Cẩm nang chăn nuôi heo

S NONG NGHIEP VA PTNT TP.
HO CH MINH
TRUNG TAM KHUYEN NONG
CAM NANG
CHAN NUOI HEO
NAM 2008
Li M au
Chn nui heo nc ta pht trin rt lu v cho n nay so vi
cc ngnh chn nui khc nh: tru, b, gia cm, thth chn nui
heo gp phn ng k cho i sng kinh t ca c nc ni chung, ca
ngi chn nui heo ni ring. Tht heo c s dng rng ri v l
mn thc n cung cp m trong cc ba n hng ngy ca ngi dn,
chim t l cao nht trong nhm thc phm ng vt.
Hin nay, nhu cu tiu dng ca ngi dn cn nhng sn phm
m bo v sinh an ton, sn phm sch. Trong , tht heo sch v an
ton phi m bo khng c d lng thuc khng sinh; khng c c
t nm mc, cc kim loi nng, thuc tr su; khng tn d cc cht
tng trng b cm; khng mang cc mm bnh truyn nhim nh vi
khun, virus, k sinh trng, Mun vy, b con chn nui phi thc
hin quy trnh chn nui ph hp.
Qua kinh nghim thc tin chng ti mun gii thiu vi ng o
bn c Cm nang chn nui heo an ton do Trung tm Khuyn
nng thnh ph bin son. Ni dung cun sch trnh by v nhng vn
mu cht trong chn nui heo an ton gip ngi chn nui rt
ra nhng b quyt thnh cng gp phn tng thm ngun thu nhp cho
kinh t nng h, gii quyt mt phn lc lng lao ng ph, to ra sn
phm an ton p ng cho nhu cu tiu th trong nc v xut khu.
Chng ti hy vng quyn cm nang ny s gip ch cho nhng bn
c mun gn b vi ngh chn nui heo c c nhng kin thc c
bn i n thnh cng trong chn nui.
Trong qu trnh bin son s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt
mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp ca Qu bn c cht lng
cm nang ngy cng tt hn.
Chc cc bn thnh cng.
TS. TRN VIT M
MUC LUC
Li m au. ............................................................................................2
Phan I: Quy trnh chan nuoi heo an toan.............................................3
2. Hay cho biet thu tuc va trnh t cong bo ap dung
quy trnh chan nuoi heo tht an toan?.....................................................8
3. e c cong bo at tieu chuan chan nuoi heo tht an toan,
c s chan nuoi can ap ng nhng ieu kien g? ...............................8
4. Cong bo ap dung quy trnh chan nuoi heo tht
an toan cua 1 c s chan nuoi gom nhng noi dung g? .......................9
5. C s chan nuoi heo an toan can co so sach
theo doi nh the nao? .......................................................................... 10
6. Tai sao phai ghi chep, quan ly so lieu? ........................................... 10
7. Cac yeu cau ve ve sinh thu y oi vi
c s chan nuoi nh the nao? .............................................................. 10
8. Hay cho biet cac yeu cau ve sinh
thu y oi vi thc an chan nuoi?.......................................................... 11
9. Nguon nc s dung trong chan nuoi
can co nhng yeu cau g e am bao sach? ....................................... 11
10. ieu kien ve sinh thu y oi vi moi trng
chan nuoi an toan la nh the nao?....................................................... 13
11. V tr trai chan nuoi phai bo tr
nh the nao e am bao an toan? ....................................................... 14
12. e chan nuoi heo an toan, khu chan nuoi
phai am bao cac ieu kien g? ........................................................... 15
13. Can phai co nhng yeu cau g
khi xuat ban heo tht an toan? ............................................................. 16
14. Hien nay TP. Ho ch minh co c s
nao chan nuoi heo theo quy trnh an toan khong? ............................... 17
Phan II: Giong va cong tac giong ...................................................... 17
15. Giong heo nao c a chuong nuoi tai TP.HCM?.......................... 17

16. Muon nuoi heo nai th chon giong heo nao? .................................. 17
17. Muon chan nuoi heo tht, can la chon giong heo nao? ................. 18
18. Ap dung phng phap thu tinh nhan tao co li g?........................ 18
19. a ch nao cung cap heo c giong tot?....................................... 18
20. e chan nuoi heo at ty le nac cao, can la chon
giong heo nao phu hp?....................................................................... 19
21. Cac phng thc e la chon giong heo nuoi tht? ........................ 19
22. e nuoi heo hng nac at hieu qua,
can chu trong nhng yeu to g? ........................................................... 20
Phan III: Chuong trai chan nuoi ......................................................... 21
23. Nen chon v tr va hng chuong nh the nao la tot nhat? ........... 21
24. Cho biet mot so yeu cau ky thuat khi
xay dng chuong nuoi? .......................................................................22
25. e am bao cho heo co moi trng song thoai mai
th dien tch chuong nuoi nh the nao la phu hp? ............................24
26. Co the lam mang an, uong cho heo
bang ximang c khong? ..................................................................24
Phan IV: Cham soc va nuoi dng....................................................25
27. Tai sao phai phoi hp cac nguyen lieu thc an
trong khau phan nuoi heo? ..................................................................25
28. Tieu chuan dinh dng cho nuoi
heo tht the nao la phu hp? ...............................................................25
29. Cho biet mot so cong thc phoi tron thc an? ......................... 26
30. Thc an cong nghiep la g? ..........................................................28
31. Cach s dung thc an am ac phoi tron
khau phan cho heo nh the nao? ........................................................29
Bang: Ty le pha tron thc an am ac ...............................................29
32. Nguyen lieu e phoi tron thc an can
am bao nhng yeu cau g? ..............................................................30
4
Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan
33. Lam sao e phoi tron eu cac nguyen lieu thc an? ....................30
34. Lam sao e bao quan thc an phoi tron c hieu qua? ..............31
35. Nhng nguyen nhan nao gay ton d
khang sinh trong thc pham? .............................................................32
36. Cho biet tac hai cua ton d khang sinh
va kch thch to trong tht? ..................................................................32
Phan V: Bien phap phong tr benh ....................................................34
37. Nhng yeu to nao anh hng en
kha nang mac benh cua an heo? ......................................................34
38. Hoi: Cong tac phong, chong dch benh cho an heo
tai c s phai thc hien the nao e am bao an toan? .....................35
39. Trng hp heo mac benh phai can thiep bang cach nao? ..........35
40. Xin cho biet nhng bien phap ve sinh
thu y trong chan nuoi heo? .................................................................36
41. Tai sao khi thay oi thi tiet , ac biet la
khi chuyen mua, heo thng hay mac benh? ......................................37
42. Stress la g? Li hai cua stress oi vi an heo ra sao? ..............38
43. Bien phap nao e phong benh cho an heo? ...............................38
44. Lam sao nhan biet c heo mac benh? .....................................39
45. Trng hp heo mac benh truyen nhiem phai x ly ra sao?.........40
46. Thuoc sat trung phun trc tiep len heo c khong? .................... 41
47. Khi sat trung chuong trai can lu y van e g?............................. 41
48. Heo mac benh Dch ta co nhng trieu chng g? ........................ 42
49. Lam g khi heo mac benh Dch ta?
Cach phong benh ra sao? ................................................................... 43
50. Heo mac benh Gia dai co nhng trieu chng g? ........................ 44
51. Khi heo b benh Gia dai, ta phai x ly nh the nao?
Cho biet cach phong benh? ................................................................ 44
52. Heo mac benh L mom long mong
co nhng trieu chng g? ................................................................... 44

53. Khi heo b L mom long mong ta phai x ly nh the nao?
Cach phong benh ra sao? ................................................................... 45
54. Hay cho biet Hoi chng roi loan sinh san,
ho hap heo (PRRS) co nhng bieu hien ra sao?.............................. 46
55. Co cach g e phong benh PRRS hieu qua khong? ...................... 47
56. Heo mac benh Tu huyet trung co nhng trieu chng g? ............. 48
57. Benh Tu huyet trung co ieu tr c khong?
Bien phap phong benh nh the nao? .................................................. 49
58. Lam sao e biet c heo mac benh ong dau son? ................. 49
59. e phong tr benh ong dau son cho heo ta phai lam g? ........... 51
60. Heo mac benh Thng han co nhng trieu chng g? ................. 51
61. Cach g e phong tr benh Thng han hieu qua? ........................ 52
62. Heo mac Benh suyen co nhng trieu chng g? .......................... 53
63. Cho biet cach phong tr benh Suyen heo? .................................... 53
64. Hay cho biet cac nguyen nhan gay ra tieu chay tren heo,
trieu chng lam sang va cach ieu tr?............................................... 54
65. Heo b tieu chay co nhng bieu hien g?
Cach ieu tr ra sao? ........................................................................... 55
66. Hay cho biet cac nguyen nhan gay ra Hoi chng coi
tren heo sau cai sa (PMWS)? Benh co bieu hien ra sao? ................. 56
67. Xin cho biet cu the cach phong tr Hoi chng Coi
tren heo sau cai sa? .......................................................................... 56
68. Heo b giun ua trieu chng ra sao?
Cach g e phong benh?..................................................................... 57
69. Lam sao biet heo b nhiem giun phoi?
Cach phong benh the nao? ................................................................. 58
70. Heo benh Ghe co bieu hien g? Cach phong tr
the nao cho hieu qua? ......................................................................... 59
PHU LUC ............................................................................................. 61
6
PHAN I
QUY TRNH CHAN NUOI HEO AN TOAN
1. Hoi: Khai niem tht heo sach, an toan c hieu

nh the nao?
ap:
Theo quy nh cua nganh thu y, tht sach la tht khong
cha hormone, ton d khang sinh di mc cho phep, khong
co oc to nam moc, cac kim loai nang, thuoc tr sau; khong
ton d cac chat kch thch tang trng hoac chat tao nac b
cam s dung (Clenbuterol, Salbutamol) khong mang cac mam
benh truyen nhiem nh vi khuan, virus, ky sinh trung. ieu nay,
oi hoi heo c chan nuoi trong he thong chuong trai at tieu
chuan, thc an chat lng c quan ly tot, s dung cac chat
bo sung tang sc khang benh cho heo nh axt hu c, men
tieu hoa, protein va dung cac che pham thao dc e phong
benh cho heo. e at c ieu o quy trnh phai xuyen suot
t:
- Khau chan nuoi: con giong, ieu kien chuong trai, quan
ly thc an, cham soc nuoi dng, quan ly dch benh tot.
- Khau che bien: c c quan thu y kiem tra trc khi
giet mo; giet mo tren ng day mo treo va co s kiem soat
cua thu y; ap ng cac yeu cau ve sinh ni giet mo, pha loc va
ngi trc tiep giet mo.
- Van chuyen bang xe chuyen dung. Tai cac iem ban le,
tht phai c e trong cac tu chuyen dung, co vach che xung
quanh e tranh bui ban va ngan can s xam nhap cua cac vi
sinh vat va sau cung ngi ban cung phai sach.
2. Hoi: Hay cho biet thu tuc va trnh t cong bo ap

dung quy trnh chan nuoi heo tht an toan?
ap:
Can c vao Luat tieu chuan va quy chuan ky thuat so
68/2006/QH11 ngay 29/6/2006; Luat chat lng san pham
hang hoa so 05/2007/QH12 ngay 21/11/2007; Quyet nh so
03/2007/Q-BNN ngay 19/01/2007 cua Bo Nong nghiep va
Phat trien nong thon ve viec Ban hanh Quy nh ve cong bo
tieu chuan chat lng san pham, hang hoa ac thu chuyen
nganh nong nghiep; can c cac tieu chuan Viet Nam (TCVN)
va tieu chuan nganh (TCN) cua Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien
nong thon ve chan nuoi gia suc. Cac to chc, ca nhan, cac c
s chan nuoi heo tren a ban thanh pho phai nam c cac thu
tuc cong bo ap dung quy trnh chan nuoi heo tht an toan nh
sau:
1.Ho s cong bo:
- Ban cong bo tieu chuan oi vi c s chan nuoi ap dung quy
trnh chan nuoi heo tht an toan.
- Tieu chuan c s bao gom cac ch tieu ky thuat va mc chat
lng oi vi quy trnh chan nuoi heo an toan ap dung theo TC
Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT.
2. Gi ho s tai Bo phan tiep nhan va tra ket qua - S Nong
nghiep va Phat trien nong thon 176 Hai Ba Trng, phng
akao, Quan 1, TPHCM.
3. Trong vong 10 ngay lam viec ke t khi nhan ho s hp le,
hoan chnh, S Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon thanh pho
se cap phieu tiep nhan cong bo ap dung quy trnh chan nuoi
heo tht an toan oi vi c s chan nuoi.
3. Hoi: e c cong bo at tieu chuan chan nuoi
heo tht an toan, c s chan nuoi can ap ng nhng
ieu kien g?
ap:
8
(1) oi vi c s chan nuoi: theo TC Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT

quy nh:
- Co quy mo chan nuoi t 100 con heo tht tr len.
- Co giay chng nhan ang ky kinh doanh hoac giay phep thanh
lap doanh nghiep do c quan co tham quyen cap cho c s.
- Khoang cach t trai en khu dan c, benh vien, trng hoc,
ng giao thong chnh va cac cong trnh cong cong khac theo
quy nh sau:
+ C s co quy mo t 50 200 con cach toi thieu 200m.
+ C s co quy mo t 200 1000 con cach toi thieu 500m
+ C s co quy mo t 1000 con cach toi thieu 1000m.
(2) oi vi ho chan nuoi nho le:
- Thiet ke chuong trai phai am bao chac chan; cach biet
vi khu vc sinh hoat cua gia nh.
- Co he thong cap thoat nc, x l#y nc thai, chat thai e
khong gay o nhiem moi trng.
- Tuan thu nghiem ngat cac bien phap phong chong dch
benh theo quy nh phap luat.
4. Hoi: Cong bo ap dung quy trnh chan nuoi heo tht
an toan cua 1 c s chan nuoi gom nhng noi dung
g?
ap:
Cong bo ap dung quy trnh chan nuoi heo tht an toan gom 3
noi dung nh sau:
1. Phai co quy trnh chan nuoi heo tht e at tieu chuan an
toan.
2. Phai ap ng cac yeu cau ve ve sinh thu y oi vi c s chan
nuoi.
3. Phai ap ng cac yeu cau ve ve sinh thu y oi vi chuong
trai, thc an chan nuoi, nc uong va moi trng chan nuoi.
5. Hoi: C s chan nuoi heo an toan can co so sach

theo doi nh the nao?
ap:
C s chan nuoi can thiet phai co cac so theo doi nh sau:
1. So theo doi c cau an heo (heo con theo me, heo con
di 28 ngay tuoi, heo con cai sa, heo con 29 60 ngay tuoi,
heo tht, hau b, heo lam viec.
2. So theo doi xuat, nhap gia suc
3. So theo doi tiem phong va ieu tr benh
4. So theo doi thc an, thuoc thu y va hoa chat
5. So theo doi kiem nghiem, xet nghiem
6. Hoi: Tai sao phai ghi chep, quan ly so lieu?
ap:
Ngi chan nuoi phai theo doi va ghi chep ay u cac s
kien co lien quan en an heo, cu the nh: gia pha, kha nang
san xuat, cac van e ve sinh san, tnh trang sc khoe, benh
tat va cach x ly, che o cham soc nuoi dng nham muc ch
quan ly an heo cua mnh tot hn. ong thi, giup nang cao
kha nang san xuat cua an heo qua chon loc giong, tranh c
hien tng ong huyet.
7. Hoi: Cac yeu cau ve ve sinh thu y oi vi c s
chan nuoi nh the nao?
ap: theo TC Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT quy nh nh sau:
1. Bo tr c s chan nuoi phu hp gom: tng rao, ng
noi bo, khu che bien, kho thc an, khu chan nuoi, x ly phan,
nc thai.
2. Co khu vc nuoi heo tht rieng biet, co dien tch va
mat o nuoi phu hp; cac trai c bo tr mot chieu; khong nuoi
cac loai ong vat khac trong khu chan nuoi.
3. Phai co ho sat trung ca ra vao moi day chuong
10
nuoi, ng noi bo va c thay oi thng xuyen.

