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ABSTRACT
This study is an investigation into the Realism in the masterpiece David Copperfield by the
famous novelist Charles Dickens and in Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray. It aims to provide
English students and others who are interested in English literature in general and in the work of Dickens
as well as Thackeray in particular a better understanding of the contemporary society in the 19th century.
1. t vn
Vn hc v cuc sng c mi quan h mt thit, hay ni cch khc i, cuc sng chnh l ch
mun thu cho vn hc. Cuc sng vn d th rp nhng khi ha quyn vi hi th ca vn
hc s to ra mt hnh tng mang y tnh ngh thut. Trong khi , vn hc l s c kt kin
thc vo nhng tc phm th ca, tiu thuyt... gip con ngi hiu hn v cuc sng. Cuc sng
ca con ngi khng ch n thun l nhng nhu cu v vt cht. Chng ta c tm hn, tr tu v
lun bit hc hi nhng kin thc mi xung quanh. V vn hc chnh l kho tng tri thc v tn.
Vn hc nhc cho chng ta v nhng cu chuyn, thin anh hng ca, lch s trong qu kh v c
hin ti. Ni cch khc, vn hc l sui ngun cho s tri nhn, tng tng v sng to ca loi
ngi. Vic c v cm nhn nhng tc phm vn hc kit xut c v nh ta ang lnh hi nn
tri thc qu gi; ngc li, thiu s tip nhn vn hc th chng ta khng th tr thnh mt con
ngi hon thin.
Vn hc Anh vo th k 19 chng kin thi k huy hong ca rt nhiu tc phm hin
thc cho n nay vn c bit n v yu thch rng ri. Trong s phi k n hai tc gi ni
ting c cng nhn l nhng ngi bt sc nt vo na cui thi i Victoria: Charles Dickens
v William Makepeace Thackeray. Tc phm David Copperfield l minh ha xut sc cho thi
i Victoria v ti nng ca Dickens. Tc phm cha ng mt ct truyn phc tp, nhn mnh
x hi ng thi vi nhng gi tr o c v hin thc, thng qua tr thnh tc phm ni
ting nht ca ng. Tuy cng c chung cm nhn v x hi thi nt, tc phm Hi ch ph hoa
ca Thackeray li l mt bc bim ha ca x hi thng lu nc Anh. Bi cnh ca tc phm
vo th k 19 cun chng ta vo mt x hi phn tng y nhng ch trch v gi tr o c, vi
mt s cm nhn hon ton tnh to.
2. Mc ch, mc tiu nghin cu
2.1 Mc ch nghin cu
Bi nghin cu ny nhm mc ch gip bn c yu vn hc Anh c ci nhn khi qut v
su sc v gi tr hin thc c th hin trong hai tc phm David Copperfield ca Charles
Dickens v Hi ch ph hoa ca William Makepeace Thackeray, ng thi hiu c thng
ip n cha bn trong ca tc gi.
2.2 Mc tiu nghin cu
- M t bi cnh lch s nc Anh vo th k 19.
- Phn tch x hi Anh th k 19 thng qua hnh nh con ngi thuc tng lp thng v
trung lu.
- Tm hiu im ging v khc nhau v cch th hin gi tr hin thc trong hai tc phm
- Nhn thc c thng ip tc gi mun gi gm thng qua hai tc phm.
2.3 Phm vi nghin cu
Do s hn hp ca thi gian cng nh kh nng ca bn thn, bi nghin cu ny ch tp
trung vo vic phn tch gi tr hin thc c th hin trong hai tc phm David Copperfield
ca Charles Dickens v Hi ch ph hoa ca William Makepeace Thackeray.
2.4 Cu hi nghin cu
- Gi tr hin thc c th hin trong tc phm David Copperfield ca Charles Dickens
nh th no?
- Gi tr hin thc c th hin trong tc phm Hi ch ph hoa ca William
Makepeace Thackeray nh th no?
- Nhng im ging v khc nhau v gi tr hin thc trong hai tc phm David
Copperfield ca Charles Dickens v Hi ch ph hoa ca William Makepeace Thackeray l
g?
- Thng ip ca Dickens v Thackeray thng qua gi tr hin thc l g?
3. C s l thuyt
Nc Anh vo thi i Victoria y ry nhng mu thun x hi. Cng vi s pht trin
vt tri v kinh t, khoa hc, ngh thut; nhn dn lao ng phi sng trong iu kin kham kh
v b i x bt cng, t ny sinh nhng vn xung t, thm ch l cht chc au thng.
Cc tc gi trong thi k ny c xu hng l tng ha bc tranh x hi hin thc v cuc sng
kh khn, s bn ch, tnh yu v may mn s thng vo pht cui; ngi c c hnh xng ng
c hnh phc cn k c phi b trng tr. C th ni hu ht cc nh vn phn nh thnh
cng hin thc ca x hi, qua bn c c th hnh dung v cuc sng v quan nim ca con
ngi trong hu ht cc tc phm ca h. Tt c cng nhau to ra xu hng mi ca vn hc
trong thi i ca N hong Victoria.
