr;
nra;ag;gl;ld. NkYk; Ma;T$l trjpfSk; epahakhd tpiyfspy;
kUj;Jt epiyaj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;ld. Mz;Lf;fhyg; gFjpapy;
mYtyH gzpfs; Kfhikj;Jt jpizf;fsk; kj;jpa tq;fp
mYtyHfspd; eyk; njhlHghd mwptpid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf Ie;J
tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis elj;jpaJ.

jpBnudj; Njhd;Wk; kPsKbahj Neha;fs;> ghhpa rj;jpu rpfpr;ir
my;yJ ePz;lfhy Neha;fspd; fhuzkhf epjpapay; neUf;fbfSf;F
Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; epjpa mq;fj;jtHfSf;F epjpapay; cjtpfis
toq;Fk; nghUl;L Fwpg;gpl;l tiuaiwfisj; jsHj;Jtjw;fhf
CopaH kw;Wk; Xa;T+jpaf;fhuH mdHj;j epthuz epjpaj;jpd;
tpjpfs; jpUj;jg;gl;ld. mj;jifa rpfpr;irfSf;F cwg;gLk;
nrytpdk; ed;ikfspid tplTk; mjp$bajhf fhzg;gLkplj;J
mt;tq;fj;jtH kUj;Jt ed;ikfs; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; NfhUtjw;F
chpj;JilatuhthH.
28. tq;fpay;yh epjpapay; epWtdq;fspd; Nkw;ghHit
28.1 tpQ;Qhgdk;
tq;fpay;yh epjpapay; Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk;> chpkk; ngw;w
epjpf; fk;gdpfis xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jp Nkw;ghHit nra;tjw;fhf
1988Mk; Mz;by; epWtg;gl;lJ. me;Neuj;jpy;> 1979Mk; Mz;bd;
27Mk; ,yf;f epjpf; fk;gdpfs; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; rl;lj;jpw;Fg;
gjpyhf 1988Mk; Mz;bd; 78Mk; ,yf;f epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rl;lk;
,aw;wg;gl;lJld; epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rl;lj;jpid eilKiwf;fpLk;
nghWg;G jpizf;fsj;jplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;
fk;gdpfspd; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jiyAk; Nkw;ghHitapidAk; NkYk;
tYg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;FlDk; mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj itg;Gf;fis
Vw;fpd;w tpahghuq;fis xopg;gjw;fhfTk; epjpf; fk;gdpfs;
rl;lj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhfTk; 2011,d; 42Mk; ,yq;if epjpj;njhopy;
rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJld; mJ 2011 etk;gH> 9Mk; jpfjp eilKiwf;F
te;jJ. 2000Mk; Mz;bd; 56Mk; ,yf;f epjpf; Fj;jiff;FtpLjy;
rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJld; epjpf; Fj;jiff;FtpLk; tpahghuj;jpd;
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jYk; fz;fhzpg;Gk; ,j;jpizf;fsj;jpd; fPo;
nfhz;L tug;gl;Ls;sd.
gFjp II - 110