4. Thiet b va dung cu dung trong chan nuoi phai am
bao ieu kien ve sinh thu y.
5. Can bo, nhan vien, cong nhan chan nuoi phai thc
hien ung cac yeu cau nh co quan ao bao ho lao ong, kham
sc khoe nh ky theo quy nh.
8. Hoi: Hay cho biet cac yeu cau ve sinh thu y oi
vi thc an chan nuoi?
ap:
- Thc an phai at tieu chuan chat lng theo Tieu chuan
Viet Nam (TCVN) hoac tieu chuan nganh (TCN) quy nh oi vi
thc an chan nuoi nh: khong cha cac loai khang sinh, hoa
chat cam s dung trong thc an chan nuoi c ban hanh kem
theo Quyet nh so 54/2002/Q-BNN ngay 20/6/2002 cua Bo
trng Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon.
- Thc an phai co bao b, nhan hieu ro rang, a ang
ky# tieu chuan chat lng hang hoa vi c quan nha nc theo
ung quy nh.
- Khong s dung loai thc an am ac, hon hp, premix
khoang, vitamin qua han s dung.
- Quan ly chat che tnh hnh xuat nhap nguyen lieu (neu
c s t san xuat thc an) hoac thc an chan nuoi nhap vao trai;
lieu lng thuoc thu y bo sung vao thc an.
- Co quy trnh cu the trong viec bao quan va ve sinh tr
moi, mot tai kho tr nguyen lieu va thc an chan nuoi.
- nh ky 6 thang lay mau kiem tra chat lng thc an
chan nuoi oi vi mot so ch tieu thiet yeu nh: am, muoi,
canxi, phospho, cac chat cam (beta-agonist), nam moc.
9. Hoi: Nguon nc s dung trong chan nuoi can co
nhng yeu cau g e am bao sach?
11
ap:
- Nhu cau nc dung trong chan nuoi heo la rat ln, trung
bnh nhu cau cho tam, uong khoang 50l/con/ngay.
- Nc s dung cho heo phai am bao:
+ Khong b o nhiem: nhiem chat oc hoa hoc, thuoc tr sau,
...
+ nguon nc t ao, ho nhieu phu sa can co be cha e lang
gan hoac s dung thuoc kh trung e x ly nc.
- Nc s dung trong chan nuoi phai at tieu chuan Bo
NN & PTNT.
Bang: Tieu chuan nc uong cho heo (theo TC Bo Nong nghiep
va PTNT)
Mc cht
lng
5.0 8.5
cng, ti a
mg/l
500
Nitrat (NO-3), ti a
mg/l
50
Nitrit (NO-2), ti a
mg/l
Clorua, ti a
mg/l
500
Asen, ti a
mg/l
0.05
St, ti a
mg/l
0.5
Nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD), ti a
mg/l
10
Nhu cu oxy sinh ha (BOD), ti a
mg/l
10
Tng s cht rn, ti a
mg/l
3000
11
ng, ti a
mg/l
12
Xianua, ti a
mg/l
0.07
13
Florua, ti a
mg/l
STT
12
Ch tiu
pH nc
V tnh
14
Ch, ti a
mg/l
0.1
15
Mangan, ti a
mg/l
16
Thy ngn, ti a
mg/l
0.1
17
Km, ti a
mg/l
18
Vi khun hiu kh, ti a
mg/l
10000
19
Coliform tng s, ti a
MPN/100ml
30
20
Coliform phn, ti a
MPN/100ml
- nh ky 6 thang lay mau kiem tra chat lng nguon

nc uong cho heo oi vi mot so ch tieu nh pH, cac chat
khoang, Coliform tong so , Coliform phan, tong so vi khuan
hieu kh.
10. Hoi: ieu kien ve sinh thu y oi vi moi trng
chan nuoi an toan la nh the nao?
ap:
1. Che o ve sinh thu y oi vi moi trng:
- Hang ngay ve sinh chuong nuoi, hanh lang, don chat
thai, ra mang an, mang uong, num uong.
- Xay dng he thong x ly nc thai, chat thai (biogas).
- nh ky ve sinh, tieu oc chuong trai:
+ Phun hoa chat sat trung: 1 tuan/lan
+ Ve sinh cong ranh: 1 tuan/lan
+ Ve sinh kho cha nguyen lieu, thc an thanh pham: 2
tuan/lan
+ Ve sinh be nc: 1 thang/lan
- Ch c s dung hoa chat khong anh hng en sc
khoe cua an heo e phun, xt chuong nuoi.
- Khi xay ra dch benh hoac b dch uy hiep phai thc
hien quy trnh ve sinh, kh trung tieu oc, hoa chat sat trung
13
theo hng dan cua c quan thu y.

- nh ky 6 thang lay mau kiem tra chat lng nguon
nc thai oi vi mot so ch tieu nh COD, BOD, Coliform, tong
so vi khuan hieu kh.
2. Che o ve sinh thu y oi vi chuong trai: sau khi xuat heo
phai thao bo dung cu chan nuoi, co ra sach. Sau o, kh trung
tieu oc bang hoa chat thch hp va e trong chuong toi thieu
trong 2 tuan.
3. Cac bien phap chong loai gam nham, chim, con trung,
nhan to trung gian truyen benh:
- Thng xuyen diet chuot bang bay hoac thuoc diet chuot.
- Lam li che ca so, s dung quat thong gio.
- nh ky dung hoa chat hoac ap dung phng phap sinh hoc
e diet con trung.
11. Hoi: V tr trai chan nuoi phai bo tr nh the nao
e am bao an toan?
ap: can c theo tieu chuan Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT quy
nh:
(1) ieu kien ve sinh thu y
- a iem chan nuoi phai c cap co tham quyen cho phep,
theo quy hoach cua chnh quyen a phng.
- Cach khu dan c, benh vien, trng hoc, ng giao thong
chnh va cac cong trnh cong cong khac theo quy nh sau:
+ C s co quy mo t 50 200 con cach toi thieu 200m.
+ C s co quy mo t 200 1000 con cach toi thieu 500m
+ C s co quy mo t 1000 con cach toi thieu 1000m.
- v tr cao rao, nen chuong cach mat nc ngam toi thieu
2m va tranh c cac nguon gay o nhiem.
- Phai co u nc dung cho chan nuoi. Nguon nc, at
khong b o nhiem.
14
- Co u dien tch, ieu kien x ly chat thai ran, nc thai.

- Co tng bao quanh c s chan nuoi. Tng phai u cao e
ngan chan ngi, ong vat xam nhap vao khu nuoi.
- Co tng ngan cach khu hanh chnh vi khu chan nuoi. Khu
chan nuoi cach biet vi khu sinh hoat gia nh.
- Co ng noi bo e van chuyen heo, thc an, chat thai.
- Khu che bien thc an chan nuoi va cac kho cha nguyen
lieu, thc an chan nuoi thanh pham c bo tr cach biet vi
khu chan nuoi, ni e cac hoa chat oc hai, chat gay chay no.
- Kho cha phai kho rao, thoang mat, co bien phap diet
chuot, moi mot.
(2) Cach bo tr chuong trai chan nuoi
- Chuong heo c au hng gio, ke tiep la chuong nai e,
nai cha, nai hau b.
- Chuong heo tht can bo tr rieng va sap xep lien hoan nh
sau: heo cai sa heo choai heo vo beo.
- Khu nuoi cach ly c bo tr xa chuong nuoi tap trung e
cach ly heo mi nhap ve va heo om.
12. Hoi: e chan nuoi heo an toan, khu chan nuoi
phai am bao cac ieu kien g?
ap:
- Loi ra vao c s va khu chan nuoi co ho tieu oc cha hoa
chat sat trung co hieu lc tiet trung cho ngi va phng tien
van chuyen i qua.
- Khu chan nuoi c chia thanh cac khu vc rieng cho tng
loai heo.
- Khoang cach gia cac day chuong toi thieu bang 2 2.5 lan
chieu cao chuong nuoi.
- Co khu nuoi cach ly heo mi nhap t ni khac ve e theo
doi kiem dch trc khi nhap an.
- Co khu nhot rieng heo benh e cha tr.
15
- Co ni tieu huy heo chet. Ni nay phai cach xa khu chan

nuoi va pha cuoi nguon nc, cuoi hng gio.
- Co kho cha vat dung dung trong chan nuoi.
- Co ni ve sinh, kh trung tieu oc dung cu chan nuoi,
phng tien van chuyen.
- Co khu x ly chat thai, khu nay c bo tr ni thap nhat
cua khu chan nuoi. Trong o, khu cha phan phai u dung tch,
phan phai c x ly bang phng phap u nhiet sinh hoc hoac
cong nghe biogas va ch c chuyen i sau khi x ly. Nguon
nc thai trc khi thai ra moi trng phai c x ly bang ho
sinh hoc hoac be yem kh theo mo hnh:
13. Hoi: Can phai co nhng yeu cau g khi xuat ban
heo tht an toan?
ap:
- Heo tht xuat ban am bao c nuoi ung theo quy
trnh chan nuoi heo an toan, khoe manh.
- Kiem tra heo trc khi xuat ban: kiem tra lam sang
20% so heo c xuat ban oi vi mot so benh truyen nhiem
nguy hiem, benh viem khp, ky sinh trung, ghe, cac vet thng
chan e anh gia ket qua thc hien ve sinh thu y phong benh
tai c s va e ra bien phap khac phuc.
- Khi xuat ban phai am bao:
+ Thc hien khai bao kiem dch vi c quan thu y theo
quy nh va cap nhat so sach ve tnh hnh tang giam an.
+ Con thi han mien dch oi vi cac benh truyen nhiem
bat buoc tiem phong.
+ Khong co ton d khang sinh, khong s dung hormon
va cac hoa chat cam s dung theo quy nh cua Bo Nong
nghiep va PTNT (can c tren so theo doi tnh hnh ieu tr, so
theo doi tnh hnh xuat ban, phieu ket qua xet nghiem kiem tra
16
theo nh ky hoac ot xuat theo ch nh).

