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PHOTOSHOP
Li ni u:
Bn nh gi mt tm nh p da trn nhng tiu ch no: Ni dung - B cc Mu sc? Chc chn
01 tm nh p phi t c 03 chun trn. Th nhng nu ni ci no l quan trng nht hn s c
nhiu cu tr li tu theo gc nhn ca mi ngi !
Do bi vit c ky cp t nhiu ngun ti liu v cha c trnh by mt cch h thng, v vy nu
ch no thiu st mong cc bn b sung hoc gp .
Bi 1 : Tng quan v mu sc trong PS.
Phn I: Cc ch mu trong Photoshop:
Quan st hp thoi Color Picker bn nhn thy c bn ch mu ph bin:
RGB:
- L b mu gm 03 mu c bn: (R) Xanh l cy (G) v Xanh da tri (B)
- RGB l khng gian mu dng tnh thng c s dng ph bin v n rt thun li trong vic chnh
sa.
CMYK:
- L s phi hp gia Cyan (da tri) Magenta (tm) Yellow (vng) v blacK (en)
- CMYK l khng gian mu m tnh thng c dn in n s dng.
Lab:
- Anh chng ny kh c bit, bn hy th chuyn mt file RGB sang Lab th xem (Image > Mode > Lab
Color) Trong bng Channel n s gii m cho bn, n chnh l cc knh nh. Trong thng tin v knh
mu en trng L c tch ra t thng tin chung ca mu sc. Knh a mang thng tin mu xanh
sang v knh b mang thng tin mu xanh sang vng.
- Lab l mt khng gian mu c lp v chnh sa mu trong h ca n l mt cng vic th v v mt s
di chuyn nh nhng trn knh a hoc knh b cng to ra nhng thay i mnh m nht v mu sc.
- Lab l h mu rt thch hp trong chnh sa nh KTS
HSB:
- Hue lin quan n mu sc, Saturation ( thm qua) xc nh s lng mu sc v Brihtness (
chi) lin quan n s lng nh sng c trong mu sc.
- HSB thng c dng trong vic chnh sa nh chn dung.
Phn II: Lm vic vi mu sc
- Vi cc bn thch chnh sa nh th ngh v chi sau l nhng th khng th thiu:
Eyedropper: c hnh ng nh thuc nm trong thanh cng c. N l mt densitometer k thut s m
bn c th di chuyn qua hnh nh o tng mu v nhng gi tr mu sc. Bn ang lng tng v
khng bit cch phi mu nh th no t ln ln da ca mt kiu n no ? ng lo ! Bn hy la
mt tm ngi mu tht p li ra cnh tm mun chnh, dng Eyedropper chch nh ln ngi
mu vng da p nht (cm chch vng nhy cm nhe) ngay lp tc mu s xut hin trong
Foreground hoc Background ca bn, tha h m t cho tm mun chnh. lu tr cho nhng ln
sau bn c th ghi li m ca cc mu bng
Bng Info: Khi bn r tr chut ti bt k ni u trn tm hnh bng Info s ghi li gip bn mt cch
chnh xc cc thng s RGB v CMYK
Bng Color: Gip bn chnh cc mu Foreground hoc Background d dng bng cc thanh trt.
Levels v Curves: ci thin vng sng vng bng ti (Ctrl + L) v iu chnh tng phn (Ctrl +
M)
Blending Modes (BM): Cu cu ny rt quan trng nm ngay hng u bng Layers y vy m chng c
tn tui g trong cc bng ca Photoshop. Blending Modes chnh l ch pha trn mu rt thng
c s dng trong chnh sa hay sng to nh ngh thut. BM khng lm vic vi lp Background v
vy khi p dng n bn phi i tn (cho n) v phi c t hai layer tr ln n mi chu lm vic.
Quan st BM ta thy c 05 nhm, tu theo mc ch chnh nh hay to nh m mi nhm c nhng p
dng thch hp, v d nhm 05 anh em trn mt chic xe tng Multiply Screen Overlay Soft Light
Hard Light rt thch hp trong x l nh.
(TNDH c nhng bi tutor v Levels Curves Blending Modes ng trong Box ny nn khng nhc
li cch s dng)
Phn III: Vi mo vt tham kho.
* Mu trng ch v mu en ch:
Trong hp thoi Color Picker nu bn thit lp cc thng s sau:
H = 0, S = 0, B = 95
R = 243, G = 243, B = 243 ri Ok.
Bn s c mt mu trng ch .
Nu nhp:
H = 0, S = 0, B = 5
R = 12, G = 12, B = 12 Ok.
Bn s c mu en ch.
Nhp lm chi dzy c ?
c tnh ca cp gi tr 95% sng v 5% bng ti l khu vc an ton nht trnh c tnh trng thnh
phm khi in ra s c nhng vng sng thiu sc thi (giy trng) hoc vng ti ti n ni khng thy
c chi tit no c.
