Hydraulic Structures Structural Design of Syphon

Design of Syphon Barrels

Design barrels of the canal syphon as reinforced concrete box. The data is given below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Number of barrels
Size of barrel
Bank level
Drain H.F.L
Uplift at base of barrel
Unit weight of dry earth
Unit weight of saturated earth
Weight of submerged earth
Angle of internal friction in all
conditions

=2
=3 m 2.5 m
=254 m
=253.25 m
=4.5 t/m2
=1.6 t/m3
=2.0 t/m3
=1.0 t/m3
=30

Design
Assume the thickness of the frame 30 cm all through so that the effective length of horizontal
and vertical members are 3.3 m and 2.8 m.

Hydraulic Structures Structural Design of Syphon

1. Distribution factors
At joint A
For AB

For A B,

2.8
0.46
2.8 3.3

For A D,
Therefore, distribution factors:

3.3
0.54
For AD
2.8 3.3

For

At joint D
For D A=0.54
D C=0.46
2. Dead loads
Consider one meter of barrel:
Depth of dry earth over barrel
Depth of saturated earth
Weight of dry and saturated earth

254 253.25 0.75m

253.25 251.4 1.85m
0.75 1.6 1.85 2 4.9t m 2

Weight of top slab (0.3 m thick)

Weight on the top slab including its own weight

0.3 2.4 0.72t m 2

= 4.9 0.72 5.62t m 2

Weight of barrels per meter of length

4 3.3 3 2.8 0.3 2.4 15.6t m

Total dead load/m of length of barrels

15.6 4.9 6.9 49.4t m

Uplift per one meter length

Net vertical load acting on foundation
Pressure on foundation soil (Soil reaction)

4.5 6.9 31.05t m

49.4 31.05 18.35t m
18.35

2.66 t m 2
6.9
=Soil reaction
2.66 4.5 7.16t m 2
7.16 0.72 6.44 t m 2

Pressure acting on the base slab + uplift

Net upward pressure on the base slab

Say 6.5t m 2

Hydraulic Structures Structural Design of Syphon

3. Earth pressure
The earth pressure shall comprise of the following:
a. Dry earth pressure above saturation line (from R.L. 253.25 m to R.L. 254.00 m)
b. Saturated earth pressure (from R.L. 253.25 m to R.L. 248.45 m).
Corresponding to 30 , c p

1 sin 1

1 sin 3

Pressure at A = Surcharge due to dry earth+ surcharge due to saturated earth

c p 254 253.25 c p s 253.25 251.25 253.25 251.25
1
1
1.6 0.75 1.0 2 1 2 3.07 t m 2
3
3
Pressure at D 3.07 c p s 251.25 248.45 251.25 248.45
1
3.07 1 2.8 1 2.8 6.8t m 2
3

4. Fixing moments
w 2 5.62 3.32

5.1t m
12
12
6.5 3.32
b. On span CD
5.9 t m
12
c. On span AD
3.07 2.82 3.73 2.82
M AD

2.985t m
12
30
3.07 2.82 3.73 2.82
M DA

3.475t m
12
20

a. On span AB

Hydraulic Structures Structural Design of Syphon

Joint
Member
D. factor
F.E.M.
Balance
C.O.
Balance
C.O.
Balance
C.O.
Balance

C
CD
-5.9

D
DC
0.46
+5.9
-1.115

-0.5575
-0.2622
-0.1311
-0.081
-0.041
-6.630

-0.019
+4.423

A
DA
0.54
-3.475
-1.31
+0.57
-0.3078
+0.177
-0.096
+0.042
-0.023
-4.423

AD
0.54
+2.985
+1.142
-0.655
+0.3537
-0.1539
+0.083
-0.048
+0.026
+3.733

AB
0.46
-5.1
+0.973

B
BA
+5.1
+0.485

+0.3013
+0.151
+0.0708
+0.035
+0.022
-3.733

+5.771

5. Design moments
a. Span AB
Net moments at center and face of span AB
5.62 3.3
5.62 0.152
0.15
1.33t m
2
2
3.15
Fixing moment at face 3.73
5.771 3.73 5.68t m
3.3
Net fixing moments at face 5.68 1.33 4.35t m