14. Hoi: Hien nay TP. Ho ch minh co c s nao
chan nuoi heo theo quy trnh an toan khong?
ap:
- X nghiep chan nuoi heo ong Hiep, ap 3, xa Pham Van Coi,
huyen Cu Chi, TPHCM.
- Hp tac xa chan nuoi heo an toan Tien Phong ap An Hoa, xa
An Phu, huyen Cu Chi, TPHCM.
PHAN II
GIONG VA CONG TAC GIONG
15. Hoi: Giong heo nao c a chuong nuoi tai

TP.HCM?
ap:
Cac giong heo ngoai Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc, Pietrain
va heo lai 2, 3, 4 mau nh: Landrace - Yorkshire; Yorkshire Landrace - Duroc; Landrace - Duroc - Yorkshire - Pietrain.
16. Hoi: Muon nuoi heo nai th chon giong heo
nao?
ap:
Muon chon heo nai ta nen chon heo cai lai 2 mau nh
Yorkshire-Landrace hoac Landrace-Yorkshire. Heo lai nay co
sac long trang, tai to hi su, co dai, au thon, mong vai n, lng
dai hi cong, tang trong nhanh, ty le tieu ton thc an/kg tang
trong thap, o day m lng thap. Heo cai lai thng e sai,
trung bnh 10 - 12 con/la, khoang 2 - 2,5 la/nam, nuoi con
gioi, cho sa tot, de nuoi dng cham soc va co kha nang thch
nghi tot vi moi trng nhiet i nong am cua nc ta.
17
17. Hoi: Muon chan nuoi heo tht, can la chon giong
heo nao?
ap:
Muon chon heo tht ta nen chon heo lai hai mau tr len
trong o c lai cuoi cung la mot con hng nac. Cac giong heo
lai nh: Yorkshire - Duroc, Landrace-Duroc, Yorkshire-Pietrain,
Landrace-Pietrain,Yorkshire-Landrace-Duroc,YorkshireLandrace-Duroc-Pietrain. Heo lai nay thng co tam voc ln, t
le nac rat cao, tang trong nhanh 5.5 - 6.5 thang tuoi at 100kg,
tieu ton thc an/ kg tang trong thap, kha nang chong chu benh
tot.
18. Hoi: Ap dung phng phap thu tinh nhan tao co
li g?
ap:
Thu tinh nhan tao cho heo lam tang hieu qua kinh te
oi vi heo c, han che lay lan dch benh gia heo noc va heo
khac hoac ngc lai, kiem tra c t le tinh trung cua heo noc
e ta co the loai thai nhng con khong at yeu cau. Tuy nhien,
chung ta can phai xac nh ung thi iem trng rung th mi
am bao so lng heo con e ra nhieu.
19. Hoi: a ch nao cung cap heo c giong tot?
ap:
- X nghiep chan nuoi heo Phc Long, Khu pho 4,
phng Phc Long B, quan 9. ien thoai: 08. 7313008
0909299289
- Trai chan nuoi heo Tan Trung, ap 4, xa Hoa Phu, huyen Cu
Chi, TPHCM. ien thoai: 08. 7956802 7954082
- Trai chan nuoi heo ong Hiep, ap 3, xa Pham Van Coi,
huyen Cu Chi, TPHCM. ien thoai: 08. 8966627
- X nghiep heo giong cap 1, 37/11 phng Linh Xuan, quan
Thu c, TPHCM. ien thoai: 08.7240406
- Trai heo Tran Van Thanh, ap Bac Lan, Ba iem, Hoc Mon.
18
- Trai heo Tran Van Dung, Tan Thi Nh, Hoc Mon
- Trai heo Nguyen Kim Thoai, ap Cay Da, Tan Phu Trung, Cu Chi
- Trai heo Dng Van Tha, ap Hoi Thanh, xa Trung An, Cu Chi
- Trai heo Bui Xuan Vinh, 10/8 Long Thanh My, quan 9
20. Hoi: e chan nuoi heo at ty le nac cao, can la
chon giong heo nao phu hp?
ap:
e chan nuoi heo at ty le nac cao nen chon nuoi heo
giong ngoai va lai kinh te ngoai x ngoai v cac giong heo a
phng trong nc cho nang suat, chat lng va hieu qua kinh
te khong cao, m nhieu t nac, khong ap ng c th hieu
ngi tieu dung. Chnh v vay, e cai thien chat lng an heo
trong nc, mot so giong heo nhap noi nh Yorkshire, Landrace,
Duroc ang c nuoi pho bien nc ta. Tuy nhien, moi giong
heo eu co nhng u va nhc iem khac nhau, nhng khi ket
hp lai se tao thanh mot u the lai tot nhat con lai 2 mau, 3
mau, 4 mau. Heo lai de nuoi, tang trong nhanh, tieu ton thc
an/kg tang trong thap nen ngi ta thng goi la heo lai kinh te.
Tuy cong thc lai va phng thc chan nuoi, heo lai kinh te co
ty le nac khac nhau.
21. Hoi: Cac phng thc e la chon giong heo
nuoi tht?
ap:
e co c heo con tot nuoi tht can phai chon nhng con at
tieu chuan ve pham chat giong, ieu nay c thc hien nh
sau:
- Chon theo ngoai hnh: dai on, lng thang, bung thon
gon, mong vai n, bon chan chac khoe, khau uoi to, khong co
d tat mieng, mui.
- Chon theo the chat: heo co dang i nhanh nhen, khoe
manh, mat sang, niem mac hong hao, long tha, ong mt,
mui t, pham an, de nuoi.
19
- Chon theo gia pha: chon heo con t nhng heo bo me

cao san vi cac ac trng nh: heo bo me to con, tang trong
nhanh, de nuoi, tieu ton thc an thap. Nhng ac tnh tot cua
the he cha me co the c di truyen cho i sau.
22. Hoi: e nuoi heo hng nac at hieu qua, can
chu trong nhng yeu to g?
ap:
Muon nuoi heo hng nac at yeu cau tang trong nhanh,
thi gian nuoi ngan, chi ph thc an cho 1kg tang trong thap,
quay vong von nhanh, gia thanh ha phai chu trong nhng yeu
to sau:
- Giong heo: phai chon heo lai hng nac v kha nang
tang trong nhanh, ch so tieu ton thc an thap, kha nang chong
chu benh tot.
- Chuong trai: phai am bao thong thoang, tao ieu kien
thoai mai cho heo van ong, sinh hoat. Neu chuong nuoi qua
nong, heo se an t va tang trong cham. Ngc lai, chuong nuoi
qua lanh, heo se an nhieu e chong lanh va chi ph thc an cao
hn.
- Cham soc nuoi dng: cac giai oan tuoi khac nhau
co nhu cau dinh dng khac nhau. Thc an giau dinh dng se
giup heo phat trien toi a pham chat di truyen tao nac. Thc
an phai can oi nhu cau dinh dng, khong nen thay oi ot
ngot thanh phan va gia tr dinh dng cua thc an de dan en
stress, anh hng en kha nang tieu hoa, khong tot cho qua
trnh sinh trng, phat trien cua an heo. Khi can thay oi thc
an nen thay oi t t trong vai ngay theo cach sau:
+ Ngay th 1: 75% thc an cu + 25% thc an mi
20

- Ve sinh phong benh: Sau moi t xuat chuong phai
cha ra chuong sach se, sat trung, e trong vai ngay roi mi
nhan heo vao nuoi, loi ra vao moi trai eu phai co ho sat trung.
Tai cong ln co ho sat trung va he thong phun thuoc sat trung.
Trc khi vao khu vc chan nuoi moi ngi eu phai dam len ho
sat trung, moi tuan phun thuoc sat trung toan trai mot lan bang
dung dch Multicide 1/100.
- Thi iem xuat chuong: phai xuat chuong ung thi
iem se cho khoi lng nac cao nhat va tieu ton thc an thap
nhat. Thong thng, khi heo lai 2 mau at trong lng khoang
80 90kg va heo lai 3 mau trong lng 80 100kg la luc xuat
chuong tot nhat v ay la thi ky ch tieu kinh te tong hp toi
u nhat. Neu xuat chuong trong lng thap hn 80kg th tht
heo b nhao, nhieu xng, ngc lai xuat chuong tren 100kg th
ch so tieu ton thc an cao, heo map m, lng nac t, ton cong
cham soc nhng gia ban khong cao, do vay li nhuan thu c
thap. ong thi, viec xuat chuong ong loat se la mot cach toi
u e han che mam benh lu tru tai chuong, v the khi tha heo
vao nuoi, heo phai cung la tuoi e de cham soc, phong benh.
PHAN III
CHUONG TRAI CHAN NUOI
23. Hoi: Nen chon v tr va hng chuong nh the

nao la tot nhat?
ap:
ieu kien kh hau Viet Nam nong am, do vay chuong
nuoi phai am bao thong thoang, tranh ma tat gio lua. Chuong
trai thch hp gop phan bao ve sc khoe va toc o sinh trng
21
cua an heo, tiet kiem c lao ong. Neu ta chon a iem

khong thch hp e xay dng chuong trai th cac ch tieu kinh
te nh toc o tang trong, tieu ton thc an va benh ly se gay anh
hng en hieu qua chan nuoi. Do o, tuy vao a the lo at
hien co ma xay dng cho phu hp. Nhng tot nhat nen chon:
- Xay dng chuong tren nen at cao rao, thoat nc tot,
khong lam ong nc gay o nhiem moi trng, ton lu benh
tat. Tranh vung at lay loi, am thap. Nam cuoi hng gio so vi
khu nha , khu dan c e tranh mui hoi va mam benh.
- Hng chuong anh hng kha ln ti nhiet o, o am, o
thoang, anh sang cua chuong nuoi, do vay e tao tieu kh hau
toi u trong chuong nuoi can bo tr hng chuong sao cho co
the on anh nang mat tri vao buoi sang, han che anh nang
gay gat buoi chieu. ong thi truc doc cua day chuong phai
theo hng ong Bac, Tay Nam e tranh cac hng nang bat
li, hng ma tat gio lua.
- Chuong nuoi phai ni thuan li giao thong e tien cho viec
van chuyen thc an, mua ban san pham.
- Cach xa cac khu vc tap trung ong dan c nh trng hoc,
benh vien, ch, khu vui chi.e tranh lay lan mam benh va o
nhiem moi trng.
- Bao am ve chat lng va so lng nc cung cap cho heo
thng xuyen.
24. Hoi: Cho biet mot so yeu cau ky thuat khi xay
dng chuong nuoi?
ap:
Chuong nuoi thong thoang se giup thoat kh oc (CO2,
NH3) va hi nc do thu thai ra. Do vay, can phai chu y nhng
iem sau:
- Mai chuong: c lam bang la, tole hoac ngoi. Phai u
cao e thoang gio, mat me, giam am, thoat hi oc. Chuong
22
mai lech hoac noc oi th s thoat kh se thuan li hn v luong

kh nong se lu chuyen len tren e thoat ra ngoai va luong kh
mat se lu chuyen vao chuong. Do o, chuong trai luon thoang
mat va giam c mot phan o am trong chuong. Ngoai ra, e
tao s thong thoang trong chuong nuoi co the trang b them
he thong quat thong gio.
- Nen chuong: phai chac chan, khong b nt, lun, khong
gho ghe, loi lom, tranh trn trt. Nen lat gach hoac ximang
nham co o doc 3 - 5% ve pha ranh thoat nc thai e viec
don ve sinh c de dang va chuong luon kho rao tranh ong
nc. Nen chuong cao hn mat at khoang 30 45cm e tranh
ngap ung, chieu cao t nen en mai chuong khong di 2.5m
(t 2.5m - 3.5m).
- Thanh chuong: co the xay gach, han che viec xay qua
kn nhng phai am bao thong thoang, khong kh lu thong tot
va han che ma tat, gio lua. Chieu cao thanh chuong tuy thuoc
vao tng nhom heo: nai nuoi con (0.6 0.7m), nai cha (0.7
0.8m), heo con, hau b (0.7 0.8m), heo tht (0.7 0.8m), nai
kho (0.8 0.9m), noc (1.2 1.6m).
- He thong cap nc uong: nuoi heo can dung nhieu
nc (nc uong, tam, ra chuong), do o phai thng xuyen
co nguon nc u e cung cap cho nhu cau hang ngay. Nguon
nc t cac gieng khoan, song suoi phai sach va qua x ly
theo he thong ong vao cac mang uong hay num uong t ong.
Thong thng, lng nc trung bnh cho heo uong moi ngay
bang khoang 7 12% the trong.
- He thong thoat nc va x ly phan: tot nhat lam ranh
co dale ay e x ly chat thai. Phan va nc thai o vao ho u, ta
co the lay phan u e bon cho cay trong. Nc phan co the cho
vao he thong ham u kh biogas e tan dung kh ot. Phan chat
thai a hoai co the ti co, cay trong hoac lam thc an nuoi
ca.
23
25. Hoi: e am bao cho heo co moi trng song

thoai mai th dien tch chuong nuoi nh the nao la
phu hp?
ap:
Chuong nuoi c trang ximang hoac lot gach e de
lam ve sinh, co the lam be tam trong chuong e giam bt nhiet
o va chuong trai sach se hn. Tuy nhien, heo co thoi quen va
tam va i tieu, tieu va uong luon nc ban trong be tam nen
can phai thay nc trong be tam thng xuyen, t nhat 2 lan/
ngay. Thong thng, mua nang heo co nhu cau giai nhiet e
chong nong nen rat can tam, thng ket hp tam heo vi ra
chuong. Mua lanh heo t nam vui tren phan va nc thai nen
chuong trai va heo sach se hn, nen co the han che tam heo
va ra chuong. Neu nhiet o trong chuong phu hp mc heo
nho 28 - 300C va heo la 26 - 280C th khong can tam heo.
- Dien tch chuong nuoi phai phu hp vi so heo nuoi, can
thong thoang, tng ngan bang song sat, phan di khoang
cach gia cac song la 10cm, cao 30cm cach nen chuong, phan
tren khoang cach gia cac song la 20cm, cao 60cm cach phan
di. Khong nuoi nhot qua 20 con/o, heo se de b stress (do
nhiet o, can nhau, tranh an do thieu cho).
Dien tch o chuong
Trng lng heo
chung (m2)
S heo/
18 50kg
6 12
8 16
50 100kg
9 18
7 15
26. Hoi: Co the lam mang an, uong cho heo bang
ximang c khong?
ap:
Mang an, mang uong co the c xay gach co nh, can
24
co lo thoat nc e tien lam ve sinh. Mang can co o cao thch

hp 13 - 20cm. Chieu dai thong thng 20-30cm/ au heo, ay
mang rong 20 - 30cm. Mang an c ngan tng o rieng bang
cac thanh chan e heo khong danh nhau khi an va tranh ri
vai thc an xuong nen chuong. Hien nay, rat nhieu c s chan
nuoi s dung mang an t ong dung cho heo co trong lng t
18 - 100kg v am bao thc an luon co trong mang u ap ng
c nhu cau can thiet cho an heo co mat thng xuyen trong
chuong. Mang uong co the dung chung vi mang an hoac lam
rieng cuoi chuong. Tot nhat nen s dung num uong t ong
e luon co nc sach va am bao u lng nc cho heo uong
t do (10 15con/num uong).
PHAN IV
CHAM SOC VA NUOI DNG
27. Hoi: Tai sao phai phoi hp cac nguyen lieu thc
an trong khau phan nuoi heo?
ap:
Heo la loai an tap, co the tieu hoa hau het cac loai thc
an co nguon goc thc vat va ong vat. Thc an cho heo can
co u cac chat dinh dng can thiet nh: chat bot, beo, am,
vitamin va khoang. Khi cho heo an phai phoi hp cac loai thc
an e khau phan co u cac chat dinh dng heo mi tang trong
nhanh em lai hieu qua kinh te cao.
28. Hoi: Tieu chuan dinh dng cho nuoi heo tht
the nao la phu hp?
ap:
Thong thng, heo cac giai oan tuoi khac nhau co
nhu cau dinh dng rat khac nhau. Ngi chan nuoi heo can
nam vng ac iem nhu cau dinh dng cua tng giai oan
25
khac nhau e cung cap ay u dng chat can thiet cho heo
sinh trng, phat trien tot.
- Nhu cau dinh dng cua heo tht c chia theo 3 giai
oan nh sau:
+ Giai oan 1 (sau cai sa, 15 30kg): ay la giai oan
heo con tang trong nhanh, cha tch m, tieu ton thc an cho
1kg tang trong thap, do vay can cung cap u dinh dng va cho
heo an t do. Lng thc an hang ngay can cho heo trong giai
oan nay c c tnh nh sau: 5% x trong lng c the.
Bang: Tieu chuan dinh dng cho heo nuoi hau b
Ch tiu
Nhu cu thc n
(kg/con/ngy)
Giai on
1
0.8 1.5
1.5 2.3
2.3 2.7
Phng thc cho n
T do
T do
Hn ch
Nng lng trao i