28.2 njhopw;ghLfs;
jpizf;fsj;jpd;
Nkw;ghHitg;
nghWg;Gf;fs;
epjp
kw;Wk;
Fj;jiff;FtpLk; tpahghuj;jpid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F fk;gdpfSf;F
chpkk; toq;fy;> Kd;kjpAila Njitg;ghLfis tbtikj;J
eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> njhlHr;rpahf Nkw;ghHitapidAk; fhyhe;ju
jyj;jpyhd ghPl;rpg;Gf;fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;> xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;
xg;Gjy;fis toq;Fjy;> mjpfhukpd;wp epjp tpahghuq;fis elj;Jk;
epWtdq;fspd; kPJ Gydha;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;L rl;l eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj epjpapay; epWtdq;fspy;
itg;Gf;fis
Nkw;nfhs;Stjdhy;
Vw;gLk;
,lHNeHTfs;
gw;wp nghJkf;fSf;F mwpT+l;Ltjw;fhf gfpuq;f tpopg;GzHT
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; elj;Jjy; vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jd.
2013 ,Wjpapy; 48 chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfSk; 13 chpkk; ngw;w
tHj;jf tq;fpfs;> 7 chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs;
46 chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; 10 rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j
Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfs; cs;slq;fyhf 76 gjpT nra;ag;gl;l
epjpf; Fj;jiff;FtpLk; epWtdq;fSk; njhopw;ghl;bypUe;jd. chpkk;
ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdfspdJk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epjpf; Fj;jiff;FtpLk;
fk;gdpfspdJk; ngaHfs; ,izg;G II-3,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd
28.3 ,t;thz;bd; eltbf;iffs;
(m) chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;
fk;gdpfspd; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy; Nkw;ghHit
i. chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;
fk;gdpfspd; jyj;jpw;F ntspNaahd fz;fhzpg;G
chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;
fk;gdpfspdhy; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l fhyhe;ju $w;Wf;fsplhfg;
ngwg;gl;l epjpapay; jfty;fis gFg;gha;T nra;tjd; %ykhf
midj;J chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j
Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfSf;fhd jyj;jpw;F ntspNaahd fz;fhzpg;G
njhlHr;rpahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> Neufhyj;Jld;
vr;rhpf;Fk; Kiw kw;Wk; gpd;njhlH KiwikA+lhf jpizf;fsk;
,lHNeHT Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd Jiwfis milahsk;
fz;lJld; mj;jifa ,lHNeHTfisj; jzpg;gjw;F kPl;G
eltbf;iffis tpje;Jiuj;jJ. NkYk;> chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;
fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jif epWtdq;fis mtw;wpd;
epjpapay; gyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; jukpLtjw;fhf cs;sfj;
jukply; Kiwiknahd;W eilKiwf;fplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
ii. chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;
fk;gdpfspd; jyj;jpyhd ghPl;rpg;G

,lHNeHTfis
milahsk;
fhZjy;>
,lHNeHTfspd;
Kfhikj;Jtk;
kw;Wk;
mj;jifa
,lHNeHTfisj;
jzpg;gjw;F %ytsq;fis kjpg;gPL nra;jy; vd;gd kPJ
ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;Jk; ,g;ghPl;rpg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
nghOJ ,lHNeHtpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l mZFKiw
gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ. chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G
tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfspd; jputj;jd;ik> nrhj;Jf;fspd;
juk;> %yjdg; NghJik> Kfhikj;Jt tpidj;jpwd;>
tUtha;fs;> ,yhgj;jd;ik> Kiwapay; fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk;
me;epWtdq;fspd; fk;gdp MSifapd; epiy vd;gdtw;iw
kjpg;gPL
nra;jtw;fhf fhyhe;ju jyg; ghPl;rpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;
nfhs;sg;gl;ld. 2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; tq;fpay;yh
epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsk; 35
chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspdJk; 7 rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j
Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfspdJk; jyj;jpyhd ghPl;rpg;Gf;fis
Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ghPl;rpg;G mwpf;iffs; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; milahsk;
fhzg;gl;l VNjDk; ,lHNeHTfSk; mtw;iw rhpnra;Ak;
eltbf;iffSf;fhd tpje;Jiug;Gf;fSk; njhlHghd gzpg;ghsH
rigfSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld. NkYk; gyaPdkhd Jiwfis
Kf;fpa ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l nraw;gug;G
mbg;gilapy; 8 chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfSk; 2 rpwg;gpay;G
tha;e;j Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfSk; ghPl;rpf;fg;gl;ld.
(M)
gzpg;GiufisAk;
Kd;kjpAila
Njitg;ghLfisAk;
toq;Fjy;
ehzar; rigapd; xg;GjYld; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfSf;F
rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfSf;F Gjpa Kd;kjpAila
Njitg;ghLfSk; gzpg;GiufSk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
i. Vw;fdNtAs;s mikg;gpay; khw;wy; gzpg;Giuapd; nraw;gug;G
Nkyjpf tplaq;fSld; tphpthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
epjpf; fk;gdpfSf;F ehzar; rigapdJk; tq;fpay;yh
epjpapay;
epWtdq;fspd;
Nkw;ghHitg;
gzpg;ghshpdJk;
xg;Gjy; jdpj;jdpahf Njitg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. NkYk;> nrhj;J
- 2013
gFjp II
khw;wy; gzpg;Giuapd; Vw;ghLfs; Gjpa mikg;gpay; khw;wg;
gzpg;Giuapy; $l;bizf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
ii. epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; njhlHghd jug;gpdHfspd; fld;fis
gjptopg;gJ njhlHgpy; ehzar; rigapd; Kd;ndhg;Gjiyg;
ngwNtz;Lk; vd;w Njitg;ghL gzpg;ghsH tq;fpay;yh epjp
epWtdq;fspd; Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; xg;Gjiyg;
ngwNtz;Lk; vd;w Njitg;ghl;bd; %yk; ePf;fg;gl;lJ.
iii.
Fwpg;ghf> jputj;jd;ik kw;Wk; tl;b eWf;F tPjq;fs;
Nghd;w tplaq;fspy; epjpf; fk;gdpfspdhy; tpLf;fg;gl;l
gLfld; rhjdq;fs; kPJ Nkw;ghHitf; fl;likg;nghd;wpid
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gzpg;Giunahd;W tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ.
iv. 2012,w;fhf gpd;gw;wg;gl;l ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs;
32> 39 kw;Wk; ,yq;if epjpapay; mwpf;ifapLk; epakq;fs;
7,idg; gpd;gw;WtJ kPjhd topfhl;ly;fs; gq;fpyhgq;fisg;
gfpHe;jspg;gJ njhlHghf gzpg;ghsH tq;fpay;yh epjpapay;
epWtdq;fspd; Nkw;ghHitj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Kd;ndhg;Gjiyg;
ngw Ntz;Lnkd chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G
tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfisj; Njitg;gLj;Jk; topfhl;ly;.
v. Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tpahghu Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk; ntspthhp
fzf;fha;thsHfspd; mwpf;iffs; rhd;WgLj;jy;fs; kPjhd
fk;gdp MSif gzpg;Giuapd; ntspg;gLj;Jif Njitg;ghl;by;
$l;bizf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpUj;jq;fs;.
vi.
kj;jpa
tq;fpapd;
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jy;
Nkw;ghHitr;
nryT
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy;
mjpfhpf;Fnkd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wikapdhy;
Mz;L
chpkf;
fl;lzk;
jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> chpkk; ngWfpd;w Mz;by;
chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpapdhy; nrYj;jg;glj;jf;f chpkf;
fl;lzk; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
(,) xOq;
FKiwg;gLj;jy; xg;Gjy;fs;