* tng phn ca mu sc:
nhanh bn: mc en vit trn giy trng c phi l nhng mu tng phn d nhn thy nht ?
Chc chn s c 51% nhanh nhu tr li: C ! V hai mu en v Trng l 02 mu c tng phn ln
nht.
TNDH s mi trong s 51% nhanh nhu nu khng c nhng dng di y:
Bng phn loi tng phn:
1. Mc en trn giy vng.
2. Mc xanh l cy trn giy trng.
3. Mc xanh dng trn giy trng.
4. Mc trng trn giy xanh dng.
5. Mc en trn giy trng.
6. Mc vng trn giy en.
7. Mc trng trn giy .
8. Mc trng trn giy xanh l cy.
9. Mc trng trn giy en.
10. Mc trn giy vng.
11. Mc xanh l cy trn giy .
12. Mc trn giy xanh l cy.
Ho ra "n" ch ng hng th 5 trong bng phn loi m thui.
Bi 2: NGH THUT PHI MU
Trong li ni u Nguyn Hnh vit:
Mu sc lun tc ng n cuc sng ca chng ta.
Mu sc l hin tng vt l m mt chng ta thy c.
Mu sc c ngn ng ring ca n m chng ta phi t cm nhn.
Mu sc c sc mnh lm tm hn chng ta rung ng.
trong 12 mu trn vng trn mu, mu xm v en chnh l sc tng ti a ca nhng mu trn (qu
x l ng)
6/ Trnh t phi mu:
Bc 1:
Xc nh r hiu ng mu sc bn mun t c.(Hiu ng mu s ni cc phn sau ca bi ny)
Bc 2:
Chn 1 mu chnh c trng cho ch mun th hin.
Bc 3:
Chn 1 mu h tr cho mu chnh. c th tm c mu h tr mt cch nhanh chng, bn dng 2
mu i din nhau trong vng trn mu cn bn.
V d:
Mu c chn l mu chnh th mu h tr cho n l mu xanh l cy. Tng t nh vy ta c cc
cp mu chnh v mu h tr nh sau:
Mu Gch cua Xanh ve chai.
Da cam Xanh dng.
Ngh - Chm.
Vng Tm.
Vng xanh - tm
Mu chnh v mu h tr c tnh nng lm tng nt rc r, linh ng v gip nhau ni bt ln.
V d:
Nu ta t cnh hoa vng trn phng nn tm, hoa vng s rc r hn nh mu tm lm nn m.
Nhng nu cng vi cch thc y, dng nn mu trng hay xanh l th cnh hoa vng khng ni bt
c.
Nu t mng mu ti cnh mu xanh l cy th cng c hiu ng tng t.
Bc 4:
T mu chnh v mu phi hp chn ra mu th ba hi ho vi 2 mu trc
Phn II: 07 SC CU VNG
Sc hay tnh cht ca mu sc gi ln t nhiu xc ng cho ngi xem. Ngi ta dng nhiu t
khc nhau m t c tnh ca mu sc n v so snh khi chng phi hp vi nhau.
Tuy nhin sng v ti li l iu c bn ca vic to ra sc . Nu khng c nh sng th s chng
c mu sc. Tt nhin, trong bng ti tt c ch l mu en. nh sng mt tri l chm tia sng c
bc sng khc nhau. Nu nh sng mt tri chiu qua lng knh th s to ra mt di mu. Trong thin
nhin iu ny c th hin qua cu vng 7 sc.
Khi nh sng chiu qua 1 vt, b mt ca n s nhn bc x ca bc sng nh sng ny v phn
chiu li bc x ca nh sng khc. Nu mc hp th bc x ca cc bc sng u nhau v mi th
mt cht th chng ta s thy vt y mu trng. Ngc li, nu n hp thu ton b bc x th chng ta s
thy vt y mu en.
Vy mu sc thy c trn mt s vt l s tng hp bc x nh sng m b mt ca n phn chiu.
Cng mt vt th, nu chp hnh di nh sng t nhin s c sc mu khc khi chp di nh sng
nhn to. Cng vy, khi soi mt t in mu di nh sng t nhin th mu sc ca hnh nh s khc khi
soi t in di nh sng nhn to.
Mu sc c phn thnh 8 loi:
- Mu nng (Hot)
- Mu lnh (Cold)
- Mu m (Warm)
- Mu mt (Cool)
- Mu sng (Light)
- Mu sm (dark)
- Mu nht (Pale)
- Mu ti (Bright)
Nh ni phn u do khng c hnh minh ho ging nh trong sch, nn cc hnh nh TNDH minh
ho di y c th s khng phn nh chnh xc ni dung ca tng mu. Mt s mu cha tm c
hnh, mong cc bn xem ni dung v tm kim gip.