(kcal/kg, khng nh hn)
3000
3000
3000
m th (% khi lng,
khng nh hn)
17
15
13
X th (% khi lng,
khng ln hn)
6.0
8.0
8.0
Canxi (% khi lng,

trong khong)
Phtpho tng s (% khi
lng, khng nh hn)
Mui ha tan trong nc
(% khi lng, trong khong)
26
0.8 1.2
0.6
0.2 1.0
+ Giai oan 2 (heo choai, 31 60kg): heo can loai thc

an giau am va khoang e phat trien c bap va khung xng,
t tao m. Giai oan nay cho heo an t do. Co the cho an bang
thc an tan dung v giai oan nay bo may tieu hoa hoat ong
tot. Lng thc an hang ngay can cho heo trong giai oan nay
la: 4% x trong lng c the.
+ Giai oan 3 (heo vo beo, > 60kg): giai oan nay c
the phat trien c bap ay u va bat au tch luy m, do o can
giam 20% lng thc an so vi an t do e heo u nhu cau cho
duy tr c the va xay dng c bap ma khong d tha se de tch
luy thanh m. Lng thc an hang ngay can cho heo trong giai
oan nay la: 3% x trong lng c the.
Bang: Tieu chuan dinh dng cho heo nuoi tht
29. Hoi: Cho biet mot so cong thc phoi tron thc
an?
ap:
Thong thng thc an nuoi heo chiem 65 70% tong chi ph.
Do o, nen tan dung cac phu pham nong nghiep nh: bap,
tam, cam, khoai m, e phoi tron hoac phoi tron vi thc an
am ac thanh hon hp thc an hoan chnh, can oi nhu cau
dinh dng, tiet kiem c chi ph trong chan nuoi, giup heo
phat huy toi a tiem nang di truyen tao nac. Neu khau phan
thieu dng chat, va lang ph thi gian, va lang ph chi ph
ma tang trong heo khong cao. Do o, thc an va khau phan
thc an phai can oi nhu cau dinh dng. Nhu cau dinh dng
cua heo tht c chia lam 3 giai oan: heo con khoang 10
30kg; heo choai 31 60kg; heo vo beo 61 100kg.
Bang: Cac cong thc phoi tron thc an cho heo tht
(Nguon Trung tam KNQG hp phan chan nuoi gia
suc nho)
27
Nguyn liu
15 30kg
31 60kg
61 xut bn
CT 1
CT 2
CT 1
CT 2
CT 1
CT 2
Bt m
10
10
21
10
Bt bp
23.5
42.5
28
44
26.8
45
Tm
27
18
10
17
15
Cm go
24
15
25
9.5
Bt u nnh
17
18
25.5
13.5
17
12
Kh du nnh
Kh du phng
5.5
Bt c
2.5
Bt xng
1.5
1.5
Bt s
1.7
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
3068
3100
2986
2985
2950
2996
18
18
16.1
16
14
14.1
Mui n
Gi tr dinh dng
NLT (kcal/kg)
m th (%)
30. Thc an cong nghiep la g?

ap:
Thc an cong nghiep la loai thc an c che bien san,
gom co 2 loai: thc an hon hp va thc an am ac.
Thc an hon hp: la loai thc an cho heo an trc tiep, thng
dang bot hoac vien. Co ay u thanh phan cac chat dinh dng
can thiet cho s phat trien cua heo. Khi s dung khong can phoi
tron them cac chat khac.
- Thc an am ac: la loai thc an co ham lng cac chat
dinh dng cao, thng dang bot. Thanh phan chnh la: bot
28
ca, dau thc vat, banh dau au nanh, cac acid amin, cac chat
bo sung khoang va vitamin. Khi s dung cho heo an can tron
vi cac thc lieu san co a phng theo hng dan cua nha
san xuat. Thong thng thc an am ac danh cho heo t tap
an en xuat chuong co thanh phan dinh dng nh sau: o am
13%, nang lng trao oi (min) 2800kcal/kg, protein tho (min)
49%, x tho (max) 6%, canxi (min-max) 3.0 4.0%, photpho
tong so (min) 1.5%, muoi (min-max) 1.5 3.0%,..
31. Hoi: Cach s dung thc an am ac phoi tron
khau phan cho heo nh the nao?
ap:
Ngi chan nuoi co the t phoi tron thc an am ac (TA)
vi cac thc lieu san co a phng nh: bap, cam, tam,.
Tao ra thc an hon hp ay u thanh phan dinh dng giup tan
dung c phu pham gia re a phng, tiet kiem chi ph.
Bang: Ty le pha tron thc an am ac
Cng thc pha trn (kg)
Giai on
1
(15 30kg)
2
(31 60kg)
3
(61 xut
chung)
Bp
Tm
Cm go
Khoai m
TA
6.5
5.5
11
10
12
12.5
10.5
13
29
32. Hoi: Nguyen lieu e phoi tron thc an can am

bao nhng yeu cau g?
ap:
Khi s dung cac nguyen lieu e phoi tron thc an can
chu y cac van e sau:
- Nguyen lieu phai am bao chat lng, khong b am moc,
von cuc, co mui v la, hoac lan nhieu tap chat. oi vi mot so
nguyen lieu can s che trc e heo de tieu hoa. V du: au
nanh nen rang chn trc khi nghien.
- Phai x ly nhiet e diet mam benh khi dung cac nguyen
lieu giau khoang lam thc an nuoi heo.
- Nguyen lieu lam thc an dang hat phai c nghien nho.
- Khoi lng nguyen lieu phoi tron phai phu hp vi so lng
heo va mc an e tranh giam chat lng thc an do bao quan
lau.
- Ty le muoi an trong khau phan khong qua 0.5%
* Cach thay the cac loai nguyen lieu nh sau:
- Bap va tam; cam gao va bot m co the thay the lan nhau.
Nhng ty le cam gao khong nen qua 15% oi vi heo con va
30% oi vi heo ln (khong s dung cam gao lau, cam am b
chua, moc, ong cuc, b mot va lan trau).
- Kho dau phong co the thay the 1/3 kho dau nanh nhng
khong c s dung banh dau moc.
33. Hoi: Lam sao e phoi tron eu cac nguyen lieu
thc an?
ap:
- Thong thng cac c s chan nuoi ln co trang b may tron
thc an, khi hoat ong may tron eu cac thc lieu vi nhau. Vi
c s chan nuoi nho, khi can tron mot lng nho cac nguyen
lieu, chung ta co the thc hien nh sau:
+ o dan eu cac loai nguyen lieu a nghien ra nen nha
30
theo th t: loai nhieu o trc, loai t o sau.

+ oi vi cac loai nguyen lieu co khoi lng t nh:
khoang, vitamin phai tron trc vi mot t bot bap hoac cam e
tang khoi lng sau o mi tron lan vi cac nguyen lieu khac e
am bao phan bo eu trong hon hp thc an.
+ Dung xeng hoac tay tron that eu cho en khi hon
hp thc an co mau sac ong nhat. Khong tron qua lieu hoac
khong eu khoang vi lng vao thc an v: chat khoang vi lng
la yeu to dinh dng phu rat can thiet cho vat nuoi. Nhng neu
tron qua lieu co the gay ngo oc. V le o, khi s dung phai tron
ung lieu quy nh va phai tron that eu. Sau o, ong thc an
vao bao khau kn lai cho heo an dan.
34. Hoi: Lam sao e bao quan thc an phoi tron c
hieu qua?
ap:
Thc an phoi tron san co ay u chat dinh dng, vitamin
va khoang chat nen rat mau h hong, do o nen s dung het
trong vong 7 ngay. Tot nhat la bao quan thc an ni co mai
che, kho rao, thoang mat, tranh am moc. Tranh chuot bo gay
h hong thc an. ong thi, phai ke cao cach mat at 0.2 0.4m e tranh am t, de nhiem nam moc lam san sinh oc to
trong thc an. Trong thc te cung co trng hp an heo b ngo
oc do thc an b nam moc, heo chet ot ngot va ty le chet rat
cao v toan an eu s dung chung nguon thc an.
Lu y:
+ Cac loai banh dau: banh dau au phong, au nanh con
am, neu em cat gi trong kho se b nam Aspergillus flavus
phat trien sinh ra oc to Aflatoxin rat hai cho vat nuoi, lam h
gan.
+ Bap thu hoach vao mua ma, cha kho ma em cat
gi cung b nam tan cong sinh ra oc to Aflatoxin.
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+ Cam hon hp cung la oi tng de b nam tan cong.

o am nc ta cao, nguyen lieu thu hoach xong khong say
lien, lai em xay tron vao thc an, lam cho thc an rat am, e
vai ngay la ong thanh cuc, nam phat trien sinh ra nhieu loai
oc to, cho heo an rat nguy hiem.
35. Hoi: Nhng nguyen nhan nao gay ton d khang
sinh trong thc pham?
ap:
- Co the nhiem lan vao thc an do tiep xuc vi moi trng co
cha khang sinh.
- Co the ton d do loi ky thuat s dung thng xuyen khang
sinh trong chan nuoi nh:
+ Khang sinh cho vao thc an vi muc ch kch thch tang
trong.
+ Khang sinh cho vao nc uong e phong benh trong mua
dch benh.
+ ieu tr bang khang sinh lau dai.
- Co the cho thang vao thc pham vi muc ch c che, tieu
diet vi sinh vat e bao quan thc pham.
36. Hoi: Cho biet tac hai cua ton d khang sinh va
kch thch to trong tht?
ap:
Trc ay v muc tieu tang nang suat trong chan nuoi, ngi ta
s dung khang sinh va kch thch to nh la chat kch thch tang
trong, giam thap tieu hao thc an, tang li nhuan. ieu nay a
gay hau qua rat xau cho con ngi ma ngay nay ngi ta a
nhan ra c. Do o, e gop phan nang cao nhan thc va trach
nhiem cho cac nha chan nuoi oi vi cuoc song cua nhan loai,
ngi chan nuoi can phai hieu ro cac tac hai nh sau:
* Tac hai cua viec ton d khang sinh trong tht:
- Anh hng ngay lap tc sau khi tieu thu san pham:
32
phan ng qua man oi vi ngi nhay cam khang sinh hoac

gay d ng sau khi tieu thu tht ton d khang sinh.
- Anh hng muon hn khi tieu thu tht ton d khang sinh:
tao ra the vi sinh vat khang thuoc, gay kho khan cho cong tac
ieu tr nhiem khuan, do o ton kem ve mat hieu qua kinh te.
- Lam giam s ap ng mien dch cua c the, tao ra con
giong yeu t: khong song c khi khong co khang sinh.
- Mot so khang sinh co the gay ung th cho ngi tieu thu.
* Tac hai cua viec ton d kch thch to trong tht:
- Ton d chat diethylstibestrol co lien quan en mot so benh
ung th tren ngi. Nguy c ung th c quan sinh duc ngi
con gai cua nhng ngi me c ieu tr hormon nay trong
thi gian mang thai rat cao hoac trng hp an ong co vu to
nh phu n la do trong thc an cua tre co chat diethylstibestrol
khi chung con nho.
- Cac hp chat beta-agonist (clenbuterol, salbutamol,
mabuterol, fenoterol, ractopamin, cimaterol) khi dung tren
ong vat san xuat tht vi lieu cao hn lieu ieu tr se dan ti
s chuyen hng so lng ln cac chat dinh dng t mo m
ve c. Cac chat nay co tac dung nh hng lai s tong hp
dng chat trong te bao, lam tang s tong hp protein thay v
m, do o no co tac dung lam tang lng tht nac trong quay
tht va giam lng m cua c the. Tuy nhien, tac ong gay oc
tnh cua cac beta-agonist tren ngi sau khi tieu thu gan, tht co
cha d lng cac chat tren, cu the la clenbuterol se co nhng
bieu hien nh : chong mat, tim ap nhanh, kho th, run va au
au, than kinh b kch thch co the keo dai nhieu gi cho en
nhieu ngay.
33
PHAN V
BIEN PHAP PHONG TR BENH
37. Hoi: Nhng yeu to nao anh hng en kha nang