2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;ifahdJ rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfshd
rpagjh gpdhd;]; ypkpnll; kw;Wk; ,e;jpuh gpdhd;]; ypkpnll; vd;gd
chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfshf caHj;jg;gl;l Ntisapy; gPg;gps;];
gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp> gPg;gps;]; yPrpq; md;l; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp vd;gJld;
,izf;fg;gl;likapd; fhuzkhf 47 ,ypUe;J 48 ,w;F mjpfhpj;jJ.
NkYk; rPyP]; ypkpnll;> vk;rpv];vy; gpdhd;];rpay; NrHtp]];
ypkpnll;
Lld; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ.

(<) chpkk; ngw;w epjpapay; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j
Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfSldhd $l;lq;fs;
i. ,j;JiwAld; njhlHghd gpur;ridfis ghpkhWk; Nehf;Fld;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; MSeH jiyik jhq;fpa chpkk;
ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;
fk;gdpfspd;
Kjd;ik
epiwNtw;W
mYtyHfSldhd
$l;lq;fs; fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy; elj;jg;gl;ld.
ii. NkYk;> rl;lg;gbahd Njitg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; rpwe;j eilKiwfs;
njhlHghd tpopg;GzHit mjpfhpg;gjw;fhfTk; ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; MSeH jiyikapy; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs;
rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfspd; jiytHfspd;
$l;lk; xd;W ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; MSeH jiyikapy;
elj;jg;gl;lJ. 'xU wpy;ypaDf;Fk; mg;ghyhd chpkk; ngw;w
epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfs;"
vd;w fUg;nghUspd; fPo; jpizf;fsk;> gzpg;ghsHfs; kw;Wk;
Kjd;ik epiwNtw;W mYtyHfSf;fhd Mz;Lf; $l;lj;jpid
elj;jpaJ.
c)
Vida eltbf;iffs;
i.
mjpfhukpd;wp epjpj;njhopy; elj;Jtjd; kPjhd Gydha;Tfs;
2013Mk; Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; epjpj;njhopy; rl;lj;jpd; 42Mk;
gphptpd; fPo; mjpfhukpd;wp epjpj;njhopiyf; nfhz;L elj;Jfpd;w
Ml;fs; epWtdq;fspd; kPJ jpizf;fsk; Gydha;Tfisj;
njhlq;fpaJ.
jpizf;fsk; ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; xU
epWtdj;jpd; eltbf;iffis xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jpa Ntisapy;
xU epWtdj;jpw;nfjpuhf rl;l eltbf;iffisj; njhlq;fpaJ.
ii. chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;
fk;gdpfs; Jiwapid jpul;rpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;
fk;gdpfs; Jiwapy; ,izg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; ifNaw;Gf;fs;
vd;gdtw;iw Cf;Ftpf;Fk; nghUl;L thp Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fis
toq;FtJ njhlHghf jpizf;fsk; 2014Mk; Mz;bw;fhd
tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; Kd;nkhopTfisr; rkHg;gpj;jpUe;jJ.
gFjp II - 111