MU NNG
Mu nng l mu bo ho trn vng trn mu, l mu c c pha bi mu magenta v
yellow.
Mu nng t n phn chiu v li cun s ch . V vy mu thng dng trong thit k khi mun
gy s ch .
Mu nng c nh hng mnh m, lm tc ng n khng gian chung quanh n.
Sc li cun ca mu nng nh hng nhiu n s ch ca con ngi, n lm tng huyt p (n
qu ! May m dn IT a s l tr nn cng hng s ci v ny)v kch ng h thng thn kinh (Ci ny
th gi tr g cng b)
MU LNH
Mu lnh l mu thun xanh bin. N to sng v ti sng hn ln.
Mu lnh lm chng ta thy mt nh ang gn mt tng hay trn tuyt.
Mu lnh lm ngi xem c cm gic mt m, nh nhng.
Mu lnh c tnh i lp vi mu nng.
Khi chuyn dn t mu nng sang mu lnh, chng ta c cm gic nh ang ng bn l la c
chuyn sang cnh mt tng bng, tht d chu (?!)
MU M
Trong mu m lun c s hin din ca mu .
Mu m c to ra do s phi hp gia mu v mu vng.
Ty theo mc pha gia mu v mu vng m chng ta c nhng dng mu m khc nhau.
V d: mu cam; mu cam; mu vng cam
Mu m nh thn thin, n cho ngi xem.
Nhn mu m ging nh chng ta ang ngm cnh p ca mt tri bnh minh hoc hong hn.
MU MT
Mu mt c to ra trn nn mu xanh.
N khng ging nh mu lnh bi v c phi vi mu vng.
Mt s dng mu mt nh : vng xanh; xanh l cy; lc lam
Dng mu xanh ngc v xanh l cy lun c trong t nhin.
Mu mt lm chng ta thy nh nhng nh ang trong ma m chi ny lc ca ma xun.
Mu mt lun nh nhng, ti mt v su lng.
Mu mt ging nh mt thc nc lm du mt ngi xem.
MU SNG
Mu sng l mu ca thy tinh, ca cy tng lam.
Mu sng c tnh nh nhng trong sng.
Mu sng c to ra t mu pha vi lc lam i km vi vng nht.
Tuy nhin sc thi mu phi trong. Khi trong ca mu tng th mc thay i sc mu gim.
Mu sng lm chng ta thy tm hn tr nn thoi mi, th thi v bung lng.
Mu sng ging nh mn ca s h ra nh nng ban mai la vo phng.
MU SM
Mu sm l mu cha mu en trong khi phi mu.
Mu sm lm khong khng gian nh thu nh li v lm vt th nh nh hn.
Mu sm lm tng tnh nghim trang, ng n.
Tht vy mu sm n khut nh khung cnh ca ma thu v ma ng m m.
Phi hp gia mu sng v mu sm s gy nn mt n tng su sc, mnh m. N tiu biu cho s
i lp ca t nhin, s tng phn nhng cn thit gia ngy v m.
MU NHT
Mu nht l mu tng lam tht nh.
Sc mu nht nht, n cha t nht 65% mu trng.
Mu nht to nn v mm mi, lng mn v l ng.
Mu nht thng dng nh mu ng, tng lam sng v hng ti nht.
Mu nht to cho ngi xem mt cm gic nh ngm m my nh tri hoc nh nng nh ban mai
hoc m m nh mt sng m sng.
V mu nht l mu trang nh nn thng c dng trong trang tr ni tht.
MU TI
Mu ti l tng hp tinh khit ca mu sc.
S ti thm ca mu sc c to ra bng cch b qua thang xm v en.
Trong mu ti cha cc sc mu xanh; ; vng v cam.
Mu ti chi li v sc s, n gy nn s ch .
Mt chic xe mu vng ti, mt chm bong bng rc r hoc ci mi ti thm ca ch h l nhng
sc mu khng bao gi b qun lng.
Mu sc ti to ra nt phn khi, vui ti lun c ngnh thi trang v qung co ch .
Phn III
A.NGUYN TC PHI MU
Mu sc khng ng ring l mt mnh. Tht vy, hiu ng ca mt mu ph thuc vo nhiu yu t:
- Mc phn chiu nh sng ca n.
- Mu sc mi trng chung quanh.
C 10 nguyn tc phi mu c bn nh sau:
1/ Phi mu khng sc (Achromatic)
Nguyn tc ny ch dng mu en, trng v xm.
2/ Phi mu tng t (Analogous)
Dng 3 mu lin nhau trn vng trn mu v phi hp thm sng ti.
3/ Phi mu chi (Clash)
Nguyn tc ny thng dng cc mu bn phi hoc bn tri mu b sung trn vng trn mu.
V d:
Mu b sung ca mu l xanh l. Nh vy mu chi l mu xanh dng nm bn tri mu b sung.