mac benh cua an heo?
ap:
- Cac yeu to tac ong bat li gay stress nh:
+ Thi tiet qua nong, qua lanh hay thay oi ot ngot.
+ Do van chuyen ng dai, thay oi chuong trai va moi trng
nuoi.
+ Do nhot vi mat o qua ong, nhot chung vi gia suc khac.
+ Do dinh dng kem hoac cac yeu to sinh ly khac theo chu ky,
o tuoi lam cho he thong bao ve c the b yeu i, gia suc mat
kha nang chong benh tat nen de mac benh.
- Thc an, nc uong: Thc an khong ay u hoac khong
am bao chat lng (oi, moc, nhiem khuan hoac nhiem nam
oc). Nc uong khong u, khong am bao ve sinh.
- Ky sinh trung: La loai sinh vat song ky sinh ben ngoai
(ruoi, ve, ghe) hoac ben trong c the (giun, san) hut chat dinh
dng, lam ton thng da, niem mac ruot va c quan ben trong
gay tac nghen hoac anh hng en tieu hoa, heo gay com, suy
dinh dng tao tien e cho mot so benh khac phat trien.
- Vi sinh vat co hai: Mot so mam benh luon co mat hoac
t ben ngoai vao. Khi mot vai ca the mac benh se la nguon lay
lan ra dien rong. Cac loai vi khuan, virus co hai xam nhap vao
c the gia suc bang nhieu ng: da, vet thng, niem mac,
khong kh, thc an, nc uong ket hp vi cac nhan to khac
lam gia suc de mac benh va chet.
- Sc e khang cua c the: Bnh thng heo co kha nang
t e khang khong ac hieu: tieu diet, ngan can mam benh
34
thong qua cac he thong t bao ve nh men tieu hoa, bach cau
va cac hach ben trong c the. Khi sc e khang cua con vat yeu
i, mam benh de xam nhap va phat trien thanh benh.
38. Hoi: Cong tac phong, chong dch benh cho an
heo tai c s phai thc hien the nao e am bao an
toan?
ap:
- Phai co can bo thu y chuyen trach (co bang trung cap
tr len) theo doi tnh hnh sc khoe an heo, giam sat tnh hnh
dch te va thc hien cong tac phong benh. Theo doi tnh hnh
ieu tr benh tren an heo.
- Co quy trnh tiem phong, phong benh cho an heo, lch
kiem tra cac benh ky sinh trung. am bao ty le tiem phong l
mom long mong va dch ta heo 100%; cac bien phap phong tr
hieu qua oi vi cac benh tu huyet trung va dau son thuoc danh
muc cac benh phai tiem phong bat buoc c ban hanh theo
Quyet nh 64/2005/Q-BNN ngay 13/10/2005 cua Bo Nong
nghiep va PTNT.
- Thng xuyen lay mau xet nghiem s lu hanh virus,
hieu gia khang the oi vi mot so can benh trong danh sach
benh phai kiem soat.
- Quan ly chat che tnh hnh nhap xuat thuoc thu y,
vaccin s dung. Cap nhat ay u cac noi dung trong so theo
doi tnh hnh chan nuoi, dch te, tiem phong do Chi cuc thu y
ban hanh.
- Thc hien bao cao dch te nh ky hang thang cho tram
thu y quan, huyen.
39. Hoi: Trng hp heo mac benh phai can thiep
bang cach nao?
ap:
- Heo mac benh, nghi ng benh phai c cach ly ngay,
cap so theo doi va cha tr kp thi. Thuoc dung cha benh phai
35
co trong danh muc thuoc thu y c phep lu hanh tai Viet

Nam do Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT ban hanh. Lieu lng, thi
gian ngng s dung thuoc phai theo ung hng dan cua nha
san xuat.
- Heo sau khi c ieu tr khoi benh phai c kiem
tra khong mang mam benh mi c a ve an hoac chuyen
muc ch nuoi.
- Trng hp heo benh, chet sau khi a mo kham, lay
benh pham phai tieu huy bang cach chon hoac ot. Viec tieu
huy phai theo ung hng dan cua c quan thu y, khong lam o
nhiem moi trng, nguon nc.
- nh ky tay cac loai giun, san theo quy nh.
- Ghi chep ay u moi can thiep ve thu y.
40. Hoi: Xin cho biet nhng bien phap ve sinh thu y
trong chan nuoi heo?
ap:
1. Ve sinh chuong trai va thiet b chan nuoi
* oi vi chuong trai:
- Chuong nuoi phai thng xuyen quet don sach se.
- nh ky 1tuan/lan ve sinh tieu oc chuong trai, cong ranh.
- Dung nc voi loang, TH4, BKC, Bacoma 10%, Iodine kh
trung chuong trc khi a heo vao nuoi va sau khi xuat chuong.
e trong chuong 3- 5 ngay trc khi nuoi la mi.
* oi vi cac dung cu chan nuoi:
- Mang an, mang uong, phai ra sach (co the dung
Iodine e kh trung).
- Cac dung cu chan nuoi khac nh cuoc, xeng, ung, quan
ao bao ho phai thng xuyen c kh trung bang cach ra
sach, phi trc tiep di anh nang mat tri. Khi vao chuong heo
phai co quan ao bao ho. Khi ra khoi chuong phai e quan ao lai
giat va sat trung.
36
2. Cac bien phap kh trung tieu oc:

- S dung anh nang mat tri e phi mang an, mang
uong, dung cu chan nuoi.
- Dung Iodine, Formol t 1-3%, Crezil 3- 5%, Cloramin-T
2% theo hng dan cua nha san xuat e kh trung mang an,
mang uong, sat trung chuong trai.
Chu y: Khong dung bot voi, nc voi kh trung hoac
phun phormol 1 3% khi co gia suc trong chuong v bot voi co
the xong vao mui, hong lam anh hng en niem mac ng
ho hap va nc voi co the gay bong cho heo.
3. Ve sinh thc an va nc uong:
- Can ra sach cac loai thc an tho xanh trc khi cho
heo an.
- Khong s dung thc an b oi, thiu, moc. Khong cho heo
an thc an khong ro nguon goc hoac a qua han s dung.
- Khong cho heo an cac phu pham va cac loai tht song
cua heo benh va heo mua t ch ve khong ro nguon goc.
- S dung nc uong sach, khong dung nc uc, nc
ao ho tu ong hoac nc gieng co ham lng sat cao cho heo
uong.
- X ly nc gieng co lng khoang cao, diet khuan bang
Cloramin-T
41. Hoi: Tai sao khi thay oi thi tiet , ac biet la khi
chuyen mua, heo thng hay mac benh?
ap:
Thay oi thi tiet, chuyen mua la mot loai stress co hai
cho an heo. Tac ong stress nay lam giam sc e khang cua
c the vat nuoi, do vay mot so loai vi khuan tiem an, co san
trong c the heo phat trien va gay benh. Mat khac, khi sc e
khang yeu i th mot so vi khuan, virus ben ngoai moi trng
de dang xam nhap vao c the gay benh.
37
42. Hoi: Stress la g? Li hai cua stress oi vi an

heo ra sao?
ap:
Bat c vat nuoi nao, t khi sinh ra va ln len cung b tac
ong bi cac yeu to moi trng ben trong va ngoai c the. Tat
ca nhng tac ong co nguon goc t sinh hoc, hoa hoc, ly hoc
len c the vat nuoi goi la stress.
Stress co 2 loai: stress co li va stress co hai. Stress
co li tac ong tot en qua trnh sinh trng, sinh san cua vat
nuoi nh cac loai thuoc bo, vitamin, khoang. Ngc lai, nhng
tac ong bat li cho sinh ly bnh thng cua c the goi la stress
bat li nh thay oi thi tiet, thay oi thc an ot ngot, chuyen
chuong, tiem phong, tieng ong ln, van chuyen t ni nay qua
ni khac. Khi an heo b tac ong cua nhng stress gay hai
chung rat de b nhiem benh, sc sinh trng, sinh san giam
sut. Do vay, trong chan nuoi phai han che toi a nhng hau qua
do stress co hai gay ra bang cach bo sung kp thi nhng chat
can thiet nh: vitamin, khoang chat,... vao thc an, nc uong
khi chuyen mua, chuyen chuong.
43. Hoi: Bien phap nao e phong benh cho an
heo?
ap:
Trc het, ngi chan nuoi nen chon con giong ro nguon
goc, sau o phai cham soc nuoi dng tot, ve sinh chuong trai
sach se, thoang kh e giam nguy c lay nhiem t moi trng,
tang sc e khang cho heo. Thong thng, cac yeu to nh: kh
amoniac, nhiet o, am o, o thong thoang eu anh hng en
s gia tang mc o nhay cam vi dch benh nen phai am bao
ieu kien ve sinh tot bang cach:
- Ap dung theo nguyen tac: cung vao cung ra.
- Hang ngay quet don chuong va xung quanh chuong,
khi thong cong ranh, ot rac thai.
38
- Can gi cho chuong trai luon kho rao, thong thoang, u

anh sang. Mat ve mua he va am vao mua ong.
- nh ky 1 tuan/lan phun thuoc tieu oc sat trung chuong
nuoi, mang an, uong va cac dung cu chan nuoi khac nh: cuoc,
xeng, ung, quan ao bao ho. Sau moi t nuoi phai ve sinh tieu
oc chuong trai va e trong chuong khoang 3 5 ngay trc khi
nuoi la mi.
- Phan rac va chat thai trong chuong can c thu gom
thng xuyen e chuong trai luon sach se. Can co ham x ly
chat thai e tranh gay o nhiem moi trng lam anh hng en
sc khoe vat nuoi va cong ong.
Ngoai ra, chuong nuoi va khu vc xung quanh chuong
thng co vai con trung nh: ruoi, muoi,co kha nang lam lay
truyen benh. Do o, e han che ngi chan nuoi co the s dung
ICONE hoa nc e phun xt.
- Tay giun san trc khi a vao nuoi tht (luc 18 20kg).
- Bo sung Mixodil (vitamin, axit amin, khoang), Almaril
plus (ien giai) vao nc uong e phong benh va nang cao sc
e khang nhat la khi thi tiet thay oi, lieu trnh s dung thuoc
7 ngay.
- Thc hien tiem vaccin phong benh theo quy nh:
Dch ta lan 1: luc 4 tuan tuoi, lieu dung 2cc/con.
Gia dai: 6-7 tuan tuoi, lieu dung 2cc/con.
Dch ta lan 2: 8 tuan tuoi, lieu dung 2cc/con.
L mom long mong: 6-7 tuan tuoi, lieu dung 2cc/con.
44. Hoi: Lam sao nhan biet c heo mac benh?
ap:
Khi mot vai con heo trong an chet ot ngot, th ta nen
chu y en toan an, co the ang co mam benh vi mat o kha
cao trong trai. e phong nga trng hp heo nhiem benh qua
cap gay chet ot ngot, chung ta can chu y en nhng bieu hien
39
sau e co the can thiep kp thi:

- Heo kem an hoac bo an, u ru, li van ong hay nam mot
cho, mat l , long xu.
- Sot cao, uong nhieu nc. Niem mac nht nhat
- Ho, th kho hoac tieu chay.
- Neu mac benh truyen nhiem co the thay xuat huyet ngoai
da hoac tm tai cac vung da nh: au, tai, chan.
45. Hoi: Trng hp heo mac benh truyen nhiem
phai x ly ra sao?
ap:
- Heo benh phai c nuoi cach ly mot khu vc rieng e
tien cho viec theo doi va ieu tr.
- Bao ngay cho c quan thu y gan nhat khi phat hien co heo
mac benh khac thng
- Khong em thc an tha cua heo benh cho heo khac hoac
gia suc khac an.
- a ngay xac heo chet ra khoi khu vc chan nuoi va x ly
ung quy trnh tuy theo tng loai benh. heo om chet phai chon,
o thuoc sat trung hoac tieu huy. Khong mo heo om tai khu
vc gan khu vc chan nuoi va khong cho heo khac an cac phu
pham va cac loai tht song cua heo benh;
- Khong ban chay gia suc om e tranh lam phat tan dch
benh.
- Khong vt xac thu benh xuong song, rach.
- Han che i lai hoac van chuyen cac vat dung, dung cu
cha c tay ue sat trung t cac chuong trai, khu vc co heo
om en khu vc heo khoe.
- Tang cng cac bien phap ve sinh va sat trung chuong trai
va moi trng chan nuoi. e trong chuong 2 tuan mi nuoi heo
tr lai.
40
46. Hoi: Thuoc sat trung phun trc tiep len heo c
khong?
ap:
Trong nhng trai chan nuoi lau nam th mam benh co rai
rac khap ni trong khu vc chan nuoi, mam benh se gay benh
cho vat nuoi khi chung co ieu kien phat trien u manh, ket hp
vi quy trnh phong benh va nuoi dng khong tot.
Do vay, phun thuoc sat trung e lam giam mat o cac mam
benh trong moi trng chan nuoi. Cac loai thuoc sat trung ch
co the diet mam benh khi thuoc tiep xuc vi mam benh, nen
nhng ni co nhieu phan, rac d ban, bui ram quanh trai se can
tr tac dung cua thuoc sat trung. Do o, can phai don phan va
chat thai trong chuong trc khi tien hanh sat trung va khong
ch sat trung trong khu vc chan nuoi ma phai sat trung ca
nhng khu vc co lien quan nh loi i, kho cha thc an, ni x
ly xac heo benh chet, ni cha phan...
Ta co the s dung 2 nhom thuoc sat trung nh sau:
Nhom thuoc phun trc tiep vao an heo nh : Virkon, Iodine,
TH4 co pho diet khuan rong, o an toan cao, co the phun
thuoc trc tiep vao an heo, vao kho thc an va dung cu chan
nuoi... Nhom thuoc phun gian tiep, sat trung loi i ni x ly xac
heo chet, ni cha phan, rac nh thuoc Longlife, Farm Fluids,
Formol. Thuoc co mui hi nong, t oc oi vi heo, s dung
trc khi nhap heo vao chuong va sau khi xuat ban hoac xung
quanh chuong trai...
47. Hoi: Khi sat trung chuong trai can lu y van e
g?
ap:
Sat trung chuong trai la mot trong nhng khau ky thuat
khong the thieu trong qua trnh chan nuoi, nham gop phan
phong nga dch benh cho an heo, ke ca nhng benh do virus.
Khi chon thuoc sat trung can chu y: Ch chon nhng loai thuoc
co tnh an toan cao, khong oc hai en con ngi, khong anh
41
hng en sc khoe an heo va khong tac hai en moi trng