Kd;nkhoptpd;
Fwpf;Nfhs;
ahnjdpy;>
nghUshjhuj;jpy;
tsHe;JtUk; Nfs;tpf;F trjpaspg;gjw;fhf tYthd chpkk;
ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfs;
Jiwapid tpUj;jp nra;tJk; rhj;jpakhd KwpTfisj;
jtpHg;gJNkahFk;. NkYk;> jpizf;fsk;> 2014,w;Fk; mjw;F
mg;ghYf;Fkhd cj;Njr epjpapay; Jiwj; jpul;rpg;gLj;Jk;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; kPJ Muk;gj; jpl;lnkhd;wpid jahhpj;jJ.
iii. chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;
fk;gdpfSf;fhd njhopy;El;gf; $l;lj; njhlHfs;

jpizf;fsk;> gd;dhl;L epjpapay; mwpf;ifaply; epakq;fs;
kw;Wk; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j
Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfs; Jiwapd; %j;j Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd
,lHNeH Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gd kPjhd ,uz;L njhopy;El;gf;
$l;lj; njhlHfis elj;jpaJ.
28.4
nghJkf;fSf;fhd gq;fspg;G
(m) chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;
fk;gdpfs; Jiwapd; tsHr;rp kw;Wk; cWjpg;ghL
fk;gdpfs; Jiwapd; cWjpg;ghl;bid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
njhlHr;rpahd Nkw;ghHitfis Nkw;nfhz;lJ. 2013Mk;
Mz;Lg; gFjpapy; cs;ehl;Lg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; Nguz;lg;
nghUshjhuj;jpy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; njhlHgpYk; gd;dhl;Lr;
re;ijapy;
fhzg;gl;l
jq;f
tpiyfspd;
jsk;gy;fs;
njhlHgpYk; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G
tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfs; gy rthy;fis vjpHNehf;fpd.
vdpDk;> jpizf;fsk; fLikahd nfhs;if topKiwfisAk;
fLikahd
Nkw;ghHitapidAk;
eilKiwg;gLj;jpa
Ntisapy; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j
fk;gdpfs; ,lHNeHTfis <Hj;Jf; nfhs;tjidAk; cWjpahd
tsHr;rpiaAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kjpAiufis toq;fpaJ.
itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; fld;ghLfs; KiwNa 33 rjtPjk; kw;Wk;
9 rjtPj tsHr;rp tPjq;fis gjpT nra;jikapd; fhuzkhf
epjpaply; %yq;fspy; Vw;gl;l MNuhf;fpakhd tsHr;rpapd;
MjuTld; Jiwapd; nrhj;Jj; jsk; 20 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
tsHr;rpaile;jJ. fld; toq;fy; trjp 17 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
tsHr;rpaile;jJ. 2013 jpnrk;gH> 31,y; Kbtile;j gd;dpuz;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G
tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfs; Jiw thpf;Fg; gpd;duhd
,yhgkhf &.8 gpy;ypaidg; (fzf;fha;T nra;ag;glhjJ)
gjpT nra;jJ. nkhj;j %yjdg; NghJik tpfpjk; 15 rjtPjk;
nfhz;l caHe;j cj;Ntfj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.
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(i) nghJkf;fs;
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epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;f@lhf
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epjpj;njhopy;fspy; KjyPL nra;tJ njhlHghd ,lHNeHTfs;
gw;wp nghJkf;fSf;F mwpT+l;lg;gl;lJ. ,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy;
23 nghJkf;fs; tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; kl;lf;fsg;G>
nkhduhfiy> mk;ghiw> mk;ghe;Njhl;il> fSj;Jiw> nfhOk;G
kw;Wk; fk;g`h khtl;lq;fspy; elj;jg;gl;ld.
(ii) thndhyp kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;: fz;bapy;
,lk;ngw;w ,yq;if xypgug;Gf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; fe;Jul;il
Nritapdhy; elj;jg;gl;l tpNrl xypgug;ghd 'vry ngufu"
Clhf nghJkf;fSf;F tpNrl nra;jpfs; xypgug;gg;gl;ld.
(iii) Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs; kw;Wk; nra;jpj;jhs; fl;Liufs;: chpkk;
ngw;w tq;fpfspdJk; chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspdJk;
gl;baiyf; nfhz;l 2>000 Rtnuhl;bfs; nkhduhfiy>
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kw;Wk;
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jfty;fSld; chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk;
ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; gl;bay;fis cs;slf;fpa 24>000
Jz;Lg;gpuRuq;fs; nghJkf;fspilNa tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
itg;Gf;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l
epWtdq;fspd; gl;bay;fs; midj;J Kk;nkhopfspYk;
nra;jpj;jhs;fspy; fhyhz;L mbg;gilapy; gpuRhpf;fg;gl;l
Ntisapy; 2013,d; gpd;diug; gFjpapy; milahsk;
fhzg;glhj ajhHj;j G+Htkw;w jpl;lq;fspd; ,lHNeHT gw;wp
nghJkf;fSf;F mwpT+l;Ltjw;fhf rpwg;G mwptpj;jy;fs;
nra;jpj;jhs;fspy;
midj;J
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nghJkf;fspilNa epjpapay; mwpT mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjtpaJ.
- 2013
gFjp II
(,)
nghJkf;fspd; Kiwg;ghLfisf; ftdpj;jy;:

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Nkw;nfhz;lJ. mj;jifa Kiwg;ghLfs; njhlHghd chpkk; ngw;w

epjpf; fk;gdpfs; rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff; fk;gdpfSf;F mDg;gp
itf;fg;gl;lJld; mit njhlHghf gpd;njhlH eltbf;iffSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epjpf; Fj;jiff;FtpLk; epWtdq;fs;
rl;lj;jpw;fpzq;f kj;jpa tq;fpAld; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;s epWtdq;fs;
(2013 ,WjpapYs;sthW)
chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs;

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mghd;]; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp

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Mh;gpNfh gpdhd;]; fk;gdp gpvy;rp
Vrpah mnrw; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
Vrpad; gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
mNrhrpNal;ll; Nkhl;lhh; gpdhd;]; fk;gdp gpvy;rp
ghh;l;yPl; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
gpk;Gj; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
fg;gpl;ly; viyapd;]; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
nrd;wy; gpdhd;]; fk;gdp gpvy;rp
nrd;wy; ,d;nt];l;kd;l;]; md;;l; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp*
rpNyht; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
rpw;wprd;]; nltnyhg;kd;l; gprpd]; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
rpl;b gpdhd;]; Nfhg;gpNurd; ypkpnll;
nfhkh;~y; fpwbl; md;l; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
nfhkH~y; yPrpq; md;l; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
NjN~hla nltnyhg;kd;l; gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
<hpI gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
N[hH[; ];UNthHl; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
Ibay; gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
,e;jpuh gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
fd;wpr; gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
vy;gP gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
yq;fh xwpf;]; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
26.
27.
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nky;];uh wPfy; gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;