4/ Phi mu b sung (Complementary)
Dng cc mu i din nhau trn vng trn mu.
V d:
Vng Tm.
Xanh dng Cam.
5/ Phi mu n sc (Monochromatic)
Dng mt mu chnh kt hp vi nhng mu c sc thi tng t hoc c bng.
6/ Phi mu trung tnh (Neutral)
Dng mt mu chnh ri phi vi mu sng hn hoc sm hn.
7/ Phi mu b sung tng phn (Split Complementary)
Dng mt mu chnh v hai mu hai bn mu b sung.
8/ Phi mu cn bn (Primary)
Dng ba mu chnh cn bn - Vng Xanh.
ngun sng , Lc, Lam chiu vo vi cng khc nhau t to nn nhiu mu khc nhau. Hai
nh dng JPG v GIF l hai nh dng da trn m hnh RGB.
Phn 2: M hnh CMYK v HSB
RGB c xem nh h mu kh hon chnh vi lng mu t c c th ln n 16.7 triu mu. Tuy
nhin, vic p dng RGB cho cng ngh in l mt vic tht s kh khn khi m cc thit b xut v giy
in c tnh cht hon ton khc nhau
i vi cc thit b xut s, xut pht im lun l mt nn mu en, khc hn nn giy trng giy in.
Mt khc, khi in vi s lng ln, ngi ta khng th dng mt lng mc a dng v sc nh vy.
Gii php in chng mu ra i vi m hnh mu tr CMYK.
H thng mu tr CMYK:
CMYK l h thng x l mu xut pht t m hnh mu CMY, da trn 3 mu c bn Cyan (xanh ngc),
Magenta (tm sen), Yellow (vng). CMY c gi l h thng mu tr do mi mu mi c to ra trong
m hnh ny l kt qu ca qu trnh hp th nh sng ca mc in khi c mt ngun sng chiu vo.
V d: to mt thnh phn mu xanh ngc (Cyan), ngi ta in loi mc A ln trn giy, khi c mt
ngun sng chiu vo, phn mc in A ny s hp th bc sng ca phn nh sng mu (Red), hai
phn nh sng cn li l mu xanh lam (Blue) v xanh lc (Green) s kt hp vi nhau ty cng m
to ra mu xanh ngc. Cui cng, nh sng mu xanh ngc thot ra s phn x ln mt chng ta. Nh
vy, vi tng loi mc in khc nhau s cho ta cng mu thot ra khc nhau. Ngi ta cng thc
hin quy trnh ny vi mu tm sen (magenta) v mu vng (yellow). ng thi, khi ta in 3 mu Cyan,
Magenta, Yellow chng ln nhau, s phi trn gia cc mu c bn s to ra cc mu mi.
Mt mu hnh minh ha 2D CMY c gi tr max
Khi 3 mu c bn gi tr cc i kt hp vi nhau s to thnh mu en. Trong cng ngh in mu
process, do mc in dn mu khng n nh v u n nn s kt hp ny thng c kt qu l mt
mu nu bn ch khng phi en. tht hn, ngi ta chng ln thm mt lp mu en v hnh
thnh nn cng ngh in offset 4 mu. iu ny gip sn phm c tng phn cao, mt khc, mc
mu en c chi ph thp hn bt k loi mc mu no. M hnh mu ny gi l m hnh CMYK.
Trn thc t, mt sn phm thit k s c mu phc tp no c to ra u c tch thnh 4 bn
km ring c gi l 4 bn phim Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black. Mi bn phim ny c cu to gm
nhiu ht tng trng cho cc ht mu s c in ln sn phm.
Trong m hnh ny, mi mu c bn c gi tr bin thin t 0-100, cc gi tr ny l cc t l %, chng
c coi l t l % mc nhiu t (t l cc ht trn c in ln b mt sn phm) ca mi mu s c in
ra mu.
V l thuyt, m hnh CMYK khng din t c lng mu sc ln nh RGB, v th vic xc nh lm
vic trn mi trng no l ht sc quan trng. Khi bn ang lm vic trn m hnh RGB li chuyn i
sang CMYK ( in chng hn), th mt s mu m CMYK khng nhn ra c s c chng trnh gi
lp bng cc mu trung gian nhn c quanh n, t y cng vic ca bn s din ra ht sc b ng.
V vy, vic n nh mc ch s dng bn thit k ca mnh phi c u tin ngay khi bt tay vo
cng vic. in n ngi ta dng mode CMYK, dng RGB truyn ln cc thit b xut nh mn hnh,
tivi hay l giao din WEB...
H thng x l mu HSB:
HSB l m hnh mu da trn ba yu t m t mt mu l Hue (mu sc), Saturation ( bo ha mu)
v Brightness (cng sng ti). S dng h thng ny, bn khng cn phi quan tm t l % ca mu