xung quanh; chon nhng thuoc co pho diet khuan rong.
Quy trnh sat trung chuong trai chan nuoi heo nh sau: Sat
trung trc khi nhap heo vao trai (1 ngay hoac vai gi); sau khi
an heo xuat chuong: Tien hanh ve sinh, don dep tat ca chat
thai cua trai, sau o phun thuoc sat trung (ke ca trai tiep tuc
nuoi an mi hay e trong trong thi gian dai); sat trung nh
ky: Khoang 3 - 5 ngay phun thuoc sat trung trc tiep vao an
heo 1 lan trong suot thi gian nuoi; sat trung trc va sau khi
chung nga 1 ngay; sat trung khi co dch benh xay ra trong trai
hoac nhng trai lan can.
Thuoc sat trung c s dung rong rai hien nay la Virkon,
Iodine, TH4, Bacoma. Thuoc rat an toan, co the s dung e kh
trung nc uong cho heo.
48. Hoi: Heo mac benh Dch ta co nhng trieu chng
g?
ap:
Benh do Pestivirus gay ra, lay lan manh. Benh phat ra
tren heo moi la tuoi, nang nhat tren heo con theo me va heo
mi cai sa. Vi bieu hien xuat huyet va hoai t nhieu c quan
ac biet la ng tieu hoa. Ty le mac benh 40 - 100%, ty le
t vong co the en 100%. Benh dch ta thng ghep vi benh
thng han va tu huyet trung.
* Trieu chng: thong thng thi gian nung benh 3 - 7
ngay, benh xuat hien 3 the:
- The qua cap tnh: benh phat ra rat nhanh, heo chet ot
ngot va khong co trieu chng ac trng. Heo bo an, sot cao
40 - 420C. Vung da mat trong ui, di bung ng o len roi tm
lai. Heo th nhanh, manh, benh tien trien trong vong 1 - 2 ngay.
Ty le t vong co the en 100%.
- The cap tnh: heo benh u ru, kem an hoac bo an hay tu
lai goc chuong. Than nhiet 41 - 420C keo dai trong 4 - 5 ngay.
42
Vung da mat trong ui, vanh tai, bon chan co xuat huyet iem.
Viem ket mac mat lam cho mat o nhieu ghen, dnh m mat lai
vi nhau. Virus tac ong gay roi loan tieu hoa, luc au phan bon
sau tieu chay phan vang, vang nau oi khi lan mau. Niem mac
mieng nhat la mat trong moi, chan rang, goc li co mun loet
phu ba vang trang, vang xam. Vao giai oan cuoi cua benh
thu co nhng xao tron than kinh, i ng khong vng, co giat.
Bai liet nhat la 2 chan sau, suy nhc va chet sau 9 - 19 ngay
benh. Benh tien trien o 1- 2 tuan, heo con thng chet nhanh
hn heo trng thanh, ty le t vong 80 - 95%.
- The man tnh: heo gay yeu, luc bon, luc tieu chay. Ho, th
kho, tren da co nhng vet o va hoai t lo tai. Benh tien trien
1 - 2 thang, thu chet do kiet sc hoac co the khoi benh nhng
gay com, tang trng cham va tr thanh vat mang trung.
49. Hoi: Lam g khi heo mac benh Dch ta? Cach
phong benh ra sao?
ap:
ay la benh truyen nhiem nguy hiem thuoc danh muc
A, bat buoc phai cong bo dch va theo Phap lenh Thu y th
khong cha tr ma phai tieu huy e giam ty le lu hanh va lay
lan dch benh.
* Bien phap phong benh:
- Nhot rieng heo mi mua ve 15 - 30 ngay neu khong co bieu
hien benh mi cho nhap an.
- Chuong trai thoang mat vao mua he, am va tranh gio luc
mua ong.
- Thng xuyen ve sinh tieu oc chuong trai va dung cu chan
nuoi.
- Cach ly heo benh hoac nghi benh e theo doi, ieu tr.
- Tiem phong: tiem vao luc 3 tuan trc khi heo nai e, heo
con tiem lieu au tien luc 21 - 35 ngay tuoi, lan 2 luc 43 ngay
tuoi.
43
50. Hoi: Heo mac benh Gia dai co nhng trieu chng
g?
ap:
ay benh truyen nhiem do Herpesvirus gay ra, vi nhng
trieu chng than kinh, ho hap va sinh san ac trng. Benh gay
xao tron than kinh, i loang choang, run ray, co giat, 4 chan ap
theo kieu i xe ap. Tren heo sau cai sa va heo tht th t gay
chet nhng lam cho heo cham phat trien va viem phoi.
* Trieu chng:
- Xao tron than kinh: run c, i xieu veo, au chuc xuong
at. Nhieu con co trieu chng ong kinh co giat, sui bot mep,
trn mat, nghien rang, ap 4 chan (bi cheo), kho th, sot cao
40 - 420C, chay nc mat, bo an.
- Xao tron tieu hoa: an uong giam, oi ma, tieu chay.
- Xao tron ho hap: ho, giam tang trong.
51. Hoi: Khi heo b benh Gia dai, ta phai x ly nh
the nao? Cho biet cach phong benh?
ap:
ay la benh do virus gay ra khong co bien phap ieu tr
ac hieu, co the ieu tr bang khang huyet thanh nhng khong
khuyen cao v khong hieu qua kinh te.
- nh ky sat trung, ve sinh chuong trai, dung cu bang cac
chat: Cresol 2%, Iodine, TH4, Bacoma, NaOH 2%
- Khong xuat nhap heo nhng vung nghi co benh gia dai.
- Cach ly heo benh.
- Chung nga vaccin 2 lan vao luc 6 - 7 tuan tuoi va 10 - 12
tuan tuoi.
52. Hoi: Heo mac benh L mom long mong co nhng
trieu chng g?
ap:
44
ay la benh truyen nhiem cap tnh do Aphthovirus gay

ra, co tnh lay lan rat manh va gay thiet hai ln ve kinh te. Virus
gay thuy hoa te bao thng b hnh thanh viem bong nc
nhng vung da mong nh vu, xung quanh mong chan, mieng,
li dan en l mom long mong. Ty le t vong thng khong
cao va ch gay chet tren heo con nhng ty le mac benh cao co
the 100%.
* Trieu chng:
- Sot: 40 - 410C, heo u ru, kem an. Thng ch sot trong
thi ky u benh.
- Mieng: moc mun nc moi, mui, vom hong, li. Sau 1
- 2 ngay mun nc v ra tao thanh cac not loet o, con vat chay
nhieu nc bot, an t hoac bo an thng hay chep mieng.
- Chan: mun nc thng moc ke chan, vanh mong
lam thu au i khap khieng, mun nc sau 2 - 3 ngay xuat hien
se v ra gay nhiem trung, st mong.
Ngoai ra, mun nc co the thay vung da mong nh:
nach, ngc, bung, pha trong ui.
53. Hoi: Khi heo b L mom long mong ta phai x ly
nh the nao? Cach phong benh ra sao?
ap:
Benh L mom long mong khong co thuoc ac tr. Khi
phat hien heo benh can x ly huy khong ieu tr v thiet hai ve
kinh te va anh hng en nhng la nuoi sau.
* Bien phap phong benh: ay la benh bat buoc phai
cong bo dch
- oi vi vung cha b dch:
+ Thng xuyen kiem tra thu song cung nh san pham
cua no.
+ Cach ly heo mi nhap an.
45
+ Khong nhap heo t vung b nhiem.

oi vi vung co dch:
+ Lap tc tiem phong bao vay o dch.
+ Cach ly nghiem ngat thu benh. Co the huy tat ca thu
benh, thu nhiem.
+ Sat trung dung cu chan nuoi, chuong trai bang cac
loai thuoc sat trung nh: formol 3 - 5%, NaOH 5 - 10%, B.K.A;
Iodine; Virkon S,
+ Khong c tiep xuc qua lai hay dung chung dung cu
thu y trong khi ieu tr, tiem phong.
+ Ch cong bo het dch sau 15 ngay ke t khi con cuoi cung
khoi benh. Thu khoi benh sau 45 ngay mi c nhap an.
Chung nga vaccin khi heo c 6-7 tuan tuoi.
54. Hoi: Hay cho biet Hoi chng roi loan sinh san, ho
hap heo (PRRS) co nhng bieu hien ra sao?
ap:
Benh PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory
Syndrome) con c goi la benh Tai xanh.v heo mac benh
thng b xuat huyet tai, luc au o sam, sau tm xanh. ay
la mot benh truyen nhiem nguy hiem oi vi heo do Arterivirus
gay ra. Vi ac iem: tren heo con toc o lay lan nhanh, ty le
benh va t vong cao. Tren heo nai nhiem trc khi sinh co the
e non, heo con s sinh chet hoac thai kho, mot so heo con
sinh ra om yeu. Benh lam cho heo mang trung dai dang, co
bieu hien tham lang nen rat kho thay c dien tien cua benh.
Benh xay ra moi la tuoi vi trieu chng bo an, sot cao thi
ky au. Ty le chet tren heo la va heo xuat chuong cao.
- Tren heo nai: thi gian u benh 5 ngay, heo bieng an keo dai
7 - 14 ngay. Th kho, sot cao 40 420C, thng gay say thai
vao giai oan cuoi cua ky mang thai mc 6%, e non vt
qua 8% va chet thai vt qua 20%. Heo cham len giong tr lai,
46
giam so con trong la, xuat hien sac to khong ben mau xanh
tai. Do o, benh nay con c goi la benh tai xanh.
- Bieng an, nhiet o c the tang cao, kem linh hoat, giam tnh
hang, tinh dch loang, mat o tinh trung giam, tang ty le tinh
trung ky hnh va cung co bieu hien lo tai xanh giong heo nai.
- Heo chet ngay luc sinh ra, neu heo s sinh con song th
om yeu, chan bet, th kho, tieu chay, run ray, sc song yeu de
chet. Sot cao 40 420C, mat co d mau nau, phan da mong
nh da bung, gan mang tai thng co mau hong, oi khi da co
vet phong rop. Ty le chet tang cao heo s sinh va heo con
trc khi cai sa
: viem ket mac mat lam mat heo b o, xuat huyet ruot lam heo
i phan long co lan mau, th kho, xuat huyet da va co the b
ton thng da lam cho da sng len va heo co the chet, ty le
chet 5 - 10%.
- Heo tht: sot cao, bieng an, u ru, ho, kho th, nhng
phan da mong ban au hong nhat dan dan chuyen sang hong
tham va xanh nhat.
55. Hoi: Co cach g e phong benh PRRS hieu qua
khong?
ap:
- Thng xuyen theo doi sc khoe an heo e sm phat
hien nhng con co dau hieu lam sang cua benh, cach ly va gi
mau benh pham i xet nghiem.
- Tiem vaccin phong benh (hien nay nc ta a nhap
vaccin nhc oc va vaccin chet che tao t chung co nguon
goc chau Au (virus Lelystad) va chung co nguon goc Chau My
(virus VR 2332).
- e loai tr cac benh ke phat do vi khuan, tat ca an heo
phai c tiem vaccin phong 4 benh o (dch ta, tu huyet trung,
ong dau son, pho thng han).
- Mua heo t c s an toan dch benh. Nuoi cach ly t
47
nhat 3 4 tuan, neu khong co dau hieu lam sang cua benh
cung nh cac benh truyen nhiem khac mi cho nhap an.
- Cham soc nuoi dng tot e tang sc e khang cho c the.
- nh ky 2 tuan/lan ve sinh tieu oc chuong trai bang cac
loai: Iodox, TH4, Virkon..
- Ap dung nguyen tac cung vao, cung ra e ngan chan s
lay lan cua benh.
56. Hoi: Heo mac benh Tu huyet trung co
nhng trieu chng g?
ap:
Benh do vi khuan Pasteurella multocida gay dch le te hoac
dch a phng, tac ong chu yeu en ng ho hap, thng
ghep vi benh dch ta heo, viem phoi a phng truyen nhiem.
Benh xay ra tren moi la tuoi heo, vi nhieu the benh khac
nhau.
* Trieu chng: thi gian nung benh t 1- 2 ngay, co khi vai
gi. Benh thng xay ra 3 the:
- The qua cap tnh: heo benh u ru, kem an hoac bo an, sot 40
0
C - 42 0C . Th kho, th kho khe co the thuy thung vung hau.
Vung bung thu chet hoac sap chet co mau tm bam. Benh tien
trien t 12 gi en 1 - 2 ngay, con vat chet v ngat th.
- The cap tnh: heo co the chet sau vai ngay, sot 40.5 0C - 41
0
C, chay nhieu nc mui luc au loang sau ac dan, co the co
lan mu hoac mau. Vung hau sng oi khi lan rong xuong co va
cam, thu th kho, th nhanh, kho khe, ho khan tng tieng. Tren
da co nhng cham o hoac am tm bam vung bung, ngc,
ben, pha trong ui. Luc au heo i phan bon ve sau tieu chay
co the lan mau trong phan. Heo gay yeu dan, an t hoac bo an
roi chet trong vong 3 - 4 ngay. Ty le t vong co the en 80%,
neu khong chet th benh chuyen sang the man tnh.
- The man tnh: benh tien trien 3 - 6 tuan. Heo th kho, ho
48
nhieu, luc bon luc tieu chay. Khp sng i ng khong vng, da
bong vay. Thu gay yeu dan roi chet do suy nhc.
57. Hoi: Benh Tu huyet trung co ieu tr c khong?
Bien phap phong benh nh the nao?
ap:
ay la benh do vi khuan gay ra nen co the ieu tr c.
Cach thc hien nh sau:
- Tiem bap 3 - 5 ngay lien tiep, mot trong cac loai thuoc
sau:
Pendistrep LA
: 1cc/20kg the trong/72 gi
Trimasul 240 LA : 1cc/20kg the trong/72 gi
Amoxyject 15% LA : 1cc/20kg the trong/72 gi
- Tr sc: vitamin C, B-complex hepatilis, Oligovit
- Chong co that, tiet dch nhieu : atropin
- Ha sot, giam au: analgin, arthricidine
* Cac bien phap phong benh:
- Chuong trai kho rao, thong thoang.
- Cham soc nuoi dng tot e tang sc e khang cho thu.
- Gi am cho heo con trong mua lanh.
- Nhot rieng heo mi mua ve trong 2 tuan, heo benh phai
nuoi cach ly e theo doi ieu tr.
- Thng xuyen tieu oc chuong trai va dung cu chan nuoi.
- Bo sung vitamin e tang cng sc e khang: vitamin C,
B.complex
- Chung nga vaccin khi heo c 54 - 56 ngay tuoi.
58. Hoi: Lam sao e biet c heo mac benh ong
dau son?
ap:
ay la benh truyen nhiem do vi khuan Erysipelothrix insidiosa
49
gay nen. Vi ac iem bai huyet, tao nhng am tu huyet hnh