Sagging moment at face

5.62 3.32
7.65t m
8
3.73 5.771
4.75t m
Fixing moment at center
2
Net sagging moment at center 7.65 4.75 2.9t m

Sagging moment at center

b. Span CD
6.5 3.3
6.5 0.152
0.15
1.54 t m
2
2
3.15
Fixing moment at face 4.423
6.63 4.423 6.529 t m
3.3
Net fixing moment at face 6.529 1.54 4.98t m

Sagging moment at face

Hydraulic Structures Structural Design of Syphon

6.5 3.32
8.85t m
8
6.63 4.423
5.53t m
Fixing moment at center
2
Net sagging moments at center 8.85 5.53 3.32t m

Sagging moment at center

c. Span AD
Sagging moment at face:
i. Due to rectangular portion
3.07 2.8
3.07 0.152
0.15
0.61t m
2
2
Due to triangular portion
3.73 2.8 2
2.8 R D
2.8
2
3
3.73 2.8
RD
3
Sagging moment

ii.

3.73 2.8
3.53 0.152
0.15
0.483t m
3
2
Total sagging moments 0.61 0.483 1.09t m

2.65
4.423 3.73 4.39t m
2.8
Net fixing moment at face 4.39 1.09 3.3t m
Sagging moment at center
Fixing moment at face 3.73

i.

Due to rectangular portion

3.07 2.82
3.01t m
8

ii.

Due to triangular portion

3.73 2.8 2.8
2.8 R A

2
3
3.73 2.8
RA
6
3.73 2.8 2.8 1.865 1.4 1.4
MC

1.83t m
6
2
2
3
Total Sagging moment at center 3.01 1.83 4.84t m

4.423 3.73
4.08t m
2
Net sagging moment at center 4.84 4.08 0.76t m
Fixing moment at center

Hydraulic Structures Structural Design of Syphon

Span Fixing moment (-ve) at face (t.m) Sagging moment (+ve) at center (t.m)
AB
4.35
2.9
16 mm bars@ 12.5cm c/c (up)
12 mm bars@ 10 cm c/c (down)
CD
4.98
3.32
16 mm bars@ 11.25cm c/c
16 mm bars@ 16.25cm c/c
AD
3.3
0.76
16 mm bars@ 16.25cm c/c
12 mm bars@ 25cm c/c

6. Thickness of members
Maximum moment in the barrels=4.98 t.m
The minimum effective thickness (d) required for bending moment is

M
bQ
4.98 1000 100
23.29 cm
100 9.18

Adopt 27.5 cm effective depth and 30 cm overall thickness for all members.
7. Reinforcement
a. Span AB and BE
At face (hogging moment, -ve steel)
4.35 1000 100
At
15.38cm 2
6
1200 27.5
7
Provide 16 mm bars @ 12.5 cm c/c (up)
At center (sagging moment, +ve steel)
2.9 1000 100
At
10.25cm 2
6
1200 27.5
7
Provide 12 mm bars @ 10 cm c/c (down)
b. Span CD and CF
At face
4.98 1000 100
At
17.6 cm 2
6
1200 27.5
7
Provide 16 mm bars @ 11.25 cm c/c
At center
3.32 1000 100
At
11.74 cm 2
6
1200 27.5
7
Provide 16 mm bars @ 16.25 cm c/c
c. Span AD and EF
6

Hydraulic Structures Structural Design of Syphon

At face
3.3 1000 100
At
11.7 cm 2
6
1200 27.5
7
Provide 16 mm bars @ 16.25 cm c/c
At center
0.764 1000 100
At
2.70 cm 2
6
1200 27.5
7
Provide 12 mm bars @ 25 cm c/c
Table: Cross-sectional area for steel bars of different diameters
Diameter (mm) Cross-sectional area As cm 2
4
12
1.13
14
1.54
16
2.01
18
2.54
2