5. Kt qu nghin cu
5.1 Gi tr hin thc c th hin qua tc phm David Copperfield
5.1.1 Gi tr hin thc thng qua tnh nhn o
X hi nc Anh c m t rt chn thc trong tc phm David Copperfield. Tc
gi tp trung vo nhng ngi lao ng ngho kh lun chu ng s p bc bc lt bi giai cp
thng lu. Dickens phc ha cuc i sm nhc nhn ca cu b David lun b i x ti t bi
nhng ngi xung quanh. Cha mt trc khi cho i, li b cha k c c gh lnh v tm mi
cch tng cu ra khi nh. Tui th vt v ca David lun phi chng kin v hng chu nhng
la lc, di tr, hnh h gy ra bi nhng ngi xung quanh. Nhng nhn vt tiu biu nh
Murdstone, Creakle, Uriah Heep ni ln c ton cnh ca x hi bt cng, ngi lng
thin li phi chu thit thi.
Tuy nhin, s thm m ca lng nhn o ch thc c th hin thng qua hnh nh
v mi quan h ca cc nhn vt. B c Betsey xut hin nh mt s che ch bo v cho tng lp
ngho kh khng c kh nng khng c m i din l David. Nh C Betsey, David c c hi
c n trng v gp g nhng con ngi nhn hu lun gip cu. Dickens cho rng khng
phi tt c ngi giu u c c. Agnes v tin s Strong l minh chng c th. Tnh yu v s
quan tm ca ngi bn tm giao gip David vt qua c nhng lc tng chng nh kh
khn nht.
xut thn t ngho kh, nhng cng chnh tham vng tin ti khng t th on leo ln
c tng lp thng lu thi nt y.
Thackeray nhn x hi nc Anh, hay ng hn l x hi thng lu trng gi nc
Anh vi con mt rt bi quan, hoi nghi, nhng khng th , tri li ht sc soi mi; do nhng
chi tit nu ln trong tc phm c mt gi tr hin thc ln. Ngi bt ca ng t ra khng thng
xt i vi giai cp qu tc ng thi.
5.2.2 Gi tr hin thc thng qua tnh chm bim
Khuynh hng tro phng ny n trong vn hc Anh t gia th k 18 v n gia th k
19, khuynh hng y c kt tinh Thackeray. Trong ting ci cay c ca ng phn no c
s phn n ca qun chng. l ting ni phn khng li nhng s bt cng trong x hi. Ch
ngha hin thc Thackeray mang mu sc lun l r rt, ng mun ng trn quan im o
c m soi mi cuc i v rt ra nhng bi hc v cch x th. Ch ca Hi ch ph hoa
l s v ngha, s ph phim ca cuc i, mt tn hi kch ln, trong mi con ngi sm mt
vai tr m khng t bit, hoc mt cnh hi ch hn tp, trong ch ton l nhng s ph
trng mua bn, v mi th u l nhng mn hng.
Khuynh hng vch nhng nt mt tri i tot ra trong ton b tc phm t chng
u n chng cui. Tt c nhng ci g gi l cao qu, tt p, m thin h hng khao kht v
thit tha gn b, thc ra ch l nhng chuyn ht sc v ngha, th d nh danh vng, tin ti,
nhng ci vn gi l nhng c tnh, v ngay c nhng tnh cm thing ling nh tnh cha con,
tnh b bn, tnh v chngnhiu khi cng ch l cu chuyn khi hi.
5.3 im ging v khc nhau v gi tr hin thc trong hai tc phm
c im
David Copperfield
Hi ch ph hoa
Ging nhau
1. Mc ch ca tc phm
-Dickens ph phn x hi bt
cng lun coi trng gi tr vt
cht. Tnh cm v mi quan
h gia ngi vi ngi b
lng qun.
-Thackeray ch trch s tn
nhn, bt nhn, sa a, hn
nht, v tnh ca gii qu tc
Anh ang b hy hoi v tinh
thn.
-X hi ph hoa ch l mt
-Ngay c trong hon cnh cnh ch hn n m mi th
tm ti vn c s vui ti
u l mt mn hng
Khc nhau
1. Gc phn tch ca tc -T gc ca ngi ngho,
phm
Dickens thu hiu v cm
thng su sc cuc sng kh
cc, t phc ha bc tranh
ca ngi ngi ngho.
-C phn cng iu ha
trong li vit. Nhn vt chnh
din i khi qu l tng v
hon ho.
6. Kt lun
Bi nghin cu ny cung cp cho bn c yu vn hc ni chung v vn hc Anh ni ring
mt ci nhn ton din v su sc i vi nhng vn chnh tr, x hi ca nc Anh th k 19.
X hi thng lu cao qu, di ngi bt ca Dickens v Thackeray, hin ra l mt x hi thi
nt y nhng bt cng, tn nhn.
Thng qua , bn c cng s rt ra c nhng bi hc o c, nhng trit l sng cho
ring mnh, ngy cng hon thin bn thn, sng tt hn cho bn thn v mi ngi.
[4]. Sutherland, John, Vanity Fair A Novel Without Hero, Oxford University Press
[5]. Catalan, Zelma, (2009), The Politics of Irony in Thackerays Mature Fiction: Vanity
Fair, The History of Henry Esmond, The Newcomes, St. Kliment Ohridski University Press
[6]. Matthews, Roy T and Mellini, Peter, (1982), Vanity Fair, Great Britain, Scolar Press,
James Price Publishing Ltd; USA, Berkeley and Los Angeles, the University of California
Press
[7]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/overview_victorians_01.shtml
[8]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_era
[9]. http://www.heritagehistory.com/www/heritage.php? FileName=victoria.php
[10]. http://www.novelexplorer.com/category/david-copperfield
[11]. http://thelitconnection.wordpress.com/