dau tron, vuong, ch nhat tren da. Gay xuat huyet phu tang, lach
sng to, viem khp va sui van tim. Ngi cung co the mac benh.
* Trieu chng: benh thng xay ra 3 the:
- The qua cap tnh: benh xay ra ot ngot, oi khi heo co trieu
chng than kinh (ien cuong). Sot cao 410C - 420C. Heo benh
chet nhanh chong trong vong 2 - 24h nen cac dau o ngoai
da cha kp xuat hien. Khi mo kham benh tch thay than sng
tu mau tng am.
- The cap tnh: heo sot cao, than nhiet 41 - 42 0C trong 2 - 3
ngay. Luc sot co trieu chng tao bon sau o tieu chay. Xuat
hien nhng not o vung da mong: tai, bung, chan. Not o
hnh vuong, bau duc, thoi, a giac. Khi an ngon tay th not o
mat i, nhat mau, lay ngon tay ra th dau o dan dan tr lai o
nh cu. Chng to khong phai xuat huyet ma do viem tu mau.
Benh keo dai 3 - 5 ngay sau heo chet. Neu benh keo dai hn 1
tuan th chuyen sang the man tnh.
- The man tnh: heo an uong kem, gay com. Than nhiet bnh
thng hoac sot nhe. Viem noi tam mac kinh nien lam be tac
hoac tr ngai tuan hoan, tim ap nhanh, manh.
- Trieu chng viem khp xng: thng khp xng ban
chan, au goi, heo i lai kho khan.
- Trieu chng hoai t thay ngoai da: da sng o lan rong ra
thanh mang. Mang da kho dan, en hay nau, bong ra nh t
giay ba cuon lai. Dan dan da non moc len thanh seo. Heo tieu
chay keo dai. Benh keo dai en 3 - 4 thang. Thu co the khoi
benh hoac chet do gay mon, kiet sc.
* Ghi chu: Benh co the lay sang ngi do nhiem trung
vet thng ngoai da, do an tht heo benh, b ca p khi anh
ca, b tom cua kep. Khoang 3 - 4 ngay sau khi nhiem trung.
Ngi benh sot, cho tay b thng sng nga. Cho sng nga
lan rong ca ban tay, co khi b nga tng cn, gai sng com len.
50
Co trng hp b au bung, tieu chay. Benh tien trien t 5 - 15

ngay. Benh nhan khoi benh, oi khi t vong do viem noi tam
mac.
59. Hoi: e phong tr benh ong dau son cho heo ta
phai lam g?
ap:
- Nuoi dng tot e nang cao sc e khang cho heo, tranh
nhng thay oi ot ngot.
- nh ky tiem phong vaccin cho toan an.
- Ni co dch phai ot xac heo chet, chon sau di 2 lp voi.
Tieu oc chuong nuoi bang NaOH 5%.
- Tiem phong: Heo 3 thang tuoi: 2 - 5cc tuy vaccin, tiem
di da. Tai chung sau 6 thang.
* ieu tr
- Khang sinh: s dung mot trong cac loai sau:
+ Pendistrep: 1cc/10kg the trong, tiem bap ngay 2 lan
lien tuc 3 - 5 ngay.
+ Biamycin LA (oxytetraxyline): 1cc/20kg the trong/72h
- Ha sot: analgin, arthricidine
- Tang sc e khang: vitamin C, B.complex, multivitamin
60. Hoi: Heo mac benh Thng han co nhng trieu
chng g?
ap:
Benh do vi khuan Salmonella cholerae suis gay ra the cap tnh
va Salmonella typhi suis gay the man tnh. Vi khuan tac ong
gay bai huyet (thng gap tren heo con khoang 2 thang tuoi),
viem da day ruot, tao mun loet ruot gia. Gay viem phoi tren
heo cai sa 10 - 16 tuan tuoi va gay xao tron sinh san tren heo
nai. Ngi co the nhiem vi khuan salmonella va b ngo oc do
an tht heo va san pham tht heo song hoac cha chn.
51
* Trieu chng:
- The qua cap tnh (the bai huyet): thng gap tren heo con
khoang 2 thang tuoi vi bieu hien: sot cao 40.50C - 41.50C, heo
u ru nam mot cho, co the co bieu hien than kinh. Da mau o
bam mom, lo tai, chan, lng. Heo benh chet trong vong 24 48 gi, ty le chet co the 100%.
- The cap tnh: thi gian nung benh t 3 - 4 ngay. Heo sot
cao 410C - 420C, kem an hoac khong an. Da noi gai oc nh da
ga, ng run. Luc au phan bon, sau tieu chay phan long mau
vang co the lan mau, mang nhay. Cuoi thi ky benh, da tu mau
thanh tng not, o ng roi chuyen thanh mau o bam tai,
bung, mat trong ui va ngc. Ty le chet t 25 - 95%, nhng heo
khoi benh co the hoai t tai, uoi va cham tang trng.
- The man tnh: benh phat ra luc au khong ro trieu
chng, thu gay yeu dan, kem an, sot khong cao. Tieu chay keo
dai, phan long, vang rat thoi. Xuat hien nhng am o tren da.
Benh tien trien vai tuan, ty le chet 25 - 75%. Mot so co the khoi
benh nhng cham ln, tieu hoa thc an kem, coi coc. Heo nai
mac benh co the b say thai, thng say thai khoang 1 thang
trc khi e hoac sinh ra heo con chet.
* Ghi chu: Benh thng lay cho ngi do an thc an nhiem
mam benh hoac do tiep xuc vi phan thu benh, dung cu chan
nuoi nhiem. ngi thng gap trng hp ngo oc thc pham
gay viem ruot non va ruot gia. Do o, phai thng xuyen ve
sinh tieu oc chuong trai.
61. Hoi: Cach g e phong tr benh Thng han hieu
qua?
ap:
- Mua heo vung an toan dch benh, nuoi cach ly khoang 2 3 tuan neu khong co trieu chng benh mi nhap an.
- Heo benh phai nuoi cach ly e ieu tr.
52
- Chuong trai thong thoang, kho rao.

- Thng xuyen tieu oc chuong trai, mang an, uong.
* ieu tr:
- Khang sinh: s dung mot trong cac loai thuoc sau:
+ Tiem bap Enrofloxacin 10% lieu 1cc/20kg hoac Trimasul
240 LA: 1cc/20kg the trong/72 gi.
+ Acticoli-B (colistin sulfate); inoxyl soluble powder (sodium
oxolinate); salmocoli (colistin+sulfamehtoxypyridazine) pha
nc uong trong 3 5 ngay.
- Chong co that, tiet dch nhieu: atropin, primperan
- Thuoc bo tr: vitamin C, B-complex hepatilis, Mutivitamin
62. Hoi: Heo mac benh Suyen co nhng trieu chng
g?
ap:
ay la benh truyen nhiem do Mycoplasma hyopneumonia gay
ra. Benh mang tch chat a phng, thng xay ra the man
tnh, gay viem phe quan, phoi, thu ho kho th. Ty le heo mac
benh cao, ty le t vong thap, khoang 16% neu khong ghep vi
cac benh truyen nhiem khac. Benh khong lay cho ngi.
* Trieu chng: Thi gian nung benh t 1- 3 tuan.
- The cap tnh: heo bat au benh thng hat hi, kht mui,
chay nhieu nc mui. Vai ngay sau thu ho, nhat la luc van ong
manh hoac sang sm khi an. Heo ho tng tieng en chuoi dai,
thng 2 - 20 tieng/lan. Ho keo dai 3 tuan roi het sau o ho lai.
Heo th kho, th nhanh, th the bung, ngoi th nh cho ngoi.
Than nhiet 400C co khi keo dai nhieu ngay.
- The man tnh: than nhiet bnh thng, heo ho dai dang. Heo
mac benh van an nhng cham ln, gay com, niem mac nht
nhat, long xu, thng th kho khe vao ban em.
63. Hoi: Cho biet cach phong tr benh Suyen heo?
ap:
53

- Nang cao sc e khang cho c the gia suc bang ve
sinh cham soc nuoi dng. am bao u dinh dng, can oi
khau phan thc an.
- Tranh tiep xuc trc tiep hoac gian tiep gia cac an
heo trong khu vc.
- Chuong trai thoang mat, sach se, am ap.
- Heo mi mua ve phai nuoi cach ly 2 thang neu khong
co bieu hien trieu chng benh mi c nhap an.
- Cach ly heo benh e ieu tr, khong nhot chung vi
nhng heo benh khac. Heo nai va heo c giong neu mac benh
nen loai thai. Heo con cua nhng nai mac benh ch nen nuoi tht
khong e lam giong.
- nh ky sat trung chuong trai.
- Viec tiem phong ch lam giam benh tch viem phoi
nhng khong ngan c s nhiem benh.
* ieu tr:
- Khang sinh: s dung mot trong cac loai sau:
+ Tiamuline, tylosine, lincospet, enrofloxacine: 1ml/ 10kg
trong lng/ngay, lien tuc trong 5 - 7 ngay.
+ Inoxyl soluble powder (sodium oxolinate) pha nc uong
trong 3 5 ngay.
- Ha sot, giam au: arthricidine
- Tr ho hap: eucalyptyl, bromhexine
- Thuoc bo, tr lc: vitamin C, B.complex, B1, B12
64. Hoi: Hay cho biet cac nguyen nhan gay ra tieu
chay tren heo, trieu chng lam sang va cach ieu
tr?
ap:
Co nhieu nguyen nhan gay ra benh tieu chay, xin tom tat nh
54
sau:
- Tieu chay do virus: virus gay nen benh tieu chay lay truyen
trc tiep t heo benh sang heo khoe hoac truyen gian tiep qua
nc tieu, nc mat, nc mui, dung cu chan nuoi, gay ra benh
viem ruot do Rota virus; gay viem da day, ruot, tieu chay truyen
nhiem do Corona virus; gay benh dch ta do Pesti virus.
- Tieu chay do vi khuan: vi khuan gay benh tieu chay xam
nhap vao c the qua niem mac mui, mieng, ng tieu hoa
bao gom cac loai: Clostridium gay benh thoi ruot hoai th;
Salmonella gay benh pho thng han; E.coli gay benh tieu
chay; Erysipelothrix insidiosa gay benh ong dau son; cac loai
vi khuan Pasteurella multocida gay benh tu huyet trung; ngoai
ra con co cac cau khuan, trc khuan gay benh kiet l.
- Tieu chay do ky sinh trung: ky sinh trung gay benh tieu
chay ton tai trong phan, nc tieu, lay nhiem qua ng thc
an nc uong, cac loai san giun gay benh tieu chay nh san la
ruot, giun ua, giun toc, giun ln.
- Tieu chay do thc an: cac loai thc an kem chat lng,
nhiem ban, nhiem vi khuan E.coli, salmonella, thc an e lau
len men b moc, oi thiu. Thc an giau am, heo an qua nhieu
cung gay ra tieu chay.
- Do cac nguyen nhan khac: stress, thay oi thi tiet nong
qua, lanh qua, am o cao heo cung de b tieu chay.
65. Hoi: Heo b tieu chay co nhng bieu hien g?
Cach ieu tr ra sao?
ap:
Heo thng co bieu hien sot nhe, bieng an en bo an, suy
nhc do mat nhieu nc, phan luc au tao bon sau tieu chay.
Neu thay phan sen set la do ky sinh trung gay ra. Phan long
hay tieu chay vot can cau la giai oan cuoi cua benh dch ta
(kho cu c). Phan loang, thoi kham do benh pho thng han
heo. Phan loang mau trang, vang nhat la benh tieu chay phan
55
trang. Heo b tieu chay t 5 7 ngay giam nhanh trong lng,

coi coc, long xu, i loang choang xieu veo dan en t vong.
* ieu tr: loai bo ngay cac nguyen nhan gay benh nh: tieu
chay do thc an phai loai bo ngay thc an ang dung; tieu chay
do ky sinh trung dung thuoc diet ky sinh trung; tieu chay do vi
khuan s dung cac khang sinh tetracyline, septotryl, biodine,
chlortetracyline 1ml/10kg the trong phoi hp vi thuoc chong
co that atropin.
- Cap nc (glucose 5%), chat ien giai va vitamin (Mixodil va
Almaril plus 1ml/1lt nc) e tang cng sc e khang.
- Giam lng thc an cho heo benh, nhng heo con lai trong
an cung giam lng an hang ngay.
- Bo sung them men vi sinh co li nh : Avibac-WS Mycrozyme,
Probac-en.
66. Hoi: Hay cho biet cac nguyen nhan gay ra Hoi
chng coi tren heo sau cai sa (PMWS)? Benh co
bieu hien ra sao?
ap:
Benh PMWS (Post-weaning Multi-systemic Wasting
Syndrome) do mot loai virus co ten la circovirus gay ra, benh
thng thay heo con t 8-10 tuan tuoi. Vi ac iem: coi coc,
cham tang trong, roi loan ho hap, tieu chay va vang da. Ty le
heo mac benh trong an 5 - 50%, ty le chet 5 - 80%.
* Trieu chng: benh thng xay ra tren heo 1 - 2 tuan sau cai
sa. Heo benh coi coc, viem phoi man tnh (th gap, th kho).
Heo ang phat trien bnh thng tr nen gay om, xanh xao
nhanh chong va xuat hien nhng con gay yeu nhat an (khac
vi nhng heo coi do thieu dinh dng). Mot so co bieu hien ho
nhe, sot, bieng an, th kho, hoang an, roi loan than kinh, tieu
chay nhe. ac biet heo mac benh thng chet ot ngot.
67. Hoi: Xin cho biet cu the cach phong tr Hoi chng
Coi tren heo sau cai sa?
56
ap:
- Han che tiep xuc gia cac oi tng heo se giam ty le lu
hanh cua benh.
- Khong ghep heo con gia cac nai sau khi sinh 24 gi, han
che toi a viec ghep an.
- Cham soc nuoi dng tot, nhat la heo s sinh phai c bu
sa au cang sm cang tot.
- nh ky sat trung chuong trai, dung cu chan nuoi.
- Heo benh nuoi cach ly e theo doi ieu tr.
- Tiem vaccin phong benh.
* ieu tr: benh PMWS xay ra khi b kch thch bi yeu to m
au nao o. Viec ieu tr chu yeu tap trung vao nhng benh phu
nhiem do vi khuan co the lam giam ty le heo t vong.
68. Hoi: Heo b giun ua trieu chng ra sao? Cach g
e phong benh?
ap:
ay la benh ky sinh trung ng ruot do Ascaris suum gay ra,
lam thiet hai kinh te do chung lam giam toc o sinh trng,
heo con coi coc cham ln. Benh thng gay viem phoi va ton
thng gan.
* Trieu chng: Heo con coi coc, cham ln. oi khi co ho va non
ra giun trng thanh. Trong trng hp nhiem benh nang, thu
co bieu hien viem phoi, th kho.
* Phong benh:
- Ve sinh chuong trai sach se, kho rao se ngan nga s tch
luy trng giun lam giam nguy c lay nhiem.
- nh ky tay giun cho heo, oi vi heo nai trc khi e vai
ngay va heo con khoang 1 - 2 thang tuoi bang mot trong cac
loai thuoc tay giun thch hp nh sau:
Piperazine: 0.3g/kg the trong vi heo 50kg hoac 15g/con
57
chia 2 lan trong ngay vi heo >50kg, cho uong.