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vk;rpv];vy; gpdhd;rpay; NrHtpr]; ypkpnll;
ky;hp gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
gpuhf; yq;fh gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp (Kd;dH ee;jh ,d;nt];l;kd;l;];
md;l; gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;)
Ne~d; yq;fh gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
xwpad;l; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
gPg;gps;]; yPrpq; md;l; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
gPg;gps;]; NkHr;rd;l; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
gpiuk; fpuhkpd; ikf;Nuh gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
wpr;NrHl; gPhp]; MHgpNfh gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
nrq;flfy gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp;
rpq;fh; gpdhd;]; (yq;fh) gpvy;rp
rpq;fGj;u gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
nrht;w;nyh[pf; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
];tHzkfhy; gpdhd;~pay; Nrh;tpr]; gpvy;rp
j gpdhd;]; fk;gdp gpvy;rp
rpag;gjh gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
(Kd;dH> rk;gj; yPrpq; md;l; gf;l;wpf; ypkpnll;)
l;Nul; gpdhd;]; md;l; ,d;nt];l;kd;l;]; gpvy;rp
j ];lhd;ll; fpwbw; gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
hpNfv]; gpdhd;]; ypkpnll;
A gP gpdhd;]; fk;gdp ypkpnll;
ntypgy; gpdhd;]; gpvy;rp
gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epjpf; Fj;jiff;FtpLk; epWtdq;fs;

(m)
1.
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(M)
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chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs;

mkhdh tq;fp ypkpnll;
,yq;if tq;fp
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bvt;rprp tHjd ghq;f; gpvy;rp
ml;ld; e~dy; ghq;f; gpvy;rp
vk;rpgp ghq;f; ypkpnll;
e~dy; nltyg;nkd;l; ghq;f; gpvy;rp
Ne~d;]; l;u];l; ghq;f; gpvy;rp
ghd; Vrpah ghq;fpq; Nfhg;gNurd; gpvy;rp
kf;fs; tq;fp
rk;gj; ghq;f; gpvy;rp
nryhd; ghq;f; gpvy;rp
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chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs;
bvt;rprp ghq;f;
yq;fhGj;u nltyg;nkd;l; ghq;f; ypkpnll;
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4.
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7.
(,)
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gpuNjrpa rd;tHjd ghq;f;

rzr nltyg;nkd;l; ghq;f; gpvy;rp
rpwpyq;fh Nrtpq;]; ghq;f; ypkpnll;
,yq;if tPlikg;G mgptpUj;jp epjpf; $l;Lj;jhgd tq;fp
rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j Fj;jiff;FtpLk; fk;gdpfs;
mrl;iyd; yPrpq; fk;gdp ypkpnll;
NfhgNubt; yPrpq; fk;gdp ypkpnll;
,RW yPrpq; fk;gdp ypkpnll;
nfhrPgh yPrpq; fk;gdp ypkpnll;
yp];tpd; ,d;nt];nkd;l; ypkpnll;;
vy;Xvy;rp ikf;Nuh fpubl; ypkpnll;
kh;r;rd;l; ghq;f; xt; rpwpyq;fh gpvy;rp
epA+nt];l; fg;gpl;ly; ypkpnll;
v];vk;gP yPrpq; gpvy;rp
yhg;]; fg;gpl;ly; ypkpnll; (Kd;dh; nrhg;w;nyh[pf; fpubl;
tpkpnll;)
(<) gpiwk; fpwkPd; ikf;Nuh gpdhd;]; ypkpnll; kw;Wk; nlN~hla
nlntyg;nkd;l; gpdhd;]; fk;gdp ypkpnll; Mfpad jtpHe;j
NkNy gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;s chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs;
* ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l Kfhikj;Jt Kfthpdhy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLtJld; kPs; fl;likg;G cs;shf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNtis> itg;Gf;fisj; jpul;Ljy; ,il epWj;jp
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gFjp II - 112
- 2013

,yq If KJ Jpa TQ Fpapd FZF FFSK Njhopw GHLFSK GFJP

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,yq If KJ Jpa TQ Fpapd FZF FFSK Njhopw GHLFSK GFJP

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gFjp II

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; fzf;FfSk; njhopw;ghLfSk;

ehza tpjpr; rl;lj;jpd; 28Mk; gphptpd; epajpfSf;fpzq;f> tq;fp

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tq;fpj;njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd Ma;T epiyak; tq;fpj;njhopy;

tq;fpapd; fk;gdp ,izaj;jskhd www.cbsl.gov.lk MdJ mjdJ

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