Levamisole 7,5%: 6 - 8mg/kg the trong vi heo 30kg va 5 6mg/kg the trong vi heo > 30kg, chch bap.
Iverject(Ivermectin): 0.1 - 0.3mg/kg the trong, chch di da.
Tetramisole: 20mg/kg the trong, cho an hoac uong 1 lan.
Vermisole (Oxybendazole): s dung c cho nai mang thai.
69. Hoi: Lam sao biet heo b nhiem giun phoi? Cach
phong benh the nao?
ap:
ay la benh do Metastrongylus spp gay ra. Giun ky sinh trong
phe quan gay cho con vat ho man tnh, cham ln. Phoi b ton
thng nang, viem phoi, phe quan va gay kh thung. Ty le nhiem
cao heo t 5 - 7 thang tuoi, ty le t vong chiem 30%.
* Trieu chng: ho nhieu nhat la vao ban em va sang sm. oi
khi ho ra giun, chay nc mui, th kho, sot, kem an va cham
phat trien. Trng hp b nhiem nang heo b viem phe quan,
viem phoi. Heo co the phuc hoi, t ho sau 30 ngay do chu ky,
vong i cua ky sinh trung a qua nhng thc chat heo van
ang nhiem benh.
* Phong benh:
- Chon ni xay dng chuong cao rao, thoang mat. Thng
xuyen ve sinh chuong trai sach se.
- Heo mac benh phai nhot rieng e theo doi va ieu tr.
- Tay giun cho heo nhng ni co ty le heo nhiem cao, nh
ky 1 - 2 thang xo 1lan. Heo nai trc khi e 4 ngay. Tren heo
noc: 6 thang/ lan.
- Tron thuoc vao thc an vi lieu lng sau:
Vermisole (Oxybendazole): 100g/300kg trong lng
Iverject 1%: 1ml/33kg the trong.
58
70. Hoi: Heo benh Ghe co bieu hien g? Cach phong

tr the nao cho hieu qua?
ap:
Tac nhan gay benh la cai ghe Sarcoptes suis hoac ran
Haematopimus suis ky sinh da nhat la cac vung xung quanh
mui, vanh mat, tai, hai ben vai va cac ni da non, uc khoet lp
bieu b da gay rung long, l loet, nga ngay. Heo mac benh
moi la tuoi, benh co the gay chet heo con.
* Trieu chng:
- S ton thng thng thay phan au (tai, au, quanh mat),
uoi, chan. Sau o lan rong ra khap c the.
- Tren da xuat hien cac mun ghe mau o, troc da tao vay mau
nau hay xam. Heo nga ngay luon co gay vao chuong, da day,
xu x, kho va phu mot lp vay mau xam sau o tao nhng lo
hong ln an sau xuong da co khi ket hp vi nam
- Con vat kem an, gay dan, long rung. Neu co s xam nhap cua
vi khuan vao vung mun ghe th se b nhiem trung, nong o va
gay viem da, co the co mu.
* Phong tr:
- Cach ly heo benh, ve sinh chuong trai sach se.
- nh ky phun thuoc diet ngoai ky sinh trung.
- Co the ieu tr bang cac loai thuoc sau:
Iverject 1%: 1ml/33kg the trong
Dectomax: 1ml/33kg the trong
Taktic: 2cc/0.5lt nc phun trc tiep len mnh heo.
59
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Benh truyen nhiem do vi trung, virus tren heo Trng
HNL, 1996
2. Nguyen lieu thc an chan nuoi NXBNN Ha noi, 2003
3. Ky thuat chan nuoi heo NXBNN Ha noi, 2004
4. Nuoi heo tht nang suat cao NXBNN Thanh pho, 2006
60
PHU LUC
DANH MUC HOA CHAT VA KCH THCH TO
A B CAM S DUNG VIET NAM
Ban hanh kem theo Quyet nh so 54/2002/Q-BNN
ngay 20 thang 6 nam 2002 cua Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien
nong thon, ve viec cam san xuat, nhap khau, lu thong va s
dung mot so loai hoa chat, kch thch to di ay:
S TT
Tn ha cht, kch t
S TT
Tn ha cht, kch t
Carbuterol
Metronidazole
Cimaterol
10
19 Nor-testosterone
Clenbuterol
11
Ractopamine
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
12
Salbutamol
Dimetridazole
13
Terbutaline
Fenoterol
14
Stilbenes
Isoxuprin
15
Terbolone
Methyl-testosterone
16
Zeranol
Trng hp san xuat theo n at hang cho xuat khau

phai co y kien bang van ban cua Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT.
61
DANH MUC THUOC KHANG SINH

A B CAM S DUNG VIET NAM
Ban hanh kem theo Quyet nh so 25/2005/Q-BNN ngay 18
thang 5 nam 2005 cua Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong
thon
STT
62
Tn ha cht v khng sinh cm s dng vit nam
Chloramphenicol (tn khc Chloromycetin; Chlornitromycin;

Laevomycin; Chlorocid, Leukomycin)
Furazolidon v dn xut ca nhm Nitrofuran (Nitrfuran,

Furacillin, Nitrofurazon; Furacin; Nitrofurantoin; Furozon;
Orafuran; Furadonin; Furadantin; Furaltadon; Payzone;
Furazolin; Nitrofurmethon; Nitrofuridin; Nitrovin).
Dimetridazole (tn khc Emtryl)
Metronidazole (tn khc Trichomonacid, Flagyl, Klion,

Avimetronid)
Dipterex (tn khc Metriphonat, Trichlorphon, Neguvon,

Chlorophos, DTHP); DDVP (tn khc Dichlorvos;
Dichlorovos)
DANH MUC THUOC, NGUYEN LIEU

LAM THUOC THU Y HAN CHE S DUNG
Ban hanh kem theo Quyet nh so 25/2005/Q-BNN
ngay 18 thang 5 nam 2005 cua Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien
nong thon
STT
Tn thuc,
nguyn liu lm thuc
Bacitracin Zn
Carbadox
Olaquindox
Spiramycin
Tylosin Phosphate
Avoparcin
Virginiamycin
Meticlorpidol
Meticlorpidol/Methylbenzoquate
10
Amprolium (dng bt)
11
Amprolium/ethopate
12
Nicarbazin
13
Flavophospholipol
14
Salinomycin
15
Avilamycin
16
Monensin
63
KHANG SINH, DC LIEU TOI A CHO PHEP

TRONG THC AN HON HP
(Theo tieu chuan Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT)
S
TT
Tn khng sinh, dc liu
Hm lng ti
a cho php
(g/tn)
Axit arsanilic
90
BMD
(bacitracin methylene
disalicylate)
30
Zinc bacitracin
80
50
20
Bambemycins
Carbadox
50
Chlotetracyline
50
Lincomycin
20
Olaquindox
50
Oxytetracyline
50
10
Penecilline
50
11
Roxarsone
34
12
Tylosin
40
13
virginiamycin
10
64
Ghi ch
Heo < 3 thng tui

Heo < 4 thng tui
Heo < 5 thng tui
Ngng s dng 4
tun trc khi git
m
Ngng s dng 4
tun trc khi git
m
Liu phng ch
dng cho heo con
Cho heo < 60kg
THI GIAN NGNG S DUNG MOT SO LOAI

KHANG SINH, DC LIEU TRC KHI XUAT THT
150
Thi gian
ngng thuc
(ngy)
28
Arsanilic acid
45 90
Bacitracin methylene disalicylate
10 250
Bacitracin zinc
20 50
Bambermycin
24
Carbadox
10 50
42
Chlotetracycline
10 400
0 14
Tn thuc s dng
Apramycin sulfate
T l trn
(g/tn)
Chlotetracycline sulfamethazine
7 15
Penicilline
Chlotetracyclin tiamuline
Diclorvos
2 14
334 500
Fenbendazole
Hygromycin B
12
15
Ivermectin
1.8 11.8
Levamysole
0.08%
20 200
Neomycin
25mg/kgBW/ngy
Neomycin terramycin
35 140/50 100
5 14
Oxytetracycline
10 50
5 14
Penicillin procaine
10 50
Lincomycin hydrochloride
65
Pyrantel tartrate
Roxarxone
1
0.0025 0.02%
Tetracyline
5
0 14
Tiamulin
10 200
07
Tilmicosin
181 363
Tylosin phosphate
10 100
100
15
5 - 100
Tylosin sulfamethazine
virginamycin
66
MOT SO A CH ANG TIN CAY

1. X nghiep chan nuoi heo Phc Long
a ch: Khu pho 4, phng Phc Long B, quan 9
ien thoai: 08. 7313008 0909299289 (Anh Danh)
2. Trai chan nuoi heo Tan Trung
a ch: Ap 4, xa Hoa Phu, huyen Cu Chi, TPHCM
ien thoai: 08. 7956802 7954082
3. Trai chan nuoi heo ong Hiep
a ch: Ap 3, xa Pham Van Coi, huyen Cu Chi, TPHCM
ien thoai: 08. 8966627
4. X nghiep heo giong cap 1
a ch: 37/11 phng Linh Xuan, quan Thu c, TPHCM
ien thoai: 08.7240406
5. Cong ty TNHH thng mai va kinh doanh thu y
Nam Thai
a ch: 86/55 Pho Quang, phng 2, quan Tan Bnh, TPHCM
ien thoai: 08. 9975930 0913650327 - 0983270000 (Anh
Khanh)
6. Cong ty TNHH thng mai thu y Tan Tien
a ch: 600 Cong Hoa, phng 13, quan Tan Bnh, TPHCM
ien thoai: 08. 8425661 08.8429049
7. Cong ty thuoc thu y TW2 (Navetco)
a ch: 29 Nguyen nh Chieu, phng akao, quan 1,
TPHCM
ien thoai: 08. 8225955
8. Cong ty thuoc thu y Bio-Pharmachemie
a ch: 2/3 Tang Nhn Phu, phng Phc Long B, quan 9,
TPHCM
ien thoai: 08. 7313489
67
9. Cong ty cung ng thiet b chuong trai Kim Hoan

a ch: 282 Nguyen Thai Sn, phng 5, quan Go Vap,
TPHCM
ien thoai: 08. 9850415
10. X nghiep thc an chan nuoi An phu
a ch: 162 Nguyen Th nh, phng An phu, quan 2,
TPHCM
ien thoai: 08. 7470122 7470431 - 8890624
68

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S NONG NGHIEP VA PTNT TP.

TRUNG TAM KHUYEN NONG

CHAN NUOI HEO

15. Giong heo nao c a chuong nuoi tai TP.HCM?.......................... 17

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

co nhng trieu chng g? ................................................................... 44

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

1. Hoi: Khai niem tht heo sach, an toan c hieu

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

2. Hoi: Hay cho biet thu tuc va trnh t cong bo ap

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

(1) oi vi c s chan nuoi: theo TC Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT

5. Hoi: C s chan nuoi heo an toan can co so sach

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

nuoi, ng noi bo va c thay oi thng xuyen.

Nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD), ti a

Nhu cu oxy sinh ha (BOD), ti a

Tng s cht rn, ti a

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

Vi khun hiu kh, ti a

- nh ky 6 thang lay mau kiem tra chat lng nguon

theo hng dan cua c quan thu y.

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

- Co u dien tch, ieu kien x ly chat thai ran, nc thai.

- Co ni tieu huy heo chet. Ni nay phai cach xa khu chan

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

theo nh ky hoac ot xuat theo ch nh).

15. Hoi: Giong heo nao c a chuong nuoi tai

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

- Chon theo gia pha: chon heo con t nhng heo bo me

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

+ Ngay th 4: 0% thc an cu + 100% thc an mi

23. Hoi: Nen chon v tr va hng chuong nh the

cua an heo, tiet kiem c lao ong. Neu ta chon a iem

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

mai lech hoac noc oi th s thoat kh se thuan li hn v luong

25. Hoi: e am bao cho heo co moi trng song

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

co lo thoat nc e tien lam ve sinh. Mang can co o cao thch

Phng thc cho n

Nng lng trao i

Canxi (% khi lng,

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

+ Giai oan 2 (heo choai, 31 60kg): heo can loai thc

30. Thc an cong nghiep la g?

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

32. Hoi: Nguyen lieu e phoi tron thc an can am

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

theo th t: loai nhieu o trc, loai t o sau.

+ Cam hon hp cung la oi tng de b nam tan cong.

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

phan ng qua man oi vi ngi nhay cam khang sinh hoac

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

37. Hoi: Nhng yeu to nao anh hng en kha nang

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

co trong danh muc thuoc thu y c phep lu hanh tai Viet

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

2. Cac bien phap kh trung tieu oc:

42. Hoi: Stress la g? Li hai cua stress oi vi an

Cam nang chan nuoi heo an toan

- Can gi cho chuong trai luon kho rao, thong thoang, u

sau e co the can thiep kp thi: